The utility model content
The purpose of the utility model is exactly for addressing the above problem; A kind of diode clamp formula five level photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters are provided and adopt its electric power system; It is on the basis that keeps multi-electrical level inverter high efficiency and high voltage utilance advantage; Solve the high problem of its voltage stress, and the solution of problems such as dynamic electric voltage is shared, quiescent voltage equilibrium is provided.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of diode clamp formula five level photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, it comprises inverter main circuit and inverter controller, the switching device control signal of inverter main circuit is provided by inverter controller; Said inverter main circuit comprises dc bus and three identical in structure brachium pontis, and the direct-flow input end of each brachium pontis connects the direct current input, and the ac output end of each brachium pontis is connected with electrical network, wherein:
Dc bus is by four capacitor C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Be in series, i.e. first capacitor C
1Positive pole be connected the negative pole and second capacitor C with the positive pole of dc bus
2Positive pole connect; Second capacitor C
2Negative pole and the 3rd capacitor C
3Positive pole connect; The 3rd capacitor C
3Negative pole and the 4th capacitor C
4Positive pole connect; The 4th capacitor C
4Negative pole be connected with the negative pole of dc bus.Five different level are provided.
Article three, the brachium pontis structure is identical, and every brachium pontis comprises 8 power switch pipes (can be insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT or high power transistor GTR), 8 power diodes, 12 clamp diodes, constitutes switching circuit and three groups of clamp circuits of two groups of series connection.With first brachium pontis is example:
First switching circuit comprises 4 power switch pipes and 4 power diodes, connects as follows:
Connect between the power switch pipe:
First power switch tube S
1Collector electrode be connected with the positive pole of dc bus;
First power switch tube S
1The emitter and second power switch tube S
2Collector electrode connect;
Second power switch tube S
2Emitter and the 3rd power switch tube S
3Collector electrode connect;
The 3rd power switch tube S
3Emitter and the 4th power switch tube S
4Collector electrode connect;
The 4th power switch tube S
4Emitter and the 5th power switch tube S
1' collector electrode connect;
Power switch pipe is connected with power diode:
First power switch tube S
1With the first power diode D
11Parallel connection (S
1Collector electrode and D
11Negative electrode connect S
1Emitter and D
11Anode connect);
Second power switch tube S
2With the second power diode D
12Parallel connection;
The 3rd power switch tube S
3With the 3rd power diode D
13Parallel connection;
The 4th power switch tube S
4With the 4th power diode D
14Parallel connection;
First switching circuit comprises 4 power switch pipes and 4 power diodes, connects as follows:
The 5th power switch tube S
1' emitter and the 6th power switch tube S
2' collector electrode connect;
The 6th power switch tube S
2' emitter and the 7th power switch tube S
3' collector electrode connect;
The 7th power switch tube S
3' emitter and the 8th power switch tube S
4' collector electrode connect;
The 8th power switch tube S
4' emitter be connected with the negative pole of dc bus.
Power switch pipe is connected with power diode:
The 5th power switch tube S
1' and the 5th power diode D
21Parallel connection;
The 6th power switch tube S
2' and the 6th power diode D
22Parallel connection;
The 7th power switch tube S
3' and the 7th power diode D
23Parallel connection;
The 8th power switch tube S
4' and the 8th power diode D
24Parallel connection.
Two groups of switching circuits are connected in series, that is, and and the 4th power switch tube S
4Emitter and the 5th power switch tube S
1' collector electrode connect, tie point is exported as A mutually.Under the switching device state condition of different, A exports mutually and possibly be five different level.
Said three groups of clamp circuits are respectively:
First group of clamp circuit comprises the first clamper branch road and the second clamper branch road.Wherein the first clamper branch road is the first clamp diode D
1, its negative electrode and first power switch tube S
1Emitter connect the anode and first capacitor C
1Negative pole and the negative electrode of second clamp diode be connected; The second clamper branch road for series connection (anode of promptly going up a diode is connected with the negative electrode of next diode) second and third, four clamp diodes, because of characteristic in full accord, so with D
1' * 3 expression (below similar method for expressing implication identical), the wherein anode of the 4th clamp diode and the 5th power switch tube S
1' emitter connect;
Second group of clamp circuit comprises the 3rd clamper branch road and the 4th clamper branch road.Wherein the 3rd clamper branch road is D for the 5th, six clamp diodes of series connection
2The negative electrode of the * 2, the 5th clamp diode and second power switch tube S
2Emitter connect the anode of the 6th clamp diode and second capacitor C
2Negative pole and the negative electrode of the 7th clamp diode be connected; The 4th clamper branch road is D for the 7th, eight clamp diodes of series connection
2The anode of ' * 2, the eight clamp diodes and the 6th power switch tube S
2' emitter connect;
The 3rd group of clamp circuit comprises the 5th clamper branch road and the 6th clamper branch road.Wherein the 5th clamper branch road is D for the 9th, ten, 11 clamp diodes of series connection
3The negative electrode of the * 3, the 9th clamp diode and the 3rd power switch tube S
3Emitter connect the anode of the 11 clamp diode and the 3rd capacitor C
3Negative pole and the negative electrode of the 12 clamp diode be connected; The 6th clamper branch road is that the 12 clamp diode is D
3', its anode and the 7th power switch tube S
3' emitter connect.
Said power switch pipe is insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT or high power transistor GTR.
A kind of electric power system that adopts diode clamp formula five level photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters; It comprises a plurality of solar panels, multi-channel DC boost main circuit, MPPT controller and diode clamp formula five level photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters; Be that a kind of dc inverter with solar-energy photo-voltaic cell output becomes alternating current, and flow to the device of electrical network.It adopts the multi-channel DC input; Each road direct current input is carried out independently MPPT maximum power point tracking control through booster circuit, gives full play to the efficient of solar panel, through diode clamp formula five-electrical level inverter dc inverter is become alternating current again; Flow to electrical network, wherein:
Multi-channel DC boost each road direct current input of main circuit and each road dc output end connection of corresponding solar photovoltaic cell panel, the DC voltage booster circuit output is connected with the direct-flow input end of diode clamp formula five level photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters;
The MPPT controller is connected with the boost device for power switching gate pole of main circuit of multichannel, controls the above-mentioned multi-channel DC main circuit that boosts and carries out independently MPPT maximum power point tracking control, constitutes the multi-channel DC booster system with the above-mentioned multi-channel DC main circuit that boosts;
The main circuit of diode clamp formula five level photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters, structure as previously mentioned, the boost dc output end of main circuit of its direct-flow input end and above-mentioned multi-channel DC is connected, its ac output end is connected with electrical network;
Inverter controller is connected with the device for power switching gate pole of diode clamp formula five level inverse conversion main circuits, to the control of being incorporated into the power networks of above-mentioned diode clamp formula five level inverse conversion main circuits, constitutes five level inverse conversion systems with above-mentioned five level inverse conversion main circuits;
The multi-channel DC booster system is made up of boost main circuit and MPPT controller of multi-channel DC;
Five level inverse conversion systems are made up of above-mentioned five level inverse conversion main circuits and inverter controller; The inverter controller of inverter main circuit is connected through communication line with the MPPT controller simultaneously.
The characteristics of the utility model are following:
1) with cleaning, regenerative resource-solar energy power generating converts alternating current into and flows to electrical network;
2) independently MPPT maximum power point tracking control of multi-channel DC input, multichannel, the photovoltaic battery panel utilization ratio is high;
3) each power device only bore 1/5 busbar voltage under five level inverse conversions designed, thereby can use low withstand voltage device to realize the output of high-power; Under the constant situation of each power device electric pressure, the increase of serializer number of packages can make the output voltage grade improve 5 times, thereby obtains five times power output;
4) increase of level number can improve output waveform under the design of five level inverse conversions, reduces the output voltage waveforms distortion, and THD is reduced greatly, and is little to quality of power supply influence, helps being incorporated into the power networks of large-scale photovoltaic generating; Can use lower switching frequency obtain with high switching frequency under the identical output voltage waveforms of two level converters, so switching loss is little, the efficient height of system; Because the increase of level number under identical DC bus-bar voltage and switching frequency condition, is compared with two-level inverter, the switch stress dv/dt that switching device bore reduces greatly;
5) diode clamp formula five-electrical level inverter all only bears the half the voltage of dc bus, thereby can not produce the dynamic electric voltage sharing problem when on off state switches on arbitrary switching device; If two switching tubes in top and bottom of every brachium pontis in the diode clamp formula five-electrical level inverter are selected the less device of leakage current; Pressure drop meeting when then static on these two switching tubes by the clamp diode clamper at E; Thereby the voltage on inner two switching tubes also can be fixed on E, need on switching tube, just can not realize that quiescent voltage is balanced by the extra resistance of parallel connection; Even thereby can guarantee under the out of step conditions of and switching transient inconsistent in many power tubes parameter; The voltage stress that each power tube bears in stable state and transient process is clamped on the voltage of bus capacitor all the time; Thereby can not produce indivedual power tube overvoltages, cause the circuit reliability problem.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further specified.
Fig. 1 is for adopting the electric power system of diode clamp formula five level photovoltaic DC-to-AC converters; It comprises a plurality of solar cells 5; Each solar cell 5 is connected with separately DC boosting main circuit 1 input, and 1 of each DC boosting main circuit is connected with MPPT controller 2, carries out MPPT maximum power point tracking control; The output of said each DC boosting main circuit 1 then is connected with the direct-flow input end of inverter main circuit 3, and the ac output end of inverter main circuit 3 then is connected with electrical network 6; The inverter controller 4 of inverter main circuit 3 is connected with MPPT controller 2 simultaneously.
Among Fig. 2, it comprises inverter main circuit 3, and inverter main circuit 3 is connected with inverter controller 4; Said inverter main circuit 3 comprises dc bus and three identical in structure brachium pontis, and the direct-flow input end of each brachium pontis connects the direct current of input, and the ac output end of each brachium pontis is connected with electrical network 6; Wherein, the structure of each brachium pontis is:
Dc bus is by four capacitor C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Be in series, i.e. first capacitor C
1Positive pole be connected the negative pole and second capacitor C with the positive pole of dc bus
2Positive pole connect; Second capacitor C
2Negative pole and the 3rd capacitor C
3Positive pole connect; The 3rd capacitor C
3Negative pole and the 4th capacitor C
4Positive pole connect; The 4th capacitor C
4Negative pole be connected with the negative pole of dc bus.Five different level are provided.
Article three, the brachium pontis structure is identical, and every brachium pontis comprises 8 power switch pipes (can be insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT or high power transistor GTR), 8 power diodes, 12 clamp diodes, constitutes switching circuit and three groups of clamp circuits of two groups of series connection.With first brachium pontis is example:
First switching circuit comprises 4 power switch pipes and 4 power diodes, connects as follows:
Connect between the power switch pipe:
First power switch tube S
1Collector electrode be connected with the positive pole of dc bus;
First power switch tube S
1The emitter and second power switch tube S
2Collector electrode connect;
Second power switch tube S
2Emitter and the 3rd power switch tube S
3Collector electrode connect;
The 3rd power switch tube S
3Emitter and the 4th power switch tube S
4Collector electrode connect;
The 4th power switch tube S
4Emitter and the 5th power switch tube S
1' collector electrode connect;
Power switch pipe is connected with power diode:
First power switch tube S
1With the first power diode D
11Parallel connection (S
1Collector electrode and D
11Negative electrode connect S
1Emitter and D
11Anode connect);
Second power switch tube S
2With the second power diode D
12Parallel connection;
The 3rd power switch tube S
3With the 3rd power diode D
13Parallel connection;
The 4th power switch tube S
4With the 4th power diode D
14Parallel connection;
First switching circuit comprises 4 power switch pipes and 4 power diodes, connects as follows:
The 5th power switch tube S
1' emitter and the 6th power switch tube S
2' collector electrode connect;
The 6th power switch tube S
2' emitter and the 7th power switch tube S
3' collector electrode connect;
The 7th power switch tube S
3' emitter and the 8th power switch tube S
4' collector electrode connect;
The 8th power switch tube S
4' emitter be connected with the negative pole of dc bus.
Power switch pipe is connected with power diode:
The 5th power switch tube S
1' and the 5th power diode D
21Parallel connection;
The 6th power switch tube S
2' and the 6th power diode D
22Parallel connection;
The 7th power switch tube S
3' and the 7th power diode D
23Parallel connection;
The 8th power switch tube S
4' and the 8th power diode D
24Parallel connection.
Two groups of switching circuits are connected in series, that is, and and the 4th power switch tube S
4Emitter and the 5th power switch tube S
1' collector electrode connect, tie point is exported as A mutually.Under the switching device state condition of different, A exports mutually and possibly be five different level.
Said three groups of clamp circuits are respectively:
First group of clamp circuit comprises the first clamper branch road and the second clamper branch road.Wherein the first clamper branch road is the first clamp diode D
1, its negative electrode and first power switch tube S
1Emitter connect the anode and first capacitor C
1Negative pole and the negative electrode of second clamp diode be connected; The second clamper branch road for series connection (anode of promptly going up a diode is connected with the negative electrode of next diode) second and third, four clamp diodes, because of characteristic in full accord, so with D
1' * 3 expression (below similar method for expressing implication identical), the wherein anode of the 4th clamp diode and the 5th power switch tube S
1' emitter connect;
Second group of clamp circuit comprises the 3rd clamper branch road and the 4th clamper branch road.Wherein the 3rd clamper branch road is D for the 5th, six clamp diodes of series connection
2The negative electrode of the * 2, the 5th clamp diode and second power switch tube S
2Emitter connect the anode of the 6th clamp diode and second capacitor C
2Negative pole and the negative electrode of the 7th clamp diode be connected; The 4th clamper branch road is D for the 7th, eight clamp diodes of series connection
2The anode of ' * 2, the eight clamp diodes and the 6th power switch tube S
2' emitter connect;
The 3rd group of clamp circuit comprises the 5th clamper branch road and the 6th clamper branch road.Wherein the 5th clamper branch road is D for the 9th, ten, 11 clamp diodes of series connection
3The negative electrode of the * 3, the 9th clamp diode and the 3rd power switch tube S
3Emitter connect the anode of the 11 clamp diode and the 3rd capacitor C
3Negative pole and the negative electrode of the 12 clamp diode be connected; The 6th clamper branch road is that the 12 clamp diode is D
3', its anode and the 7th power switch tube S
3' emitter connect.