CN202176458U - High-efficiency wind power generation device - Google Patents
High-efficiency wind power generation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种高效风力发电装置,其特征在于:是由集风筒、中心筒、扩散筒、叶轮、发电机、加固钢带、凹形架、小支架、楔形垫块、偏航平台、大齿轮圈、小齿轮、减速机、偏航电机、风向检测器、滚轮、中心轴、大平台、大支架、控制箱组成。本实用新型可以达到小型化、大装机容量,低投资、高效益的效果。集风装置使地表较弱的风加速,可以建在低空,因而大幅降低成本。偏航机构使集风装置随时跟踪风向变化,朝向最佳风向。垂直轴风力机叶轮的迎风面进入到中心筒中,逆风面在中心筒的外面,经集风筒加速后的低速风进入中心筒中,推动迎风面叶轮旋转,正力矩大大增加;在集风筒在遮挡下风力减少,负力矩大大降低,提高了发电效率。
The utility model relates to a high-efficiency wind power generation device, which is characterized in that it is composed of an air collecting cylinder, a central cylinder, a diffuser cylinder, an impeller, a generator, a reinforced steel belt, a concave frame, a small bracket, a wedge-shaped pad, and a yaw platform , large gear ring, pinion gear, reducer, yaw motor, wind direction detector, roller, central shaft, large platform, large bracket, and control box. The utility model can achieve the effects of miniaturization, large installed capacity, low investment and high benefit. The wind collector accelerates the weaker wind on the surface and can be built at a low altitude, thus greatly reducing the cost. The yaw mechanism enables the wind collecting device to track the change of wind direction at any time and face the best wind direction. The windward side of the impeller of the vertical axis wind turbine enters the central tube, and the upwind side is outside the central tube. The low-speed wind accelerated by the air collecting tube enters the central tube, pushing the impeller on the windward side to rotate, and the positive moment is greatly increased; The wind force is reduced under shading, the negative moment is greatly reduced, and the power generation efficiency is improved.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种能在低空、弱风状态下,低成本高效率发电的设备,特别涉及一种通过集风来增加风速,提高发电效率的高效风力发电装置。 The utility model relates to a low-cost and high-efficiency power generation device under low altitude and weak wind conditions, in particular to a high-efficiency wind power generation device which increases wind speed by collecting wind and improves power generation efficiency.
背景技术 Background technique
在全球倡导低碳循环经济、可持续发展以及化石能源资源日益枯竭的今天,可再生能源的开发利用在各国家受到了高度重视。在再生能源中水利发电需建水电站,缺点是破坏生态环境、受地域限制;太阳能光伏发电的缺点是电池板价格昂贵、提炼单晶硅和多晶硅需消耗大量能源。而风能发电则是最清洁的,成本也远远低于太阳能发电。人类研究风力发电已有百年历史,到目前为止主要有二种形式:水平轴和垂直轴风力发电机,其中水平轴风力机主要用于大型机组并网发电,也有部分小型机离网发电。而垂直轴风力机一直以来被认为效率低于水平轴风力机,因此发展的比较慢,但近年来世界各国又重新开始认识垂直轴风力机,展开了大规模的研发,各种机型乘出不穷,主流机型有达里厄型和萨渥纽斯型两种,全球装机容量逐年增加。上述两种风力发电机各有优缺点。水平轴使用高空中的高风速,因而要架在近百米的塔座上,整体设备庞大、桨叶长达60m以上;结构复杂、机舱近百吨重、需大吨位吊车、安装难度大、安装地点范围窄、在高山和远离国家电网等处无法安装;造价昂贵,每千瓦装机容量投资超过1万元人民币,发电成本远远大于火电、水电、核电,投资回收期长等缺陷,在一定程度上限制了发展。垂直轴风力机虽然已研制出多种新机型,但还没有从根本上解决效率低的问题,目前尚未大范围推广。 In today's global advocacy of low-carbon circular economy, sustainable development and the depletion of fossil energy resources, the development and utilization of renewable energy has been highly valued in various countries. Among the renewable energy sources, hydroelectric power generation requires the construction of hydropower stations, which have the disadvantages of damaging the ecological environment and being restricted by regions; the disadvantages of solar photovoltaic power generation are that the panels are expensive, and it takes a lot of energy to extract monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. Wind power is the cleanest and costs far less than solar power. Human beings have been studying wind power generation for a hundred years. So far, there are mainly two types: horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. Among them, horizontal axis wind turbines are mainly used for large-scale generators connected to the grid for power generation, and some small machines are used for off-grid power generation. The vertical axis wind turbine has always been considered to be less efficient than the horizontal axis wind turbine, so the development is relatively slow. There are two mainstream models: Darrieus type and Savonius type, and the global installed capacity is increasing year by year. Both of the above wind turbines have their own advantages and disadvantages. The horizontal axis uses the high wind speed in the sky, so it has to be erected on a tower of nearly 100 meters. The overall equipment is huge, and the blades are more than 60 meters long; the structure is complex, the cabin weighs nearly 100 tons, and a large-tonnage crane is required. The installation site range is narrow, and it cannot be installed in high mountains and places far away from the national grid; the cost is expensive, and the investment per kilowatt of installed capacity exceeds 10,000 yuan. The cost of power generation is much higher than that of thermal power, hydropower, and nuclear power. Development is limited to a certain extent. Although many new types of vertical axis wind turbines have been developed, the problem of low efficiency has not been fundamentally solved, and it has not been widely promoted yet.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型克服了上述发电装置存在的缺陷,目的是提供一种结构简单、制造成本低、维护方便的高效风力发电装置。 The utility model overcomes the defects of the above power generation device, and aims to provide a high-efficiency wind power generation device with simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient maintenance.
本实用新型高效风力发电装置内容简述: Brief description of the content of the utility model high-efficiency wind power generation device:
本实用新型高效风力发电装置,其特征在于:是由集风筒、中心筒、扩散筒、叶轮、发电机、加固钢带、凹形架、小支架、楔形垫块、偏航平台、大齿轮圈、小齿轮、减速机、偏航电机、风向检测器、滚轮、中心轴、大平台、大支架、控制箱组成,大平台通过大支架固定在地面上,偏航平台的底部设有滚轮及大齿轮圈,在大平台上面设有风向检测器、偏航电机和减速机、小齿轮,偏航电机和减速机、大齿轮圈、小齿轮传动连接,偏航平台在偏航电机、减速机、大齿轮圈、小齿轮的驱动下绕中心轴在大平台上转动,集风筒、中心筒、扩散筒连为一体,构成集风装置,通过加固钢带、凹形架、小支架、楔形垫块固定在偏航平台上。 The high-efficiency wind power generation device of the utility model is characterized in that: it is composed of an air collecting tube, a central tube, a diffuser tube, an impeller, a generator, a reinforced steel belt, a concave frame, a small bracket, a wedge-shaped pad, a yaw platform, and a large gear. ring, pinion, reducer, yaw motor, wind direction detector, roller, central shaft, large platform, large bracket, and control box. The large platform is fixed on the ground through the large bracket, and the bottom of the yaw platform is equipped with a roller and a large gear. A wind direction detector, a yaw motor, a reducer, and a pinion are arranged on the large platform, and the yaw motor and a reducer, a large Driven by the ring and pinion, it rotates on the large platform around the central axis, and the air collecting cylinder, the central cylinder and the diffuser cylinder are connected as a whole to form the air collecting device, which is fixed on the on the yaw platform.
集风装置:由流线形喇叭状的集风筒与中心筒及扩散筒组成,流线形喇叭状的集风筒与中心筒及扩散筒呈连为一体式的结构,集风装置通过设置在偏航平台上的凹形架及小支架,及加固钢带、楔形垫块将集风装置固定在偏航平台上,偏航平台在大平台上转动。 Air collecting device: It is composed of a streamlined horn-shaped air collecting tube, a central tube and a diffuser tube. The concave frame and small bracket on the yaw platform, as well as the reinforced steel belt and the wedge-shaped cushion block fix the wind collecting device on the yaw platform, and the yaw platform rotates on the large platform.
大平台上设有风向检测器,风向检测器随风向转动,其角度变化的数据和发电机额定转速数据经过控制芯片处理后传给偏航电机,带动减速机、小齿轮、大齿轮圈,使偏航平台转动。 There is a wind direction detector on the large platform, and the wind direction detector rotates with the wind direction. The data of the angle change and the rated speed data of the generator are processed by the control chip and then transmitted to the yaw motor, which drives the reducer, the pinion gear and the large gear ring, so that The yaw platform rotates.
集风装置随时跟踪风向变化,朝向最佳的对风方向,当风速较低、发电机低于额定转速运行时,集风筒追随主风向;当风速较高,发电机高于额定转速运行时,集风筒避开主风向,减少进风量。 The wind collecting device tracks the change of wind direction at any time, and faces the best wind direction. When the wind speed is low and the generator is running below the rated speed, the air collecting tube will follow the main wind direction; when the wind speed is high and the generator is running above the rated speed , The air collector avoids the main wind direction and reduces the air intake.
高效风力发电装置内配置水平轴或垂直轴两种风力发电机;配置水平轴发电机组时,采用立柱将螺旋桨叶和发电机直接架在圆柱形中心筒中,立柱固定在偏航平台上;配置垂直轴发电机组时,发电机直接安装在偏航平台上,叶轮的转轴则安装在长方形中心筒一侧的立壁上,叶轮的迎风面进入到中心筒中,逆风面在中心筒外,并被集风筒遮挡。 The high-efficiency wind power generation device is equipped with horizontal axis or vertical axis wind turbines; when configuring horizontal axis generator sets, the propeller blades and the generator are directly mounted in the cylindrical central tube by columns, and the columns are fixed on the yaw platform; In the shaft generator set, the generator is directly installed on the yaw platform, and the rotating shaft of the impeller is installed on the vertical wall on one side of the rectangular central tube. The windward side of the impeller enters the central tube, and the upwind side is outside the central tube, and is collected Barrel occlusion.
本实用新型高效风力发电装置,结构简单,占地面积小、灵活机动,可以随意拆卸和重新组装,便于搬迁,维修方便,易于管理,可大、可小;可单体,可组合。通过集风装置使地表较弱的风加速,使风的能量几十倍的增加,可以建在低空,因而大幅降低机组成本,投资小见效快,可根据用户的需求单独或成组设置。发电企业使用投资回收期短,还能够在大型风机下面使用,提高风电场空间的利用效率,起到上下互补的作用。本装置可拆卸成小部件,便于运输、组装,适合于高山、高楼、平地、海面、偏远山区、离岸海岛、边防哨所、草原牧区、沙漠等远离国家电网的区域,尤其适合于大吨位吊车无法到达的山区,更适合于在靠近负载的电力电网中接入,实现分布式发电。该装置填补了低空、低风速、低成本风力发电的国内、外空白,市场应用前景广阔,利国、利民,顺应时代要求,符合国家产业政策和国际低碳循环经济发展趋势。 The high-efficiency wind power generation device of the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, small floor space, flexibility and maneuverability, can be disassembled and reassembled at will, is convenient for relocation, easy maintenance, easy management, can be large or small; The weak wind on the surface is accelerated by the wind collecting device, and the energy of the wind is increased dozens of times. It can be built at a low altitude, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the unit, and the investment is small and the effect is quick. It can be set up individually or in groups according to the needs of users. The use of power generation enterprises has a short payback period, and it can also be used under large wind turbines to improve the utilization efficiency of wind farm space and play a complementary role. The device can be disassembled into small parts, which is convenient for transportation and assembly. It is suitable for high mountains, high buildings, flat land, sea, remote mountainous areas, offshore islands, frontier posts, grassland pastoral areas, deserts and other areas far away from the national power grid, especially suitable for large-tonnage cranes. Unreachable mountainous areas are more suitable for connecting to the power grid close to the load to realize distributed power generation. The device fills the domestic and foreign gaps in low-altitude, low-wind-speed, and low-cost wind power generation. It has broad market application prospects, benefits the country and the people, complies with the requirements of the times, and conforms to national industrial policies and international low-carbon circular economy development trends.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是采用水平轴风力机的高效发电装置主视图 Figure 1 is a front view of a high-efficiency power generation device using a horizontal-axis wind turbine
图2是采用水平轴风力机的高效发电装置左视图 Figure 2 is a left view of a high-efficiency power generation device using a horizontal-axis wind turbine
图3是采用垂直轴风力机的高效发电装置主视图 Figure 3 is a front view of a high-efficiency power generation device using a vertical-axis wind turbine
图4是采用垂直轴风力机的高效发电装置俯视图 Figure 4 is a top view of a high-efficiency power generation device using a vertical-axis wind turbine
图5是采用垂直轴风力机的高效发电装置左视图 Figure 5 is a left view of a high-efficiency power generation device using a vertical-axis wind turbine
图中1是集风筒、2是中心筒、3是扩散筒、4是叶轮、5是发电机、6是加固钢带、7是凹形架、8是小支架、9楔形垫块、10是偏航平台、11是大齿轮圈、12是小齿轮、13是减速机、14是偏航电机、15是风检测器、16是滚轮、17是中心轴、18是大平台、19是大支架、20是控制箱。 In the figure, 1 is the air collecting tube, 2 is the central tube, 3 is the diffuser tube, 4 is the impeller, 5 is the generator, 6 is the reinforced steel belt, 7 is the concave frame, 8 is the small bracket, 9 is the wedge block, 10 Is the yaw platform, 11 is the large gear ring, 12 is the pinion, 13 is the reducer, 14 is the yaw motor, 15 is the wind detector, 16 is the roller, 17 is the central axis, 18 is the large platform, 19 is the large bracket , 20 is a control box.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本实用新型高效风力发电装置是这样实现的,下面结合附图做具体说明。见图1~图5,本发明新型高效风力发电装置,是由集风筒1、中心筒2、扩散筒3、叶轮4、发电机5、加固钢带6、凹形架7、小支架8、楔形垫块9、偏航平台10、大齿轮圈11、小齿轮12、减速机13、偏航电机14、风向检测器15、滚轮16、中心轴17、大平台18、大支架19和控制箱20组成,各部件均为螺栓连接可拆卸、组装;大平台18通过大支架19固定在地面上,偏航平台10的底部设有滚轮16及大齿轮圈11,在大平台18的上面设有偏航电机14和减速机13、小齿轮12,偏航电机14和减速机13、大齿轮圈11、小齿轮12传动连接,偏航平台10在偏航电机14、减速机13、大齿轮圈11、小齿轮12的驱动下绕中心轴17在大平台18上转动。
The high-efficiency wind power generation device of the utility model is realized in this way, which will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. See Fig. 1~Fig. 5, the novel high-efficiency wind power generating device of the present invention is made up of
集风装置由:流线形喇叭状的集风筒1与中心筒2及扩散筒3组成,流线形喇叭状的集风筒1与中心筒2及扩散筒3呈连为一体式的结构,通过设置在偏航平台10上的凹形架7及小支架8,及加固钢带6和楔形垫块9将集风装置固定在偏航平台10上,偏航平台10在大平台18上转动使集风装置达到最佳进风量。
The air collecting device is composed of: a streamlined horn-shaped
在大平台18上设有风向检测器15,风向检测器15随风向转动,其角度变化的数据和发电机5额定转速数据经过控制芯片处理后传给偏航电机14,带动减速机13、小齿轮12、大齿轮圈11,使偏航平台10转动,保证集风装置和发电机组随时跟踪风向变化,朝向最佳风向。当风速过高,发电机超出额定转速时,控制系统调整集风装置的方向偏离主风向,减少进风量,保证发电机组始终处于额定转速。
A
本实用新型高效风力发电装置,配置水平轴或垂直轴两种风力发电机;见图1、图2,配置水平轴发电机组时,中心筒2为圆柱形,采用立柱将叶轮4和发电机5直接架在圆柱形中心筒2中,立柱固定在偏航平台10上。
The high-efficiency wind power generation device of the utility model is equipped with two kinds of wind power generators with horizontal axis or vertical axis; see Figure 1 and Figure 2. When configuring a horizontal axis generator set, the
见图3、图4、图5,配置垂直轴发电机组时,中心筒2为长方形,发电机5直接安装在偏航平台10上,叶轮4的转轴则安装在长方形中心筒一侧的立壁上,叶轮4的迎风面进入到中心筒2中,逆风面在中心筒2外,并被集风筒1遮挡,地面低速风经过集风筒1后被加速送入中心筒2,推动迎风面叶轮旋转,与普通垂直轴发电机组比,正力矩大大增加;在集风筒在遮挡下,作用在逆风面叶轮上在风力大大减少,使得逆风面的负力矩减少,提高了发电效率。
See Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5. When configuring a vertical axis generator set, the
本实用新型可以达到小型化、大装机容量,低投资、高效益的效果。整个机组的尺寸根据用户需求和当地的风能资源情况确定,然后配置充电控制器、蓄电池组和逆变器。 The utility model can achieve the effects of miniaturization, large installed capacity, low investment and high benefit. The size of the whole unit is determined according to the needs of users and the local wind energy resources, and then the charge controller, battery pack and inverter are configured.
实施时,首先在地面上固定好大支架19,在大支架19上固定大平台18,然后在大平台18的上面安装:风向检测器15、控制箱20、中心轴17、偏航电机14、减速机13和小齿轮15等偏航机构。在偏航平台10的下面则固定有大齿轮圈11和滚轮16,滚轮16在大齿轮圈11的里面。偏航平台10的中心孔套在大平台18上装有轴承的中心轴17上,可围绕中心轴转动,大齿轮圈11和小齿轮12啮合。风向检测器15随风转动的数据传到偏航控制箱20内的控制芯片上,芯片内置软件,根据发电机的额定转速和风向检测器的转动角度数据计算出集风筒的最佳角度(最大限度的使发电机满负荷运转),并将控制信号发送到偏航电机14上,带动减速机13、小齿轮12,进而带动大齿轮圈11使偏航平台10通过滚轮16在大平台18上旋转,保证集风装置随时跟踪风向变化,朝向最佳的对风方向。当风速较低、发电机5低于额定转速运行时,集风筒追随主风向,使进风量达到最大;当风速较高,发电机高于额定转速运行时,集风筒避开主风向,减少进风量,防止机组飞车。
During implementation, first fix the
集风筒1、中心筒2、扩散筒3连为一体,构成集风装置,通过加固钢带6、凹形架7、小支架8、楔形垫块9固定在偏航平台10上的。
The
使用水平轴风力机的集风装置中心筒2为圆柱形,其直径略大于螺旋桨叶的直径,叶轮4和发电机5均安装在中心筒2中,并通过立柱固定在偏航平台上。
The
使用垂直轴风力机的集风装置中心筒2为长方形,叶轮4采用萨渥纽斯型,中心筒2的长度略大于风轮4的直径,宽度略大于风轮4的半经。发电机直接固定在偏航平台10上,叶轮4的转轴安装在中心筒2筒壁的一侧立壁上,该侧立壁不安装壁板,叶轮4的一半即迎风面进入到中心筒2中,另一半即逆风面在中心筒2的外面。地面低速风经过集风筒后被加速送入中心筒2中,推动迎风面叶轮旋转,与普通垂直轴发电机组比,正力矩大大增加;在集风筒在遮挡下,作用在逆风面叶轮上在风力大大减少,使得逆风面的负力矩减少,提高了发电效率。
The
叶轮输出轴与发电机5连接,然后配置充电控制器、蓄电池组和逆变器。
The output shaft of the impeller is connected with the
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