CN102196554A - Method for realizing average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network through cluster averaging - Google Patents
Method for realizing average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network through cluster averaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing the average clock synchronization of a wireless sensor network through cluster averaging, which comprises the following steps of: (1) dividing the wireless sensor network into a plurality of interlinked intersectant clusters; (2) broadcasting a synchronous signaling to a physical channel at one time by using a transmitter, and respectively recording the local signaling-received time of each inter-cluster node by the inter-cluster nodes; (3) sequentially sending the recorded local times to other nodes by the inter-cluster node until the last node receives the local times, calculating the average value of all the local times, and sequentially sending the average value to other nodes, so that all nodes adjust the phases of the local clocks thereof according to the average value so as to update the local clock of each inter-cluster node to the average value, thereby realizing the local synchronization of the inter-cluster nodes; and (4) repeating the steps (2) and (3) until a synchronization error reaches a threshold, then stopping circulating, thereby realizing the integral clock synchronization of the whole network. By using the method disclosed by the invention, the energy consumption is reduced, and the time synchronization accuracy and the network expandability are improved, therefore, the method can be applied to large-scale network clock synchronization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of wireless communications networks, relate to the method for the average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network,, make the network node clock fast, stably be synchronized with the mean value of node time with distributed way in order to improve network extensibility.
Background technology
Along with the progress of microelectric technique, embedded computing technique and wireless communication technology, promoted the fast development of low-power consumption Multifunction Sensor, make its can the integrated information collection in small volume, multiple function such as data processing and radio communication.Wireless sensor network WSNs forms by being deployed in cheap microsensor nodes a large amount of in the surveyed area, the network system of a multi-hop ad hoc that forms by communication, its objective is the information of perceptive object in perception, collection and the processing network's coverage area of cooperation, and be sent to base station at a distance and handle.WSNs can obtain a large amount of accurate and reliable information under harsh environmental conditions, thereby is widely used in fields such as national defense and military, Industry Control, environmental monitoring, traffic administration.People can pass through the direct perception of sensing network objective world, and along with the further investigation and the extensive use of sensor network, sensor network will be deep into human lives's every field gradually.
Time synchronized all is an important problem for all distributed systems, precise time is synchronously for the design of sensor network with use and have great importance equally, such as data fusion, time division multiple access TDMA regularly, dormancy period synchronously, energy efficient MAC protocol etc. all needs sensor node to have the unified time signal.The data that transducer obtained must have unified time and positional information, otherwise the information of gathering also is incomplete.Length of a game allows internode collaboration synchronously and transmits data on schedule in proper order, on the basis of time synchronized between node, detect the speed of service and the direction of estimating target with the seasonal effect in time series target location, determine that node arrives the position of the distance or the sound source of sound source by the propagation time of measuring sound.Node is numerous in the unlimited sensor network, and the energy of node, bandwidth, storage, disposal ability etc. are limited relatively, and this will must have characteristics such as low communication expense, low computation complexity, favorable expandability by the seeking time method for synchronous.The inherent limitations characteristic of these transducers also causes traditional clock synchronizing method to be not suitable for the wireless sensor network clock synchronization simultaneously.
Jeremy Elson and Kay Romer propose and have set forth the research topic of the time synchronized in the sensor network first in the Hot Nets-I in August, 2002 international conference, caused concern in the sensor network research field.University and scientific research institution begin this field is furtherd investigate one after another, and the multiple time synchronization protocol of proposition is each has something to recommend him under different applied environments and performance evaluation index.The TPSN method realizes that by the structure hierarchical network multi-hop is synchronous: all nodes are according to the correspondence layering logic layers, by communication mode based on sender-recipient, each node can realize synchronously with certain node of upper level, thus realize all nodes all with the time synchronized of root node.This method is carried out a global synchronization need consume big energy, and the many more synchronization accuracies of layering are poor more.
The FTSP method is sent one by sending node and is comprised the packet that local transmitting time is stabbed, and receiving node is with the local zone time recorder time and take out timestamp in the synchronization message, adjusts self time and synchronization node time synchronized then.This method realizes simple, have lower computation complexity and less system capacity expense, but synchronization accuracy descends slightly.
The RBS method is based on recipient-recipient's the method for synchronization: a node broadcasts several times sync beacon, each node in bunch are utilized the due in of local clock record beacon respectively, then between each receiving node swap time record, and then calibration in twos.Though this method can have the higher synchronous precision, the network traffics expense is higher, and computation complexity is also very big.
In sum, existing many clock synchronization protocol all have the lower defective of synchronization accuracy, while network traffics expense is higher, computation complexity makes that greatly also the energy consumption of network is excessive, especially for large-scale WSNs, influence the life-span of network node more, finally limited network extensibility.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned existing protocol, proposed,, reduce the network traffics expense and prolong network life, strengthen network extensibility to improve synchronization accuracy by a bunch average method that realizes the average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) according to the correspondence between sensor node in the network, wireless sensor network is divided into some bunches that interconnection is intersected, all be provided with a transmitter in each bunch;
(2) utilize transmitter to synchronous signaling of physical channel broadcasting, all nodes receive the synchronous signaling of self-channel at synchronization in bunch, and write down the local zone time of receiving synchronous signaling separately respectively;
(3) bunch the start node in sends the packet of a record local zone time to its adjacent node, this adjacent node with the local zone time of record and time of receiving together the integrated data bag send its adjacent node to, by that analogy, up to bunch in last node receive packet, stop to transmit, promptly last this node has been known all local zone times of record in the step (2);
(4) bunch last node calculates the mean value of all local zone times in, and increases or reduce the phase place of own local clock according to this mean value, so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time average, simultaneously this mean value is sent to start node;
(5) start node as fiducial time, increases or reduces the phase place of the local clock of oneself with the time average that receives, so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time mean value, simultaneously this time mean value is sent to its adjacent node;
(6) adjacent node of start node is according to the time average that receives, increase or reduce the phase place of the local clock of oneself, so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time mean value, simultaneously this time average is sent to the neighbor node of oneself, by that analogy, up to bunch in all nodes all upgrade oneself local clock, stop to transmit, promptly bunch be synchronized with time average;
(7) repeating step (2)～(6) are carried out the local synchronization of each bunch interior nodes successively;
(8) error range that allows according to network in the practical application, setting threshold, repeating step (7), when the synchronous error up between network node reaches setting threshold, stop the circulation, owing to bunch and bunch between exist juxtaposition to have relevance, what time average was high in bunch approaches to low gradually, what time average was low in bunch approaches to height gradually, and last all-network node converges on the mean value of whole network time gradually, has realized that then the global clock of whole network is synchronous.
In the above-mentioned method, step (1) is described to be divided into some bunches that interconnection is intersected with wireless sensor network, be meant with wireless sensor network be divided into by can be directly a complete communication network forming of nodes in communication in twos, these all nodes of complete communication network receive synchronous signaling from physical channel at synchronization.
In the above-mentioned method, the described transmitter that utilizes of step (2) is to synchronous signaling of physical channel broadcasting, the synchronous signaling that is meant transmitter broadcasting arrives gateway through identical transmitting time and access time, arrives each receiving node through propagation time and time of reception again.
In the above-mentioned method, the related synchronous signaling of step (2), be meant a kind of request or definite signal of information any time of not comprising, so that receiving node is at synchronization record local zone time separately, the difference of guaranteeing these local zone times is to be caused by the asynchronous of clock, and does not consider communication delay.
The present invention has following advantage:
The present invention is owing to the correspondence according to network node is divided into some bunches to network, so that utilize the broadcast characteristic of the physical channel of wireless data link layer, the delay time error that transmitting time and access time cause on the removal critical path is so improved synchronization accuracy; Simultaneously since the present invention bunch in the local synchronization process in Data transmission bag successively between node, reduced the degree of transitivity of packet, thereby reduced the network traffics expense, and prolonged network life, improved network extensibility and made it more be applicable to large scale network; This is not for because the method that the present invention proposes relies on any reference node, bunch in realize average clock synchronization, make nodal clock finally converge on the mean value of time, maintenance synchronous regime that can be more stable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is divided into some bunches wireless sensor network figure among the present invention;
Fig. 3 be among the present invention transmitter to bunch critical path schematic diagram of interior nodes broadcast synchronization signaling;
Fig. 4 is a data passes schematic diagram between the present invention's bunch interior nodes;
Fig. 5 is the wherein network diagram of choosing in the emulation experiment of the present invention of three groups of different nodes;
Fig. 6 is the figure as a result of emulation experiment correspondence of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the present invention mainly comprises three parts: the one, wireless sensor network is divided into some bunches, and the 2nd, the local clock that carries out bunch interior nodes is synchronous, and the 3rd, realize that the global clock of whole network is synchronous, concrete step is described below:
According to the correspondence between sensor node in the network, wireless sensor network is divided into some bunches that interconnection is intersected, all be provided with a transmitter in each bunch, as shown in Figure 2, wherein, bunch be meant by can be directly a complete communication network forming of nodes in communication in twos, establishing wireless sensor network has N sensor node, can be divided into M bunch according to the correspondence between sensor node in the network.
It is synchronous that step 2. is carried out the local clock of bunch interior nodes.
With reference to Fig. 4, being implemented as follows of this step:
2.1) bunch in transmitter according to path shown in Figure 3 to synchronous signaling of physical channel broadcasting, be that synchronous signaling arrives gateway through identical transmitting time and access time, arrive each receiving node through propagation time and time of reception again, for example shown in Figure 3, the synchronous signaling of transmitter broadcasting arrives gateway through transmitting time and access time, arrive receiving node 1 through propagation time and time of reception again, the synchronous signaling of transmitter broadcasting arrives gateway through transmitting time and access time, arrive receiving node 2 through propagation time and time of reception again, wherein the transmitting time of process is identical with the access time.Bunch interior nodes writes down the local zone time that receives synchronous signaling separately respectively, wherein synchronous signaling is meant and does not comprise the request or the confirmation signal of information any time, so that receiving node is at synchronization record local zone time separately, the difference of guaranteeing these local zone times is to be caused by the asynchronous of clock, and propagation time and time of reception think can irrespective communication delay.If in i bunch n is arranged
iIndividual sensor node, establishing in i bunch has n
iIndividual sensor node, then the node in i bunch is labeled as V respectively
I, 1, V
I, 2, Λ,
The local zone time of nodes records is labeled as T respectively
I, 1, T
I, 2, Λ,
I=1 wherein, 2, Λ, M;
2.2) start node V in the i bunch
I, 1To its adjacent node V
I, 2Send one and comprise the local zone time T that oneself writes down
I, 1Packet, this adjacent node V
I, 2With the local zone time T that oneself writes down
I, 2With the local zone time T that receives
I, 1Together send to the adjacent node V of oneself
I, 3, by that analogy, last node in i bunch
Receive packet, stop to send, comprise local zone time T in the packet this moment
I, 1, T
I, 2, Λ,
2.3) last node
Calculate the local zone time that oneself writes down
Mean value with all local zone times in the packet:
This node
And,, simultaneously time average avg_i is sent to start node V so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time mean value avg_i according to the phase place that this time mean value avg_i adjusts the local clock of oneself
I, 1
2.4) start node V
I, 1The time average avg_i that receives as fiducial time, is increased or reduce the phase place of own local clock,, simultaneously time average avg_i is sent to the neighbor node V of oneself so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time mean value avg_i
I, 2
2.5) start node V
I, 1Adjacent node V
I, 2With time average avg_i as fiducial time, increase or reduce the phase place of own local clock, so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time mean value avg_i, by that analogy, all nodes in i bunch all upgrade the local clock of oneself, and promptly i bunch is synchronized with time average avg_i.
Step 3. realizes that the global clock of whole network is synchronous.
3.1) repeating step 2, carry out the local synchronization of each bunch interior nodes successively;
3.2) error range that allows according to network in the practical application, setting threshold, repeating step 3.1), when the synchronous error up between network node reaches setting threshold, stop the circulation, owing to bunch and bunch between exist juxtaposition to have relevance, what time average was high in bunch approaches to low gradually, what time average was low in bunch approaches to height gradually, and last all-network node converges on the mean value of whole network time gradually, has realized that then the global clock of whole network is synchronous.
Effect of the present invention can further specify by following emulation experiment:
1. simulated conditions:
At CPU is to use MATLAB to carry out emulation in core2 2.4GHZ, internal memory 2G, the WINDOWS XP system.
2. emulation content:
The network of choosing different node numbers is as experimental subjects, three group network figure wherein as shown in Figure 5, Fig. 5 (a) is the network diagram of 11 nodes, Fig. 5 (b) is the network diagram of 20 nodes, Fig. 5 (c) is the network diagram of 100 nodes that generate at random.With the method that proposes among RBS method and the present invention the network of choosing is carried out emulation experiment respectively, analyze the energy consumption and the synchronous error that obtain with these two kinds of methods, the comparative experiments result, wherein, can consume internodal number of communications represents, the more network traffics expenses that mean of number of communications big more more, and the energy consumption that Data transmission is brought between node is many more; Synchronous error is meant and realizes after the wireless sensor network global synchronization maximum difference of local zone time between network node, and synchronous error is more little, and synchronization accuracy is high more.
It is 0.5 that the node initial time value that generates at random in the experiment is obeyed average, and variance is 1 Gaussian Profile; Tong Xin network jitter each time generates at random, and obeying average is 1 μ s, and standard deviation is the Gaussian Profile of 10 μ s.
3. simulation result:
The simulation result of experiment as shown in Figure 6, wherein Fig. 6 (a) is the change curve comparison diagram of the network of different node numbers each network energy consumption when reaching synchronous, and Fig. 6 (b) is the network of different node numbers each Network Synchronization error change curve comparison diagram when reaching synchronous.Concrete experimental data is as shown in table 1, and wherein energy consumption in the table 1 and synchronous error all are assembly averages.
Energy consumption and synchronous error under two kinds of methods of table 1
Data from The simulation experiment result figure and table 1 can find out that the method that proposes among RBS method and the present invention can both reach the clock synchronization of wireless sensor network.The clock synchronization that the method that proposes among the present invention realizes is not only little than RBS method on threshold value is provided with, and all is better than the RBS method on synchronization accuracy and energy consumption.
From the above description as can be seen, the method that the present invention proposes has improved synchronization accuracy, has reduced energy consumption and has prolonged network life, has strengthened network extensibility, applicable to large scale network; The method that the present invention simultaneously proposes does not rely on any reference node, and network node converges on the time average of node, finally reaches average clock synchronization, maintenance synchronous regime that can be more stable.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is passed through a bunch average method that realizes the average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network, comprises the steps:
(1) according to the correspondence between sensor node in the network, wireless sensor network is divided into some bunches that interconnection is intersected, all be provided with a transmitter in each bunch;
(2) utilize transmitter to synchronous signaling of physical channel broadcasting, all nodes receive the synchronous signaling of self-channel at synchronization in bunch, and write down the local zone time of receiving synchronous signaling separately respectively;
(3) bunch the start node in sends the packet of a record local zone time to its adjacent node, this adjacent node with the local zone time of record and time of receiving together the integrated data bag send its adjacent node to, by that analogy, up to bunch in last node receive packet, stop to transmit, promptly last this node has been known all local zone times of record in the step (2);
(4) bunch last node calculates the mean value of all local zone times in, and increases or reduce the phase place of own local clock according to this mean value, so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time average, simultaneously this mean value is sent to start node;
(5) start node as fiducial time, increases or reduces the phase place of the local clock of oneself with the time average that receives, so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time mean value, simultaneously this time mean value is sent to its adjacent node;
(6) adjacent node of start node is according to the time average that receives, increase or reduce the phase place of the local clock of oneself, so that the local clock of oneself is updated to this time mean value, simultaneously this time average is sent to the neighbor node of oneself, by that analogy, up to bunch in all nodes all upgrade oneself local clock, stop to transmit, promptly bunch be synchronized with time average;
(7) repeating step (2)～(6) are carried out the local synchronization of each bunch interior nodes successively;
(8) error range that allows according to network in the practical application, setting threshold, repeating step (7), when the synchronous error up between network node reaches setting threshold, stop the circulation, owing to bunch and bunch between exist juxtaposition to have relevance, what time average was high in bunch approaches to low gradually, what time average was low in bunch approaches to height gradually, and last all-network node is compromised gradually and converged on the mean value of whole network time, has realized that then the global clock of whole network is synchronous.
2. according to claim 1 by a bunch average method that realizes the average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network, wherein step (1) is described is divided into some bunches that interconnection is intersected with wireless sensor network, be meant with wireless sensor network be divided into by can be directly a complete communication network forming of nodes in communication in twos, these all nodes of complete communication network receive synchronous signaling from physical channel at synchronization.
3. according to claim 1 by a bunch average method that realizes the average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network, wherein the described transmitter that utilizes of step (2) is to synchronous signaling of physical channel broadcasting, the synchronous signaling that is meant transmitter broadcasting arrives gateway through identical transmitting time and access time, arrives each receiving node through propagation time and time of reception again.
4. according to claim 1 by a bunch average method that realizes the average clock synchronization of wireless sensor network, the related synchronous signaling of step (2) wherein, be meant a kind of request or definite signal of information any time of not comprising, so that receiving node is at synchronization record local zone time separately, the difference of guaranteeing these local zone times is to be caused by the asynchronous of clock, and does not consider communication delay.
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| CN102665268A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-09-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Distributed time synchronization method for hierarchical clustering wireless self-organized network |
| CN103178917A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-06-26 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Clock synchronization method and system for cooperative communication, and information collection node |
| CN103874177A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Wireless sensor network real-time synchronization method based on mobile reference node |
| CN104918319A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-16 | 北方工业大学 | Clock synchronization simplified information exchange method applied to wireless sensor network |
| CN105554871A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-05-04 | 西安华讯天基通信技术有限公司 | Wireless self-organized network synchronization method |
| CN106533602A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | ATS-protocol-based time synchronization method of hierarchical network |
| CN109239640A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-01-18 | 国网浙江宁波市奉化区供电有限公司 | Ammeter clock correction method based on mean difference |
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| CN106533602A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | ATS-protocol-based time synchronization method of hierarchical network |
| CN109239640A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-01-18 | 国网浙江宁波市奉化区供电有限公司 | Ammeter clock correction method based on mean difference |
| CN112650719A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and system for synchronous acquisition and data recording of earthquake |
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