CN202417707U - Opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine - Google Patents
Opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN202417707U CN202417707U CN201120491159XU CN201120491159U CN202417707U CN 202417707 U CN202417707 U CN 202417707U CN 201120491159X U CN201120491159X U CN 201120491159XU CN 201120491159 U CN201120491159 U CN 201120491159U CN 202417707 U CN202417707 U CN 202417707U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine, and relates to the field of internal-combustion engines. The opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine is provided with a centrally-mounted crankshaft, and an opposed two-stroke engine with opposed cylinders isolated from the mechanism stress. The double opposed cylinders are horizontally mounted on two sides of the crankshaft respectively, and each cylinder is provided with two opposed pistons and is connected with the crankshaft through a respective connecting rod. The pistons also serve as air valves to control opening and closing of air ports and realize two-stroke circulation. Three cranks of the centrally-mounted crankshaft correspond to a set of double opposed cylinders, and are connected with the four pistons in the cylinders through the connecting rods. The opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine has the following characteristics: reducing the manufacture difficulty of the crank, facilitating the improvement on the service life of a diesel engine, lightening the abrasion of piston rings, realizing higher combustion efficiency, enlarging the power density of the unit working volume, lowering the weight of the whole machine, and avoiding mechanical pretightening force and axial thermal stress generated during combustion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the basic fundamental of internal-combustion engine.Particularly, the present invention relates to the connecting rod of four-cycle diesel, the cooling of cylinder and piston, the lubrication technology of wrist pin.
Background technique
1876, German Nicolaus Otto proposed four-stroke for the first time and has followed and change (being air inlet, compression, expansion, exhaust) principle, and has invented the four-stroke of electronic ignition; 1893, German engineer Rudolph Diesel applied for ignition by compression internal-combustion engine patent.Two basic technologies of this of quartastroke engine are used till today always, and in productive life, are widely used.The shortcoming below but quartastroke engine exists: valve distribution mechanism is complicated, and component are many, the maintenance difficulty; Mechanicalness noise is big; Because bent axle 2 changes outburst 1 time, rotation is unstable.Because above shortcoming, quartastroke engine is difficult to break away from the typical structure of cylinder head, cylinder block, cylinder sleeve, body and bent axle all the time.
The parts that wherein directly receive the gas force effect have only cylinder sleeve and cylinder head, and bent axle rotatablely moves and moment of torsion owing to will externally exporting, and the load parts therefore also are absolutely necessary.Cylinder block and body then are in order to bear the parts that the unidirectional force effect that produces owing to gas force is provided with.The active force that they receive is bigger, and complex structure, and usually weight is bigger.Particularly support bears bigger bearing load, in proof strength, also must be unlikely to produce bigger resiliently deformable, and therefore structure is relatively heavier usually.Though the type that has has adopted the suspension type main bearing, replaced support with light oil sump, still can't fundamentally solve the bigger problem of structure weight.Bent axle changes to-and-fro motion into the externally output that rotatablely moves through the merit of compiling each cylinder, and gas force acts on the bent axle shaft arm, on main journal, produces the circulation stress symmetric, requires bent axle to have bigger intensity.Gas force acts on the bigger of main bearing, requires very high to bearing material and accuracy of manufacturing.Based on above reason, the accuracy of manufacturing of bent axle and support requires very high.The rotation of quartastroke engine is inhomogeneous, be equipped with bigger flywheel or adopt more number of cylinders, when number of cylinders more after a little while, the single order vibration that is produced by gas force often is difficult to reach balance through structural design, it is bigger to reach the weight cost that balance pays.Quartastroke engine inevitably need adopt valve distribution mechanism, and this mechanism generally is positioned on the cylinder head on cylinder top.Cylinder head is formed the combustion space with cylinder sleeve, piston, forms air flue, water channel, oil duct etc. simultaneously, to guarantee internal-combustion engine ventilation, the needs that cool off, lubricate.Cylinder head complex-shaped, temperature distributing disproportionation is even, bears bigger mechanical stress and thermal stress.In order to guarantee hot strength and to reduce the thermal distortion problem, must force cooling, but produce contradiction with mechanical strength.Therefore the design and the processing request of cylinder head are higher, and the cost that thereupon brings is higher.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve: simplified structure designs, and does not adopt the high tenacity cylinder block and the stand structure of traditional combustion engine, alleviates the weight of complete machine, reduces the complexity of system's manufacturing, reduces cost; The specific power of increasing combustion engine realizes higher power-weight ratio, energy-saving and emission-reduction; The unbalanced force that its muscle power of balance internal-combustion engine produces, the vibration and the noise of reduction internal-combustion engine; Reduce side-thrust through structural design, alleviate the wearing and tearing of part, improve the life-span of diesel engine; Do not use air cylinder head structure, improve the firing chamber operating temperature, improve combustion efficiency.
Among the present invention, the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of described opposed pistons has that bent axle is installed at the center and the opposed two stroke engine of the opposed cylinder of isolating with mechanical stress.
Among the present invention, the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of described opposed pistons, described biconjugate put cylinder respectively level be installed on the both sides of bent axle, two opposed pistonss are arranged in each cylinder, the connecting rod through separately is connected with bent axle.
Among the present invention, the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of described opposed pistons, the double air valve of doing of described piston, the switching of control gas port realizes two stroke cycle.
Among the present invention, the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of described opposed pistons, the corresponding one group of biconjugate of three cranks of the bent axle that install at described center is put cylinder, connects four pistons in the cylinder through connecting rod.
The opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons of the present invention has following characteristics.
1. than the stroke conventional diesel engine identical with rotating speed, the check of crankshaft radius is the half the of traditional model, has increased the rigidity of bent axle, has reduced the bent axle manufacture difficulty.
2. the connecting rod that passes through of piston acts on the gas force partial equilibrium on the bent axle in cylinder, and is less to the load that main bearing produces, and helps prolonging the life-span of diesel engine.
3. under the situation that realizes identical compression speed, the speed of piston is the half the of conventional diesel motor speeds, so wear of piston-rings alleviates the life-span prolongation.
4. replace cylinder head with piston head, the temperature of burning in the cylinder is higher, can realize higher combustion efficiency, and Economy is better.
5. inherit the big characteristics of two stroke diesel engine specific power, power-to-volume ratio density is bigger.
6. body can adopt lighter tower structure, has reduced the weight of complete machine.
7. cylinder sleeve adopts axial unstressed design, the axial thermal stress that does not have mechanical pretightening force and produce because of burning.
Description of drawings
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and case study on implementation.
Fig. 1 is the external view of inner carrier link component A;
Fig. 2 is the surface structure view of inner carrier link component A;
Fig. 3 is the outward appearance decomposition view of inner carrier link component A;
Wherein decomposition view is arranged with order according to the direction of element installation, and sectional view is a split surface with the centre face that is parallel to inner carrier pin 10 central shafts; Arrow in the subdivision view is represented the flow direction of cooling liquid;
Fig. 4 is the external view of outer piston link component B;
Fig. 5 is the topology view of outer piston link component B;
Fig. 6 is the outward appearance subdivision view of outer piston link component B;
Wherein decomposition view is arranged with order according to the direction of element installation, and the subdivision view is a split surface with the centre face perpendicular to outer piston pin 17 center lines; Arrow in the subdivision view is represented the flow direction of internal piston cooling liquid;
Fig. 7 is the external view of cylinder liner assembly C;
Fig. 8 is the surface structure view of cylinder liner assembly C;
Fig. 9 is the outward appearance decomposition view of cylinder liner assembly C;
Wherein decomposition view is arranged with order according to the installation direction of element, and the subdivision view is a split surface with the cylinder axis face perpendicular to crankshaft axis; The direction of arrow in the subdivision view is represented the airflow direction of cylinder intake and exhaust;
Figure 10 is the structural drawing of bent axle D;
Figure 11 is the unit crank view of bent axle D;
Three crank pins are formed a unit, are connected with four piston rod parts in the opposed cylinder in the left and right sides, and crank pin 26 is connected with inside connecting rod, and crank pin 27 is connected with outside connecting rod;
Figure 12 is the complete layout of opposed pistons;
Figure 13 is the complete layout of opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine;
Figure 14 is partial view _ 1 of opposed pistons and opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine;
This type comprises a bent axle D, four cylinder assembly C, four inner carrier link assembly A and four outer piston link assembly B; In the actual engineering even number cylinder C can only be set; Partial view _ when 1 expression piston is positioned at the expansion stop, the relative position of gas port and piston;
Figure 15 is the comparison diagram of gas force and main bearing load.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons of the present invention is described.
Fig. 1-3 has represented the inner carrier linkage mechanism A of the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons, and its critical piece comprises: at the bottom of 1 piston head, 2 adjustment pads, 3 inner carriers, 4 piston bolts, 5 connecting rods, 6 connecting rod tip bolts, 7 connecting rod tips, 8 wrist-pin end of connecting rod bolts, 9 gudgeon pin bearings, 10 wrist pins, 11 locked spacers.
With reference to Fig. 3, in the internal combustion engine operation process, the gas force that acts on the piston head 1 is delivered to inner carrier crank pin 26 through connecting rod 5, drives the external output work of bent axle D.The length of inside connecting rod 5 and size can change according to engine design and operations specification.Connecting rod preferentially uses I-shape construction, and centre-drilling hole is used to carry the medium on lube pistons pin cooling piston top.The small end of connecting rod 5 is preferentially selected the design of half-watt formula for use, to bear the unidirectional gas force load that piston transmits.The flank hole of connecting rod 5 is to satisfy the connection request of connecting-rod bolts 8 and inner carrier pin 10.The profile of piston head is selected suitable shape according to the needs of burning.
With reference to the decomposition view of Fig. 1, the wrist pin 10 of inner carrier A is positioned in the gudgeon pin bearing 9 through back-up ring 11, and its bottom is drilled with tapped hole, is connected with connecting rod through bolt 8.Gudgeon pin bearing 9 internal surfaces have the groove of lubricated usefulness, and the double cooling liquid of doing of oiling agent is through the boring entering piston head at top.
With reference to the subdivision view of Fig. 2, piston head 1 with 3 be connected at the bottom of the piston through bolt 4, piston head 1 has 10 radially stiffening ribs near the back side of piston head, muscle is as load-carrying unit and be formed for the coolant flow passages of piston cooling.Muscle both can increase piston head cooling heat dissipation face, improved piston head rigidity again, improved the transmission of piston head to skirt section power.The quantity of muscle, length and shape can change according to engine design and operations specification.The cooling liquid of from connecting rod, importing enters into cooling chamber, takes away unnecessary heat through the convection heat exchange that to-and-fro motion produces, and keeps piston at suitable operating temperature state.Cooling liquid after the work flows out piston through 3 boring at the bottom of the piston, is scraped by the scraper ring of piston bottom (not drawing among the figure) attached to the freezing mixture on cylinder liner 20 inwalls, imports the oil sump of body, recycles after the cooling.
Fig. 6 has represented the outer piston linkage mechanism B of the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons; Its critical piece comprises: at the bottom of 12 outside connecting rods, 13 connecting rod tips lid, 14 outer pistons top, 15 outer piston link assemblies, 16 adjustment pads, 17 outer piston pins, 18 outer piston pin bearings, 19 outer pistons, and 20 piston bolts.
With reference to Fig. 4 outer piston connecting rod view, the gas force that acts on the outer piston top is delivered on the outer piston crank pin 27 through outside connecting rod, drives the external output work of bent axle D.The length of outside connecting rod 12 and size change according to the design and the operations specification of motor, note when design, noting avoiding the interference with air intake casing 24.The shape of connecting rod is preferentially selected I-shape construction for use, and centre-drilling hole carries to be used to the medium that cools off and lubricate.Connecting rod tip adopts half subdivision structure, uses bolt to be connected with the outer piston crank pin.Outside connecting rod small end and outer piston pin 17 adopt the shape fit.
With reference to the subdivision view of Fig. 5, the structure on outer piston top 23 and methods for cooling all with inner carrier push up 1 identical.The cooling of outer piston is with lubricated similar with the form of inner carrier, and the medium of carrying through connecting rod is used for the cooling of piston and lubricated simultaneously, and the medium after the work imports to the oil sump cooling through oil circuit and recycles afterwards.Note, should note guaranteeing the size and the accuracy of form and position of outer piston connecting rod in the course of working, guarantee the stressed even of single connecting rod.
Fig. 9 representes the cylinder assembly C of the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons, and its critical piece comprises: 20 cylinder liner, 21 fuel injector sealing devices, 22 oil sprayers, 23 air outlet flues, 24 intake ducts, 25 cylinder conformal devices.
With reference to partial view _ 1 of Fig. 7 decomposition view, Fig. 8 subdivision view and Figure 14, cylinder liner 20 adopts unstressed design, the stress that on axial direction, does not produce because of gas force or installation pretightening force.Cylinder liner 20 uses convex shoulder and body to carry out axially locating and support, is provided with radial support in other position of its outer wall.The outer installment of cylinder liner 20 has cooling water chamber, and cylinder is implemented to force cooling.In order to satisfy the structural requirement of outer piston, the outside casing wall of cylinder liner 20 has otch, moves reciprocatingly with the outer piston pin 17 that holds outer piston link assembly B.Cylinder conformal device 25 is used to guarantee the circularity of cylinder, avoids the distortion of cylinder liner 20 to make the wear of piston-rings aggravation.Its shape can design according to actual conditions accordingly.
Figure 10 representes the bent axle D member of the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons, comprising: 26 inner carrier pins, 27 outer piston pins, 28 main bearings.
According to the structural type of opposed-piston diesel, the crankweb radius is 1/4 of a stroke.Two opposed cylinders are as one group, and shared three crank pins are comprising an inner carrier pin 26 and two outer piston pins 27.Be drilled with oilhole in main journal, crank web and the crankweb, be used for carrying cooling and lubricant medium.Be connected with two connecting rods on each crankweb, oilhole is arranged on the minimum corresponding crankshaft angles of bearing load.
Figure 12 has showed the layout plan of the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons.This model adopts four cylinder settings, as required, can adopt even number arrangements such as 2,4,6,8 cylinders in the actual engineering.The order that cylinder is got angry is 1-3-2-4, guarantees the diesel engine traveling comfort.
Figure 15 has represented the comparison diagram of main bearing load and gas force load.Because what inner carrier and outer piston received is a pair of active force and reaction force, the load that therefore main bearing is produced is quite little, helps improving the machine life of diesel engine.
Contrast Figure 12, this explanation hypothesis use compression ignition engine, its for illustrative purposes only with example, also be spark ignition engines.The opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons that the design proposes can be used for multiple occasion, comprise various self powered heavy duty engineering vehicles, instrument, autocracy require within the miscellaneous equipment of conveying rotating power or on.Typically comprise wheeled, crawler or rail motorcar (like truck, tank, train etc.), aircraft, boats and ships power generating equipment or main propelling machinery.
The above; Be merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention; But protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; Any technician who is familiar with the present technique field is equal to replacement or change according to technological scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons is characterized in that: have that bent axle is installed at the center and the opposed two stroke engine of the opposed cylinder of isolating with mechanical stress.
2. the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described biconjugate put cylinder respectively level be installed on the both sides of bent axle, two opposed pistonss are arranged in each cylinder, the connecting rod through separately is connected with bent axle.
3. the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the double air valve of doing of described piston, the switching of control gas port realizes two stroke cycle.
4. the opposed cylinder internal-combustion engine of opposed pistons according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the corresponding one group of biconjugate of three cranks of the bent axle that install at described center is put cylinder, connects four pistons in the cylinder through connecting rod.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201120491159XU CN202417707U (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201120491159XU CN202417707U (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN202417707U true CN202417707U (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201120491159XU Expired - Fee Related CN202417707U (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Opposed-piston and opposed-cylinder internal-combustion engine |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103032162A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-10 | 中国兵器工业集团第七○研究所 | Reciprocating inertial force balance mechanism of internal-combustion engine |
| CN103925099A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-16 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Engine body combined structure suitable for horizontally-opposed two-stroke engine |
| CN104373209A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-25 | 游涛 | Horizontally-opposite Tai Chi engine |
| CN105569808A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽中鼎动力有限公司 | Water bridge of two-stroke opposed-piston, opposed-cylinder |
| CN106715866A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-05-24 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | Opposed piston engine with pistons having conical recesses therein |
-
2011
- 2011-12-01 CN CN201120491159XU patent/CN202417707U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103032162A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-10 | 中国兵器工业集团第七○研究所 | Reciprocating inertial force balance mechanism of internal-combustion engine |
| CN103925099A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-16 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Engine body combined structure suitable for horizontally-opposed two-stroke engine |
| CN106715866A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-05-24 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | Opposed piston engine with pistons having conical recesses therein |
| CN106715866B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2019-06-21 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | Piston opposed engine including the piston wherein with tapered recess |
| CN104373209A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-25 | 游涛 | Horizontally-opposite Tai Chi engine |
| CN104373209B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-06-29 | 游涛 | Horizontally-opposed Tai Ji electromotor |
| CN105569808A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽中鼎动力有限公司 | Water bridge of two-stroke opposed-piston, opposed-cylinder |
| CN105569808B (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-09-04 | 安徽中鼎动力有限公司 | A kind of water bridge of the horizontally-opposed piston of two-stroke, opposed-cylinder engine |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120905 Termination date: 20121201 |