CN202206194U

CN202206194U - Wireless energy transmitting apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN202206194U
Application number: CN2011201926199U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔铁军; 陈林辉; 刘硕; 周永春; 陈锦; 周小阳; 杨艳
Original assignee: Southeast University
Current assignee: Southeast University
Priority date: 2011-06-09
Filing date: 2011-06-09
Publication date: 2012-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 2021-06-09

Abstract

The utility model discloses a wireless energy transmitting apparatus, comprising a power source, a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus, wherein the transmitting apparatus comprises a transmitting coil and an efficiency adjusting transmitting network for adjusting the optimal-efficiency equivalent transmitting impedance Zeqt of both ends of the transmitting coil to the optimal load impedance Zs of the power source, one end of the efficiency adjusting transmitting network is connected with the transmitting coil, and the other end is connected with the power source; and the receiving apparatus comprises a receiving coil for energy coupling through an alternating electromagnetic field and the transmitting coil, and an efficiency adjusting receiving network for adjusting the receiving load impedance ZL to the optimal-efficiency equivalent receiving impedance Zeqr of both ends of the receiving coil, one end of the efficiency adjusting receiving network is connected with the receiving coil, and the other end is connected with a receiving load. The wireless energy transmitting apparatus enables the transmitted energy not to be absorbed by objects on surrounding dissonant frequency points, thereby being excellent in transmission efficiency; is suitable for the power source of any load and output load, and is capable of keeping the transmission efficiency to be highest under any transmission distance.

Description

Wireless energy transmission device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an energy transmission device, concretely relates to wireless energy transmission device.

Background

At present, the most widely used technology for wireless energy transmission is magnetic induction technology, which is also the technology used by the current international wireless charging alliance Qi technical standard, and the working principle of the technology is faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and energy is transferred between two coils through electromagnetic induction. The general principle is as follows: when alternating current passes through the coil, an alternating magnetic field is generated; the generated alternating magnetic field can form an alternating electric field, and further voltage is formed on the coil; after the voltage is applied, current is generated, and the device to be charged can be charged.

The magnetic induction technology has the advantages that the volumes of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil can be made smaller, the structure is simple, and the wireless charging standard Qi at present adopts the technology, and is convenient to embed into small electronic equipment. However, since the magnetic induction technology adopts the common magnetic induction coupling, the intensity of the surrounding magnetic field is sharply attenuated along with the increase of the distance, and therefore, the transmission efficiency is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the distance. This results in an effective transmission distance of only a few millimeters, and therefore requires the charging device to be attached to the charging pad, which greatly limits the range and application of wireless energy transmission.

Another technique is microwave transmission, which uses a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, between which electromagnetic energy is transmitted by microwaves, and is mainly characterized in that the distance between the two antennas is much greater than the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave, and thus corresponds to the far-field propagation of the antennas. It is necessary to ensure that there are as few obstacles as possible in the propagation path, which would otherwise cause reflection of electromagnetic waves, resulting in a great reduction in transmission efficiency. Meanwhile, the microwave frequency band is adopted, so that high-frequency and high-power electromagnetic waves have great radiation to human bodies.

The last technology is a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless energy transmission technology, which was originally proposed by the research group of MarinSoljacic of the institute of physical assistance, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United states of technology in the American AIP industry physical forum in 2006 and experimentally verified in 2007 in 6 months, and a 60W bulb was lighted at intervals of 2.16 m. This technique is distinguished from the near-field coupling based on ordinary electromagnetic induction, which enables wireless transfer of energy by resonating a receiving coil and a transmitting coil. Essentially, this process is similar to quantum tunneling, except that electromagnetic waves replace the wave function in quantum mechanics. The technology can transmit under the condition of obstacles, and the transmission distance can reach a meter-level range. The magnetic coupling resonance type wireless energy transmission technology has the advantages that the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are in resonance coupling, so that the transmission efficiency which is much higher than that of the traditional magnetic induction technology can be obtained when the coupling coefficient is very low, the effective transmission distance is greatly increased, and the transmission efficiency is hardly influenced by the existence of peripheral non-resonance objects. Meanwhile, the receiving coils are more freely arranged, and the same transmitting coil can transmit energy for a plurality of receiving coils, so that the limitation of one-to-one charging in the magnetic induction technology is broken through. However, the magnetic coupling resonant wireless energy transmission technology structure adopts four coils, including a Drive Loop, a Transmitting Loop, a Receiving Loop and a Load Loop. It strictly requires a certain distance between the Drive Loop and the Transmitting Loop. Similarly, a certain distance is also kept between the Receiving Loop and the Load Loop, and the change of the distance can affect the transmission efficiency to a great extent. Therefore, this technique has certain difficulties and inconveniences in both manufacture and use.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a do not receive the restriction of transmission distance and barrier, easily make and use and the wireless energy transmission device that transmission efficiency is high.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical solution:

the utility model comprises a power source, a transmitting device and a receiving device; the transmitting device comprises a transmitting coil and an equivalent transmitting impedance Z for optimizing the efficiency of the two ends of the transmitting coil_eqtAdjusting to the optimum load impedance Z of the power source_sThe efficiency adjusting and transmitting network (the equivalent impedance is equal to the equivalent impedance after the efficiency adjusting and transmitting network passes through the efficiency adjusting and transmitting network), one end of the efficiency adjusting and transmitting network is connected with a transmitting coil, and the other end of the efficiency adjusting and transmitting network is connected with a power source; the receiving device comprises a receiving coil for energy coupling with the transmitting coil via an alternating electromagnetic field and an impedance Z for coupling the receiving load_LAdjusting the effective equivalent receive impedance Z to both ends of the receive coil_eqrThe efficiency adjusting receiving network (the equivalent impedance is equal to the equivalent impedance after the efficiency adjusting receiving network passes through the efficiency adjusting receiving network), one end of the efficiency adjusting receiving network is connected with the receiving coil, and the other end of the efficiency adjusting receiving network is connected with the receiving load; optimum load impedance Z of power source_s＝R_s+jX_sReceiving a load impedance Z_L＝R_L+jX_L；

Efficient equivalent receive impedance across a receive coil

Efficient equivalent transmit impedance across a transmit coil

Wherein R is_sIs the optimum load resistance of the power source, X_sIs the optimum load reactance, R, of the power source_LIs receiving a load resistance, X_LIs a receiving load reactance, k is a coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, ω is an operating angular frequency of the entire wireless energy transmission device, L_tIs self-inductance of the transmitting coil, R_ptIs the loss resistance of the transmitting coil, L_rIs the self-inductance of the receiving coil, R_prIs a loss resistance of the receiving coil, R_eqrIs the most efficient equivalent receiving resistance, R_eqtIs the most efficient equivalent emission resistance, X_eqrIs the most efficient equivalent receive reactance, X_eqtIs the most efficient equivalent transmit reactance and j is the imaginary unit.

The efficiency regulating receiving network and the efficiency regulating transmitting network adopt A-type working mode efficiency regulating networks; the type-a operation mode efficiency adjustment network employs one of an AL1 type efficiency adjustment network, an AL2 type efficiency adjustment network, an AL3 type efficiency adjustment network, or an AL4 type efficiency adjustment network, or one of an APi1 type efficiency adjustment network, an APi2 type efficiency adjustment network, an APi3 type efficiency adjustment network, or an APi4 type efficiency adjustment network, or one of an AT1 type efficiency adjustment network, an AT2 type efficiency adjustment network, an AT3 type efficiency adjustment network, an AT4 type efficiency adjustment network, or an AT5 type efficiency adjustment network, of three elements.

The efficiency adjusting receiving network and the efficiency adjusting transmitting network both adopt C-type working mode efficiency adjusting networks; the C-type operation mode efficiency adjustment network employs one of a two-element CL1 type efficiency adjustment network or a CL2 type efficiency adjustment network, one of a three-element CPi1 type efficiency adjustment network or a CPi2 type efficiency adjustment network, or one of a three-element CT1 type efficiency adjustment network, a CT2 type efficiency adjustment network, a CT3 type efficiency adjustment network or a CT4 type efficiency adjustment network.

The efficiency regulating receiving network and the efficiency regulating transmitting network adopt B-type working mode efficiency regulating networks; the class B operating mode efficiency adjustment network employs one of a one element type B1 efficiency adjustment network or a type B2 efficiency adjustment network.

The receiving load can be a device to be powered and/or a charging device.

The power source adopts a radio frequency power source.

The transmitting coil and the receiving coil of the utility model resonate at the same frequency, energy can be effectively transmitted between the two coils and can not be absorbed by objects on surrounding non-resonant frequency points, and the transmitting coil and the receiving coil have good transmission efficiency under the condition that the distance between the two coils is larger (namely under the condition that the coupling coefficient k is lower); the utility model has adjustability, changes the parameters of the elements in the efficiency adjusting receiving network and the efficiency adjusting transmitting network, so that the utility model can be suitable for the power source of any load and any output load, and can keep the highest and best output efficiency at any distance (i.e. any coupling coefficient k); just the utility model discloses simple structure easily makes and uses, is fit for batch manufacturing and popularization.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an AL1 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an AL2 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an AL3 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an AL4 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an APi1 type efficiency adjustment network structure according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an APi2 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an APi3 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an APi4 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an AT1 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an AT2 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an AT3 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of an AT4 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of an AT5 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a CL1 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a CL2 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the CPi1 type efficiency adjustment network of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the CPi2 type efficiency adjustment network of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of a CT1 type efficiency adjustment network according to the present invention;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the CT2 type efficiency adjustment network of the present invention;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a CT3 type efficiency adjustment network structure according to the present invention;

fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the CT4 type efficiency adjustment network of the present invention;

fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency adjustment network of type B1 according to the present invention;

fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency adjustment network of type B2 according to the present invention;

FIG. 25(a) is a parallel connection of a fixed capacitor and a variable capacitor;

FIG. 25(b) is a series connection of a fixed capacitor and a variable capacitor;

FIG. 25(c) is a diagram of a fixed capacitor in parallel with a variable capacitor, which is then in parallel with a fixed capacitor;

FIG. 25(d) shows a fixed capacitor connected in series with a variable capacitor and then in parallel with a fixed capacitor;

FIG. 26(a) is a diagram of a variable capacitor in parallel with a fixed inductor;

FIG. 26(b) is a variable capacitor and fixed inductor in series;

FIG. 26(c) shows a variable capacitor connected in parallel with a fixed capacitor and then in series with a fixed inductor;

FIG. 26(d) is a series connection of a variable capacitor and a fixed inductor, which is then connected in parallel with a fixed capacitor;

FIG. 27 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1;

FIG. 28 is a graph showing the variation of the transmission efficiency with the coupling coefficient k in example 1;

FIG. 29 is a graph showing the variation of the coupling coefficient k with distance when two 30cm diameter spiral coils of 2.5mm diameter having 3 turns are placed at a distance of d;

FIG. 30 is a graph showing the transmission efficiency as a function of distance when two 30 cm-diameter, 2.5 mm-diameter spiral coils having 3 turns are placed at a distance d from each other in example 1;

FIG. 31 is a graph of the transmission characteristics of the circuit after the efficiency adjustment network optimizes four sets of parameters, i.e., the transmission efficiency, as a function of the coupling coefficient k, when k is equal to 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, 0.001, respectively, in example 1;

FIG. 32 is a graph of the transmission characteristics of the circuit after the efficiency adjustment network optimizes four sets of parameters, i.e., transmission efficiency versus distance, when k is equal to 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, 0.001, respectively, in example 1;

FIG. 33 is a graph showing the variation of the transmission efficiency with the coupling coefficient k in example 2;

fig. 34 is a graph of transmission efficiency versus distance in example 2;

FIG. 35 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 3;

fig. 36 is a schematic view of a demonstration prototype of a wireless energy transmission device;

FIG. 37(a) shows the arrangement of two coils perpendicular to each other;

FIG. 37(b) shows the two coils disposed at an angle to each other;

FIG. 37(c) shows the two coils being parallel to each other;

FIG. 37(d) shows the arrangement of two coils facing each other;

FIG. 38 is a system diagram of a transmitter for wireless energy transmission in practical applications;

FIG. 39 is a system block diagram of a receiving device for wireless energy transmission in practical use;

fig. 40 is a schematic view of a wireless charging pad;

fig. 41(a) is a multi-layered wireless charging stand according to the present invention for wirelessly charging a small electronic device such as a cellular phone, which is being charged;

fig. 41(b) is a view of a multi-layered wireless charging stand according to the present invention, which can wirelessly charge a small electronic device such as a cellular phone, in a state where a second-layered charging plate is opened;

fig. 42(a) is a top view of a mobile phone with a wireless charging receiver embedded therein according to the present invention, wherein the receiving coil of the inner frame of the mobile phone is visible;

fig. 42(b) is a bottom view of a mobile phone with a wireless charging receiver embedded therein, showing a receiving coil of an inner frame of the mobile phone;

fig. 43(a) is a bottom view of a notebook with a wireless charging receiver embedded therein, in which a receiving coil of an inner frame of the notebook is visible;

fig. 43(b) is a top view of a notebook with a wireless charging receiver embedded therein according to the present invention, wherein the receiving coil of the inner frame of the notebook is visible;

FIG. 44 is a schematic view of a table with a wireless energy transmission transmitting device;

fig. 45(a) is a transmitting coil set in which a plurality of regular hexagonal coils are arranged in a honeycomb arrangement;

FIG. 45(b) is a transmit coil assembly of a plurality of square coils arranged in a square array;

FIG. 46 is a schematic view of a room housing a plurality of wireless energy transmission transmitting devices;

fig. 47(a) is a view of a car with a wireless charging receiving device according to the present invention, showing a receiving coil mounted under the chassis of the car;

fig. 47(b) is a view of a car with a wireless charging receiving device according to the present invention, showing a plurality of receiving coils mounted under the chassis of the car;

fig. 48(a) is a view of a bus having a wireless charging receiving apparatus according to the present invention, showing a receiving coil mounted under the chassis of the bus;

fig. 48(b) is a view of a bus embedded with a wireless charging receiving apparatus according to the present invention, showing that a plurality of receiving coils are installed under the chassis of the bus;

FIG. 49(a) is a side view of an electric bicycle with a wireless charging receiver according to the present invention, wherein a receiving coil is mounted under the chassis of the electric bicycle;

fig. 49(b) is a bottom view of an electric bicycle with a wireless charging receiving device according to the present invention, wherein a receiving coil is mounted under a chassis of the electric bicycle;

fig. 50(a) is a public parking lot, in which a wireless charging device is embedded in the ground of each parking space, and when a car with the wireless charging device is parked in such a parking space, wireless charging is performed;

fig. 50(b) is a view showing a parking lot for home use, in which a wireless charging device is embedded in the ground of each parking space, and when a car with the wireless charging device is parked in such a parking space, wireless charging is performed;

fig. 52(a1) is a schematic diagram of a pattern of square transmit and receive coils;

fig. 52(b1) is a schematic diagram of a circular transmit coil and receive coil pattern;

fig. 52(c1) is a schematic diagram of a pattern of hexagonal transmit and receive coils;

FIG. 52(d1) is a schematic diagram of a diamond shaped transmit coil and receive coil pattern;

fig. 52(e1) is a schematic diagram of a pattern of elliptical transmit and receive coils;

fig. 52(f1) is a schematic diagram of a rectangular transmit coil and receive coil pattern;

FIG. 52(a2) is a side view of FIG. 52(a 1);

FIG. 52(b2) is a side view of FIG. 52(b 1);

FIG. 52(c2) is a side view of FIG. 52(c 1);

FIG. 52(d2) is a side view of FIG. 52(d 1);

FIG. 52(e2) is a side view of FIG. 52(e 1);

fig. 52(f2) is a side view of fig. 52(f 1).

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, creation features, achievement purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to the following embodiments.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, the present invention includes a power source 1, a transmitting device, a receiving device, and a receiving load 6. In this embodiment, the receiving load 6 may be a device to be powered and/or a charging device, such as a pure resistor, or a device containing a reactance component, and may be a device that directly consumes power, such as a light bulb, or a device with stored energy, such as a battery, or a device that consumes while storing, such as a computer or a mobile phone with a rechargeable battery, and so on; the power source 1 is a radio frequency power source.

The transmitting device comprises a transmitting coil 3 and an efficiency adjusting transmitting network 2, wherein the transmitting coil 3 is connected with a Port2 Port of the efficiency adjusting transmitting network 2, and the power source 1 is connected with a Port1 Port of the efficiency adjusting transmitting network 2.

The receiving apparatus includes a receiving coil 4 and an efficiency adjusting receiving network 5, the receiving coil 4 is connected to a Port2 of the efficiency adjusting receiving network 5, and the receiving load 6 is connected to a Port1 of the efficiency adjusting receiving network 5.

The transmitting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 are energy-coupled by means of an alternating electromagnetic field.

Optimum load impedance Z of power source_s＝R_s+jX_sReceiving a load impedance Z_L＝R_L+jX_L. (for common general knowledge, the details are not described here)

Efficient equivalent receive impedance across the receive coil 4

Efficient equivalent transmission impedance across the transmission coil 3

Maximum transmission efficiency of power source 1 output to receiving load 6

Wherein R is_sIs the optimum load resistance of the power source, X_sIs a power sourceOptimum load reactance, R_LIs receiving a load resistance, X_LIs a receiving load reactance, k is a coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4, ω is an operating angular frequency of the entire wireless energy transmission device, L_tIs self-inductance of the transmitting coil, R_ptIs the loss resistance of the transmitting coil, L_rIs the self-inductance of the receiving coil, R_prIs a loss resistance of the receiving coil, R_eqrIs the most efficient equivalent receiving resistance, R_eqtIs the most efficient equivalent emission resistance, X_eqrIs the most efficient equivalent receive reactance, X_eqtIs the most efficient equivalent transmit reactance and j is the imaginary unit.

The above formula is obtained by the following steps:

(1) confirm the frequency f or angular frequency omega of the utility model operation 2 pi f.

(2) The parameters of the transmitting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 at the working frequency are obtained by direct or indirect measurement methods such as an LCR meter (for measuring inductance and capacitance), an impedance analyzer, a Q-meter, and the like: transmitting coil self-inductance L_tLoss resistance R of transmitting coil_ptSelf-inductance L of the receiving coil_rLoss resistance R of receiving coil_prAnd the mutual inductance M of the transmitter coil 3 and the receiver coil 4 at the relative positions of the energy to be transmitted, calculating to obtain a coupling coefficient k

k = \frac{M}{\sqrt{L_{t} L_{r}}}

For convenience, the utility model uses Z_rRepresenting the impedance of the entire receiving end, at the operating frequency,

wherein

The magnitude of the real part of the equivalent load after the actual load passes through the efficiency adjustment receiving network 5 is represented; by Z_tRepresenting the equivalent impedance of the receiving coil 4 coupled to the transmitting coil 3. At the frequency of operation of the at least one frequency converter,

to pairThe derivation is carried out by the derivation,

when in effect

Maximum time efficiency

The efficiency adjustment receiving network 5 should therefore adjust R_LIs adjusted to Z_eqrWherein

It is also clear that,

by the above derivation, the most efficient equivalent receive impedance Z at both ends of the receive coil 4 can be obtained_eqrAnd the efficiency-optimized equivalent transmission impedance Z across the transmission coil 3 at that time_eqtIs composed of

Finally, the self-inductance L of the transmitting coil at a given coupling coefficient k, frequency f and_tloss resistance R of transmitting coil_ptSelf-inductance L of the receiving coil_rReceivingCoil loss resistance R_prIn the case of (2), the maximum transmission efficiency that can be achieved by the wireless energy transmission device

For convenient analysis, the utility model only analyzes the optimal load impedance Z of the power source_sIs a pure resistance R_sReceiving a load impedance Z_LIs a pure resistance R_LIn the case of complex impedance, it is only necessary to connect an inductor or a capacitor in series to become a pure resistor.

Equivalent receiving resistance R when the efficiency is optimal_eqr< receiving load resistance R_LBy adjusting the receiving network 5 in terms of efficiency, the receiving load impedance Z is adjusted_LEqual to the most efficient equivalent receive impedance Z_eqrI.e. receiving the load resistance R_LEquivalent to the most efficient equivalent receiving resistance R_eqrReceiving a load reactance X_LEqual to the most efficient equivalent receive reactance X_eqr。

Equivalent emitting resistance R when efficiency is optimal_eqt< optimum load resistance R of power source_sThe efficiency is adjusted by the transmission network 2 to make the equivalent transmission impedance Z with the best efficiency_eqtEqual to the optimum load impedance Z of the power source_sI.e. the most efficient equivalent emitting resistance R_eqtEqual to the optimal load resistance R of the power source_sBest efficiency equivalent transmit reactance X_eqtEqual to optimum load reactance X of power source_s。

The efficiency regulation receiving network 5 and the efficiency regulation transmitting network 2 both adopt a class-A working mode efficiency regulation network.

The class-A operation mode efficiency regulating network adopts a two-element AL1 type efficiency regulating network (see figure 2, the element parameters in the AL1 type efficiency regulating network are determined according to the following conditions that when the AL1 type efficiency regulating network is used as an efficiency regulating transmitting network, the efficiency is optimal and the equivalent transmitting impedance Z is_eqtEqual to the optimum load impedance Z of the power source_s"; when the AL1 type efficiency adjustment network is used as the efficiency adjustment reception network: "receive load impedance Z_LEqual to the most efficient equivalent receive impedance Z_eqr". The structure is designed asSome designs, which are not described in detail herein, one of an AL 2-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 3, supra), an AL 3-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 4, supra) or an AL 4-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 5, supra), or one of a three-element APi 1-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 6, supra), an APi 2-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 7, supra), an APi 3-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 8, supra) or an APi 4-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 9, supra), or one of a three-element AT 1-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 10, supra), an AT 2-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 11, supra), an AT 3-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 12, supra), an AT 4-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 13, supra) or an AT 5-type efficiency adjusting network (see fig. 14, supra).

Equivalent receiving resistance R when the efficiency is optimal_eqrReceive load resistance R_LBy adjusting the receiving network 5 in terms of efficiency, the receiving load impedance Z is adjusted_LEqual to the most efficient equivalent receive impedance Z_eqrI.e. receiving the load resistance R_LEquivalent to the most efficient equivalent receiving resistance R_eqrReceiving a load reactance X_LEqual to the most efficient equivalent receive reactance X_eqr。

Equivalent emitting resistance R when efficiency is optimal_eqtPower source optimum load resistance R_sThe efficiency is adjusted by the transmission network 2 to make the equivalent transmission impedance Z with the best efficiency_eqtEqual to the optimum load impedance Z of the power source_sI.e. the most efficient equivalent emitting resistance R_eqtEqual to the optimal load resistance R of the power source_sBest efficiency equivalent transmit reactance X_eqtEqual to optimum load reactance X of power source_s。

The efficiency regulation receiving network 5 and the efficiency regulation transmitting network 2 both adopt a C-type working mode efficiency regulation network.

The C-type operation mode efficiency adjustment network employs one of a two-element CL 1-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 15, supra) or a CL 2-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 16, supra), or one of a three-element CPi 1-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 17, supra) or a CPi 2-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 18, supra), or one of a three-element CT 1-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 19, supra), a CT 2-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 20, supra), a CT 3-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 21, supra), or a CT 4-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 22, supra).

Equivalent receiving resistance R when the efficiency is optimal_eqrReceiving load resistance R_LBy adjusting the receiving network 5 in terms of efficiency, the receiving load impedance Z is adjusted_LEqual to the most efficient equivalent receive impedance Z_eqrI.e. receiving the load resistance R_LEquivalent to the most efficient equivalent receiving resistance R_eqrReceiving a load reactance X_LEqual to the most efficient equivalent receive reactance X_eqr。

The efficiency adjustment receiving network 5 and the efficiency adjustment transmitting network 2 employ a B-type operation mode efficiency adjustment network.

The B-type operation mode efficiency adjustment network employs one of a B1-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 23, supra) or a B2-type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 24, supra) each of which is an element.

The entire wireless energy transmission device can thus be operated in nine states, in which,

when Reqr is less than RL and Reqt is less than Rs, the whole wireless energy transmission device works in a state A-A;

when Reqr is less than RL and Reqt is Rs, the whole wireless energy transmission device works in a state A-B;

when Reqr is less than RL and Reqt is more than Rs, the whole wireless energy transmission device works in a state A-C;

when Reqr is RL and Reqt is less than Rs, the whole wireless energy transmission device works in a state B-A;

when Reqr is RL and Reqt is Rs, the entire wireless energy transfer device operates in state B-B;

when Reqr is RL and Reqt is more than Rs, the whole wireless energy transmission device works in a state B-C;

when Reqr is more than RL and Reqt is less than Rs, the whole wireless energy transmission device works in a state C-A;

when Reqr is more than RL and Reqt is Rs, the whole wireless energy transmission device works in a state C-B;

when Reqr > RL and Reqt > Rs, the entire wireless energy transfer device operates in state C-C.

In fact, the efficiency adjustment network is composed of four or more elements, only two and three elements are illustrated for space limitation, and other types of efficiency adjustment networks are all used for receiving the load resistance Z_LAdjusted to the most efficient equivalent receive impedance Z_eqrTo optimize the equivalent transmission impedance Z_eqtAdjusting to optimum load resistance Z of power source_sBelongs to the field of the utility model.

It should be noted that any one of the capacitors in the efficiency adjustment network represents that the element is a capacitive reactance, and there may be various combinations (see fig. 25(a), 25(b), 25(c) and 25 (d)); any one of the inductances represents that the element is an inductive reactance, and the combination thereof may be of various types (see fig. 26(a), 26(b), 26(c), and 26 (d)).

In this example, R_eqr＜R_LAnd R is_eqt＜R_sThe efficiency adjustment receiving network 5 and the efficiency adjustment transmitting network 2 both use an AL2 type efficiency adjustment network (see fig. 2)7)。

The specific circuit parameters are as follows: l is_t＝6.4μH，L_r＝6.4μH，R_pt＝0.3ohm，R_pr＝0.3ohm，R_L＝100ohm，R_s＝26ohm，k＝0.03，f＝4Mhz。

Here, the present invention derives the analytic solutions of C3 and C4 in the efficiency adjustment receiving network 5 for receiving the load impedance Z_LAdjusted to the most efficient equivalent receive impedance Z_eqrC3 and C4 were also determined by the smith chart.

First, at the receiving end, the equivalent impedance seen from Port1 is RL_eq+j*C_eqWherein RL_eqIs the real part of the equivalent impedance, C_eqThe imaginary part of the equivalent impedance.

Wherein

Here, the judgment is based on the magnitude

Thus ignoring the higher order small term ω²C₄ ²C₂ ²R_L ². Equation of equation

Is solved out

Wherein,

R_{eqr} = \sqrt{\frac{R_{pr}}{R_{pt}} K^{2} \frac{L_{t}}{C} + {R_{pr}}^{2}} .

in the same way, the present invention derives the analytic solutions of C1 and C2 in the efficiency-adjusted transmitting network 2 according to the graph shown in the figure, and is used to optimize the equivalent transmitting impedance Z of the efficiency at both ends of the transmitting coil 3_eqtAdjusting to the optimum load impedance Z of the power source_sC1 and C2 were also determined by the smith chart.

First at the transmit end, the equivalent impedance seen by Port2 is as follows:

when the circuit generates resonance, the imaginary part is zero and must satisfy

Expanded by omega power down

Ignoring high order small terms

R^{2} C_{2}^{2} + R^{2} C_{2} C_{2}

L_t ²C₂(C₁+C₂)ω⁴-(2L_tC₂+L_tC₁)ω²+1＝0

Factorization of

[L_t(C₁+C₂)ω²-1][L_tC₂ω²-1]＝0

To obtain

Into R_sReal part of

Ignoring high order small terms

R_{S} = \frac{R_{eqt}}{{(\frac{C_{2}}{C_{1} + C_{2}})}^{2}}

To obtain

Is solved out

Wherein

From the above equations, C1 ═ 137pF, C2 ═ 110pF, C3 ═ 177pF, and C4 ═ 70pF were determined. Through numerical simulation, the relationship between the efficiency and the coupling coefficient k can be obtained, and referring to fig. 28, it can be seen that when k is 0.05, the transmission efficiency reaches 92.87%, as the distance increases, k increases, the transmission efficiency further increases, and reaches 96.25% when k is 0.3, and in addition, it can be seen that when k > 0.01, the transmission efficiency is always greater than 48%.

In order to obtain the relation of transmission efficiency and transmission distance, here the utility model discloses to two diameters 30cm, the line footpath is the situation that 3 circles of number of turns of 2.5mm are placed to the relative d distance of spiral coil and has carried out three-dimensional electromagnetism emulation, finds its self-inductance L_t，L_rAnd mutual inductance M, its self-inductance L_t＝L_r6.4 μ H byThe relationship between the coupling coefficient k and the distance, see fig. 29, it can be seen that k decreases exponentially with increasing distance, with the coupling coefficient k being about 0.28 at one coil diameter distance, the coupling coefficient k being about 0.006 at two coil diameter distances, and the coupling coefficient k being about 0.002 at three coil diameter distances.

The utility model discloses can derive the relation of efficiency and distance, as shown in fig. 30, can see, locate at 20cm distance, efficiency reaches 93.25%, locate (being one time coil diameter distance) at 30cm, efficiency reaches 84.45%, locate (being 1.5 times coil diameter distance) at 45cm, efficiency is close 56.42%, locate (being 2 times coil diameter distances) at 60cm, and efficiency reaches 25.89%.

In order to illustrate the adjustability of the whole wireless energy transmission device, namely at any distance, the transmission efficiency at the current coupling coefficient k can be maximized by designing the parameters of each element in the efficiency adjusting network. By fixing other parameters to be constant and making k equal to 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, 0.001, respectively, four different capacitance values C1, C2, C3, and C4 in the efficiency adjusting receiving network 5 and the efficiency adjusting transmitting network 2 can be obtained by a formula or a smith chart method, as shown in table 1,

	C1	C2	C3	C4
					k＝0.1	194pF	53pF	148pF	99pF
k＝0.03	107pF	140pF	193pF	54pF
					k＝0.01	62pF	185pF	215pF	32pF

k＝0.001

28pF

219pF

232pF

14pF

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the figure 31, when the distance changes, the transmission efficiency under the current coupling coefficient k (i.e., under the current distance d) can be maximized by only changing the parameters of the elements in the efficiency adjustment receiving network 5 and the efficiency adjustment transmitting network 2.

The utility model discloses can derive the relation of transmission efficiency and distance, as shown in fig. 32, can see from the picture, along with the reduction of k, closely maximum transmission efficiency reduces to some extent, but effective transmission distance prolongs greatly, consequently can optimize the value of each component in the efficiency regulation network according to actual need's transmission distance.

Example 2:

in embodiment 1, the transmitting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 are equal, and in order to illustrate that the whole wireless energy transmission network is also applicable to the asymmetric case, in this embodiment, the transmitting coil 3 and the receiving coil 4 are not equal in size.

The specific circuit parameters are as follows: l is_t＝16μH，L_r＝1.4μH，R_pt＝1ohm，R_pr＝0.2ohm，R_L＝100ohm，R_s＝26ohm，k＝0.05，f＝4Mhz。

From the above equations, C1 ═ 71pF, C2 ═ 28pF, C3 ═ 946pF, and C4 ═ 184pF were determined. Through numerical simulation, a relationship between the efficiency and the coupling coefficient k can be obtained, as shown in fig. 33, it can be seen that when k is 0.05, the transmission efficiency reaches 85.24%, as the distance increases, k increases, the transmission efficiency further increases, and reaches 91.85% when k is 0.3, and in addition, it can be seen that when k > 0.01, the transmission efficiency is always greater than 30%.

The utility model discloses can obtain the relation of transmission efficiency and distance, as shown in fig. 34, when 5cm apart, transmission efficiency reaches 75.4%, when 10cm apart, transmission efficiency reaches 61.18%, when 15cm apart, transmission efficiency reaches 40.13%, when 20cm apart, transmission efficiency reaches 21.01%. It can be seen that the effective transmission distance is reduced compared to example 1 due to the much reduced diameter of the receiver coil 4, but this is suitable for embedding the coil in small electronic devices such as mobile phones, and such effective transmission distance fully meets the application requirements.

Example 3:

in example 1, R_eqr＞R_LAnd R is_eqt＜R_sThe efficiency regulation receiving network 5 adopts CL2 type efficiency regulation network, and the efficiency regulation transmitting network 2 adopts AL1 type efficiency regulation networkAnd the whole wireless energy transmission device works in the states A-C.

Referring to FIG. 35, there is a power source 1 with an optimum load resistance R_sReceiving a load R of 50 ohms_L0.5 ohm, the utility model discloses set for operating frequency to be f 10MHz, then according to the utility model provides a method can obtain the best equivalent reception impedance Z of efficiency_eqrAnd an efficient equivalent transmission impedance Z_eqtMeanwhile, according to the efficiency formula provided by the utility model, the estimated maximum efficiency is 81.79%, the specific parameters are shown in table 2,

k

L_t

R_pt

L_r

R_pr

f

Z_eqr

Z_eqt

efficiency

0.01

15μH

1ohm

5μH

0.3ohm

10MHz

2.996-j*314.16

9.985+j*942.48

81.79％

TABLE 2

In order to achieve the maximum efficiency transmission, the receiving end in this example adopts the structure shown in fig. 16, and the transmitting section adopts the structure shown in fig. 3. The simulation results are shown in Table 3, and in the middle of the first set of values, the present invention combines Z_LExactly matched to Z_eqrIs a reaction of Z_eqtExactly matched to Z_sThe efficiency is completely consistent with the formula provided by the utility model; in the middle of the second group value, some deviations have all been produced to impedance real part imaginary part after the regulation, efficiency can descend very badly, about 66% of strict matching efficiency roughly, real part has some errors in the third group value, but the imaginary part has almost no error, efficiency is still very high, real part error is very big in the fourth group value, the imaginary part still keeps fine identical, efficiency also can descend very fast this moment, about only 68% of strict matching efficiency is left or right, can discover, the utility model discloses a spirit is exactly with the real part and the imaginary part of impedance adjust unanimously as far as possible.

	First set of values	Second set of values	Third set of values	Fourth set of values
					L_r1(μH)	2.04302	2.04	2	1
C_r1(pF)	174.638	174	177.3052	303.867
					C_t1(pF)	9.34036	10	9.4703	12.5428
C_t2(pF)	7.56864	8	7.41886	4.34476
					R_eqr(ohm)	2.995	3.104	3.125	12.519
X_eqr(ohm)	-314.163	-319.34	-314.158	-314.16
					R_eqt(ohm)	9.986	3.622	9.644	3.310
X_eqt(ohm)	942.489	946.469	942.476	942.478
					Eff(％)	81.79％	66％	81.78％	68.153％

TABLE 3

The following is a demonstration prototype made for verifying the characteristics of the wireless energy transmission device. It shows some necessary modules required by the wireless energy transmission device in practical application.

Fig. 36 shows a wireless energy transmission system, 11 is a switching power supply or a transformer, 220V commercial power is converted into direct current, 12 is a high-frequency oscillation source, 4MHz square wave is generated, 13 is a switching high-efficiency power amplifier, 4MHz high-frequency energy wave is output through a frequency-selective filter network, 14 is an efficiency adjustment network, an optimal transmission impedance is matched to an optimal load resistance of the power amplifier, 15 is a transmission coil, a circular magnetic field is formed around the transmission coil, 16 is a receiving coil, when the receiving coil is close to the transmission coil, energy can be coupled to the transmission coil, 17 is a receiving end efficiency adjustment network, load impedance is adjusted to an optimal receiving impedance, 18 is a bridge rectifier circuit of the receiving end, high-frequency alternating current energy is converted into direct current energy, and 19 is a small bulb, which represents a device to be powered or charged. And 20 denotes the magnetic field or field lines around the transmitting coil.

At present, we have made four different diameters of the transmitter coil 15 and the receiver coil 16, the specific parameters are shown in table 4,

diameter D (cm)	Number of turns N	Inductor L (mu H)
			5	9	4.1μH
10	5	4.28μH
			20	5	6.2μH
30	3	6.78μH

TABLE 4

In the demonstration process, the power adapter is only required to be plugged into 220v commercial power to supply power to the transmitting device, when the receiving device with the load (small bulb) to be powered is close to the transmitting device, the small bulb can be obviously seen to be continuously lightened, and the energy is wirelessly transmitted to the receiving device through the device. The brightness of the small bulb changes along with the changes of the distance between the receiving device and the transmitting device and the placing angle, which means that the coupling coefficient between the two coils changes along with the changes of the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil and the relative angle (of course, the output power and the working efficiency of the power amplifier also change along with the changes of the load).

When a 20cm diameter transmitting coil is used as the transmitting device and the receiving device adopts the receiving coil with any diameter, the brightness of the bulb is more than 1.2w within 25cm near the transmitting coil, the orientation and the angle of the bulb are random, as shown in 37(a), 37(b), 37(c) and 37(d), and one transmitter can provide wireless energy transmission for a plurality of receivers. Tests show that the efficiency of the switchboard (the actual power received from the 15v dc input to the final bulb) is above 50% when there are four receiving devices within 25cm of the vicinity of the transmitting coil. And any non-metallic objects present in between hardly reduce the transmission efficiency.

The system block diagram of the wireless energy transmission in practical application is listed, the system block diagram of the transmitting device is shown in fig. 38, and the system block diagram of the receiving device is shown. The block diagram of the wireless energy transmission system can be suitable for various practical occasions, and can be used for wirelessly supplying power or charging small electronic equipment, such as a mobile phone, an MP3, a digital camera and the like; the wireless power supply or charging can be carried out on the medium-sized electronic equipment, such as a notebook computer; and large equipment such as an electric bicycle and an electric automobile can be wirelessly powered or charged.

Referring to a system diagram of a Transmitting device (see fig. 38), the system diagram of the Transmitting device mainly includes a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a Power Amplifier (Power Amplifier), an Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network), a Transmitting Coil (Transmitting Coil), a Human-Machine Interface (Human-Machine Interface), a sensor (Sensors), and a Current/Voltage monitor unit (Current/Voltage detector), wherein a high-frequency oscillating signal generated by the Micro Control Unit (MCU) is amplified by the Power Amplifier (Power Amplifier) and sent to the Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network), and then the signal is transmitted to the Transmitting Coil (Transmitting Coil), and the Current/Voltage monitor unit (Current/Voltage detector) detects abnormal changes in Current and Voltage by the sensor (Sensors) connected to the Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network) and the Transmitting Coil (Transmitting Coil), the detected signals are fed back to a Micro Control Unit (MCU) to be processed, then the Micro Control Unit (MCU) can make corresponding reaction to the output signals so as to adapt to the change of a receiving load and an external environment in real time, the transmission efficiency is optimized at any moment, and a user can carry out various charging and other selections through a Human-Machine Interface (Human-Machine Interface) connected to the Micro Control Unit (MCU). Each module will be briefly described one by one.

The Micro Control Unit (MCU) is responsible for coordinating the operation of each module in the whole wireless energy transmission system, collecting user information sent from a Human-Machine Interface (Human-Machine Interface) and signals transmitted from a sensor (Sensors) and a Current/Voltage monitor unit (Current/Voltage detector) for analysis, and generating corresponding control signals to control the output of a Power Amplifier (Power Amplifier) and parameters of each element in an Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network), so as to ensure that the device to be powered is provided with appropriate Power and good transmission Efficiency according to the user's requirements under any circumstances.

Since the Power Amplifier (Power Amplifier) needs to provide a high-frequency Power signal with a certain Power and a frequency f to the Transmitting Coil (Transmitting Coil), a small signal with the frequency f generated by the Micro Control Unit (MCU) needs to be amplified to a proper Power by the Power Amplifier (Power Amplifier). The power amplifier can adopt a class E power amplifier with high efficiency and working in a switching mode, and the output power can be from 0.01w to 10 kw. The power supply device is controlled by a control signal sent by a Micro Control Unit (MCU) to adjust the transmitting power constantly so as to meet the power requirement of the equipment to be powered on which the power constantly changes.

An Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network), which is an Efficiency adjusting transmission Network 2 at the transmitting end, is used for adjusting the optimal equivalent transmitting impedance Zeqt at the two ends of the transmitting coil to the optimal load resistance Rs of the power source, so as to optimize the Efficiency. It is controlled by a control signal sent by a Micro Control Unit (MCU) to change the values of elements in the network according to the load change of the equipment to be powered, so as to optimize the efficiency.

The Transmitting Coil (Transmitting Coil) is used to couple the Power signal provided by the Power Amplifier (Power Amplifier) to the Receiving Coil (Receiving Coil).

The Human-Machine Interface (Human-Machine Interface) can receive various requests from the user end at any time, such as the user increasing the wireless power supply power, reducing the wireless power supply power or stopping the wireless power supply. The system provides various collected information to a Micro Control Unit (MCU), and the MCU can correspondingly control the corresponding module unit according to the user information. For example, in an automobile charging application, a Human-Machine Interface (Human-Machine Interface) is responsible for determining the type of the automobile, and then informs a Micro Control Unit (MCU) to generate a suitable power signal to provide a suitable charging power, and is also responsible for functions such as charging. In the charging application of small electronic devices such as mobile phones and digital cameras, the user determines the type of the small electronic device to be charged and provides proper charging power for the small electronic device.

The Sensors (Sensors) are used for detecting whether non-power-supply equipment exists in the vicinity of the transmitting device, such as large-area metal objects, organisms and the like, if the Sensors detect the existence of the interference objects, the transmitting device stops working, and an alarm is issued to avoid damaging external equipment and the transmitting device. For example, in automotive charging applications, Sensors (Sensors) are responsible for assisting the alignment of the vehicle with the receiving device of the vehicle while the vehicle is parked in order to improve transmission efficiency.

The sensor (Sensors) and the Current/Voltage monitoring unit (Current/Voltage detector) are used for detecting Current and Voltage on an Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network) and a Transmitting Coil (Transmitting Coil), Current Voltage data are fed back to the Micro Control Unit (MCU), and when a load with charging equipment changes or required power supply changes, the Micro Control Unit (MCU) judges how element parameters in the Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network) should be changed at present according to the collected Voltage and Current relation, so that the normal work of the Efficiency adjusting Network is ensured.

Referring to the system diagram (for example, 39) of the Receiving apparatus, the Receiving apparatus mainly includes a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a Power Amplifier (Power Amplifier), an Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network), a Receiving Coil (Receiving Coil), a Human-Machine Interface (Human-Machine Interface), a sensor (Sensors), a rectifying and Charging Control Unit (Rectifier/Charging Control Unit), a Current/Voltage monitor Unit (Current/Voltage detector), and a Device to be Powered (Device Under Powered), wherein a high-frequency Power signal received from the Receiving Coil (Receiving Coil) is sent to the rectifying and Charging Control Unit (Rectifier/Charging Unit) for integration and Voltage/Current Control through the Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer), so as to ensure that a stable Voltage and a stable Current are provided to the Device to be Powered (Device), the method comprises the steps that the change of Voltage and Current and other abnormal conditions are detected through Sensors (Sensors) connected to an Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network) and a receiving Coil (Transmitting Coil) and a Current/Voltage detector, the detected signals are fed back to a Micro Control Unit (MCU) to be processed, then the Micro Control Unit (MCU) can make corresponding reaction on output signals to adapt to the change of a receiving load and the external environment in real time, the transmission Efficiency is optimized at the moment, and a user can carry out various charging and other selections through a Human-Machine Interface (Human-Machine Interface) connected to the Micro Control Unit (MCU).

An Efficiency adjusting Network (Efficiency Optimizer Network), which is an Efficiency adjusting transmission Network RNet at the transmitting end, is used to adjust the load ZL to Zeqr to optimize Efficiency. It is controlled by a control signal sent by a Micro Control Unit (MCU) to change the values of elements in the network according to the load change of the equipment to be powered, so that the efficiency is optimized.

The Receiving Coil (Receiving Coil) is used to receive the energy coupled from the transmitting Coil.

The Device to be Powered (Device Under Powered) may be various devices that need wireless power supply or charging, such as small electronic devices like mobile phones and digital cameras, or medium-sized devices like electric bicycles, or large-sized devices like electric cars and electric buses, or micro-devices like cardiac pacemakers.

Future application of wireless energy transmission

First, power or charging of small electronic devices, such as the wireless charging pad shown in fig. 40, has one or more transmitters embedded therein to power the charging device. When the charging device is used, a charging device (such as a mobile phone, an MP3, a digital camera and the like) provided with wireless energy receiving is only required to be placed on the wireless charging panel, and the wireless charging panel automatically charges the wireless charging panel.

Fig. 41(a) shows another wireless charging device, a wireless charging stand. The wireless charging rack is a wireless charging device with a three-dimensional multilayer structure, one or more devices to be charged (such as mobile phones, MP3, digital cameras and the like) can be placed on each layer, each layer can be pulled out or rotated away (as shown in figure 41 (b)), the three-dimensional multilayer wireless charging rack can save precious space of a desktop, and the wireless charging rack has good applicability in families, offices and public places.

The following are various small devices to be powered or charged with wireless energy transmission and reception devices embedded therein, such as the mobile phone with wireless energy transmission and reception device shown in fig. 42(a), and the receiving coil and the receiving control circuit can be miniaturized and embedded in the back shell of the mobile phone (as can be clearly seen from fig. 42 (b)). As shown in fig. 43(a), the receiving coil can be embedded in the bottom of the notebook computer (as can be clearly seen from fig. 43 (b)).

Fig. 44 shows a wireless charging table with a wireless energy transmission transmitter embedded in the table with a larger coil or array of smaller coils (as shown in fig. 45(a) and 45 (b)). Some mobile devices, such as laptops, cell phones, cameras, etc., start automatic charging after they are placed on a desktop. And after the charging is finished, the charging is automatically stopped. The traditional wired charging needs a large number of wires and plugs, and if the electric appliances are more, the wires and plugs of the devices are troublesome to keep, and the accessories are troublesome after the wires and the plugs are damaged. Further, many wires are entangled and then are troublesome to clean. And our wireless charging system has saved the trouble of electric wire, and more intelligent, more convenient, also safer (do not have electric leakage scheduling problem). The system is made on a table in a home or an entertainment place, electronic equipment can be charged at any time when people have a rest at ordinary times, and therefore the problem that the electricity consumption of the existing electronic equipment is too large and the electricity quantity is not enough can be solved, for example, the existing large-screen mobile phone, MP4 and the like have very severe electricity consumption, some electronic equipment cannot support even one day, and the problem that the electricity quantity does not need to be worried when the electricity quantity is supplemented at any time due to the instant and convenient wireless charging mode.

Fig. 46 is a perspective view of a household using wireless charging, in which a coil is disposed at each of 8 corners of a room, so that the coverage of wireless energy can be expanded to the whole room, and simultaneously, networking is performed among a plurality of coils in the room, so that the power output of each transmitting device can be automatically controlled according to the orientation of the receiving device, and the efficiency is further improved. The scheme can permanently eliminate the trouble of wires and sockets for most of electric appliances in a room, and the electric appliances are convenient to move.

The utility model discloses not only can use power supply or the charging at small-size electronic equipment, still can provide wireless energy transmission for the main equipment, for example car, bus and electric motor car etc.. As is well known, electric vehicles are the development target of our future clean energy road. The coil can be embedded in the bottom of an electric automobile (as shown in fig. 47(a) and 47 (b)), the bottom of an electric bus (as shown in fig. 48(a) and 48 (b)), the bottom of a battery car (as shown in fig. 49(a) and 49 (b)), or the bottom of other vehicles. Because the power transmitted by the automobile charging is extremely high, a plurality of infinite energy coils (as shown in fig. 47 (b)) can be embedded in the bottom of the automobile, so that the load of each receiving device can be reduced, the design difficulty and the manufacturing cost of the transmitting device and the receiving device are reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved; similarly, the electric bus may have a plurality of coils embedded in the bottom (as shown in fig. 48 (b)). As a good application prospect, the charging coil can be arranged on the bus station. The electric bus can stop for a while after arriving at each platform, and the wireless energy transmission device can charge the electric bus by utilizing the gap. The transmitting coil starts to transmit energy after receiving the signal of the electric bus, and the charging process stops after the bus is driven away. Due to the operation characteristics of the bus, the bus needs to be stopped for many times and the parking positions are relatively fixed, and the scattered time is added up to be enough to supplement enough electric power for the electric bus, so that the wireless charging pile of the electric bus is hopefully popularized in a short time. If wired charging is used, a large number of electric buses in the city need a lot of parking places and charging stations to charge in time, so that continuous and normal operation of the automobiles is ensured. The designed wireless charging system enables the bus to be charged in the process of approaching the bus station, so that time is effectively saved, the complicated processes of plugging and pulling wires are omitted, and a large amount of ground surface resources are saved.

Fig. 50(a) shows a public parking lot capable of providing wireless energy transmission for electric vehicles, in which a wireless energy transmission transmitting device is buried in the ground of each parking space to charge the electric vehicle with a wireless energy receiving device. The public parking lot needs a high-power wireless energy transmitting device due to the short staying time of the automobile, and short-time quick charging is provided for the electric automobile. Fig. 50(b) shows a parking lot of a home or a residential area, and a wireless energy transmission and transmission device is also buried in the ground of each parking lot to charge an electric vehicle with a wireless energy receiving device. Because the automobile staying time in the household parking lot is long, the energy required to be transmitted by the wireless energy transmitting device is much smaller than that in a public parking lot, the automobile of a user can be slowly charged in more than 10 hours at night, and the service life of the rechargeable battery is prolonged.

Fig. 51 is an assumption of a long-term application scenario of wireless energy transfer-a wireless charging highway. Because the battery capacity of the existing electric automobile is limited (the cruising distance is about 100-200 kilometers), and the unit mentioned capacity of the chemical battery hardly has breakthrough development in a short period, the problem that the long-distance travel of the electric automobile is difficult to be overcome in the future is solved, and the wide application of the electric automobile is limited to a great extent. Therefore, aiming at the difficult problem, a charging road can be constructed, and a wireless energy transmission transmitting device is buried under the road surface of the road at fixed intervals, so that the road can continuously provide wireless energy transmission for the electric automobile with the wireless energy transmission receiving device, the energy is supplemented in real time in the driving process of the automobile, and the traveling range of the electric automobile is greatly prolonged. Therefore, the problem of long-distance endurance of the electric automobile is solved, and the long-term development and wide application of the electric automobile can be greatly promoted.

The last application is the power supply or charging of miniature electronic equipment, for example, a cardiac pacemaker, and at present, due to the service life problem of a chemical battery, the service life of a common cardiac pacemaker is 6-8 years, and after the service life is reached, the whole pacemaker needs to be replaced. The replacement process is undoubtedly dangerous. The rechargeable battery of the cardiac pacemaker is charged by using wireless energy transmission, and the cardiac pacemaker does not need to be replaced by a patient through operation only by charging the rechargeable battery of the cardiac pacemaker once at regular intervals (such as half a year or a year). Because the battery capacity of the cardiac pacemaker is relatively small, the required charging power is also small, the whole charging process is very safe, and even the charging process can be completed unconsciously during the sleeping process of a patient. Therefore, the scheme can avoid the life danger and the expensive medical cost brought to the patient by replacing the cardiac pacemaker, and save a large amount of manpower and material resources.

All of the above coils may be planar square (as shown in fig. 52(a1) (a2), planar circular (as shown in fig. 52(b1) (b 2)), planar regular hexagonal (as shown in fig. 52(c1) (c 2)), planar diamond (as shown in fig. 52(d1) (d 2)), planar elliptical (as shown in fig. 52(e1) (e 2)), and planar rectangular (as shown in fig. 52f1) (f 2)). It may also be non-planar, spring-like square, circular, regular hexagonal, diamond, oval, rectangular, as shown in fig. 37.

The wire rods used by all the coils are enameled copper wires, the cross sections of the wire rods are circular or rectangular, and the cross section is from 0.5 to 30 square millimeters. Alternatively, a multi-stranded wire is used, with the number of strands ranging from 10 to 1500.

The basic principles and the main features of the invention and the advantages of the invention have been shown and described above. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that the foregoing embodiments and descriptions are provided only to illustrate the principles of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A wireless energy transmission device is characterized by comprising a power source, a transmitting device and a receiving device;

the transmitting device comprises a transmitting coil and an equivalent transmitting impedance Z for optimizing the efficiency of the two ends of the transmitting coil_eqtAdjusting to the optimum load impedance Z of the power source_sOne end of the efficiency adjusting and transmitting network is connected with a transmitting coil, and the other end of the efficiency adjusting and transmitting network is connected with a power source;

the receiving device comprises a receiving coil for energy coupling with the transmitting coil via an alternating electromagnetic fieldTo receive a load impedance Z_LAdjusting the effective equivalent receive impedance Z to both ends of the receive coil_eqrOne end of the efficiency adjusting receiving network is connected with the receiving coil, and the other end of the efficiency adjusting receiving network is connected with the receiving load;

the optimum load impedance Z of the power source_s＝R_s+jX_s；

The receiving load impedance Z_L＝R_L+jX_L；

An efficient equivalent receive impedance across the receive coil

The most efficient equivalent transmit impedance

Wherein R is_sIs the optimum load resistance of the power source, X_sIs the optimum load reactance, R, of the power source_LIs receiving a load resistance, X_LIs a receiving load reactance, k is a coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, ω is an operating angular frequency of the entire wireless energy transmission device, L_tIs self-inductance of the transmitting coil, R_ptIs the loss resistance of the transmitting coil, L_rIs the self-inductance of the receiving coil, R_prIs a loss resistance of the receiving coil, R_eqrIs the most efficient equivalent receiving resistance, X_eqrIs the most efficient equivalent receive reactance, R_eqtIs the most efficient equivalent emission resistance, X_eqtIs the most efficient equivalent transmit reactance and j is the imaginary unit.

2. The wireless energy transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the efficiency adjustment receiving network and the efficiency adjustment transmitting network both employ a class a operating mode efficiency adjustment network; the type-a operation mode efficiency adjustment network is one of a two-element AL1 type efficiency adjustment network, an AL2 type efficiency adjustment network, an AL3 type efficiency adjustment network, or an AL4 type efficiency adjustment network, or one of a three-element APi1 type efficiency adjustment network, an APi2 type efficiency adjustment network, an APi3 type efficiency adjustment network, or an APi4 type efficiency adjustment network, or one of a three-element AT1 type efficiency adjustment network, an AT2 type efficiency adjustment network, an AT3 type efficiency adjustment network, an AT4 type efficiency adjustment network, or an AT5 type efficiency adjustment network.

3. The wireless energy transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the efficiency adjustment receiving network and the efficiency adjustment transmitting network both employ a class C operating mode efficiency adjustment network; the C-type operation mode efficiency adjustment network employs one of a two-element CL1 type efficiency adjustment network or a CL2 type efficiency adjustment network, one of a three-element CPi1 type efficiency adjustment network or a CPi2 type efficiency adjustment network, or one of a three-element CT1 type efficiency adjustment network, a CT2 type efficiency adjustment network, a CT3 type efficiency adjustment network or a CT4 type efficiency adjustment network.

4. The wireless energy transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the efficiency adjustment receiving network and the efficiency adjustment transmitting network both employ a class B operating mode efficiency adjustment network; the class B operating mode efficiency adjustment network employs one of a one element type B1 efficiency adjustment network or a type B2 efficiency adjustment network.

5. The wireless energy transmission device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the receiving load can be a device to be powered and/or a charging device.

6. The wireless energy transmission device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power source is a radio frequency power source.