CN202278158U - High-melting-point metal mold shell internal stress-free rapid manufacturing equipment - Google Patents
High-melting-point metal mold shell internal stress-free rapid manufacturing equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN202278158U CN202278158U CN2011204704871U CN201120470487U CN202278158U CN 202278158 U CN202278158 U CN 202278158U CN 2011204704871 U CN2011204704871 U CN 2011204704871U CN 201120470487 U CN201120470487 U CN 201120470487U CN 202278158 U CN202278158 U CN 202278158U
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 85
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- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high melting point metal mold shell internal stress free rapid manufacturing equipment, it makes fastly, and the cycle is short, and is with low costs, possess longer mould life-span simultaneously. The spray gun is connected with a filter, an oil-water separator and a gas compressor through pipelines, the gas compressor is connected with a gas storage tank, and a gas regulating device is arranged on the pipeline; the spray gun is symmetrically arranged on a pair of current-conducting nozzles in the insulating block, a compressed gas nozzle is arranged between the two current-conducting nozzles, and the included angle theta of the two current-conducting nozzles is 30-60 degrees; a spraying metal wire is arranged in each conductive nozzle and is connected with a wire feeding mechanism, and the diameter D of each conductive nozzle is 1.2-1.5 times of that of the spraying metal wire; the two conductive nozzles are respectively provided with a power-saving block which is connected with a cable.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the manufacturing approach and the equipment of fast mould, and particularly a kind of refractory metal mould shell internal stress free is made equipment fast.
Background technology
The metal arc spraying rapid die-manufacturing technology is a kind of mold making technology based on " duplicating "; It with a mock-up (or being called prototype) as master mold; With electric arc is thermal source,, and makes its injection, is deposited on the master mold surface the atomizing of the metal material of molten condition through high velocity air; Form certain thickness compact metal shell, i.e. the mould shell.The mould shell has accurately copied the shape of prototype, has obtained required mold cavity, after accomplishing aftertreatment technologys such as reinforcement, the demoulding, polishing, can accomplish the quick manufacturing of mould.The manufacturing of electric arc spraying mould generally no longer needs additional machining after accomplishing, and just can directly be used for being shaped making.Also can carry out the numerical control fine finishining of few cutting output according to actual conditions and needs, therefore, the electric arc spraying mold making technology comes down to a kind of " near-net-shape mold making technology ".
The metal spraying mould is standard with the master mold, and mold cavity size, geometric accuracy depend on master mold fully, and mold cavity surface and meticulous decorative pattern thereof once form simultaneously; So molding speed is fast, the manufacturing cycle is short, and cost is low; Have long die life simultaneously; Manufacturing cycle is about the half the of traditional digital control processing, and manufacturing expense can be saved more than 25% at least, becomes the important channel of new product development and small lot batch manufacture.Mold surface finish is good; Technology is simple; Equipment requirements is low; Relatively be suitable for the quick manufacturing of injection mold, compression mod, sheet-metal press working mould, complicated and have in blowing, plastic uptake, PVC injection, PU foaming and all kinds of injecting molding die of the various polyurethane products of meticulous decorative pattern in surface configuration, the characteristic details that decorative pattern duplicates even can reach 5 μ m.
This fast mould manufacturing technology has been widely used in industries such as aircraft, automobile, household electrical appliances, furniture, shoemaking, artistic handicraft using at present.In the U.S. and coastal area of southeastern China, manufacturer has all adopted the electric arc spraying mould to produce on its automatic moulding production equipment at the bottom of nearly all polyurethane shoe.In automobile making, can be used for producing control wheel, automobile instrument panel, cushion, head cushion, spoiler, automotive trim ceiling etc.In recent years; The electric arc spraying mold making technology has begun to be used to make stamping die of automotive covering part; Sprayed on material is different, and intensity, hardness, precision and the life-span of spraying mould also are not quite similar, thereby range of application also there are differences; The trial-production that is suitable for the automobile sample car that has, have in addition can on production line, substitute traditional steel mold and produce.
At home; The material of spraying molding mainly is middle low-melting-point metal; Xi'an Communications University and Yantai Machinery Technology Inst. are domestic research and development unit the earliest; Advanced manufacturing technology research institute of Xi'an Communications University; Since the nineties, technology for quickly manufacturing models such as surface forming mold making technology, low-melting alloy cast molding mold making technology and resin mould mold making technology have been carried out long term studies and practice, and (the ZL200810232335.0 that on metal spraying by electric arc moulding Rapid tooling, has utility model patent; ZL03134500.X).Drag in ChangAn Automobile, Luoyang one, on enterprise application such as marine suitable, the little vapour in Liuzhou.Through trial-production check, the 3D data of qualified fast mould are used for making producing in enormous quantities use steel mold, can avoid in the design of steel mold and makes repeatedly, guarantees that the steel mold time processing is successful.
Because sprayed on material be in the pseudo-alloy of low-melting Zn and Al; Intensity and hardness are relatively low; Die life is shorter, and prepared mould can only be used for trial production of new products and small lot batch manufacture, and can not make large mold; The full-sized car cladding member mold that particularly drawing coefficient is bigger has seriously restricted application and the development of Rapid Manufacturing Technology in mould is made.
The arc spraying technology of high-melting-point, high hardness material is realized than being easier on metal mother, but at the surperficial mfg. moulding die shell of nonmetal master mold, is had big difficulty on the technology.For example; Refractory metal such as carbon steel, steel alloy when spraying shell shrinkage factor, thermal stress, porosity all bigger; Shell is easy to crack, warpage, peel off, and the mould shell is made difficulty, and technological parameter control is difficult to grasp; Distortion of mould shell and internal stress are all bigger, can't satisfy the commercial production needs.
The utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of refractory metal mould shell internal stress free to make equipment fast to the deficiency that middle low-melting-point metal electric arc spraying Rapid tooling exists, and its manufacturing speed is fast, and the cycle is short, and cost is low, has long die life simultaneously.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of refractory metal mould shell internal stress free quick manufacturing process, concrete preparation process is:
The texturing processing procedure of said step 1 is: utilize the Compressed Gas of pressure 0.2～1.3Mpa carry fine abrasive that particle diameter is 10～50 μ m, through nozzle with the high speed of 150～180m/s to the friction texturing process of master mold surface, make master mold surface roughness Ra value reach 3.2-12.5 μ m.
Said refractory metal sprayed on material is a carbon steel, and the mass fraction of carbon is 1.0-1.4%, and hardness is 180-210HB.
When said refractory metal mould shell prepared, the temperature that spraying particle arrives master mold or established shell surface was 2400-2700 ℃, and spraying particle bump master mold or the speed that has formed shell are 60-75m/s; The solid phase mass fraction that spraying particle arrives master mold or established shell surface is 40-60%; The cooling velocity that spraying particle arrives master mold or established shell surface is (0.8-1.6) * 10
5K/s.
Described spray gun translational speed is 0.2-0.6m/s.
The employed Compressed Gas of described electric arc spraying is an inert gas.
The spray angle of described spray gun is 85-89 °, and the spray angle of spray gun is the center line of spray gun outlet and the angle between the tangent line of master mold surface.
A kind of refractory metal mould shell internal stress free quick manufacturing process is with equipment, and it comprises spray gun, and spray gun is connected with filter, oil water separator, gas compressor through pipeline, and gas compressor is connected with air accumulator, on pipeline, is provided with air regulating device; Said spray gun symmetry is installed in the pair of conductive mouth in the collets, is provided with the Compressed Gas nozzle between two ignition tips, and the angle theta of two ignition tips is between 30 °～60 °; Be provided with the spray metal silk in each ignition tip, the spray metal silk is connected with wire feeder, and the diameter D of ignition tip is 1.2-1.5 a times of spray metal filament diameter; Be respectively equipped with the economize on electricity piece on two ignition tips, the economize on electricity piece is connected with cable.
The pipeline that said spray gun is connected with filter is provided with Pressure gauge, pressure-reducing valve and safety valve and gate valve; Pipeline between oil water separator and the gas compressor is provided with check valve; Compressed Gas jet expansion side at collets is provided with the arc light cover; Wire feeder has two, and their structures are identical, is made up of the wire pushing roller of wire leading pipe and cooperation with it, and cooperates with corresponding ignition tip respectively.
Described Compressed Gas nozzle is made up of stable section, contraction section, throat, expansion segment, the diameter D of stable section
0With throat diameter D
1Ratio is 1.6-2; The length L of stable section
0With the contraction section length L
1Ratio 2-2.8; The diameter D of expansion segment
2With throat diameter D
1Ratio is 1.3-1.5; The length L of contraction section
1With the expansion segment length L
2Ratio 1.2-1.5.
The principle of the utility model is: in thermal spray process; The process that motlten metal particle hits master mold forms shell is that a temperature has the process than big change; Because the thermophysical property of type shell material and master mold material there are differences, and makes shell may produce residual stress.And bigger residual stress is not only restricting the thickness of shell, and is to influence shell bond strength and accuracy factors.The stress that produces in the thermal spraying mainly is divided into three major types:
1) spraying thermal stress.In the thermal spray process, when the high temperature molten drop strikes the master mold surface, in a short period of time with 10
5～10
6℃/speed of s is cooled to the master mold temperature, because the thermal contraction of shell receives the restriction of master mold, thereby forms tension.Available following formula calculates:
σ
q＝TEC
0(T
m-T
s)E
c (1)
In the formula:
σ
q-spraying thermal stress;
TEC
0The linear expansion coefficient of-type shell material;
T
mThe fusing point of-type shell material;
T
s-master mold has deposited the temperature of shell;
E
cThe elastic modelling quantity of-type shell material.
2) cooling stress.Cooling stress is after spraying process finishes, the stress that shell and master mold produce owing to shell is different with the linear expansion coefficient of master mold material in the process of cool to room temperature.This stress can be used computes:
In the formula: σ
Cooling-cooling stress;
T
f, T
R-be respectively shell temperature and room temperature;
α
c, α
s-be respectively the thermal coefficient of expansion of shell and master mold;
t
c, t
s-be respectively the thickness of shell and master mold;
E
c, E
s-be respectively the elastic modelling quantity of shell and master mold.
Because there is tension in the linear expansion coefficient of type shell material greater than the linear expansion coefficient of master mold material in the shell.
3) percussive pressure stress.In spraying process, spraying particle high-speed impact master mold or established shell make master mold or shell because of bearing the stress that particle impacting deforms and produces.
The impact strength of particle is directly proportional with its kinetic energy: the kinetic energy of particle can be expressed as:
In the formula: E
kThe kinetic energy of-particle; The quantity of n-particle; The quality of m-particle; V
nThe speed of-particle hits master mold.
And residual compressive stress and impact strength that bump produces are linear:
σ
peening＝KE
k (4)
In the formula, σ
PeeningThe residual compressive stress that-bump produces; Dynamic factor when K is impact.
Can find out that by formula (3) and (4) particle rapidity is big more, the kinetic energy of particle is also just big more, and the residual compressive stress that produces because of bump like this is also big more.
If obtain the shell of internal stress free, need satisfy following formula:
σ
q+σ
cooling＝σ
peening (5)
The technical scheme that the utility model is taked for this reason is:
(1) texturing of master mold is handled: for adhesive force and the contact area that improves master mold and coating material; Needing that texturing is carried out on the master mold surface handles; Utilize the Compressed Gas of pressure 0.2～1.3Mpa carry fine abrasive that particle diameter is 10～50 μ m, through nozzle with the high speed of 150～180m/s to the friction texturing process of master mold surface, make master mold surface roughness Ra value reach 3.2-12.5 μ m.
(2) the master mold surface alloying is handled: in order to improve the bond strength of coating material and master mold, spraying 2-5mm has the high low-melting nickel alumin(i)um alloy of binding ability on the master mold surface of handling through texturing, or the molybdenum aluminium alloy, or allumen.
(3) high-melting metal arc spraying: refractory metal is sprayed to the master mold surface through Alloying Treatment through arc spraying apparatus; Spray gun moves spray gun according to the master mold contour shape under the control of computer, be thermal source with refractory metal silk material as the electric arc of self-fluxing nature electrode gas discharge generation extreme temperatures; High velocity air through Compressed Gas is with the high melting point metal materials atomizing of molten condition; The spraying particle of fusion is sprayed, is deposited on through on the master mold surface of alloying, after a layer cross section is shaped and accomplishes, workbench decline certain altitude; Descend the spraying of one deck again; So circulate, finally form the compact metal coating of 5-30mm thickness, i.e. the mould shell.
Said refractory metal sprayed on material is a carbon steel, and the mass fraction of carbon is 1.0-1.4%, and hardness is 180-210HB.
When said refractory metal mould shell prepared, the temperature that spraying particle arrives master mold or established shell surface was 2400-2700 ℃, and spraying particle bump master mold or the speed that has formed shell are 60-75m/s.
The solid phase mass fraction that said spraying particle arrives master mold or established shell surface is 40-60%.
Said spray gun translational speed is 0.2-0.6m/s.
The employed Compressed Gas of said electric arc spraying is an inert gas.
The spray angle of said spray gun is 85-89 °, and the spray angle of spray gun is the center line of spray gun outlet and the angle between the tangent line of master mold surface.
The cooling velocity that said spraying particle arrives master mold or established shell surface is (0.8-1.6) * 10
5K/s.
Said arc spraying apparatus is by air accumulator, gas compressor, check valve, oil water separator, filter; Safety valve, gate valve, pressure-reducing valve, Pressure gauge, spray gun constitutes; The gas compressor left end links to each other with air accumulator, and right-hand member links to each other with check valve, the right-hand member of check valve successively and oil water separator, filter, gate valve; Pressure-reducing valve, spray gun is connected, and between gate valve and pressure-reducing valve, connects safety valve, connects Pressure gauge between pressure-reducing valve and the spray gun.
Said spray gun is by the spray metal silk, wire leading pipe, wire pushing roller, economize on electricity piece, cable; Collets, ignition tip, the Compressed Gas nozzle, the arc light cover, molten drop constitutes; The spray metal silk, wire leading pipe, economize on electricity piece, cable; Ignition tip respectively has 2, and with Compressed Gas nozzle symmetric arrangement, wire pushing roller has 4, per 2 constitute a wire feeder; And with symmetric arrangement about the silk of spray metal, the angle theta of two ignition tips is between 30 °～60 °, and the Compressed Gas upstream side of the injector links to each other with pressure-reducing valve left end pipeline, and the diameter D of ignition tip is 1.2-1.5 a times of spray metal filament diameter; Collets inside is equipped with Compressed Gas nozzle and ignition tip, in the outside, collets left side, economize on electricity piece and cable is installed, and the arc light cover is installed in the collets right-hand member outside.
Said Compressed Gas nozzle is made up of stable section, contraction section, throat, expansion segment, the diameter D of stable section
0With throat diameter D
1Ratio is 1.6-2; The length L of stable section
0With the contraction section length L
1Ratio 2-2.8; The diameter D of expansion segment
2With throat diameter D
1Ratio is 1.3-1.5; The length L of contraction section
1With the expansion segment length L
2Ratio 1.2-1.5.
Refractory metal mould shell Rapid Manufacturing Technology is the mold making technology of a kind of " duplicating "; It with a mock-up (or being called prototype) as master mold; With electric arc is thermal source, through the metal material atomizing of high velocity air with molten condition, spraying particle is sprayed, is deposited on the master mold surface; Form certain thickness compact metal coating, i.e. the mould shell.Shell has accurately copied the shape of prototype, has obtained required mold cavity.Master mold can be that rapid prototyping, product are in kind or obtain through High-speed NC Machining.
The manufacturing of electric arc spraying mould shell generally no longer needs additional machining after accomplishing, and just can directly be used for being shaped making.Also can carry out the numerical control fine finishining of few cutting output according to actual conditions and needs, therefore, the electric arc spraying mold making technology comes down to a kind of " near-net-shape mold making technology ".
The beneficial effect of the utility model is: metal spraying mould shell is standard with the master mold, and mold cavity size, geometric accuracy depend on master mold fully, and mold cavity surface and meticulous decorative pattern thereof once form simultaneously; So manufacturing speed is fast, the cycle is short, and cost is low; Have long die life simultaneously; Manufacturing cycle is about the half the of traditional digital control processing, and manufacturing expense can be saved more than 25% at least, becomes the important channel of new product development and small lot batch manufacture.Mold surface finish is good; Technology is simple; Equipment requirements is low; Relatively be suitable for the quick manufacturing of injection mold, compression mod, sheet-metal press working mould, complicated and have in blowing, plastic uptake, PVC injection, PU foaming and all kinds of injecting molding die of the various polyurethane products of meticulous decorative pattern in surface configuration, the characteristic details that decorative pattern duplicates even can reach 5 μ m.
Refractory metal mould shell Rapid Manufacturing Technology is owing to adopt dystectic sprayed on material; It has intensity height, characteristics that wearability is good; The hardness that not only can improve low-melting alloys such as zinc-aluminium is lower, the service life of mould and defective that range of application receives certain limitation, and can replace steel mold to realize the quick manufacturing of full-sized car cladding member mold.
The temperature, the spraying particle that arrive master mold or established shell surface through the spraying particle of control high-melting metal arc spraying arrive the solid phase mass fraction on master mold or established shell surface and the cooling velocity that spraying particle arrives master mold or established shell surface; Make the high-melting-point coating by high temperature in the cooling procedure of low temperature; The volume contraction distortion that is caused because of expanding with heat and contract with cold; Change the cryotron centered cubic lattice into the high temperature austenite face-centered cubic lattice and offset, realize zero deformation manufacturing because of the caused volumetric expansion distortion of structural transformation.
Clash into master mold or formed the speed of shell, the translational speed of spray gun and the spray angle of spray gun through the control spraying particle; Percussive pressure stress that sprays generation and the tension that spraying thermal stress and cooling stress produce are cancelled out each other, realize the internal stress free manufacturing.
The employed Compressed Gas of electric arc spraying is an inert gas; Not only can carry spraying particle and arrive the realization spraying of master mold surface; And inert gas transmits, organizes formation, oxide content, deposition efficiency and substrate temperature that direct influence is all arranged the heat in molten drop atomizing and the deposition process; Reduce Yin Gaowen and overheated and the iron that causes and the oxidation of carbon, help improving the quality of coating.
The case hardness of high-melting metal arc spraying quickly manufacturing mould shell that adopts the utility model scheme is greater than HRC46, free form surface form error＜3% (1m), and the surface roughness Ra value is less than 3.2 μ m.Sheet-metal press working reaches more than 20,000 die life, and cost is saved more than 25% than conventional steel mould at least, and the cycle is reduced to 1/3～1/5.
1-3 can find out that obviously compare with low-melting allumen, intensity, hardness and service life and the die manufacturing cost of high-melting metal arc spraying quickly manufacturing mould shell all have remarkable advantages from table.
Table 1 ZnAl15 and the contrast of T11 strength of coating
Table 2 ZnAl15 and the contrast of T11 hot-spraying coating hardness
Table 3 high-melting metal arc spraying fast mould technology compares with similar technology
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the placement sketch map of the master mold of a kind of embodiment at workbench;
Fig. 2 is that the master mold surface texturing of this embodiment is handled sketch map;
Fig. 3 is that the master mold surface alloying of this embodiment is handled sketch map;
Fig. 4 is the spraying refractory metal sketch map of this embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the refractory metal mould shell sketch map of this embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the arc spraying system schematic diagram of this embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the spray gun structure sketch of this embodiment;
Fig. 8 is the Compressed Gas nozzle geometry sketch map of this embodiment.
Wherein, 1 workbench, 2 master molds, 3 abrasive materials, 4 abrasive jets, 5 low-melting alloy layers, 6 low melting point spraying particles, 7 spray guns; 8 high-melting-point alloy layers, 9 high-melting-point spraying particles, 10 air accumulators, 11 gas compressors, 12 check valves, 13 oil water separators, 14 filters; 15 safety valves, 16 gate valves, 17 pressure-reducing valves, 18 Pressure gauges, 19 spray metal silks, 20 wire leading pipes, 21 wire pushing rollers; 22 economize on electricity pieces, 23 cables, 24 collets, 25 ignition tips, 26 Compressed Gas nozzles, 27 arc light covers, 28 molten drops.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further specified.
Embodiment 1: preparation process is:
(1) preparation of master mold: (Rapid Prototyping-RP) directly produces master mold itself through rapid prototyping technology, carries out some necessary post processings and machined then to obtain the desired mechanical performance of master mold, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness.In conjunction with shown in Figure 1, the master mold for preparing 2 is preheating to 360 ℃ earlier after, be placed into again on the workbench 1.
(2) texturing of master mold is handled: combine Fig. 2 visible; Utilize pressure to carry the fine corundum abrasive 3 that particle diameter is 25 μ m for the gases at high pressure of 0.7Mpa; The mass fraction of corundum abrasive 3 is 7%; Fully mix after abrasive jet 4 with the high speed of 175m/s to master mold 2 surface friction texturing processes, make master mold 2 surface roughness Ra values reach 6.3 μ m.
(3) the master mold surface alloying is handled: combine shown in Figure 3; Use low melting point alloy with the low melting point nickel alumin(i)um alloy as spraying; Being sprayed on master mold 2 surfaces of handling through texturing with the nickel alumin(i)um alloy low melting point spraying particle 6 of spray gun 7 with molten condition, is the thick low-melting alloy layer 5 of 2mm up to forming thickness.
(4) high-melting metal arc spraying: combine Fig. 4 visible; Through arc spraying apparatus refractory metal T11 is sprayed to through on the master mold surface of Alloying Treatment; Spray gun 7 is under the control of computer; Move spray gun according to the master mold contour shape, the translational speed of spray gun is 0.36m/s, and the angle between the center line of spray gun outlet and the master mold surface tangent line is 89 °.Is thermal source with refractory metal T11 silk material as the electric arc of self-fluxing nature electrode gas discharge generation extreme temperatures; High velocity air through the Compressed Gas argon gas forms high-melting-point spraying particle 9 with the molten drop atomizing of molten condition; The temperature that high-melting-point spraying particle 9 arrives master molds 2 or established shell surface is 2600 ℃, and high-melting-point spraying particle 9 bump master molds 2 or the speed that has formed shell are 70m/s.The solid phase mass fraction that high-melting-point spraying particle 9 arrives master mold or established shell surface is 55%, and the cooling velocity that high-melting-point spraying particle 9 arrives master mold or established shell surface is 1.2 * 10
5K/s.The spraying particle of fusion is sprayed, is deposited on through on the master mold surface of alloying, and after a layer cross section was shaped and accomplishes, workbench 1 decline certain altitude descend the spraying of one deck again, so circulates, and finally forms the compact metal coating of 25mm thickness.
T11 refractory metal coating is by martensite, carbide, and retained austenite is formed, and the mass fraction of T11 refractory metal coating composition is: C: (1.05～1.14) %, Si≤0.35%, Mn≤0.40%, surplus is an iron, and hardness is 207HB, and fusing point is 1454 ℃.
(5) demoulding forms shell: combine Fig. 5 visible, master mold 2 is thrown off, can form needed mould shell, the mould shell is formed by stacking on low-melting alloy layer 5 and high-melting-point alloy layer 8.
In conjunction with Fig. 7; During spray equipment work; Two rhizoid shape spray metal silks 19 are through wire leading pipe 20 and wire pushing roller 21 even continuous sending to respectively in the ignition tip 25 in the spray gun 7; Ignition tip 25 connects the both positive and negative polarity of power supply respectively through economize on electricity piece 22 and cable 23, ignition tip 25 is fixed in the collets 24, and guarantees the reliable insulation of two spray metal silks 19 before not contacting.When two spray metal silk 19 ends owing to sending to when being in contact with one another, be short-circuited and produce electric arc, make silk 19 end instant meltings in spray metal form molten drops 28, in conjunction with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7; Gas in the air accumulator 10 is through gas compressor 11, check valve 12, oil water separator 13, filter 14; Gate valve 16, pressure-reducing valve 17 gets into the Compressed Gas nozzle 26 in the spray gun 7; Visible in conjunction with Fig. 8, gases at high pressure make air-flow even through stable section, reduce turbulence level; Contraction section quickens air-flow, will guarantee that simultaneously the exit flow of contraction section is even, straight and stable; Diameter is D
1Part be throat, air-flow makes air-flow change supersonic speed into from subsonic speed through throat; It is D through diameter that expansion segment further accelerates to the supersonic airstream of throat the Mach number that is designed
2Outlet ejection, the Compressed Gas of ejection forms spraying particle with the molten drop atomizing of spray metal, is ejected into the master mold surface with very high speed, forms the electric arc spraying layer.
Embodiment 2: preparation process is:
(1) preparation of master mold: adopt indirect die-manufacturing method, as model, make master mold indirectly through technologies such as the type of turning over, post processings with the RP prototype.In conjunction with shown in Figure 1, the master mold for preparing 2 is preheating to 420 ℃ earlier after, be placed into again on the workbench 1.
(2) texturing of master mold is handled: combine Fig. 2 visible; Utilize pressure to carry the fine silicon carbide abrasive 3 that particle diameter is 34 μ m for the gases at high pressure of 0.85Mpa; The mass fraction of silicon carbide abrasive 3 is 4%; Fully mix after abrasive jet 4 with the high speed of 195m/s to master mold 2 surface friction texturing processes, make master mold 2 surface roughness Ra values reach 3.2 μ m.
(3) the master mold surface alloying is handled: combine shown in Figure 3; Use low melting point alloy with the low melting point allumen as spraying; Being sprayed on master mold 2 surfaces of handling through texturing with the allumen low melting point spraying particle 6 of spray gun 7 with molten condition, is the thick low-melting alloy layer 5 of 1.5mm up to forming thickness.
(4) high-melting metal arc spraying: combine Fig. 4 visible; Through arc spraying apparatus refractory metal T13 is sprayed to through on the master mold surface of Alloying Treatment; Spray gun 7 is under the control of computer; Move spray gun according to the master mold contour shape, the translational speed of spray gun is 0.5m/s, and the angle between the center line of spray gun outlet and the master mold surface tangent line is 85 °.Is thermal source with refractory metal T13 silk material as the electric arc of self-fluxing nature electrode gas discharge generation extreme temperatures; High velocity air through the Compressed Gas helium forms high-melting-point spraying particle 9 with the molten drop atomizing of molten condition; The temperature that high-melting-point spraying particle 9 arrives master molds or established shell surface is 2650 ℃, and high-melting-point spraying particle 9 bump master molds or the speed that has formed shell are 66m/s.The solid phase mass fraction that high-melting-point spraying particle 9 arrives master mold or established shell surface is 53%, and the cooling velocity that high-melting-point spraying particle 9 arrives master mold or established shell surface is 1.35 * 105k/s.The spraying particle of fusion is sprayed, is deposited on through on the master mold surface of alloying, and after a layer cross section was shaped and accomplishes, workbench 1 decline certain altitude descend the spraying of one deck again, so circulates, and finally forms the compact metal coating of 35mm thickness.
T13 refractory metal coating is by martensite, carbide, and retained austenite is formed.The mass fraction of T13 refractory metal coating composition is: C: (1.25～1.35) %, and Si≤0.35%, Mn≤0.40%, surplus is an iron, and hardness is 217HB, and fusing point is 1453 ℃.
(5) demoulding forms shell: combine Fig. 5 visible, master mold is thrown off, can form needed mould shell, the mould shell is formed by stacking on low-melting alloy layer 5 and high-melting-point alloy layer 8.
Claims (3)
1. a refractory metal mould shell internal stress free is made equipment fast, and it comprises spray gun, and spray gun is connected with filter, oil water separator, gas compressor through pipeline, and gas compressor is connected with air accumulator, on pipeline, is provided with air regulating device; It is characterized in that said spray gun symmetry is installed in the pair of conductive mouth in the collets, is provided with the Compressed Gas nozzle between two ignition tips, the angle theta of two ignition tips is between 30 °～60 °; Be provided with the spray metal silk in each ignition tip, the spray metal silk is connected with wire feeder, and the diameter D of ignition tip is 1.2-1.5 a times of spray metal filament diameter; Be respectively equipped with the economize on electricity piece on two ignition tips, the economize on electricity piece is connected with cable.
2. refractory metal mould shell internal stress free as claimed in claim 1 is made equipment fast, it is characterized in that the pipeline that said spray gun is connected with filter is provided with Pressure gauge, pressure-reducing valve and safety valve and gate valve; Pipeline between oil water separator and the gas compressor is provided with check valve; Compressed Gas jet expansion side at collets is provided with the arc light cover; Wire feeder has two, and their structures are identical, is made up of the wire pushing roller of wire leading pipe and cooperation with it, and cooperates with corresponding ignition tip respectively.
3. refractory metal mould shell internal stress free as claimed in claim 1 is made equipment fast, it is characterized in that said Compressed Gas nozzle is made up of stable section, contraction section, throat, expansion segment, the diameter D of stable section
0With throat diameter D
1Ratio is 1.6-2; The length L of stable section
0With the contraction section length L
1Ratio 2-2.8; The diameter D of expansion segment
2With throat diameter D
1Ratio is 1.3-1.5; The length L of contraction section
1With the expansion segment length L
2Ratio 1.2-1.5.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011204704871U CN202278158U (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2011-11-23 | High-melting-point metal mold shell internal stress-free rapid manufacturing equipment |
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| CN202278158U true CN202278158U (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102424945A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-04-25 | 青岛理工大学 | High-melting-point metal mold shell internal stress-free rapid manufacturing process and equipment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102424945A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-04-25 | 青岛理工大学 | High-melting-point metal mold shell internal stress-free rapid manufacturing process and equipment |
| CN102424945B (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2013-06-12 | 青岛理工大学 | Equipment for high-melting-point metal mold shell internal stress-free rapid manufacturing process |
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