CN202142929U

CN202142929U - Three-phase permanent magnet brushless multi-gear wheel motor

Info

Publication number: CN202142929U
Application number: CN2011202851274U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹永河
Original assignee: LANGFANG CITY WING TAI ELECTRIC VEHICLE MOTOR CO Ltd
Current assignee: Langfang Xunhe New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2011-01-28
Filing date: 2011-08-08
Publication date: 2012-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2021-08-08
Also published as: CN102624122A; CN102624122B

Abstract

The utility model relates to a three-phase permanent magnet brushless multi-gear wheel motor, belonging to the external-rotor type motor, comprising a rotor shell 17 having a hollow cylinder and a group of permanent magnets 12 disposed at the inner side of the rotor shell; the stator is composed of a stator iron core and the three-phase stator winding unit wrapped on the iron core; each phase stator winding is composed of two or four phase winding units, the total numbers of windings are the same, the diameter of the winding wire is the same, the total cross sectional areas of the winding wires are the same; the two or four phase winding units in each phase are in serially connection, parallel connection or mixed connection by a magnetic latching relay, so as to form a gearshift; when starting the first gear, the two or four phase winding units in each phase are in serial connection, the three-phase winding is connected as a star shape; when speeding the second gear, the two or four phase winding units in each phase are in mixed connection, the three-phase winding is connected as a star shape; when operating the third gear at a high speed, the two phase winding units in each phase are in parallel connection, the three-phase winding is connected as a triangle, or the four phase winding units in each phase are all in parallel connection, the three-phase winding is connected as a triangle. Large torque and fast acceleration are realized when starting the electric vehicle.

Description

Three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of wheel hub motor of electric motor car, relates to a kind of invention that can be directly installed on the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the three-phase permanent aspect that the driving car goes in the car hub or rather.

Background technology

Electric motor car is to the speed of motor and the specification requirement of moment of torsion: need the large torque low speed degree during starting, torque demand is low but very high speed will be arranged in the time of cruising, requires to have very wide scope at lowest speed with the most at a high speed.

At present, the type of drive of known domestic and international electric motor car has following several kinds:

One, adopts the fixing inner rotor motor of the winding number of turns and winding wire diameter,, give wheel through left and right sides power transmission shaft in the back axle with transmission of power again through speed-changing gear box, power transmission shaft and differential mechanism.

Shortcoming is to need to be equipped with expensive speed-changing gear box, and a series of mechanical transfer, not only consumes sizable energy, but also can increase the weight and the space that occupies in the car of car.

Two, adopt winding wire diameter fix and umber of turn according to the wheel hub motor that the speed needs change, directly be contained on the wheel drive wheels and go.

Shortcoming: can only change the number of turn of winding, can not change the sectional area of winding conducting wire, thereby the rated current of winding is restricted, rated power also just is restricted, the requirement that can not satisfy the vehicle starting climbing and run at high speed.The specification requirement that wants to make power of motor and torque reach automobile then motor volume will increase several times and even tens of times than space in the wheel hub, and such volume can't be assemblied on the automotive hub with the mode of wheel hub.

Three, the fixing wheel hub motor of the winding number of turns and winding wire diameter utilizes three windings " Y " to connect method and comes change speed with " Δ " method of connecing conversion.

Shortcoming: but since winding data do not adjust accordingly, so be inappropriate for big electric current long-play, moreover speed adjustable range is narrow, the speed governing gradient is big, differs greatly with the requirement of electric automobile.

Four, winding and line directly switch through electronic switching elements such as controllable silicons, can realize changing the function of motor speed and moment of torsion in theory, but controllable silicon rated current minimum also will be selected more than 200 peaces; Volume is very big; Moreover realize the handoff functionality of motor windings, want the such controllable silicon about 20 at least, if all put into motor internal to these controllable silicons; The volume of motor is greatly to can not directly having assembled with wheel, so this scheme does not possess exploitativeness yet so.

This shows that the wheel hub motor of above-mentioned prior electric car still has many defectives, and demands urgently improving.

Because the defective that the wheel hub motor of above-mentioned prior electric car exists; The design people is based on being engaged in this type of product design manufacturing for many years; Long-pending have abundant practical experience and professional knowledge, actively studies innovation, in the hope of founding a kind of brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent that improves molding structure; Can improve the general molding structure of the wheel hub motor of existing conventional electric motor car on the market, make it have more competitiveness.Through constantly research, design, and after studying sample and improvement repeatedly, found out the utility model of true tool practical value finally.

The utility model content

The utility model technical problem underlying to be solved is; Overcome the defective that prior electric wheel hub motor exists, and a kind of brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent of new structure is provided, not only make its power big; Torque is enough strong, and speed is fast, rotating speed and change in torque wide ranges.

The utility model solves its technical problem underlying and adopts following technical scheme to realize.The brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to the utility model proposition; It is external rotor electric machine; Include the motor housing, stator and the rotor that are fixed on the motor shaft, it is characterized in that: motor housing is made up of the inside and outside end cap at rotor case and two ends, and rotor is made up of the rotor case 17 of hollow cylinder one group of permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case; Stator is made up of stator core and the threephase stator winding on iron core; The coil of stator of motor winding is contained in the stator slot with slot wedge the shutoff of wire casing mouth, and motor stator is installed on the motor shaft in the motor housing, in the stator core space between motor shaft and stator slot the magnetic latching relay that is used to shift gears is installed; Include three contact sets of action simultaneously in the magnetic latching relay again respectively; Four contacts are respectively arranged on each contact sets, and every phase stator winding of the threephase stator winding in the motor stator is formed by being wound with four phase winding unit that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical, is provided with insulating barrier between each phase winding unit coil; Each phase winding unit can both independently use as complete phase winding; Through magnetic latching relay series, parallel and series, parallel are implemented in four phase winding unit in every phase winding and mix the mode of operation that connects and constitute and become retaining, cut off the motor power power supply in advance by the outer management system of machine in the whole change retaining course of action, automatic recovery of power supply after waiting to become retaining and accomplishing; In order to avoid getting an electric shock, burns by magnetic latching relay; During one retaining starting, all connect in four phase winding unit in every phase winding, when two retainings quicken; Four phase winding unit in every phase winding are connected into two groups of parallel connections that will connect again after two groups in twos; During three retaining high-speed cruisings, four phase winding unit in every phase winding are parallel connection all, and three-phase permanent is brushless, and the multi-gear wheel boss motor constitutes many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors by a plurality of rotors and corresponding a plurality of stator.

The utility model solves its technical problem and can also adopt following technical measures further to realize.

The magnetic latching relay in the described change retaining and the syntagmatic of phase winding unit into, 7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 8a, 8b, 8c; 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively, and this moment, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a meets power supply 1a, and the tail head connects the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 3a connects the first head of 4a, and the tail head of 4a connects the first head of 5a; The first head of 2b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 3b, and the tail head of 3b connects the first head of 4b, and the tail head of 4b connects the first head of 5b; The first head of 2c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 3c, and the tail head of 3c connects the first head of 4c, and the tail head of 4c connects the first head of 5c; 4 phase winding unit that are every phase divide other series connection, and the tail end of 5a, 5b, 5c links together simultaneously, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star, and be first retaining this moment;

7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,9; 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively, 3. and 4. breaks off respectively, and 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, each contact sets of 8c is connected respectively, 3. and 4. connected respectively in the magnetic latching relay 8; This moment, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a meets power supply 1a; The tail head connects the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 3a connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4a meets power supply 1a; The tail head connects the first head of 5a, and the tail head of 5a connects the common port of three phase windings; The first head of 2b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 3b, and the tail head of 3b connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 5b, and the tail head of 5b connects the common port of three phase windings; The first head of 2c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 3c, and the tail head of 3c connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 5c, and the tail head of 5c connects the common port of three phase windings; Winding element after this moment

phase winding unit

2a and 3a series connection, 4a and the 5a series connection, two groups of series connection is parallelly connected again; Winding element parallel connection again after 2b and 3b series connection, 4b and the 5b series connection, two groups of series connection; Winding element parallel connection again after 2c and 3c series connection, 4c and the 5c series connection, two groups of series connection, be second retaining this moment;

7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 8a, 8b, 8c; 1. and 2. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively; 3. and 4. connect respectively, this moment, the state of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a meets power supply 1a simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously; The first head of 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b meets power supply 1b simultaneously; The first head of 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a meets power supply 1a simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously; The first head of 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c meets power supply 1c simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously, and 4 each winding element in promptly every phase winding are parallel connection all, and be the 3rd retaining this moment.

Before the identical and distribution symmetry of three phase windings in motor stator of electrical quantity of each phase in the threephase stator winding in the described motor stator.

Before described magnetic latching relay outside magnetic masking layer is installed, between magnetic latching relay and the magnetic masking layer insulating barrier is housed, all the control line of magnetic latching relays is drawn by a multicore cable that has screen.

Before three special-purpose groove internal fixation at said motor stator core edge have three Hall rotor-position sensors to operate steadily reliably to guarantee motor, and temperature sensor is housed in the motor stator winding, be used for monitoring winding temperature.

Motor carries out the air blast cooling cooling through air inlet pipe and the escape pipe that is installed in the motor shaft wire hole.

Before have wire hole on the described motor shaft, the control line of three-phase power line, magnetic latching relay and Hall element lead-in wire are drawn outside the machine through the motor shaft wire hole.

Before described outboard end cover and be provided with the wheel hold-down screw; Be used to install wheel, inboard end cap is equipped with brake disc through screw, between the inboard end cap of brake disc and motor thermal insulation layer is installed; Both sides end cap installed inside has a plurality of wind-guiding leaves, two end cap edges of motor camber shape.

Before described many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors be to constitute one, two or three group of brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor by one, two or three rotor and one, two or three stator.

The utility model to solve its technical problem another technical scheme adopt following scheme to realize.The brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to the utility model proposition; It is external rotor electric machine; Include the motor housing, stator and the rotor that are fixed on the motor shaft, it is characterized in that: motor housing is made up of the inside and outside end cap at rotor case and two ends, and rotor is made up of the rotor case 17 of hollow cylinder one group of permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case; Stator is made up of stator core and the threephase stator winding on iron core; The coil of stator of motor winding is contained in the stator slot with slot wedge the shutoff of wire casing mouth, and motor stator is contained on the motor shaft in the motor housing, and motor housing and rotor are fixed on the bearing on the motor shaft; The outside of motor shaft is with the sealing of axle envelope; In the stator core space between motor shaft and stator slot the relay that is used to shift gears is installed, the every phase stator winding in the threephase stator winding in the motor stator is formed by being wound with two phase winding unit that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical, is equipped with insulating barrier between each phase winding unit and between whole phase winding and the stator slot; Each phase winding unit can both independently use as complete phase winding; Series, parallel is implemented in two phase winding unit in every phase winding and three phase windings total be connected into star or leg-of-mutton connected mode are constituted and become retaining through relay, cut off the motor power power supply in advance by the outer management system of machine in the whole change retaining course of action, automatic recovery of power supply after waiting to become retaining and accomplishing; In order to avoid getting an electric shock, burns by magnetic latching relay; During one retaining starting, connect respectively in two phase winding unit in every phase winding, and three phase windings are connected into star; When two retainings quicken, the parallel connection respectively of two phase winding unit in every phase winding, and three phase windings are connected into star; Three retainings are during high-speed cruisings, the parallel connection respectively of two phase winding unit in every phase winding, and three phase windings are connected into triangle, and three-phase permanent is brushless, and the multi-gear wheel boss motor constitutes many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors by a plurality of rotors and corresponding a plurality of stator.

The magnetic latching relay in the described change retaining and the syntagmatic of phase winding unit are: the contact of

magnetic latching relay

9a, 9b, 9c when 2. and 3. 2. and 3. the contact of connection respectively, 8a, 8b, the 8c contact that 1. and 2. is off-state, 7a, 7b, 7c is connected respectively; The connection status of each phase winding unit is: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively; The tail head of 2a is connected with the first head of 3a; The tail head of 2b is connected with the first head of 3b; The tail head of 2c is connected with the first head of 3c, and promptly 2a connects with 3a, 2b connects with 3b, 2c connects with 3c, and the tail end of 3a, 3b, 3c links together simultaneously; Promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star, and be first retaining of motor this moment;

1. and 2. connect respectively when the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 7b, 7c, 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, 8c is connected respectively, when 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively; The connection status of each phase winding unit is: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively, and the tail head of 2a is connected with the tail head of 3a, and the first head of 3a is connected with the first head of 2a; The tail head of 2b is connected with the tail head of 3b; The first head of 3b is connected with the first head of 2b, and the tail head of 2c is connected with the tail head of 3c, and the first head of 3c is connected with the first head of 2c; Be that 2a is parallelly connected with 3a, 2b is parallelly connected with 3b, 2c is parallelly connected with 3c, while 2a, 2b, 2c; The tail end of 3a, 3b, 3c links together, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star, and be second retaining of motor this moment;

1. and 2. connect respectively when the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 7b, 7c, 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, 8c is connected respectively, when 1. and 2. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively; The connection status of each phase winding unit is: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively, and the tail head of 2a is connected with the tail head of 3a, and the first head of 3a is connected with the first head of 2a; The tail head of 2b is connected with the tail head of 3b; The first head of 3b is connected with the first head of 2b, and the tail head of 2c is connected with the tail head of 3c, and the first head of 3c is connected with the first head of 2c; Be that 2a is parallelly connected with 3a, 2b is parallelly connected with 3b, 2c is parallelly connected with 3c; The while tail end of 3a is connected with the head end of 2c, the tail end of 3b is connected with the head end of 2a, the tail end of 3c is connected with the head end of 2b, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a triangle, and be the 3rd retaining of motor this moment.

Before described relay be magnetic latching relay, magnetic latching relay include respectively three simultaneously the action contact sets, three, three, two effective contacts are arranged respectively on each contact sets.

Before three special-purpose groove internal fixation at described motor stator core edge have three Hall rotor-position sensors to operate steadily reliably to guarantee motor, and temperature sensor is housed in the motor stator winding, be used for monitoring winding temperature.

Cover at the motor outboard end and to be provided with the wheel hold-down screw; Be used to install wheel, inboard end cap is equipped with brake disc through screw, between the inboard end cap of brake disc and motor thermal insulation layer is installed; Both sides end cap installed inside has a plurality of wind-guiding leaves, two end cap edges of motor camber shape.

Wheel cylinder is housed on motor fixing seat.

The utility model compared with prior art has tangible advantage and beneficial effect.Can know that by above technical scheme the utility model makes it under the condition that guarantees three phase windings symmetry owing to adopt technique scheme; Through to the change of winding coil turn and to the change of winding conducting wire total sectional area, the control of the magnetic flux density that realizes winding is produced can change motor torque and speed on a large scale; Simultaneously the winding coil total sectional area is in maximum rating under the state of high-power, big electric current; The number of turn is minimum state, and the motor internal resistance is a minimum state, and the copper loss of motor damage and iron loss are decreased and just dropped to minimum like this; Improved electric efficiency; The utilance 100% of insulated conductor, thus motor volume reduced, reduced amount of copper consuming, simple in structure, be convenient to production and use, volume are fit to and existing automotive hub assembling.

The utility model inventor studies the wheel hub motor product experience of existing ten several years; Quite understand for existing problem of the wheel hub motor of prior electric car and defective; And the utility model is the brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor of founding according to above-mentioned Study of Defects exploitation, and it can reach its intended purposes and effect really, not only on the kenel of space, really belongs to innovation; And suitable enhancement effect is arranged than the true accessory of the wheel hub motor of prior electric car; And existing known products has more technological progress property and practicality, and has produced handy and practical good effect, and has practicality really.

In sum, the utility model really belongs to innovation on the kenel of space, and has the multinomial effect of enhancement than existing product, and simple in structure, is suitable for practicality, has the extensive value of industry.It is in limited field, technical development space; No matter structurally or bigger improvement all arranged on the function; And have large improvement technically, and produced handy and practical effect, and have the effect of enhancement really; Thereby being suitable for practicality more, really is the new design of a novelty, progress, practicality.

Above-mentioned explanation is merely the general introduction partly of the utility model technical scheme characteristic; For making the professional and technical personnel can more know the technological means of understanding the utility model; And can implement according to the content of specification, below with the preferred embodiment of the utility model and conjunction with figs. specify as after.

The embodiment of the utility model is provided by following examples and accompanying drawing thereof in detail.

Description of drawings

First technical scheme

Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Fig. 2 is the equivalent circuit diagram of first retaining when (low speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Each contacts status and the circuit theory diagrams of the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 when Fig. 3 is the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent first retaining (low speed).

Fig. 4 is the equivalent circuit diagram of second retaining when (middling speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Fig. 5 is each contacts status and the circuit theory diagrams of the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 of second retaining when (middling speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Fig. 6 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the 3rd retaining when (at a high speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Fig. 7 is each contacts status and the circuit theory diagrams of the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 of the 3rd retaining when (at a high speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Fig. 8 is one group of motor drawing in side sectional elevation of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent, has only provided the phase winding distribution signal in three phase windings among Fig. 8, and all the other two phases roughly the same.

Fig. 9 is one group of motor sectional arrangement drawing of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Figure 10 is two groups of motor sectional arrangement drawings of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Figure 11 is three groups of motor sectional arrangement drawings of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Figure 12 is the sketch map of the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Second technical scheme

Figure 13 is the circuit theory diagrams of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Equivalent circuit diagram when Figure 14-the 1st, first retaining (low speed) of the utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor.

Each contacts status and the circuit theory diagrams of the magnetic latching relay 5,6,7 when Figure 14-the 2nd, a retaining (low speed) of the utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor.

Equivalent circuit diagram when Figure 15-the 1st, second retaining (middling speed) of the utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor.

The contacts status and the circuit theory diagrams of the magnetic latching relay 5,6,7 when Figure 15-the 2nd, second retaining (middling speed) of the utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor.

Equivalent circuit diagram when Figure 16-the 1st, the 3rd retaining (at a high speed) of the utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor.

The contacts status and the circuit theory diagrams of the magnetic latching relay 5,6,7 when Figure 16-the 2nd, the 3rd retaining (at a high speed) of the utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor.

Figure 17 is one group of motor drawing in side sectional elevation of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Figure 18 is the sectional arrangement drawing of one group of motor of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Figure 19 is the sectional arrangement drawing of two groups of motors of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Figure 20 is the sectional arrangement drawing of three groups of motors of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

Figure 21 is the sketch map of the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.

End attribute to the phase winding unit among the figure is defined as: the end that the phase winding unit indicates stain ". " is the head (head end) of phase winding unit, and an end that does not have mark is tail (tail end).

Accompanying drawing critical piece description of symbols

1a, 1b, 1c are the three-phase power line of motor among the figure,

2a, 2b, 2c; 3a, 3b, 3c; 4a, 4b, 4c; 5a, 5b, 5c are the phase winding unit, and 6a, 6b, 6c are respectively the tail ends of

phase winding unit

5a, 5b, 5c, and 7,8,9 is magnetic latching relay, 7a, 7b, 7c; 8a, 8b, 8c; 9a, 9b, 9c are respectively three contact sets in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 10, insulating barrier 11, slot wedge 12, rotor permanent magnet, 13, stator core 14, stator slot, 15, motor shaft 16, motor shaft wire hole 17, rotor case 18, magnetic masking layer 19, magnetic latching relay insulating barrier 20, wheel hold-down screw 21, bearing 22, axle envelope 23, motor outside end cap 24, the inboard end cap 25 of motor, brake disc 26, brake disc hold-down screw 27, motor fixing seat 28, cooling air blast pipe 29, cooling air air inlet pipe 30, magnetic latching relay control line 31, hall signal line 32, wheel cylinder 33, end cap hold-down screw 35, Temperature probe 36, brake disc thermal insulation layer 37, Hall rotor-position sensor.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to its embodiment, structure, characteristic and the effect thereof that proposes according to the utility model, specify as after.

First technical scheme

See also Fig. 1 to shown in Figure 11; The utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor; Belong to external rotor electric machine; Mainly be the motor housing that the rotor case 17 by medial and

lateral end cap

24,23 and end cap two ends constitutes, the one group permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case by the rotor case 17 of hollow cylinder constitutes, the motor stator that is made up of stator core 13 and the threephase stator winding on iron core; The coil of stator of motor winding is installed in the stator slot 14 with slot wedge 11 shutoff of wire casing mouth; Motor stator is contained on the motor shaft 15 in the motor housing, and the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 that is used to shift gears is installed in stator core 13 spaces between motor shaft 15 and stator slot 14, in magnetic latching relay 7,8,9, includes three 7a, 7b, the 7c of action simultaneously again respectively; 8a, 8b, 8c; 9a, 9b, 9c contact sets; Four contacts are respectively arranged 1., 2., 3., 4. on each contact sets, every phase stator winding of the threephase stator winding in the motor stator is by being wound with four 2a, 2b, 2c that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical; 3a, 3b, 3c; 4a, 4b, 4c; 5a, 5b, 5c phase winding unit are formed, and are provided with insulating barrier 10 between each phase winding unit coil, and each phase winding unit can both independently use as complete phase winding, through four 2a, 2b, the 2c in 7,8,9 pairs of every phase windings of magnetic latching relay; 3a, 3b, 3c; 4a, 4b, 4c; 5a, 5b, 5c phase winding unit implement series, parallel and series, parallel mixes the mode of operation formation change retaining that connects; Cut off the motor power power supply in advance by the outer management system of machine in the whole change retaining course of action; Wait to become retaining and accomplish the back automatic recovery of power supply, burn, when a retaining starts in order to avoid magnetic latching relay gets an electric shock; All connect in four phase winding unit in every phase winding; When two retainings quickened, four phase winding unit in every phase winding were connected into two groups of parallel connections that will connect again after two groups in twos, when three retaining high-speed cruisings; Four phase winding unit in every phase winding are parallel connection all, and three-phase permanent is brushless, and the multi-gear wheel boss motor constitutes many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors by a plurality of rotors and corresponding a plurality of stator.

Shown in Figure 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent; 4. the contact of 7a in the power line 1a access

magnetic latching relay

7,8,9,8a, 9a reaches the head end of phase winding unit 2a; 1. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 8a, 9a all is connected on the tail end 6a of phase winding unit 5a, the contact that the tail end of phase winding unit 2a meets 7a 2., the contact that the head end of phase winding unit 3a meets 7a is 3.; The contact that the tail end of winding 3a meets 8a 2.; The contact that the head end of winding 4a meets 8a 3., the contact that the tail end of winding 4a meets 9a 2., the contact that the head end of winding 5a meets 9a is 3.; 4. the contact of 7b in the power line 1b access

magnetic latching relay

7,8,9,8b, 9b reaches the head end of phase winding unit 2b; 1. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7b, 8b, 9b all is connected on the tail end 6b of phase winding unit 5b, the contact that the tail end of phase winding unit 2b meets 7b 2., the contact that the head end of phase winding unit 3b meets 7b is 3.; The contact that the tail end of winding 3b meets 8b 2.; The contact that the head end of winding 4b meets 8b 3., the contact that the tail end of winding 4b meets 9b 2., the contact that the head end of winding 5b meets 9b is 3.; 4. the contact of 7c in the power line 1c access

magnetic latching relay

7,8,9,8c, 9c reaches the head end of phase winding unit 2c; 1. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7c, 8c, 9c all is connected on the tail end 6c of phase winding unit 5c; The contact that the tail end of phase winding unit 2c meets 7c 2., the contact that the head end of phase winding unit 3c meets 7c 3., the contact that the tail end of winding 3c meets 8c is 2.; The contact that the head end of winding 4c meets 8c 3.; The contact that the tail end of winding 4c meets 9c 2., the contact that the head end of winding 5c meets 9c 3., the tail end 6a of winding 5a, 5b, 5c, 6b, 6c are connected together becomes the common port of star connection.

Fig. 2, equivalent circuit diagram and circuit theory diagrams when being the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor one retaining starting of the utility model three-phase permanent shown in Figure 3,7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 8a, 8b, 8c; 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively, and this moment, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a meets power supply 1a, and the tail head connects the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 3a connects the first head of 4a, and the tail head of 4a connects the first head of 5a; The first head of 2b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 3b, and the tail head of 3b connects the first head of 4b, and the tail head of 4b connects the first head of 5b; The first head of 2c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 3c, and the tail head of 3c connects the first head of 4c, and the tail head of 4c connects the first head of 5c; 4 phase winding unit that are every phase divide other series connection, and the tail end of 5a, 5b, 5c links together simultaneously, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star;

Fig. 4, the equivalent circuit diagram and the circuit theory diagrams of second gear when being the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor starting of the utility model three-phase permanent post acceleration shown in Figure 5,7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,9; 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively, 3. and 4. breaks off respectively, and 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, each contact sets of 8c is connected respectively, 3. and 4. connected respectively in the magnetic latching relay 8; This moment, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a meets power supply 1a; The tail head connects the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 3a connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4a meets power supply 1a; The tail head connects the first head of 5a, and the tail head of 5a connects the common port of three phase windings; The first head of 2b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 3b, and the tail head of 3b connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 5b, and the tail head of 5b connects the common port of three phase windings; The first head of 2c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 3c, and the tail head of 3c connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 5c, and the tail head of 5c connects the common port of three phase windings; Winding element after this moment phase winding unit 2a and 3a series connection, 4a and the 5a series connection, two groups of series connection is parallelly connected again; Winding element parallel connection again after 2b and 3b series connection, 4b and the 5b series connection, two groups of series connection; Winding element parallel connection again after 2c and 3c series connection, 4c and the 5c series connection, two groups of series connection;

Fig. 6, equivalent circuit diagram and circuit theory diagrams when being the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor three retaining high-speed cruisings of the utility model three-phase permanent shown in Figure 7,7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 8a, 8b, 8c; 1. and 2. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively; 3. and 4. connect respectively, this moment, the state of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a meets power supply 1a simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously; The first head of 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b meets power supply 1b simultaneously; The first head of 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a meets power supply 1a simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously; The first head of 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c meets power supply 1c simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously, and 4 winding elements in promptly every phase winding are parallel connection all.

Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9 be the cross-sectional and sectional arrangement drawing of single group motor of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent; Constitute motor housing by rotor case 17 with the medial and lateral end cap 24,23 that end cap hold-down screw 33 is fixed on the rotor case two ends in the drawings; The one group permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case by the rotor case 17 of hollow cylinder constitutes rotor; By the motor stator that stator core 13 and the threephase stator winding on iron core constitute, the identical and distribution symmetry of three phase windings in motor stator of the electrical quantity of each phase in the coil of stator of motor winding., every phase stator winding is by being wound with four 2a, 2b, 2c that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical; 3a, 3b, 3c; 4a, 4b, 4c; 5a, 5b, 5c phase winding unit are formed; Be provided with insulating barrier 10 between each phase winding unit coil; The threephase stator winding is contained in the stator slot 14 with slot wedge 11 shutoff of wire casing mouth, and motor stator is contained on the interior motor shaft 15 of motor housing, and motor housing and rotor are fixed on the bearing 21 on the motor shaft 15; The outside of motor shaft 15 is with 22 sealings of axle envelope; The magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 that is used to shift gears evenly is installed in stator core 13 spaces between motor shaft 15 and stator slot 14, and magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 outsides are equipped with magnetic masking layer 18, between magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 and the magnetic masking layer 18 relay insulating barrier 19 are housed; All the control line 30 of magnetic latching relay is drawn by a multicore cable that has screen; Three special-purpose groove internal fixation at the motor stator core edge have three Hall rotor-position sensors 37 to operate steadily reliably to guarantee motor, and temperature sensor 35 is housed in the motor stator winding, are used for monitoring winding temperature; On motor shaft 15, have a wire hole 16; Three-phase power line 1a, 1b, 1c, magnetic latching relay control line 30 and Hall element holding wire 31 are drawn outside the machine through motor shaft wire hole 16, and the cooling of motor is to carry out the air blast cooling cooling through the air inlet pipe 29 that is installed in the motor shaft wire hole 16 with escape pipe 28, on the outside of motor end cap 23, is provided with wheel hold-down screw 20; Be used to install wheel; Inboard end cap 24 is installed brake disc 25 through brake disc hold-down screw 26, between the inboard end cap 24 of brake disc 25 and motor brake disc thermal insulation layer 36 is installed, and both sides end cap installed inside has a plurality of wind-guiding leaves; Two end cap edges of motor camber shape is equipped with wheel cylinder 32 on motor fixing seat 27.

Figure 10, be two, three groups of motor sectional arrangement drawings of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent shown in 11.Shown in figure, brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor can constitute one, two or three group of brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor by one, two or three rotor and one, two or three stator.

That shown in Figure 12 is three 7a, 7b, 7c that move simultaneously of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 8a, 8b, 8c; Respectively have on 9a, 9b, 9c contact sets and each contact sets four 1., 2., 3., the 4. sketch map of contact.

Second technical scheme

See also Figure 13 to shown in Figure 20; The utility model three-phase permanent is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor; Belong to external rotor electric machine; Mainly include the motor housing that the rotor case 17 by inboard end cap 24, outside end cap 23 and end cap two ends constitutes; The one group permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case by the rotor case 17 of hollow cylinder constitutes rotor; By the motor stator that stator core 13 and the threephase stator winding on iron core constitute, the coil of stator of motor winding is contained in the stator slot 14 with slot wedge 11 shutoff of wire casing mouth, and motor stator is contained on the interior motor shaft 15 of motor housing; Rotor is fixed on the motor shaft 15 through medial and lateral end cap 24,23 and bearing 21; The outside of motor shaft 15 is equipped with the relay that is used to shift gears with 22 sealings of axle envelope in stator core 13 spaces between motor shaft 15 and stator slot 14, and every phase stator winding of the threephase stator winding in the motor stator is by being wound with two phase winding unit 2a, 3a that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical; 2b, 3b; 2c, 3c form each phase winding unit 2a, 3a; 2b, 3b; Be equipped with insulating barrier 10 between 2c, the 3c and between whole phase winding and the stator slot 14; Each phase winding unit can both independently use as complete phase winding; Series, parallel is implemented in two phase winding unit in every phase winding and three phase windings total be connected into star or leg-of-mutton connected mode are constituted and become retaining through relay; In whole change retaining course of action, cut off the motor power power supply in advance by the management system machine outside, automatic recovery of power supply after waiting to become retaining and accomplishing is in order to avoid the magnetic latching relay electric shock is burnt; When a retaining starting, two phase winding unit 2a in every phase winding, 3a; 2b, 3b; 2c, 3c connect respectively, and three phase windings are connected into star; When two retainings quicken, two phase winding unit 2a in every phase winding, 3a; 2b, 3b; 2c, 3c parallel connection respectively, and three phase windings are connected into star; During three retaining high-speed cruisings, two phase winding unit 2a in every phase winding, 3a; 2b, 3b; 2c, 3c be parallel connection respectively, and three phase windings are connected into triangle, and three-phase permanent is brushless, and the multi-gear wheel boss motor constitutes many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors by a plurality of rotors and corresponding a plurality of stator.

Above shown in relay uses is magnetic latching relay 7,8,9, magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 includes three

contact sets

7a, 7b, the 7c of action simultaneously respectively; 8a, 8b, 8c; 1. 9a, 9b, 9c have respectively on each contact sets, 2., 3.; 1., 2., 3.; 1., 2. individual contact.

Shown in Figure 13 is the circuit theory diagrams of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent; 2. go up the contact that is connected on

magnetic latching relay

8a, 8b, 8c by three-

phase power line

1a, 1b, 1c respectively, and 1. the contact that is connected on

magnetic latching relay

9b, 9c, 9a is simultaneously respectively gone up; 3. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

9a, 9b, 9c is held with lead and is linked together, and it is last that the head end of

phase winding unit

2a, 2b, 2c is connected to three

phase mains

1a, 1b, 1c, and tail end is connected on the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 7b, 7c respectively and 2. goes up;

The head end of

phase winding unit

3a, 3b, 3c is connected to the contact of

magnetic latching relay

8a, 8b, 8c and 1. goes up, and tail end is connected on the contact of

magnetic latching relay

9a, 9b, 9c respectively and 2. goes up; The contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 7b, 7c 3. holds and 1. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

8a, 8b, 8c links together with lead respectively; 2. 1. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 7b, 7c be connected with lead respectively with the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c.

Be first retaining during electric motor starting, this moment, magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 was connected 2 phase winding unit of each phase respectively, and three phase windings are connected into star, and equivalent electric circuit is shown in Figure 14-1;

Be second retaining when quickening behind the electric motor starting, this moment, magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 made 2 phase winding unit parallel connection respectively of each phase, and three phase windings are connected into star, equivalent electric circuit shown in Figure 15-1,

Be the 3rd retaining during the motor high-speed cruising, this moment, magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 made 2 phase winding unit parallel connection respectively of each phase, and three phase windings are connected into triangle, and equivalent electric circuit is shown in Figure 16-1.

Shown in Figure 14-1 and Figure 14-2 is respectively equivalent electric circuit and the circuit theory diagrams of first retaining when (low speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent; When motor one retaining starts; Connect each other in 2 phase winding unit of every phase; Be that 2. and 3. contact that 1. and 2. contact that 2. and 3. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

9a, 9b, 9c connects all the other contact disconnections, 8a, 8b, 8c respectively is off-state, 7a, 7b, 7c is connected all the other contacts respectively and broken off; The connection status of each phase winding unit is: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively, and the tail head of 2a is connected with the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 2b is connected with the first head of 3b; The tail head of 2c is connected with the first head of 3c; Be that 2a connects with 3a, 2b connects with 3b, 2c connects with 3c, the tail end of 3a, 3b, 3c links together simultaneously, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star;

Shown in Figure 15-1 and Figure 15-2 is respectively equivalent circuit diagram and the circuit theory diagrams of second retaining when (middling speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent, and when motor two retainings, 1. and 2. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 7b, 7c is connected respectively; 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, 8c is connected respectively; When 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c was connected respectively, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively, and the tail head of 2a is connected with the tail head of 3a; The first head of 3a is connected with the first head of 2a; The tail head of 2b is connected with the tail head of 3b, and the first head of 3b is connected with the first head of 2b, and the tail head of 2c is connected with the tail head of 3c; The first head of 3c is connected with the first head of 2c; Be that 2a is parallelly connected with 3a, 2b is parallelly connected with 3b, 2c is parallelly connected with 3c, the tail end of 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c links together simultaneously, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star;

Shown in Figure 16-1 and Figure 16-2 is respectively equivalent circuit diagram and the circuit theory diagrams of the 3rd retaining when (at a high speed) of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent, and when motor three retainings, 1. and 2. the contact of

magnetic latching relay

7a, 7b, 7c is connected respectively; 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, 8c is connected respectively; When 1. and 2. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c was connected respectively, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively, and the tail head of 2a is connected with the tail head of 3a; The first head of 3a is connected with the first head of 2a; The tail head of 2b is connected with the tail head of 3b, and the first head of 3b is connected with the first head of 2b, and the tail head of 2c is connected with the tail head of 3c; The first head of 3c is connected with the first head of 2c; Be that 2a is parallelly connected with 3a, 2b is parallelly connected with 3b, 2c is parallelly connected with 3c, the while tail end of 3a is connected with the head end of 2c, the tail end of 3b is connected with the head end of 2a, the tail end of 3c is connected with the head end of 2b, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a triangle.

Figure 17, shown in Figure 180 be horizontal, the sectional arrangement drawing of single group motor of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent; Constitute motor housing by rotor case 17 with the medial and lateral end cap 24,23 that end cap hold-down screw 33 is fixed on the rotor case two ends in the drawings; The one group permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case by the rotor case 17 of hollow cylinder constitutes rotor; Constitute motor stator by stator core 13 and the threephase stator winding on iron core; Identical and the distribution symmetry of three phase windings in motor stator of the electrical quantity of each phase in the coil of stator of motor winding, every phase stator winding is by being wound with two 2a, 3a that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical; 2b, 3b; Each phase winding unit 2a, 3a are formed in 2c, 3c phase winding unit; 2b, 3b; Be equipped with insulating barrier 10 between 2c, the 3c and between whole phase winding and the stator slot 14; The threephase stator winding is contained in the stator slot 14 with slot wedge 11 shutoff of wire casing mouth; Three special-purpose groove internal fixation at stator core 13 have three Hall rotor-position sensors 37, and motor stator is contained on the motor shaft 15 in the motor housing, and rotor is fixed on the motor shaft 15 through medial and lateral end cap 24,23 and bearing 21; The outside of motor shaft 15 is with 22 sealings of axle envelope; The magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 that is used to shift gears evenly is installed in stator core 13 spaces between motor shaft 15 and stator slot 14, and magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 outsides are equipped with magnetic masking layer 18, between magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 and the magnetic masking layer 18 relay insulating barrier 19 are housed; All the control line 30 of magnetic latching relay is drawn by a multicore cable that has screen; Three special-purpose groove internal fixation at the motor stator core edge have three Hall rotor-position sensors 37 to operate steadily reliably to guarantee motor, and temperature sensor 35 is housed in the motor stator winding, are used for monitoring winding temperature; On motor shaft 15, have a wire hole 16; Three-phase power line 1a, 1b, 1c, magnetic latching relay control line 30 and Hall element holding wire 31 are drawn outside the machine through motor shaft wire hole 16, and the cooling of motor is to carry out the air blast cooling cooling through the air inlet pipe 29 that is installed in the motor shaft wire hole 16 with escape pipe 28, on the outside of motor end cap 23, is provided with wheel hold-down screw 20; Be used to install wheel; Inboard end cap 24 is installed brake disc 25 through brake disc hold-down screw 26, between the inboard end cap 24 of brake disc 25 and motor brake disc thermal insulation layer 36 is installed, and both sides end cap installed inside has a plurality of wind-guiding leaves; Two end cap edges of motor camber shape is equipped with wheel cylinder 32 on motor fixing seat 27.

Figure 19, shown in Figure 20 be the sectional arrangement drawing of two, three groups of motors of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent.Shown in figure, brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor can constitute one, two or three group of brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor by one, two or three rotor and one, two or three stator.

Shown in Figure 21 is the sketch map of the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 of the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of the utility model three-phase permanent; Magnetic latching relay has three; Include three

contact sets

7a, 7b, 7c, 8a, 8b, the 8c of action simultaneously in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9 again respectively; 9a, 9b, 9c wherein have two groups of

contact sets

7a, 7b, 7c; 1., 2., 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c has three contacts, and 1., 2. the contact of another group contact sets 8a, 8b, 8c has two contacts.

Operation principle

Many grades of wheel hub motors of brushless, permanently are formed brushless, permanently external rotor three-phase winding motor by rotor, motor stator, motor shaft and bearing, electric motor end cap; Permanent magnet is installed on the rotor; Winding is installed on the stator; Each phase winding of three phase windings is formed by a plurality of identical phase winding unit, and the coil turn of each phase winding unit and the diameter of insulated conductor are all identical with total cross section, and each phase winding unit all can be independently as phase winding; Carry out serial or parallel connection with magnetic latching relay between the phase winding unit, when all connect in the phase winding unit, be used for electric motor starting.

Technical scheme one

The moment that electric motor starting begins, because of motor remains static, its back electromotive force is 0, according to the fundamental formular of motor: I=(V-E)/R; Wherein I is a current of electric, and V is a supply voltage, and E is a counter electromotive force of motor, and R is the motor internal resistance; This moment, electric current I was very big, and electric efficiency is very low, and exactly this moment, automobile needed very big moment of torsion to overcome the inertia of automobile, and it is static to motion that it is had; Four phase winding units in series of every phase are got up, and have reduced the voltage that each winding element is born, and increased the motor internal resistance, thereby total current is suppressed; Umber of turn that the more important thing is every phase this moment is for maximum, so the magnetic flux density of winding is maximum, (T is torque in the formula, and K is a constant by formula T=KI φ; I is an electric current, and φ is the magnetic flux that winding produces) can know that this moment, the torque of motor was maximum, (n is a rotating speed according to formula n=kU/ φ; K is a constant, and φ is the magnetic flux that winding produces) can know motor low-speed big operation this moment

When phase winding unit series and parallel mixes, be used for the acceleration of motor, after connecting like this, the total number of turns of every phase winding has reduced one times than one grade of startup the time; Corresponding magnetic flux density φ has also just reduced, and the voltage that obtains on each phase winding unit is one grade of when starting two times, 1/4 when the motor internal resistance is reduced to one grade; By formula I=(V-E)/R, can find out that the reducing of the increase of V and R increases electric current I; Can know that by formula P=√ 3IV this moment, power of motor increased, and can be known by formula T=KI φ and formula n=kU/ φ; Only consider one of the variation of each winding element voltage; This moment, motor speed was high again one times just than one grade the time, add that magnetic flux change and internal resistance change factor, when at this moment speed approximately is one grade in theory about three times.

The high-speed cruising that when the phase winding unit is all parallelly connected, is used for motor; When the voltage that obtain on each phase winding unit this moment is second gear two times; When the total internal resistance R of the motor windings after the parallel connection also reduces to second gear 1/4 by formula I=(V-E)/R, can be known; Voltage V on the phase winding unit increases and all-in resistance R reduces, and can cause the increase of total current I.The minimizing of parallel connection back winding total number of turns makes the magnetic flux of its generation reduce again; Cause moment of torsion to reduce, (n is a rotating speed, and k is a constant according to formula n=kU/ φ; φ is the magnetic flux that winding produces); The power concentration of this moment is embodied on the speed, so speed can be very high, series and parallel between the phase winding unit and series, parallel mix to connect through several magnetic latching relays to be realized also being divided into several gears to motor by starting, accelerate to process at full speed; Motor operation management system by machine is outer is implemented the i.e. gearshift of control with the motor real-time parameter to magnetic latching relay according to actual needs, thereby realizes automatic gear-shifting.In magnetic latching relay when action,, management system can automatic premature termination stops motor power to be supplied with, treat the shift action accomplish after automatic recovery of power supply again, magnetic latching relay course of action no-spark has guaranteed the safe and reliable of operation.Magnetic latching relay is installed in the motor stator core clearance spaces, and motor power-supply wire has only three to draw, and it is convenient that motor is produced.

Technical scheme two

The moment that electric motor starting begins, because of motor remains static, its back electromotive force is 0, according to the fundamental formular of motor: I=(V-E)/R; Wherein I is a current of electric, and V is a supply voltage, and E is a counter electromotive force of motor, and R is the motor internal resistance; This moment, electric current I was very big, and electric efficiency is very low, and exactly this moment, automobile needed very big moment of torsion to overcome the inertia of automobile, and it is static to motion that it is had; The utility model technical scheme is got up 2 phase winding units in series of every phase this moment, has reduced the voltage that each winding element is born, and has increased the motor internal resistance, thereby total current is suppressed; Umber of turn that the more important thing is every phase this moment is for maximum, so the magnetic flux density of winding is maximum, (T is torque in the formula, and K is a constant by formula T=KI φ; I is an electric current, and φ is the magnetic flux that winding produces) can know that this moment, the torque of motor was maximum, (n is a rotating speed according to formula n=kU/ φ; K is a constant, and φ is the magnetic flux that winding produces) can know that this moment, the operation of motor low-speed big was promptly one grade.

When motor quickened to be second gear, the present technique scheme was with the parallel connection respectively of 2 winding elements in every phase winding, after connecting like this; The total number of turns of every phase winding has reduced one times than one grade of startup the time, and corresponding magnetic flux density φ has also just reduced, and the voltage that obtains on each phase winding unit is one grade of when starting 2 times; The motor internal resistance has also reduced by one times, by formula I=(V-E)/R, can find out; The reducing of the increase of V and R increases electric current I, can be known by formula P=√ 3IV, and this moment, power of motor increased; Can know that by formula T=KI φ and formula n=kU/ φ only consider one of the variation of each winding element voltage, this moment is high again one times when motor speed is just than one grade; Add that magnetic flux change and internal resistance change factor, when the speed of this moment approximately is one grade in theory about three times.

When the motor high-speed cruising was third gear, the present technique scheme was: the connection status when each phase winding unit keeps second gear, and the connected mode that three phase windings are total changes triangle into; Increased one times again in the time of the voltage ratio second gear that applies on each phase winding unit this moment; Can know according to formula n=kU/ φ (n is a rotating speed, and k is a constant, and φ is the magnetic flux that winding produces); Only consider one of the variation of each winding element voltage; This moment, motor speed was high again 1 times just than 2 grades the time, add that magnetic flux change and internal resistance change factor, when at this moment speed approximately is 2 grades in theory about 3 times.

The star of series and parallel between the phase winding unit and three phase windings, triangle change through several magnetic latching relays to be realized also being divided into several gears to motor by starting, accelerate to process at full speed; Motor operation management system by machine is outer is implemented the i.e. gearshift of control with the motor real-time parameter to magnetic latching relay according to actual needs, thereby realizes automatic gear-shifting.In magnetic latching relay when action,, management system can automatic premature termination stops motor power to be supplied with, treat the shift action accomplish after automatic recovery of power supply again, magnetic latching relay course of action no-spark has guaranteed the safe and reliable of operation.Magnetic latching relay is installed in the motor stator core clearance spaces, and motor power-supply wire has only three to draw, and it is convenient that motor is produced.

The above; It only is the preferred embodiment of the utility model; Be not that the utility model is done any pro forma restriction; Every technical spirit according to the utility model all still belongs in the scope of the utility model technical scheme any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.

Claims

1. brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent; It is external rotor electric machine; Include the motor housing, stator and the rotor that are fixed on the motor shaft, it is characterized in that: motor housing is made up of the inside and outside end cap at rotor case and two ends, and rotor is made up of the rotor case 17 of hollow cylinder one group of permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case; Stator is made up of stator core and the threephase stator winding on iron core; The coil of stator of motor winding is contained in the stator slot with slot wedge the shutoff of wire casing mouth, and motor stator is installed on the motor shaft in the motor housing, in the stator core space between motor shaft and stator slot the magnetic latching relay that is used to shift gears is installed; Include three contact sets of action simultaneously in the magnetic latching relay again respectively; Four contacts are respectively arranged on each contact sets, and the every phase stator winding in the motor threephase stator winding is formed by being wound with four phase winding unit that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical, is provided with insulating barrier between each phase winding unit coil; Each phase winding unit can both independently use as complete phase winding; Through magnetic latching relay series, parallel and series, parallel are implemented in four phase winding unit in every phase winding and mix the mode of operation that connects and constitute and become retaining, cut off the motor power power supply in advance by the outer management system of machine in the whole change retaining course of action, automatic recovery of power supply after waiting to become retaining and accomplishing; In order to avoid getting an electric shock, burns by magnetic latching relay; During one retaining starting, all connect in four phase winding unit in every phase winding, when two retainings quicken; Four phase winding unit in every phase winding are connected into two groups of parallel connections that will connect again after two groups in twos; During three retaining high-speed cruisings, four phase winding unit in every phase winding are parallel connection all, and three-phase permanent is brushless, and the multi-gear wheel boss motor constitutes many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors by a plurality of rotors and corresponding a plurality of stator.

2. the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the syntagmatic of described change retaining magnetic latching relay and phase winding unit is 7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 8a, 8b, 8c; 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively, and this moment, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a meets power supply 1a, and the tail head connects the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 3a connects the first head of 4a, and the tail head of 4a connects the first head of 5a; The first head of 2b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 3b, and the tail head of 3b connects the first head of 4b, and the tail head of 4b connects the first head of 5b; The first head of 2c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 3c, and the tail head of 3c connects the first head of 4c, and the tail head of 4c connects the first head of 5c; 4 each the phase winding unit that are every phase divide other series connection, and the tail end of 5a, 5b, 5c links together simultaneously, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star, and be first retaining this moment;

7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,9; 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively, 3. and 4. breaks off respectively, and 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, each contact sets of 8c is connected respectively, 3. and 4. connected respectively in the magnetic latching relay 8; This moment, the connection status of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a meets power supply 1a; The tail head connects the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 3a connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4a meets power supply 1a; The tail head connects the first head of 5a, and the tail head of 5a connects the common port of three phase windings; The first head of 2b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 3b, and the tail head of 3b connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4b meets power supply 1b, and the tail head connects the first head of 5b, and the tail head of 5b connects the common port of three phase windings; The first head of 2c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 3c, and the tail head of 3c connects the common port of three phase windings, and the first head of 4c meets power supply 1c, and the tail head connects the first head of 5c, and the tail head of 5c connects the common port of three phase windings; Winding element after this moment phase winding unit 2a and 3a series connection, 4a and the 5a series connection, two groups of series connection is parallelly connected again; Winding element parallel connection again after 2b and 3b series connection, 4b and the 5b series connection, two groups of series connection; Winding element parallel connection again after 2c and 3c series connection, 4c and the 5c series connection, two groups of series connection, be second retaining this moment;

7a, 7b, 7c in the magnetic latching relay 7,8,9; 8a, 8b, 8c; 1. and 2. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively; 3. and 4. connect respectively, this moment, the state of each phase winding unit was: the first head of 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a meets power supply 1a simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously; The first head of 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b meets power supply 1b simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously; The first head of 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c meets power supply 1c simultaneously, and the tail head connects three phase winding common ports simultaneously, and 4 each winding element in promptly every phase winding are parallel connection all, and be the 3rd retaining this moment.

3. the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the identical and distribution symmetry of three phase windings in motor stator of the electrical quantity of each phase in the threephase stator winding in the described motor stator.

4. the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: described magnetic latching relay outside is equipped with magnetic masking layer; Between magnetic latching relay and the magnetic masking layer insulating barrier is housed, all the control line of magnetic latching relay is drawn by a multicore cable that has screen.

5. the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: three special-purpose groove internal fixation at said motor stator core edge have three Hall rotor-position sensors to operate steadily reliably to guarantee motor; And temperature sensor is housed in the motor stator winding, is used for monitoring winding temperature.

6. the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to claim 5 is characterized in that: motor carries out the air blast cooling cooling through air inlet pipe and the escape pipe that is installed in the motor shaft wire hole.

7. brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: have wire hole on the described motor shaft, the control line of three-phase power line, magnetic latching relay and Hall element lead-in wire are drawn outside the machine through the motor shaft wire hole.

8. the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: described outboard end covers and is provided with the wheel hold-down screw; Be used to install wheel, inboard end cap is equipped with brake disc through screw, between the inboard end cap of brake disc and motor thermal insulation layer is installed; Both sides end cap installed inside has a plurality of wind-guiding leaves, two end cap edges of motor camber shape.

9. according to claim 1,2, the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of 4 or 8 described three-phase permanents, it is characterized in that: described many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors are to constitute one, two or three group of brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor by one, two or three rotor and one, two or three stator.

10. brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of three-phase permanent; It is external rotor electric machine; Include the motor housing, stator and the rotor that are fixed on the motor shaft, it is characterized in that: motor housing is made up of the inside and outside end cap at rotor case and two ends, and the rotor case 17 of the rotor hollow cylinder one group permanent magnet 12 inboard with being installed in rotor case constitutes; Stator is made up of stator core and the threephase stator winding on iron core; The coil of stator of motor winding is contained in the stator slot with slot wedge the shutoff of wire casing mouth, and motor stator is contained on the motor shaft in the motor housing, and motor housing and rotor are fixed on the bearing on the motor shaft; The outside of motor shaft is with the sealing of axle envelope; In the stator core space between motor shaft and stator slot the relay that is used to shift gears is installed, the every phase stator winding in the threephase stator winding in the motor stator is formed by being wound with two phase winding unit that total number of turns is identical, the winding conducting wire diameter is identical, the winding conducting wire total sectional area is identical, is equipped with insulating barrier between each phase winding unit and between whole phase winding and the stator slot; Each phase winding unit can both independently use as complete phase winding; Series, parallel is implemented in two phase winding unit in every phase winding and three phase windings total be connected into star or leg-of-mutton connected mode are constituted and become retaining through relay, cut off the motor power power supply in advance by the outer management system of machine in the whole change retaining course of action, automatic recovery of power supply after waiting to become retaining and accomplishing; In order to avoid getting an electric shock, burns by magnetic latching relay; During one retaining starting, connect respectively in two phase winding unit in every phase winding, and three phase windings are connected into star; When two retainings quicken, the parallel connection respectively of two phase winding unit in every phase winding, and three phase windings are connected into star; Three retainings are during high-speed cruisings, the parallel connection respectively of two phase winding unit in every phase winding, and three phase windings are connected into triangle, and three-phase permanent is brushless, and the multi-gear wheel boss motor constitutes many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors by a plurality of rotors and corresponding a plurality of stator.

11. three-phase permanent according to claim 10 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor; 2. and 3. it is characterized in that: the syntagmatic of described change retaining magnetic latching relay and phase winding unit is that the contact of magnetic latching relay 9a, 9b, 9c is when 2. and 3. the contact of connection respectively, 8a, 8b, the 8c contact that 1. and 2. is off-state, 7a, 7b, 7c is connected respectively; The connection status of each phase winding unit is: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively; The tail head of 2a is connected with the first head of 3a, and the tail head of 2b is connected with the first head of 3b, and the tail head of 2c is connected with the first head of 3c; Be that 2a connects with 3a, 2b connects with 3b, 2c connects with 3c; The tail end of 3a, 3b, 3c links together simultaneously, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star, and be first retaining of motor this moment;

1. and 2. connect respectively when the contact of magnetic latching relay 7a, 7b, 7c, 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, 8c is connected respectively, when 2. and 3. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively; The connection status of each phase winding unit is: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively, and the tail head of 2a is connected with the tail head of 3a, and the first head of 3a is connected with the first head of 2a; The tail head of 2b is connected with the tail head of 3b; The first head of 3b is connected with the first head of 2b, and the tail head of 2c is connected with the tail head of 3c, and the first head of 3c is connected with the first head of 2c; Be that 2a is parallelly connected with 3a, 2b is parallelly connected with 3b, 2c is parallelly connected with 3c; The tail end of 3a, 3b, 3c links together simultaneously, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a star, and be second retaining of motor this moment;

1. and 2. connect respectively when the contact of magnetic latching relay 7a, 7b, 7c, 1. and 2. the contact of 8a, 8b, 8c is connected respectively, when 1. and 2. the contact of 9a, 9b, 9c is connected respectively; The connection status of each phase winding unit is: the first head of 2a, 2b, 2c is connected with A, B, C three phase mains respectively, and the tail head of 2a is connected with the tail head of 3a, and the first head of 3a is connected with the first head of 2a; The tail head of 2b is connected with the tail head of 3b; The first head of 3b is connected with the first head of 2b, and the tail head of 2c is connected with the tail head of 3c, and the first head of 3c is connected with the first head of 2c; Be that 2a is parallelly connected with 3a, 2b is parallelly connected with 3b, 2c is parallelly connected with 3c; The while tail end of 3a is connected with the head end of 2c, the tail end of 3b is connected with the head end of 2a, the tail end of 3c is connected with the head end of 2b, and promptly the total connected mode of three phase windings is a triangle, and be the 3rd retaining of motor this moment.

12. three-phase permanent according to claim 11 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor is characterized in that: the identical and distribution symmetry of three phase windings in motor stator of the electrical quantity of each phase in the threephase stator winding in the described motor stator.

13. three-phase permanent according to claim 12 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor; It is characterized in that: described relay is a magnetic latching relay; Magnetic latching relay includes three contact sets of action simultaneously respectively, and three, three, two effective contacts are arranged respectively on each contact sets.

14. three-phase permanent according to claim 13 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor; It is characterized in that: described magnetic latching relay outside is equipped with magnetic masking layer; Between magnetic latching relay and the magnetic masking layer insulating barrier is housed, all the control line of magnetic latching relay is drawn by a multicore cable that has screen.

15. three-phase permanent according to claim 10 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor; It is characterized in that: three special-purpose groove internal fixation at described motor stator core edge have three Hall rotor-position sensors to operate steadily reliably to guarantee motor; And temperature sensor is housed in the motor stator winding, is used for monitoring winding temperature.

16. three-phase permanent according to claim 15 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor is characterized in that: motor carries out the air blast cooling cooling through air inlet pipe and the escape pipe that is installed in the motor shaft wire hole.

17. three-phase permanent according to claim 16 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor is characterized in that: have wire hole on the described motor shaft, the control line of three-phase power line, magnetic latching relay and Hall element lead-in wire are drawn outside the machine through the motor shaft wire hole.

18. three-phase permanent according to claim 17 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor; It is characterized in that: cover at the motor outboard end and be provided with the wheel hold-down screw; Be used to install wheel, inboard end cap is equipped with brake disc through screw, between the inboard end cap of brake disc and motor thermal insulation layer is installed; Both sides end cap installed inside has a plurality of wind-guiding leaves, two end cap edges of motor camber shape.

19. three-phase permanent according to claim 18 is brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor is characterized in that: wheel cylinder is housed on motor fixing seat.

20. according to claim 10,11,14, the brushless multi-gear wheel boss motor of 18 or 19 described three-phase permanents, it is characterized in that: described many group brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motors are to constitute one, two or three group of brush-less permanent magnetic multi-gear wheel boss motor by one, two or three rotor and one, two or three stator.