CN202177701U - Device for extracting scintillation pulse information - Google Patents
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- CN202177701U CN202177701U CN2011201147749U CN201120114774U CN202177701U CN 202177701 U CN202177701 U CN 202177701U CN 2011201147749 U CN2011201147749 U CN 2011201147749U CN 201120114774 U CN201120114774 U CN 201120114774U CN 202177701 U CN202177701 U CN 202177701U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for extracting scintillation pulse information. The device includes a threshold voltage setting module connecting with a front end detector as an analog interface. The threshold voltage setting module is used for setting at least three threshold voltages according to an average peak value of the scintillation pulse in a certain energy spectrum range. The device also includes a time sampling module used for obtaining moment values when voltages of a rising edge and a falling edge achieve each threshold voltages and combining into a plurality of sampling points. Each sampling point is composed of a moment value and a corresponding threshold voltage. The device also includes a pulse rebuilding module. Part of the sampling points of the time sampling module is taken as rebuilding sampling points. And a scintillation pulse wave form is rebuilt according to a pulse model. The device also includes an information obtaining module obtaining pulse data of original scintillation pulse according to the rebuilt scintillation pulse wave form. By using the device for extracting the scintillation pulse information in the utility model, fully digitalized scintillation pulse data obtaining and processing can be realized, the stability of a scintillation pulse data obtaining system and the adaptability to detectors in different types is improved are improved effectively.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to high-energy physics detector and signal Processing field, is specifically related to a kind of device that extracts scintillation pulse information, can be applicable to high energy particle and surveys, examines medical imaging equipment etc.
Background technology
In most high energy particle field of detecting; And computer tomography (Computed Tomography; Hereinafter to be referred as CT), positron emission tomography (Positron Emission Tomography; Hereinafter to be referred as PET), single photon emission computerized tomography (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography; Hereinafter to be referred as SPECT) etc. the medical imaging field; The scintillation pulse signal that data acquistion system is gathered, handled all is to convert visible light by high energy particle (like gamma-rays, X ray etc.) to through scintillation crystal, is converted to the electric signal that can observe through electrooptical device again, and typical scintillation pulse waveform is as shown in Figure 1.The temporal information of scintillation pulse is that the concrete time value of relative fixed point obtains in the pulse through measuring; The energy information of scintillation pulse is through calculating the electrically charged total amount of institute, being pulse waveform area acquisition; The positional information of scintillation pulse, be between the comparator probe four " angle signals " producing relative size obtain the relative position of scintillation pulse on detector (X, Y).
Traditional scintillation pulse data preparation method is based on mimic channel or analog to digital hybrid circuit; Handling fast, the scintillation pulse signal demand passes through steps such as simulation amplification, filtering, integration; The characteristic of drift can take place with the change performance of temperature, time in mimic channel, makes that it is a very thing of difficulty that detector performance is remained on optimum condition.In addition, simulation amplification, filtering, integral process are set to the characteristic of specific detector, and therefore there is very big restriction in traditional scintillation pulse data acquistion system on the adaptability of different detectors.
The digitizing scintillation pulse data preparation method that exists at present, most scintillation pulse data preparation methods based on analog-to-digital conversion device (Analog-to-Digital Convertor is hereinafter to be referred as ADC).Because the rise time of scintillation pulse is usually between 1ns～10ns; The damping time constant passage (depends on type photodetector) between 10ns～300ns; If use ADC to the scintillation pulse Direct Sampling; This just requires the sample rate of ADC more than 1GHz, could obtain the acceptable temporal resolution, more than 200MHz, just can obtain acceptable energy resolution and spatial resolution.High sampling rate requires high processing rate and high-transmission bandwidth, can obtain system design to data and bring huge difficulty.Digitizing scintillation pulse at present obtains the mimic channel that system still need use a part of filtering, shaping, scintillation pulse is fast become signal comparatively at a slow speed after, use ADC to sample than low velocity.Therefore, with present technology, can not realize totally digitilized scintillation pulse data acquistion system based on ADC.
On gamma-ray photon is surveyed, have a kind of method and apparatus (US 7199370B2) at present, this method under the situation of not using ADC, can obtain pulse energy, time to peak and after time constant.This method specific practice is that two reference voltage V are set in advance
i, V
j, V
j＜V
iMeasure pulse negative edge voltage and be in V
iAnd V
jBetween mistiming t
Ij, through formula
T＝t
ij/In(V
i/V
j)
Can calculate constant T after time of this scintillation pulse; Afterwards, two reference voltage V are set in advance
k, V
l, measure pulse voltage amplitude respectively greater than V
kTime t
kAnd pulse voltage amplitude is greater than V
lTime t
l, through formula
S=V wherein
l/ V
k-1, can calculate the peak amplitude V of this scintillation pulse
p, V
pThe relative size that can represent this pulse energy; Afterwards, preliminary election is provided with a reference voltage V
m, measure rising edge of a pulse voltage and be in V
mAnd V
iBetween time t
Mi, through formula
t
p＝(V
i/(V
i-V
m))t
mi
Can calculate the time to peak t of this scintillation pulse
pThis method exist three significantly not enough: time measurement all is the time spans of being separated by between 2 in the pulse in (1) this method, is not this absolute time value of 2, so the peak value of pulse time t that obtains of this method
pThe relative time of just representing the whole relatively pulse of peak value, promptly peak value occurred in which of this pulse time period, and can not represent the concrete time of this pulse generation; (2) this method can't obtain the positional information of scintillation pulse; (3) this method only uses two reference voltages to obtain pulse energy, and it is bigger therefore to obtain the pulse energy error.Based on above defective, this method can not independently be formed a digitizing scintillation pulse data acquistion system.
Based on the MVT method of sampling of time-sampling principle, by the new method of sampling of people such as Qingguo Xie proposition in 2005.Be not used in the ADC sampling and be the known sampling time, magnitude of voltage is sampled that the MVT sampling is known sampled voltage, time value is sampled, and obtains sampled point.
Use the MVT method of sampling that the scintillation pulse rising edge is sampled, the sampled point that obtains is carried out linear fit, can obtain temporal information (Qingguo Xie, the Chien-Min Kao of original pulse; Xi Wang, Ning Guo, Caigang Zhu, Henry Frisch; William W Moses and Chin-Tu Chen, " Potentials of Digitally Sampling Scintillation Pulses in Timing Determination in PET, " IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci., Vol 56; Issue 5, pp.2607-2613,2009) and interior energy information (H.Kim, the C.Kao of certain ability spectral limit; Q.Xie, C.Chen, L.Zhou, F.Tang; H.Frisch, W.Moses, W.Choong, " Amulti-threshold sampling method for tof-pet signal processing; " Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Vol.602; Issue 2, pp.618-621,2009).But this that deliver two method threshold voltages are few and establishing method is very simple; All sampled points all participate in calculating; This can bring an obvious defects; Be the scintillation pulse that limited threshold voltage can accurately do not measured whole energy spectrum scope, especially when the scintillation pulse amplitude hour.Because obtaining of scintillation pulse positional information; Be through the scintillation pulse of resistor network with a normal amplitude; Be divided into four scintillation pulses not of uniform size (angle signal); Through what relatively the mutual ratio of amplitude (energy) obtained between them, these four pulse amplitudes are all less, thereby these two kinds of methods of delivering all can't be obtained the positional information of scintillation pulse.
Typical scintillation pulse waveform is as shown in Figure 1, and this waveform is made up of the negative edge of zooming rising edge and decline at a slow speed.The ascending velocity of rising edge is determined by scintillation crystal and electrooptical device jointly; The rate of decay of negative edge is by the characteristic decision of scintillation crystal.
Under the situation of consideration of noise not; Single scintillation pulse model has multiple expression-form; Wherein comparatively commonly used a kind of be that the single scintillation pulse is considered to the ideal signal model that the negative edge of the rising edge that risen by linearity and index decreased constitutes; Desirable scintillation pulse waveform is as shown in Figure 2, and its waveform model is not suc as formula (1) institute
Wherein, LineK is the slope of rising edge straight line, LineK＞0, and LineB is the rising edge intercept, can be any number and rising edge start time is linear relationship; ExpK is a damping time constant, ExpK＜0, parameter ExpB can be any number, with the negative edge start time be linear relationship, tp is the peak value of pulse time.Therefore; An ideal glint pulse is described by four parameter L ineK, LineB, ExpK, ExpB; Information such as the start time of scintillation pulse signal, time to peak, peak amplitude, energy, twilight sunset constant all can be obtained by these four calculation of parameter, and computing formula is following
(a) pulse start time t0
(b) time to peak tp, solvable equation (3) obtains approximate solution,
LineK×t+LineB＝exp(ExpK×t+ExpB) (3)
(c) peak amplitude Vp
Vp＝LineK×tp+LineB (4)
(d) energy E
(e) position P (X, Y)
E wherein
1, E
2, E
3, E
4Be respectively four angle signals energy value separately of forming this pulse
(f) twilight sunset constant τ
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of device that extracts scintillation pulse information; Utilize voltage threshold and high accurate calculagraph; Scintillation pulse is sampled; And select suitable sampled point to rebuild the scintillation pulse waveform, obtain time, energy, position, the after time information such as constant of original pulse.The utility model can not rely on mimic channel fully, realize that the scintillation pulse data of total digitalization obtain and handle, and can effectively improve the stability of scintillation pulse data acquistion system and to the adaptability of dissimilar detectors.
The device of the Digital Extraction scintillation pulse information that the utility model provides comprises:
Threshold voltage is provided with module, is connected with preceding end detector as analog interface, is used for setting at least three threshold voltages according to the average peak of scintillation pulse in certain energy spectrum scope;
The time-sampling module, the voltage that obtains scintillation pulse rising edge and negative edge respectively reaches the moment value of each threshold voltage, and forms a plurality of sampled points, and wherein each sampled point is made up of a moment value and its corresponding threshold voltage;
The pulse rebuilding module selects the part sampled point as rebuilding sampled point from a plurality of sampled points of said time-sampling module, according to the pulse model, rebuilds said scintillation pulse waveform;
The information acquisition module, it obtains the pulse data of original scintillation pulse according to the scintillation pulse waveform of said reconstruction.
Wherein, threshold voltage is provided with module and comprises that voltage is provided with module and discriminator module, wherein,
Voltage is provided with module and sets out threshold voltage according to scintillation pulse at the peak value of certain energy spectrum scope;
The discriminator module is used for magnitude relationship between comparison scintillation pulse voltage and the threshold voltage, and when pulse voltage arrives threshold voltage, produces trigger pip.
The device of the Digital Extraction scintillation pulse information that the utility model provides is a plurality of threshold voltages of feature-set of the tested scintillation pulse of foundation at first; Accurately measure the time that scintillation pulse voltage was raised to or dropped to each threshold voltage, time value that measures and corresponding threshold voltage are promptly formed a sampled point; According to the threshold voltage number that scintillation pulse triggers, select suitable sampled point; Utilize these sampled points,, original scintillation pulse is rebuild according to the scintillation pulse model; The scintillation pulse waveform that obtains through reconstruction obtains time, energy, position, the after time information such as constant of original pulse.The utility model can realize that the scintillation pulse data of total digitalization obtain and handle, and can effectively improve the stability of scintillation pulse data acquistion system and to the adaptability of dissimilar detectors.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is typical scintillation pulse signal;
Fig. 2 is desirable scintillation pulse model;
Fig. 3 extracts the process flow diagram of scintillation pulse information approach for the utility model;
Fig. 4 extracts the system construction drawing of scintillation pulse massaging device for the utility model;
Fig. 5 extracts the coincident event mistiming histogram that the scintillation pulse temporal information obtains for the utility model;
Fig. 6 extracts the power spectrum histogram that the scintillation pulse energy information obtains for the utility model;
Fig. 7 extracts the detector position spectrogram that the scintillation pulse positional information obtains for the utility model;
Fig. 8 extracts the scintillation pulse twilight sunset constant histogram of pulse constant after time information acquisition for the utility model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and instance the technical scheme of the utility model is done further to specify.
The system structure of device block diagram of the extraction scintillation pulse information that the utility model provides is as shown in Figure 4.This device comprises that threshold voltage is provided with module 100, time-sampling module 200, pulse rebuilding module 300 and information acquisition pulse 400.
Threshold voltage is provided with module 100 and is used for according to the scintillation pulse characteristic; Setting is no less than 3 separate threshold voltages; When scintillation pulse voltage is elevated to each threshold voltage and scintillation pulse voltage produce trigger pip when dropping to each threshold voltage, and trigger pip is delivered to time-sampling module 200.
This module is divided into two sub-module, is respectively voltage module 110 and discriminator module 120 are set.Voltage be provided with module 110 be used for according to the scintillation pulse characteristic automatically or artificial setting be no less than 3 threshold voltage; Discriminator module 120 is used for when scintillation pulse rising edge voltage reaches each threshold voltage and scintillation pulse negative edge voltage when dropping to each threshold voltage, produces trigger pip immediately, and trigger pip is sent to time-sampling module 200.
Above-mentioned voltage is provided with in the module 110, and the threshold voltage number is no less than 3, and number of voltages is The more the better in principle, but can receive the restriction of factors such as cost and engineering development difficulty; The concrete voltage value of each threshold value needs to set according to the average amplitude experience of scintillation pulse peak value, high threshold voltage is set in principle is no more than Peak, is not less than 0.7Peak; Lowest threshold voltage is set is no more than 0.1Peak, be not less than 0; 0.1Peak, be no less than 1 to the threshold voltage number between the 0.6Peak; Other threshold voltages can be arranged on optional position between lowest threshold voltage and the high threshold voltage.
Time-sampling module 200 is used for measurement threshold voltage the concrete moment that module 100 produces trigger pip is set, and moment value that measures and corresponding threshold voltage are promptly formed a sampled point, and the sampled point that obtains is passed to pulse rebuilding module 300.
This pulse rebuilding module 300 comprises sampled point selection module 310 and match rebuilding module 320
Sampled point selects module 310 to be used for selecting suitable sampled point to be sent to match rebuilding module 320 according to the threshold voltage number that produces trigger pip.
Above-mentioned sampled point is selected in the module 310, selects the concrete way of suitable sampled point to be according to the threshold voltage number that produces trigger pip:
If trigger action threshold voltage number N is more than 3, between high threshold voltage of then selecting to trigger and the lowest threshold voltage, be no less than sampled point that 2 threshold voltages produce as rebuilding sampled point; If no more than 3 of trigger action threshold voltage number, the sampled point that the threshold voltage of then selecting all to be triggered produces is as rebuilding sampled point.
The detailed process of match rebuilding module 320 is:
(a) the reconstruction sampled point that the scintillation pulse rising edge is produced carries out linear fit by following formula, obtains rising edge reconstruction parameter LineK and LineB:
y(x)＝LineK×x+LineB (1)
Wherein, LineK is the slope of rising edge straight line, LineK＞0, and LineB is the rising edge intercept, can be arbitrary value, and x is the time value that time-sampling obtains, and y (x) is at x time value corresponding threshold voltage; This module also can be according to other scintillation pulse models, and the paired pulses rising edge rises along rebuilding.
(b) the reconstruction sampled point that the scintillation pulse negative edge is produced carries out exponential fitting by following formula, obtains negative edge reconstruction parameter ExpK and ExpB, rebuilds:
y(x)＝exp(ExpK×x+ExpB) (2)
Wherein, ExpK is a damping time constant, ExpK＜0, and ExpB can be arbitrary value, and x is the time value that time-sampling obtains, and y (x) is at x time value corresponding threshold voltage; This module also can rise under the paired pulses along rebuilding according to other scintillation pulse models.
(c) LineK, LineB, ExpK, four parameters of ExpB are sent to information acquisition module 400.
Time, the energy that information acquisition module 400 is used to utilize pulse to rebuild 300 four pulse waveform reconstruction parameters of LineK, LineB, ExpK, ExpB of obtaining to obtain original pulse, position, after time information such as constant.
This module is divided into four sub-module, is respectively burst length information acquisition module 410, pulse energy information acquisition module 420, pulse position information acquisition module 430, pulse twilight sunset constant acquisition module 440.Burst length information acquisition module 410 is used for obtaining from the reconstruction waveform temporal information of original pulse; Pulse energy information acquisition module 420 is used for from rebuilding the energy information that waveform obtains original pulse; Pulse position information acquisition module 430 is used for obtaining the positional information of original pulse from rebuilding pulse; Pulse twilight sunset constant acquisition module 440 is used for obtaining from the reconstruction waveform constant information after time of original pulse.
Burst length information acquisition module 410 obtains the detailed process in burst length:
Burst length t0
Pulse energy information acquisition module 420 obtains the detailed process of pulse energy:
Energy E
Pulse position information acquisition module 430 obtains the detailed process of pulse position:
Pulse position P (X, Y)
E wherein
1, E
2, E
3, E
4Be respectively four angle signals energy value separately of forming this pulse.
Pulse twilight sunset constant acquisition module 440 obtains the detailed process of pulse constant after time:
Twilight sunset constant τ
The device of the utility model can be applicable in the various high energy particle detection systems; And position emissron tomography (Positron Emission Tomography; PET) system, single photon emission computerized tomography (Single-Photo Emission Computed Tomography, SPECT) system; (Computed Tomography is CT) in the large-scale nucleus medical image equipment such as system for computed tomography imaging.
The utility model not only is confined to above-mentioned embodiment; Persons skilled in the art are according to the disclosed content of the utility model; Can adopt other multiple embodiment to implement the utility model, therefore, project organization of every employing the utility model and thinking; Do some simple designs that change or change, all fall into the scope of the utility model protection.
A kind of scintillation pulse data acquisition facility that the utility model proposes relates to several parameters, and these parameters need be regulated to reach good performance to concrete deal with data.List the parameter that should use the instance processes data here:
The importing digital pulse collects scintillation pulse for using 10 * 10 LYSO array crystal and Hamamtsu R8900PMT in the step (1.1), and typical waveform is shown in Figure 1.Sampling rate is 10GSps, gathers four angle signals simultaneously.Energy spectrum scope high-energy photon of (energy of pulse is 511KeV above the target mountain) between 500KeV-550KeV produces the average pulse peak value and is about 300mV, and the average pulse rising edge time is about 5ns, and the detector damping time constant is 47ns.
Step (1.2) is provided with 4 threshold voltages, and concrete amplitude is respectively 23mV, 63mV, 135mV, 239mV;
Step (2.1) accuracy of timekeeping is 160ps, and error is 160ps.
Claims (3)
1. device that extracts scintillation pulse information comprises:
Threshold voltage is provided with module (100), is connected with preceding end detector as analog interface, is used for setting at least three threshold voltages according to the average peak of scintillation pulse in certain energy spectrum scope;
Time-sampling module (200), the voltage that obtains scintillation pulse rising edge and negative edge respectively reaches the moment value of each threshold voltage, and forms a plurality of sampled points, and wherein each sampled point is made up of a moment value and its corresponding threshold voltage;
Pulse rebuilding module (300) selects the part sampled point as rebuilding sampled point from a plurality of sampled points of said time-sampling module (200), according to the pulse model, rebuilds said scintillation pulse waveform;
Information acquisition module (400), it obtains the pulse data of original scintillation pulse according to the scintillation pulse waveform of said reconstruction;
Wherein, said threshold voltage is provided with module (100) and comprises that voltage is provided with module (110) and discriminator module (120), wherein,
Shown in voltage module (110) be set set out threshold voltage at the peak value of certain energy spectrum scope according to scintillation pulse;
Shown in discriminator module (120) be used for magnitude relationship between comparison scintillation pulse voltage and the threshold voltage, and when pulse voltage arrives threshold voltage, produce trigger pip.
2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said pulse rebuilding module (300) comprises sampled point selection module (310) and match rebuilding module (320), wherein,
Said sampled point selects module (310) to be used for selecting suitable sampled point to be sent to match rebuilding module 320 according to the threshold voltage number that produces trigger pip;
Said match rebuilding module (320) is used to rebuild said scintillation pulse model, and detailed process is:
(a) according to the scintillation pulse model, the reconstruction sampled point that uses rising edge of a pulse to produce is rebuild the scintillation pulse rising edge;
(b) according to the scintillation pulse model, the reconstruction sampled point that uses the pulse negative edge to produce is rebuild the scintillation pulse negative edge.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 said devices, it is characterized in that described information acquisition module (400) comprises burst length information acquisition module (410); Pulse energy information acquisition module (420); Pulse position information acquisition module (430) and pulse constant after time acquisition module (440), wherein
Said burst length information acquisition module (410) is used for obtaining the temporal information of original scintillation pulse through rebuilding the scintillation pulse waveform;
Said pulse energy information acquisition module (420) is used for obtaining the energy information of original scintillation pulse through rebuilding the scintillation pulse waveform;
Shown in pulse position information acquisition module (430) be used for obtaining the positional information of original scintillation pulse through rebuilding the scintillation pulse waveform;
Said pulse constant after time acquisition module (440) is used for obtaining constant after time of original scintillation pulse through rebuilding the scintillation pulse waveform.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102262238A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-11-30 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Method and device for extracting scintillation pulse information |
| CN104217447A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-17 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Method for reconstructing PET (Positron Emission Tomography) image and medical imaging system |
| WO2015070504A1 (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-21 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring time point where glimmering pulse passes over threshold |
| CN109581461A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学技术大学 | Core pulse energy measuring method and system |
| CN110226943A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-13 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Calculation method of parameters, device and the computer equipment of photon arrival detector |
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2011
- 2011-04-19 CN CN2011201147749U patent/CN202177701U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| CN102262238A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-11-30 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Method and device for extracting scintillation pulse information |
| CN102262238B (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2014-07-23 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Method and device for extracting scintillation pulse information |
| US9772408B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2017-09-26 | Raycan Technology Co., Ltd. (Su Zhou) | Method and device for extracting scintillation pulse information |
| CN104217447A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-17 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Method for reconstructing PET (Positron Emission Tomography) image and medical imaging system |
| CN104217447B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2018-08-03 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of method and medical imaging system for PET image reconstruction |
| WO2015070504A1 (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-21 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring time point where glimmering pulse passes over threshold |
| US10120342B2 (en) | 2013-11-14 | 2018-11-06 | Raycan Technology Co., Ltd. | Method and device for acquiring time point where glimmering pulse passes over threshold |
| CN109581461A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学技术大学 | Core pulse energy measuring method and system |
| CN110226943A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-13 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Calculation method of parameters, device and the computer equipment of photon arrival detector |
| CN113057667A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-02 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | PET detector signal sampling method, device, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN113057667B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2023-08-15 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | PET detector signal sampling method, device, electronic device and storage medium |
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