CN202148997U - 山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站 - Google Patents
山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站 Download PDFInfo
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- CN202148997U CN202148997U CN 201120240694 CN201120240694U CN202148997U CN 202148997 U CN202148997 U CN 202148997U CN 201120240694 CN201120240694 CN 201120240694 CN 201120240694 U CN201120240694 U CN 201120240694U CN 202148997 U CN202148997 U CN 202148997U
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- COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium sulfide Chemical compound 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- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nMzAwcHgnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwcHgnIHZpZXdCb3g9JzAgMCAzMDAgMzAwJz4KPCEtLSBFTkQgT0YgSEVBREVSIC0tPgo8cmVjdCBzdHlsZT0nb3BhY2l0eToxLjA7ZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lJyB3aWR0aD0nMzAwLjAnIGhlaWdodD0nMzAwLjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxMzguMCcgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5BPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNjUuNicgeT0nMTcwLjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6NDBweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID5sPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNzQuOCcgeT0nMTU0LjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID4zPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxODguNycgeT0nMTU0LjAnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MjZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID4rPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PSczNS4wJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+QTwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nNTEuMCcgeT0nNTMuNicgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyM3B4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6IzNCNDE0MycgPmw8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzU2LjQnIHk9JzQ0LjMnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MTVweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID4zPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PSc2NC40JyB5PSc0NC4zJyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjE1cHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+KzwvdGV4dD4KPC9zdmc+Cg== [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum nitride Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种依托山体向阳面而建的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，它包括山脚集热棚，位于山体顶端的山顶导流塔，依山体建造的山体导流塔，位于集热棚及山体导流塔下方的蓄热层，安装在山体导流塔与山顶导流塔联接处的风力涡轮发电机组，及分别设置在热空气螺旋型风道中、蓄热层内及风力涡轮发电机组前后的温度传感器及风速传感器。本实用新型的显著特点是利用了山体南面斜坡地形建造集导流及集热为一体的山体式导流塔，这样，即充分利用了南坡接收太阳光的有利条件，山坡本身的上山风可以提高集热棚入口处的风速，山体本身也可以作为导流塔的一部分，从而减少导流塔本身的高度以降低成本。该技术是一项建造于山区或丘陵地区的大规模太阳能发电、具有广泛应用前景的清洁可再生能源利用技术。
Description
山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及一种依托山体而建的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电，它属于太阳能热利用技术中的一种可再生绿色能源的发电装置。具体地说是利用热风发电技术，首先将太阳热能转换为空气流动的动能，空气在流动过程中带动风力透平设备旋转，将动能转换为机械能，进而风力透平设备带动发电机运转，将机械能转换为电能。
背景技术
[0002] 太阳能热气流发电技术是由德国斯图加特大学J. khlaich教授于1978年提出的。太阳能热气流发电系统即太阳能烟囱发电系统由太阳能集热棚、太阳能烟囱和涡轮机发电机组3个基本部分构成，集热棚被支撑在距离地面一定高度处，中心位置安装着高大的烟®，在烟®底部装有涡轮机。太阳光照射集热棚，集热棚下面的土地吸收透过覆盖层的太阳辐射能，并加热土地和集热棚覆盖层之间的空气，使集热棚内空气温度升高，密度下降，在竖直导流塔内由于“烟囱作用”形成上升气流，而集热棚四周的冷空气进入系统，从而形成空气循环流动。当集热棚面积足够大时，烟®内的上升气流就可以驱动涡轮机组转动进而发电。但由于该结构集热棚占地面积大，且烟囱高度较高，主要建造了沙漠、戈壁等荒芜人烟的地方。
[0003] 太阳能热气流电站是属于非聚光型、低温类的的太阳能利用系统，主要依靠由太阳能所构造的高速高温气流发电，可以大规模开发建成大容量机组。该电站系统在发电过程中无需冷却水，不消耗任何燃料，也没有任何“三废”排放，而且经久耐用、造价低廉，是未来太阳能利用最为绿色环保的有效方式，也是解决能源紧缺、环境污染及气候变化等世界性严重问题重要途径。但卧式集热棚太阳能热气流电站系统占地面积较大，烟®的高度也很高，由此也带来了诸如需要大量土地面积、超高烟囱的防风防震等问题。
[0004] 青岛地区处于崂山山脉，地势上多山，气候温和，日照充足，具有发展太阳能产业的优势。由于青岛地区经济的高速发展，房地产业蓬勃，目前没有大片的平原地区可建造原始结构的太阳能热气流电站系统。但由于青岛地区山体多数高度在500m左右，这给山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电的建造提供了天然的优势条件。
实用新型内容
[0005] 本实用新型提供了一种依托山体的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，它可以解决现有技术只适用于荒漠及沙化地区、且由于导流塔高度过高的防风防震等问题，将太阳能热气流发电技术用于山地及丘陵地区，扩大了太阳能热气流发电技术的应用领域。
[0006] 为了达到解决上述技术方案的目的，本实用新型的技术方案是一种山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，它包括在山脚下平坦区域建造的小面积集热棚；依山体向阳面向上建造的导流塔，该导流塔沿山体向阳面呈扇形状向山顶处汇集，并将导流塔在山顶处向上延升一定高度；安装在山体导流塔及山顶导流塔过渡处的风力涡轮发电机组；铺设在集热棚及山体导流塔下方的蓄热层；设置在热空气风道中的温度传感器及风速传感器。[0007] 在本实用新型中还具有以下技术特征：所述的山体导流塔利用具有集热功能的材料依山体向阳面呈扇形铺设，兼作两种功能：一可作为导流塔，山坡本身的上山风可以提高山体导流塔入口处的风速，山体本身也可以作为烟囱的一部分，引导热空气从集热棚中快速流动，从而减少烟囱本身的高度；二是兼作集热棚，用于收集太阳热能。此种结构的太阳能热气流电站系统可以将太阳能热气流发电技术运用于太阳能资源同样丰富的多山及丘陵地区。
[0008] 在本实用新型中还具有以下技术特征：山体导流塔被建成螺旋渐缩型通道，一方面延长热空气在山体导流塔中流动过程，以便空气在山体导流塔内吸收更多的太阳热能； 另一方面，螺旋渐缩型通道可显著提高热空气的流速，推动风力涡轮机组发电，从而更有效地将太阳热能转换为电能。
[0009] 在本实用新型中还具有以下技术特征：其集热棚及山体导流塔的材料均是内涂选择性吸收涂层的钢化玻璃构成。集热棚的作用是收集太阳辐射热能并预热进入系统的冷空气；预热后的空气分别进入山体导流塔的螺旋通道，继续吸收太阳热能，进而被加热到较高的温度，从而使整个电站系统的能量转换效率得以有效提高。
[0010] 在集热棚及山体导流塔内表面喷涂选择性吸收涂层主要用途是使太阳能的可见光通过，用来收集更多的太阳热能，并阻挡系统内的热能向外界环境散失。目前具有这种功能的可选择性涂层的材料非常多，一般可用于太阳能的选择性吸收涂层均可用于本实用新型，比较常用的有渐变铝-氮/铝选择性吸收涂层，阳极氧化电解着色涂层，电镀黑铬涂层， 电镀黑镍涂层，电镀黑钴涂层，硫化铝涂层，FeMoCuOx涂层，黑漆涂层，多元合金复合涂层， 金属陶瓷复合膜等。
[0011] 在本实用新型中还具有以下技术特征：所述的蓄热层包括两部分，一部分是铺设在地下部分的由相变蓄热材料组成的蓄热体，一部分是铺设在地面的由导热系统较大的无机材料或有机材料组成的蓄热层。这两部分蓄热层联合使用以补充夜晚或阴天的热能供应。
[0012] 在本实用新型中还具有以下技术特征：风力涡轮发电机组安装在山体导流塔每个风道与山顶导流塔联接处。
[0013] 本实用新型中还具有以下技术特征：在集热棚下方、山体导流塔下方的热空气通道内、蓄热层内、风力透平设备的前后等处均装设多个温度传感装置及风速传感装置，目的是为了更好的对系统中热气流的温度及流速进行自动监控。
[0014] 本实用新型由当前国内外研究较多的塔式烟囱发电基础上改进而来，将原始太阳能热气流电站原理应用于山地或丘陵地区，其原理与传统太阳能热气流发电系统相似，都是利用从太阳辐射转换来的热能加热集热中的空气，使其受热膨胀，并产生向上的运动趋势，从而推动涡轮机转动，使动能转化为机械能，再将机械化成电能的一种靠自然力驱动的发电装置。本实用新型利用山体自然高度，依山体建造了集收集太阳热能与抽吸空气于一体的山体导流塔太阳能热气流电站系统，该山体式导流塔一方面可作为抽吸空气的导流塔，使空气不断延山体向上流动，以降低竖直对流塔的高度，增加了整个电站系统的安全性；同时该导流塔兼作集热棚作用，是空气吸收太阳热能的主要场所；为保证电站系统的连续运行，系统中设置蓄热层，并在蓄热层中加入了相变蓄热材料，大大增加了系统的蓄热能力；为实现对电站系统的实时监控，电站系统的流道及蓄热层中安设了多个温度传感器及风速传感器。
[0015] 基于上述技术特征所构成的技术方案的优点在于：
[0016] ①.将原来只适用于荒漠及沙化地区的太阳能烟囱技术用于山坡及丘陵地区，使此类地域的闲置土地得到绿色、高效的开发利用，提高了土地的使用效率。
[0017] ②.由于集热棚内侧喷涂了选择性吸收涂层，增强了集热棚的吸热率；
[0018] ③.由于部分集热棚依山体向上趋势而建，同时也可具有对空气吸抽的作用，因此可有效降低竖直烟囱的高度，增强导流塔的抗震抗风的能力。
[0019] ④.蓄热层由直接蓄热及相变蓄热两部分组成，可有效提高系统的蓄热量，延长电站系统的运行时间。
附图说明
[0020] 下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进行详细地描述.
[0021] 图1是本实用新型的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电主视图；
[0022] 图2是本实用新型的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电俯视图；
[0023] 1.山脚集热棚2.山体3.山顶导流塔4.山体导流塔5.选择性吸收涂层 6.蓄热层6-1.高导热蓄热层6-2.相变蓄热层7.风力涡轮发电机组8.热空气螺旋渐缩型风道9.温度传感器10.风速传感器
具体实施方式
[0024] 本实用新型的电站系统包括山体2，山脚集热棚1，位于山体顶端的山顶导流塔3， 依山体建造的山体导流塔4，喷涂在集热棚内侧的选择性吸收涂层5，位于集热棚及山体导流塔下方的蓄热层6，该蓄热层6包括高导热层6-1及相变蓄热层6-2，安装在山体导流塔 4与山顶导流塔3联接处的风力涡轮发电机组7，分别设置在热空气螺旋型风道8中、蓄热层6内及风力涡轮发电机组7前后的温度传感器9及风速传感器10。
[0025] 本实用新型所涉及之系统的集热棚1沿山脚区域向阳面呈扇形建造，而山体导流塔4则依山体而建。当冷空气由山脚集热棚1入口处进入电站系统后，在集热棚1内吸收太阳热能，温度得到一定升高，在山体导流塔4及山顶导流塔3的联合抽吸作用下，热气流沿山体螺旋通道不断向上流动；由于山体导流塔4本身也具有集热的功能，因此热气流在进入山体导流塔4后不断吸收太阳热能，空气温度持续上升，密度不断下降，强化了导流塔的抽吸作用；热空气在山体导流塔4中的渐缩螺旋型通道8中温度不断升高，流速不断增大， 从而推动位于山体导流塔4及山顶导流塔3之间的风力涡轮发电机组7运动并发电。而温度传感器9及风速传感器10的作用是实时采集电站系统内热空气的温度的流速，以便更好的掌握系统的运行情况。
[0026] 以上所述，仅是本实用新型的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本实用新型作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本实用新型技术方案内容，依据本实用新型的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本实用新型技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1. 一种山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，其特征是：该电站系统包括内涂选择性吸收涂层、离地面一定高度的山脚集热棚，山体式导流塔及山体导流塔下方的热空气螺旋型通道，建造在山顶、具有一定高度的山顶导流塔，安装在山体导流塔及山顶导流塔联接处的风力涡轮发电机组，铺设在山脚集热棚下方及山体导流塔下方的蓄热层，设置在热空气风道及蓄热层中的温度传感器和风速传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，其特征在于：该集热棚沿山脚平坦地区由钢性玻璃拼接而成，在钢性玻璃内侧喷涂选择性吸收涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，其特征在于：该山体导流塔依山体由内涂选择性吸收涂层的钢性材料建造。
4.根据权利要求1所述的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，其特征在于：所述的蓄热层包括两部分，一部分是铺设在地下部分的由相变蓄热材料组成的蓄热体，一部分是铺设在地面的由高导热系统的无机或有机材料构成的蓄热层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，其特征在于：山体导流塔下方与蓄热层上方的空间被分隔成沿山体上升的螺旋渐缩型风道。
6.根据权利要求1所述的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，其特征在于：风力涡轮发电机组安装在每个螺旋风道与山顶导流塔联接处，每套风力涡轮发电机组可独立工作，也可联合工作。
7.根据权利要求1所述的山体导流塔式太阳能热气流电站，还具有以下特征：在集热棚内、山体导流塔的热空气通道内、蓄热层内、风力透平设备的前后等位置均安装多个温度传感器、风速传感器。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103352807A (zh) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 乔君旺 | 使地面降温、高空加温、减少风灾的太阳能风力发电塔 |
| CN103867393A (zh) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-06-18 | 浙江海洋学院 | 太阳能辅助动力的风力发电机 |
| CN105370501A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-02 | 戚荣生 | 利用山体密封增压的太阳能热气流发电聚风排气塔 |
| CN106286171A (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-01-04 | 青海中水数易信息科技有限责任公司 | 并联式太阳能热气流发电系统 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103352807A (zh) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 乔君旺 | 使地面降温、高空加温、减少风灾的太阳能风力发电塔 |
| CN103352807B (zh) * | 2013-07-04 | 2016-08-17 | 乔君旺 | 使地面降温、高空加温、减少风灾的太阳能风力发电塔 |
| CN103867393A (zh) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-06-18 | 浙江海洋学院 | 太阳能辅助动力的风力发电机 |
| CN105370501A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-02 | 戚荣生 | 利用山体密封增压的太阳能热气流发电聚风排气塔 |
| CN105370501B (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2018-04-20 | 戚荣生 | 利用山体密封增压的太阳能热气流发电聚风排气塔 |
| CN106286171A (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-01-04 | 青海中水数易信息科技有限责任公司 | 并联式太阳能热气流发电系统 |
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