CN202324182U - Steel-framework concrete structural system - Google Patents
Steel-framework concrete structural system Download PDFInfo
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- CN202324182U CN202324182U CN2011204661819U CN201120466181U CN202324182U CN 202324182 U CN202324182 U CN 202324182U CN 2011204661819 U CN2011204661819 U CN 2011204661819U CN 201120466181 U CN201120466181 U CN 201120466181U CN 202324182 U CN202324182 U CN 202324182U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a steel-framework concrete structural system, which consists of a house steel framework and cast-in-place concrete totally wrapping the house steel framework, wherein the house steel framework comprises a floorslab steel framework, a roofing board steel framework and a wall board steel framework; the cast-in-place concrete is common concrete, and the house steel framework is a heavy steel framework; or the cast-in-place concrete is light-weight concrete, and the house steel framework is a light steel framework; the floorslab steel framework and the roofing board steel framework comprise transverse steel frameworks and upper and lower side skin materials fixedly connected to the upper sides and the lower sides of the transverse steel frameworks; and the wall board steel framework comprises a vertical steel framework and left and right side skin materials fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the vertical steel framework. The structural system has the characteristics of low carbon, environment friendliness, small number of site workers, high construction speed and low comprehensive cost, can be widely applied to general civil buildings, in particular to house buildings, and can make residents feel safer and more comfortable.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of new structure system, the steel structure concrete structural system of particularly a kind of suitable industrialization of construction industry, housing industrialization.
Background technology
Steel and concrete combined structure roughly have following five kinds of forms at home and abroad:
1, steel plate rolling becomes the compoboard that profiled sheet and concrete cast-in-situ form.This form profiled sheet just uses as template; Do not consider that operational phase profiled sheet and concrete are stressed jointly, this compoboard cooperates with steel work, and speed of application is fast; But it is obviously do not alleviate deadweight, and higher than reinforced concrete floor steel framework price.
2, the cast-in-place compound beam that forms of shaped steel and concrete (in the top flange of girder steel).Because the concrete effect in top flange is compared with the clean steel beam, obviously reduces deck-molding, but need special fire prevention measure.
3, shaped steel is imbedded steel reinforced concrete or the steel reinforced concrete structure that forms in the concrete.This form is for whole co-operation, and member section generally need add stirrup and reinforcing bar.Compare with concrete structure and can reduce member section, increase the house usable floor area, the formed steel construction member can be done template and support, and it is good that ductility improves anti-seismic performance; Compare with steel work, it is good that shaped steel is imbedded the concrete fireproofing anticorrosive property, and shortcoming is still to need formwork, assembling reinforcement, and the site operation amount is big.
4, the encased structures that forms at the steel duct fluid concrete.This form combined strength and rigidity are high, save steel than steel work, and the good anti-seismic performance of ductility improves, and fire line and anti-corrosive properties are better than steel work.But steel pipe mainly is that pipe is main at present, is difficult to form good flexural member, and bean column node and wallboard steel framework node also do not have fine solution.
5, ladle is at the outside encased steel concrete structure that forms of concrete.This is a kind of novel steel structure concrete structure form, and the departments such as electric power, oil and chemical industry that are mainly used in need to solve a large amount of built-in fittings and grow up in industrial construction.The mechanical property of this structure is superior to concrete structure, and fireproof performance is superior to full steel structure, but still needs to consider fire prevention and anti-corrosion problem.
This shows; Various steel and concrete combined structure all have advantage separately; But also there is some deficiency; Therefore a kind of advantage that makes full use of steel work and concrete structure of utility model, and it is most important to developing the steel concrete combining structure to remedy the new structure of above-mentioned steel and concrete combined structure deficiency.
The utility model content
The purpose of the utility model provides a kind of steel structure concrete structural system, solve deficiency and the later period maintenance costly technical problem of simple lightweight steel construction at aspects such as fire prevention, antirust, anticorrosion, water resistance and thermal and insulating performances; Also to solve the on-the-spot problem that recruitment is many, working procedure is many, speed of application is slow of conventional steel tendon concrete structure or brick mix structure.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The utility model adopts following technical scheme: a kind of steel structure concrete structural system; Form by house steel framework and the cast-in-situ concrete that wraps house steel framework fully; Said house steel framework includes floor steel framework, roofing slab framework and wallboard steel framework, it is characterized in that: said cast-in-situ concrete is ordinary concrete, the house steel framework steel framework of attaching most importance to; Or cast-in-situ concrete is light weight concrete construction, and house steel framework is light steel framework.
Said floor steel framework and roofing slab framework include horizontal steelframe and are fixedly connected on the horizontal steelframe upper and lower sides skin material of both sides up and down; Said horizontal steelframe is by one group of steel disc beam spaced apart and be fixedly connected on one group of steel disc beam spaced apart between the steel disc beam and laterally support and form, and wherein the steel disc beam is by two steel disc beam shaped steel be fixedly connected on two steel disc beam junction plates between the steel disc beam shaped steel and form.
Said wallboard steel framework comprises vertical steelframe and the left and right sides skin material that is fixedly connected on the vertical steelframe left and right sides; Said vertical steelframe is by one group of steel disc post spaced apart and be fixedly connected on steel disc post between the steel disc post laterally support is or/and the oblique support of steel disc post is formed, and wherein the steel disc post is by two steel disc column type steel be fixedly connected on two steel disc post junction plates between the steel disc column type steel and form.
Said house steel framework also can include insulated column steel framework and independent joist steel framework; Said insulated column steel framework and independent joist steel framework include independent steelframe be fixedly connected on around the independent steelframe around skin material, wherein independent steelframe is made up of four independent shaped steel and the independent shaped steel junction plate that is fixedly connected between the adjacent two independent shaped steel.
Said independent shaped steel can be hot-rolled angle steel, hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, clod wash angle steel, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel or clod wash rectangular steel tube, and said independent shaped steel junction plate can be steel disc, batten plate or lacing.
Skin material can be expanded metal lath or gauze wire cloth around said.
The horizontal support of said steel disc post can have two, and one is clipped in the top of steel disc post, the bottom that another root is clipped in the steel disc post.
Said steel disc beam shaped steel and steel disc column type steel can be hot-rolled angle steel, hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, hot rolling round steel pipe, clod wash angle steel, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel, clod wash rectangular steel tube or clod wash round steel pipe; Said steel disc beam junction plate and steel disc post junction plate can be steel disc, batten plate or lacing; Said steel disc beam laterally supports, laterally support and the oblique support of steel disc post are hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, hot rolling round steel pipe, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel, clod wash rectangular steel tube or clod wash round steel pipe to the steel disc post.
Said upper and lower sides skin material and left and right sides skin material can be expanded metal lath or gauze wire cloth.
Said fixed connection can be welding, bolt connection, rivet connects or self-tapping screw connects.
Compared with prior art the utlity model has following characteristics and beneficial effect: steel frame section suitability for industrialized production and assembling of the steel structure concrete structure of the utility model in the workshop, work efficiency improves greatly, can reduce the amount of labour used, shortens total time of construction; Adopt cast-in-situ concrete parcel steel framework; Not only retrain the bending deformation of steel framework in wall, board plane; Reduce the pressure and the supporting rod of steel framework; Reduce steel using amount, also remedied the deficiency and the high shortcoming of later period maintenance expense of pure steel structure fire prevention, rustless property, efficiently solve the fire prevention and the anti-corrosion problem of pure steel structure; Steel structure concrete structure also obviously is being superior to pure steel structure aspect insulation, heat insulation, the sound insulation value; Steel structure concrete structure steel and concrete are born stressed jointly, and combined strength is high, and ductility is good, and anti-seismic performance is superior; The concrete of steel structure concrete structure partly adopts cast-in-site, strengthens the globality of structure, and water resistance is superior to pure steel structure and prefabricated concrete structure; Steel structure concrete structure floor steel framework has the solid sense identical with concrete structure with body of wall, and is better than pure steel structure and comfortable for living property.In addition, the structural element that requires for differing heights and different parts can adopt the concrete of different unit weights, effectively reduces dead load, reduces basis and foundation construction expense.
The utility model structural system almost possesses whole advantages of steel concrete and steel work and has overcome its great deficiency; Have low-carbon environment-friendly, on-the-spot recruitment is few, speed of application is fast, integrated cost is low characteristics; Its suitability for industrialized production degree is higher; Meet the requirement of China's industrialization of construction industry and housing industrialization; The construction technology of part factory process part cast-in-site is that housing industrialization has been opened up new way, can be widely used in particularly dwelling house class building of general civilian construction, and can make the occupants feel safer and comfortable.
Selection of the present invention is wider, and steel not only can use light steel can also use heavy steel; Concrete not only can use light concrete, also can be the higher ordinary concretes of various intensity, so not only makes the selection range of steel structure concrete structural system wider, structural system can broader applications in multilayer and highrise building.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is done further detailed explanation.
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of having used the house of floor steel framework, roofing slab framework and wallboard steel framework.
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of steel disc beam embodiment one.
Fig. 3 is the schematic perspective view of steel disc beam embodiment two.
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of steel disc beam embodiment three.
Fig. 5 is the schematic perspective view of steel disc post.
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of insulated column.
Fig. 7 is the section structure sketch map of insulated column.
Fig. 8 is the perspective view of isolated beam.
Fig. 9 is the section structure sketch map of isolated beam.
Figure 10 is the perspective view of wallboard embodiment one.
Figure 11 is the perspective view of wallboard embodiment two.
Figure 12 is the perspective view of floor.
Reference numeral: 1-floor steel framework; 2-roofing slab framework; 3-wallboard steel framework; 4-insulated column steel framework; 5-independence joist steel framework; 6-steel disc beam; 6.1-steel disc beam shaped steel; 6.2-steel disc beam junction plate; 7-steel disc beam laterally supports; 8-cast-in-situ concrete; 9-steel disc post; 9.1-steel disc column type steel; 9.2-steel disc post junction plate; 10-steel disc post laterally supports; The oblique support of 11-steel disc post; 12-independence shaped steel; 13-independence shaped steel junction plate; 14-upper and lower sides skin material; 15-left and right sides skin material; Skin material around the 16-.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment is referring to shown in Figure 1, and this steel structure concrete structural system is made up of house steel framework and the cast-in-situ concrete 8 that wraps house steel framework fully, and said house steel framework includes floor steel framework 1, roofing slab framework 2 and wallboard steel framework 3.Said house steel framework has substituted the reinforcing bar in the conventional steel tendon concrete structure, can bear deadweight and working load, and can keep autostability; Said cast-in-situ concrete is used to retrain the bending deformation of house steel framework; Whole loads of operational phase are born in said house steel framework and cast-in-situ concrete 8 jointly, comprise wind load and geological process.
Said cast-in-situ concrete 8 can be ordinary concrete (being the concrete of common volume-weight), attach most importance to steel framework or ordinary steel framework of house steel framework simultaneously, and this structure is applicable to multilayer and highrise building.Cast-in-situ concrete 8 also can be light weight concrete construction (such as foam concrete, light aggregate concrete etc.); House steel framework is light steel framework simultaneously; At this moment; Because the common relatively shaped steel of intensity and the ordinary concrete of light steel and two kinds of materials of light concrete are lower, so this structure is applicable to general civilian construction and light-duty industrial premises.
Referring to Fig. 2-4; Figure 12; Said floor steel framework 1 includes horizontal steelframe and is fixedly connected on the horizontal steelframe upper and lower sides skin material 14 of both sides up and down with roofing slab framework 2; Said horizontal steelframe by one group of steel disc beam 6 spaced apart and be fixedly connected between the steel disc beam 6 one group of steel disc beam spaced apart laterally support 7 form, wherein steel disc beam 6 is by two steel disc beam shaped steel 6.1 be fixedly connected on two steel disc beam junction plates 6.2 between the steel disc beam shaped steel and form.
Referring to Fig. 5, Figure 10, Figure 11; Said wallboard steel framework 3 comprises vertical steelframe and the left and right sides skin material 15 that is fixedly connected on the vertical steelframe left and right sides; Vertical steelframe is by one group of steel disc post 9 spaced apart and be fixedly connected on steel disc post between the steel disc post 9 laterally support 10 and/or the oblique support 11 of steel disc post are formed; Wherein steel disc post 9 is by two steel disc column type steel 9.1 be fixedly connected on two steel disc post junction plates 9.2 between the steel disc column type steel and form; In the present embodiment, steel disc post laterally support 10 has two, and one is clipped in the top of steel disc post, the bottom that another root is clipped in the steel disc post.
Referring to Figure 10, in embodiment one, vertical steelframe by one group of steel disc post 9 spaced apart and be fixedly connected between the steel disc post 9 the steel disc post laterally support 10 form.Referring to Figure 11, in embodiment two, vertical steelframe is by one group of steel disc post 9 spaced apart and be fixedly connected on steel disc post between the steel disc post 9 laterally support 10 and the oblique support 11 of steel disc post are formed.In addition, in other embodiments, vertical steelframe can also be made up of one group of steel disc post 9 spaced apart and the oblique support 11 of steel disc post that is fixedly connected between the steel disc post 9.
Said cast-in-situ concrete 8 is ordinary concrete (being the concrete of common volume-weight) or light weight concrete construction (such as foam concrete, light aggregate concrete etc.), can adopt the concrete of different unit weights for the structural element of the building of differing heights and different parts.
Said upper and lower sides skin material 14 is expanded metal lath or gauze wire cloth etc. with left and right sides skin material 15.Said fixed connection is welding, bolt connection, rivet connection or self-tapping screw connection etc.
Said steel disc beam shaped steel 6.1, steel disc column type steel 9.1 can be hot-rolled angle steel, hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, hot rolling round steel pipe, clod wash angle steel, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel, clod wash rectangular steel tube or clod wash round steel pipe, perhaps more than various dissimilar combinations.Referring to Fig. 2, in embodiment one, steel disc beam shaped steel 6.1 is the hot rolling rectangular steel tube.Referring to Fig. 3, in embodiment two, steel disc beam shaped steel 6.1 is hot-rolled steel channel.In embodiment three, steel disc beam shaped steel 6.1 is hot-rolled angle steel.
The laterally support 7 of said steel disc beam, steel disc post laterally support 10 and the oblique support 11 of steel disc post can be hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, hot rolling round steel pipe, clod wash angle steel, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, cold curved H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel, clod wash rectangular steel tube or clod wash round steel pipe, perhaps more than various dissimilar combinations.In the present embodiment, the hot rolling rectangular steel tube has all been adopted in the laterally support 7 of steel disc beam, the horizontal support 10 of steel disc post and the oblique support 11 of steel disc post.
Said steel disc beam junction plate 6.2 can be steel disc, batten plate or lacing etc. with steel disc post junction plate 9.2.
When being provided with cantilevered structure such as awning as the house, said house steel framework can also comprise insulated column steel framework 4 and independent joist steel framework 5.Referring to Fig. 6-9; Said insulated column steel framework 4 and independent joist steel framework 5 include independent steelframe be fixedly connected on around the independent steelframe around skin material 16, wherein independent steelframe is made up of four independent shaped steel 12 and the independent shaped steel junction plate 13 that is fixedly connected between the adjacent two independent shaped steel 12.Said independent shaped steel junction plate 13 can be steel disc, batten plate or lacing.Skin material 16 is expanded metal lath or gauze wire cloth around said.
Said independent shaped steel 12 can be hot-rolled angle steel, hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, hot rolling round steel pipe, clod wash angle steel, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel, clod wash rectangular steel tube or clod wash round steel pipe.In the present embodiment, the independent shaped steel 12 in the insulated column steel framework 4 is hot-rolled angle steel, and the independent shaped steel 12 in the independent joist steel framework 5 is the hot rolling rectangular steel tube.
Said floor steel framework is connected with the top of insulated column steel framework or the top of wallboard steel framework with roofing slab framework, and floor steel framework and roofing slab framework can be cast as one with independent joist steel framework.
The shaped steel of the different cross section that above accompanying drawing shows and the exemplary embodiments that connected mode is the utility model, and the enforcement of the utility model is not limited to above embodiment.
The job practices of described steel structure concrete structural system has two kinds; First kind of job practices is that layering is installed and fluid concrete; Its construction sequence is following: step 1, according to design blanking operation drawing, and at the oblique support of the laterally support 7 of factory industry production steel disc beam shaped steel 6.1, steel disc beam junction plate 6.2, steel disc beam, steel disc column type steel 9.1, steel disc post junction plate 9.2, the laterally support 10 of steel disc post, steel disc post 11, upper and lower sides skin material 14 and left and right sides skin material 15.
Second kind of job practices is that a multilayer is installed concreting successively again; Its construction sequence is following: step 1, according to design blanking operation drawing, and at the oblique support of the laterally support 7 of factory industry production steel disc beam shaped steel 6.1, steel disc beam junction plate 6.2, steel disc beam, steel disc column type steel 9.1, steel disc post junction plate 9.2, the laterally support 10 of steel disc post, steel disc post 11, upper and lower sides skin material 14 and left and right sides skin material 15.
It can be wooden form, steel form or other composite material templates that template is used in said turnover, and said disposable template can be cement fibrolite plate or indoor and outdoor decorative panel etc.
Claims (8)
1. steel structure concrete structural system; Form by house steel framework and the cast-in-situ concrete (8) that wraps house steel framework fully; Said house steel framework includes floor steel framework (1), roofing slab framework (2) and wallboard steel framework (3), it is characterized in that:
Said cast-in-situ concrete (8) is ordinary concrete, the house steel framework steel framework of attaching most importance to; Or cast-in-situ concrete (8) is light weight concrete construction, and house steel framework is light steel framework;
Said floor steel framework (1) and roofing slab framework (2) include horizontal steelframe and are fixedly connected on the horizontal steelframe upper and lower sides skin material (14) of both sides up and down; Said horizontal steelframe is by one group of steel disc beam (6) spaced apart and be fixedly connected on one group of steel disc beam spaced apart between the steel disc beam (6) and laterally support (7) and form, and wherein steel disc beam (6) is by two steel disc beam shaped steel (6.1) be fixedly connected on two steel disc beam junction plates (6.2) between the steel disc beam shaped steel and form;
Said wallboard steel framework (3) comprises vertical steelframe and the left and right sides skin material (15) that is fixedly connected on the vertical steelframe left and right sides; Said vertical steelframe laterally supports (10) or/and the oblique support of steel disc post (11) is formed by one group of steel disc post (9) spaced apart and the steel disc post that is fixedly connected between the steel disc post (9), and wherein steel disc post (9) is by two steel disc column type steel (9.1) be fixedly connected on two steel disc post junction plates (9.2) between the steel disc column type steel and form.
2. steel structure concrete structural system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said house steel framework also includes insulated column steel framework (4) and independent joist steel framework (5); Said insulated column steel framework (4) and independent joist steel framework (5) include independent steelframe be fixedly connected on around the independent steelframe around skin material (16), wherein independent steelframe is made up of four independent shaped steel (12) and the independent shaped steel junction plate (13) that is fixedly connected between the adjacent two independent shaped steel (12).
3. steel structure concrete structural system according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said independent shaped steel (12) is hot-rolled angle steel, hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, clod wash angle steel, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel or clod wash rectangular steel tube, and said independent shaped steel junction plate (13) is steel disc, batten plate or lacing.
4. steel structure concrete structural system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: skin material (16) is expanded metal lath or gauze wire cloth around said.
5. steel structure concrete structural system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said steel disc post laterally supports (10) has two, and one is clipped in the top of steel disc post, the bottom that another root is clipped in the steel disc post.
6. steel structure concrete structural system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said steel disc beam shaped steel (6.1) and steel disc column type steel (9.1) are hot-rolled angle steel, hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, hot rolling round steel pipe, clod wash angle steel, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel, clod wash rectangular steel tube or clod wash round steel pipe; Said steel disc beam junction plate (6.2) and steel disc post junction plate (9.2) are steel disc, batten plate or lacing; Said steel disc beam laterally supports (7), steel disc post and laterally supports (10) and the oblique support of steel disc post (11) and be hot rolling C shaped steel, hot rolling i iron, hot rolled H-shaped, hot-rolled steel channel, hot-rolled sheet strip steel, hot rolling rectangular steel tube, hot rolling round steel pipe, clod wash C shaped steel, clod wash i iron, clod wash H shaped steel, clod wash channel-section steel, clod wash strip steel, clod wash rectangular steel tube or clod wash round steel pipe.
7. steel structure concrete structural system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said upper and lower sides skin material (14) and left and right sides skin material (15) are expanded metal lath or gauze wire cloth.
8. steel structure concrete structural system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said fixed connection is for welding, bolt connect, rivet connects or self-tapping screw connects.
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Cited By (8)
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CN102493548A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-13 | 中国建筑技术集团有限公司 | Steel structure concrete structure system and construction method thereof |
CN102864838A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 上海现代华盖建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Collapse-preventing portal frame |
CN103225344A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-07-31 | 东北石油大学 | Hollow steel section-concrete combined framework and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102493548A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-13 | 中国建筑技术集团有限公司 | Steel structure concrete structure system and construction method thereof |
CN102864838A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 上海现代华盖建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Collapse-preventing portal frame |
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CN103225344B (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2015-02-11 | 东北石油大学 | Hollow steel section-concrete combined framework and construction method thereof |
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CN107882006A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-06 | 中建钢构有限公司 | A kind of combining structure of composite panel and steel member |
CN108018942A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-11 | 茅金声 | A kind of light-gauge steel section integrated house frame and its building method |
CN108018942B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2024-01-30 | 茅金声 | Thin-wall steel integrated house frame and construction method thereof |
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CN111980295A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-24 | 长安大学 | Truss structure adopting rectangular steel pipe concrete chord member with batten plate openings |
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