CN202033431U - Electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system comprehensive experimental apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型属于电动车领域,尤其涉及一种电动车辆再生制动及能源系统综合实验装置。本实用新型的主要部分由电机1、转速转矩传感器2、转动惯量3、磁粉制动器4、电池-超级电容能源驱动系统、DC/DC转换器7、集成控制系统组成。蓄电池组8与超级电容组6组合共同为电机1提供能源和快速回收再生制动能量。本实验装置可以模拟电动车中电机的启动、加速、制动等绝大多数的运行工况,为电动车能源控制及再生制动功能的开发提供实验平台。通过改变实验装置各部件的相互连接方式,能够提供能源驱动系统实验、电机性能实验、再生制动实验及总监控系统优化试验等。
The utility model belongs to the field of electric vehicles, in particular to an electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system comprehensive experimental device. The main part of the utility model is composed of a motor 1, a rotational speed torque sensor 2, a moment of inertia 3, a magnetic powder brake 4, a battery-supercapacitor energy drive system, a DC/DC converter 7, and an integrated control system. The combination of the battery pack 8 and the supercapacitor pack 6 jointly provides energy for the motor 1 and rapidly recovers regenerative braking energy. This experimental device can simulate most of the operating conditions of the motor in electric vehicles, such as starting, accelerating, and braking, and provides an experimental platform for the development of energy control and regenerative braking functions of electric vehicles. By changing the interconnection mode of the various components of the experimental device, it can provide energy drive system experiments, motor performance experiments, regenerative braking experiments and total monitoring system optimization tests, etc.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及电动车辆领域,尤其涉及一种动力电池与超级电容混合驱动并且具有制动能量回收功能的实验装置。 The invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, in particular to an experimental device for hybrid driving of a power battery and a supercapacitor and having a braking energy recovery function. the
背景技术 Background technique
当今,电动车的研发与应用已成为改善城市环境污染和降低能源依赖度的有效途径之一。但传统的蓄电池为动力的电动车,受蓄电池比功率小、工作温度范围小、充放电寿命短等因素制约,很难满足广大的市场需要。超级电容是近年来出现的一种新型储能元件,具有长寿命、比功率大、质量轻、工作温度范围宽及环保等特点。如果能够将两者结合,在为电动车提供电能时发挥各自的优点,将会更好地满足实际需求。超级电容器和蓄电池混合动力电动车是一种技术优化方案,是当前新能源汽车重要发展方向。 Today, the development and application of electric vehicles has become one of the effective ways to improve urban environmental pollution and reduce energy dependence. However, the traditional battery-powered electric vehicles are restricted by factors such as low battery specific power, small operating temperature range, and short charge and discharge life, so it is difficult to meet the needs of the broad market. Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage element that has emerged in recent years. It has the characteristics of long life, high specific power, light weight, wide operating temperature range and environmental protection. If the two can be combined to give play to their respective advantages when providing electric energy for electric vehicles, the actual needs will be better met. Supercapacitor and storage battery hybrid electric vehicle is a technical optimization scheme and an important development direction of new energy vehicles. the
超级电容具有能够快速充放电的特性,针对城市工况行驶时,经常遇到红灯、堵车、频繁起动、制动、停车等情况,超级电容如果能有效地可以把制动、减速所消耗的能量回收用于汽车起动、加速,将可以减少能源浪费,提高能源使用效率。电池电容混合驱动系统中要克服超级电容有比能量低、蓄电池有比功率低等缺点,且对于控制器的设计、系统各部件之间的参数匹配要求较高,各个主要部件、子系统之间的相互作用和影响复杂,如何对各部件加以有效的控制,是需要解决和不断完善的。本实验新型就是针对上述问题所提出的一种新的实验解决方案。 Supercapacitors have the characteristics of fast charging and discharging. When driving in urban conditions, you often encounter situations such as red lights, traffic jams, frequent starting, braking, and parking. If supercapacitors can effectively use braking and deceleration Energy recovery is used for vehicle starting and acceleration, which will reduce energy waste and improve energy efficiency. In the battery-capacitor hybrid drive system, the disadvantages of low specific energy of supercapacitor and low specific power of battery must be overcome, and there are high requirements for the design of the controller and the matching of parameters between the various components of the system. The interaction and influence of various components are complex, and how to effectively control each component needs to be solved and continuously improved. This experimental model is a new experimental solution to the above problems. the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于由此提供一个包含电动车辆再生制动及动力电池与超级电容混合驱动的综合实验装置。该实验装置可以研究如何对电池与超级电容混合驱动系统进行有效控制达到更高的能源利用率。也可以利用该实验装置模拟电动车减速制动时动能转化为电能过程,研究如何最大效率地回收电动车辆再生制动能量。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive experimental device including electric vehicle regenerative braking and power battery and supercapacitor hybrid drive. This experimental device can study how to effectively control the battery and supercapacitor hybrid drive system to achieve higher energy utilization. The experimental device can also be used to simulate the process of converting kinetic energy into electric energy when the electric vehicle decelerates and brakes, and to study how to recover the regenerative braking energy of electric vehicles with maximum efficiency. the
为了能够实现以上目的,本发明采用如下技术方案: In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
电动车辆再生制动及能源系统综合实验装置,其特征在于包括:功率输出部分、电能驱动部分、集成控制部分;其中: The comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system is characterized by including: a power output part, an electric energy drive part, and an integrated control part; wherein:
A、功率输出部分:电机1、转速转矩传感器2、转动惯量3、磁粉制动器4依次通过联轴器5同轴机械连接;
A. Power output part:
B、电能驱动部分:包括有超级电容组6、DC/DC转换器7、蓄电池组(8)、电机控制器9,其有如下连接形式:
B. Electric drive part: including
1)蓄电池组8与超级电容组6直接并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接;
1) The
2)超级电容组6与DC/DC转换器7串联连接,再与蓄电池组8并联连接,后与电 机控制器9连接;
2) The
3)蓄电池组8与DC/DC转换器7串联连接,再与超级电容组6并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接;
3) The
4)双DC/DC转换器:超级电容组6和蓄电池组8分别与一个DC/DC转换器7串联连接,后两者并联连接,最后与电机控制器9连接;
4) Dual DC/DC converters: the
C、集成控制部分:包括有转速转矩频率测量控制仪10、张力控制器11、总监控系统12、控制器局域网CAN总线13,其与功率输出部分和电能驱动部分的连接关系如下:张力控制器11与磁粉制动器4连接,转速转矩传感器2与转速转矩频率测量控制仪10连接,电机控制器9与电机1连接,最后总监控系统12通过控制器局域网CAN总线13与DC/DC转换器7并联后分别与张力控制器11、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10和电机控制器9连接。
C. Integrated control part: including speed torque
功率输出部分中,同轴依次连接电机1、转速转矩传感器2、转动惯量3、磁粉制动器4根据不同的实验要求连接或断开。
In the power output part, the
所述的总监控系统12、张力控制器11、电机控制器9、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10可采用单片机、DSP;所述的DC/DC转换器7采用buck-boost升降压电路。
The
所述的电机1具有电磁制动功能,既能作为电动机提供转速转矩,也能作为发电机回收动能并输送存储到能源驱动部分中。
The
本实验新型中:能源驱动部分主要由蓄电池组8和超级电容组6组成,根据实验要求,通过DC/DC转换器7和总监控系统12的控制,蓄电池组和超级电容组可单独或共同为电机1提供电能。电机1用于模拟实验电动车上电机的输出功率,与转速转矩传感器2连接后,可由转速转矩传感器2测出电机1的转速转矩并输送到总监控系统12供实验分析。转动惯量3用于模拟实验电动车的惯量,惯量大小可根据实验要求,通过增大或减小模拟惯量相应尺寸进行修改。磁粉制动器4与转动惯量3连接,用于模拟电动车机械制动过程,磁粉制动器4的制动转矩由张力控制器11决定。总监控系统12分别通过CAN总线13分别连接DC/DC转换器7、转速转矩传感器2和张力控制器11,根据不同实验采用的控制策略,向DC/DC转换器7、转速转矩传感器2和张力控制器11发送相应的指令,对各控制对象进行监测与控制,可以控制并优化在能源驱动部分不同的连接模式下和不同控制策略对功率输出部分提供电能的效率,也可以实验和优化在再生制动过程中不同控制策略下动能转换为电能的效率。
In this experimental model: the energy drive part is mainly composed of a
本发明可取得如下有益效果: The present invention can obtain following beneficial effect:
(1)具有再生制动功能,可以有效地将制动时消耗在机械系统上的部分能量进行回收,与电机1结合,将动能转化为电能储存到能源驱动部分中的蓄电池组8和超级电容组6中。可以实验、分析在制动过程中,机械制动与电磁制动的分配问题,以及能源驱动部分电能存储的效率问题。
(1) It has a regenerative braking function, which can effectively recover part of the energy consumed in the mechanical system during braking, and combine with the
(2)综合实验装置由蓄电池组8和超级电容组6向电机1提供电能,根据实验要求,既可以分别对蓄电池组8、超级电容组6的性能进行试验检测,也可以对电池-电容混合驱 动系统中蓄电池组8和超级电容组6中的各种连接模式和功率分配控制策略进行试验和优化。
(2) The comprehensive experimental device provides electric energy to the
(3)本实验装置,安装方便,结构紧凑简单,在此基础上仍有拓展型,提供增强功能的空间,使实验更加成熟。 (3) The experimental device is easy to install and has a compact and simple structure. On this basis, there is still an expansion type, which provides room for enhanced functions and makes the experiment more mature. the
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1电动车辆再生制动及能源系统综合实验装置的第一结构示意图; Figure 1 The first structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;
图2电动车辆再生制动及能源系统综合实验装置的第二结构示意图; Fig. 2 The second structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;
图3电动车辆再生制动及能源系统综合实验装置的第三结构示意图; Figure 3 is the third schematic diagram of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;
图4电动车辆再生制动及能源系统综合实验装置的第四结构示意图; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;
图中:1-电机,2-转速转矩传感器,3-转动惯量,4-磁粉制动器,5-联轴器,6-超级电容组,7--DC/DC转换器,8-蓄电池组,9-电机控制器,10-转速转矩频率测量控制仪,11-张力控制器,12-总监控系统,13-CAN总线。 In the figure: 1-motor, 2-speed torque sensor, 3-moment of inertia, 4-magnetic powder brake, 5-coupling, 6-supercapacitor group, 7-DC/DC converter, 8-battery pack, 9-motor controller, 10-speed torque frequency measurement controller, 11-tension controller, 12-general monitoring system, 13-CAN bus. the
具体实施方式: Detailed ways:
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明: The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
根据实验装置的功能分类,可将本实验装置分解为三大部分: According to the functional classification of the experimental device, the experimental device can be decomposed into three parts:
1、功率输出部分:如图1所示,电机1、转速转矩传感器2、转动惯量3、磁粉制动器4依次通过联轴器5同轴机械连接,电机1、转速转矩传感器2、磁粉制动器4均固定在综合实验系统台架上,转动惯量3两端由支架支撑。
1. Power output part: as shown in Figure 1, the
2、电能驱动部分可根据实验要求有多种结构形式: 2. The electric drive part can have various structural forms according to the experimental requirements:
(1)蓄电池组8与超级电容组6直接并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接,如图1所示;
(1) The
(2)超级电容组6与DC/DC转换器7连接串联连接,再与蓄电池组8并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接,如图2所示;
(2) The
(3)蓄电池组8与DC/DC转换器7串联连接,再与超级电容组6并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接,如图3所示;
(3) The
(4)双DC/DC转换器:超级电容组6和蓄电池组8分别与一个DC/DC转换器7串联连接,后两者并联连接,最后与电机控制器9连接,如图4所示。
(4) Dual DC/DC converters: the
3、集成控制部分连接及与功率输出部分和电能驱动部分总连接:张力控制器11与磁粉制动器4连接,转速转矩传感器2与转速转矩频率测量控制仪10连接,电机控制器9与电机1连接,最后总监控系统12通过CAN总线分别与张力控制器11、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10和电机控制器9连接。
3. The connection of the integrated control part and the general connection with the power output part and the electric energy drive part: the
具体工作原理如下: The specific working principle is as follows:
1、能源驱动系统实验: 1. Energy drive system experiment:
(1)蓄电池组驱动系统:断开超级电容组6与电机控制器9连接,将蓄电池组8直接与电机控制器9连接,单独为电机1提供能源。此布置方案通过总监控系统12对电机控制器9、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10、张力控制器11的控制及信号采集,可以对蓄电池组8的工作性能进行试验及分析,并优化控制策略。
(1) Battery pack drive system: disconnect the
(2)超级电容组驱动系统:断开蓄电池组8与电机控制器9连接,将超级电容组6直接与电机控制器9连接,单独为电机1提供能源。此布置方案通过总监控系统12对电机控制器9、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10、张力控制器11的控制及信号采集,可以对超级电容组6的工作性能特性进行试验及分析,并优化控制策略。
(2) Supercapacitor drive system: disconnect the
(3)蓄电池-超级电容混合驱动系统:蓄电池组1和超级电容组3与电机控制器9连接根据实验要求有四种不同的方式。第一种,蓄电池组8与超级电容组6直接并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接;第二种,超级电容组6与DC/DC转换器7串联连接,再与蓄电池组8并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接;第三种,蓄电池组8与DC/DC转换器7串联连接,再与超级电容组6并联连接,后与电机控制器9连接;第四种,超级电容组6和蓄电池组8分别与一个DC/DC转换器7串联连接,后两者并联连接,最后与电机控制器9连接。四种方式均可为电机1提供电能。此种布置方案可以根据不同的实验要求,通过总监控系统12对电机控制器9、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10、张力控制器11的控制及信号采集,对四种连接模式进行试验分析,并优化控制策略。
(3) Battery-supercapacitor hybrid drive system: There are four different ways to connect the
2、电机性能实验: 2. Motor performance experiment:
断开转速转矩传感器2与转动惯量3之间的连接,使电机1空转;或断开磁粉制动器4与转速转矩传感器2之间的连接,使电机1带动转动惯量3转动。此方案通过总监控系统12对电机控制器9、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10的控制和信号采集,可以对电机1在不同能源驱动模式下的性能进行测试和分析。
Disconnect the connection between the
3、再生制动实验: 3. Regenerative braking experiment:
根据不同试验要求,总监控系统12通过控制张力控制器11,张力控制器11通过改变磁粉制动器4制动转矩模拟实验电动车的机械制动效果,总监控系统12通过控制电机控制器9,使电机1的工作状态变为发电机状态。电机1通过电机控制器9可与不同的能源驱动模式连接,制动后电动车模拟惯量的动能会转化成电能存储到能源驱动系统内。此布置方案通过总监控系统12对电机控制器9、转速转矩频率测量控制仪10、张力控制器11的控制和信号采集,可以对不同的电机、磁粉制动器、电能回收控制策略进行实验分析和优化。
According to different test requirements, the
4、总监控系统优化试验: 4. Optimization test of the total monitoring system:
根据不同的实验要求,总监控系统12通过CAN总线13连接电机控制器9、转速转矩频 率测量控制仪10、张力控制器11模拟和控制不同的实验情况,对总监控系统12的控制过程进行实验及优化,以求达到更高的峰值功率、能源利用率和再生制动回收效率。
According to different experimental requirements, the
Claims (3)
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102411100A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2012-04-11 | 北京工业大学 | Comprehensive experimental device for regenerative braking and energy system of electric vehicle |
CN103776638A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-07 | 广东机电职业技术学院 | Device and method for simulating starting and regenerative brake of hybrid electric vehicle |
CN104635667A (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-05-20 | 北京工业大学 | Electric vehicle regenerative braking and ESP coordinated control quick development platform |
CN105116260A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-02 | 西南交通大学 | Direct-current traction substation regenerative electric energy utilization test system |
CN110426631A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-08 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | The compound test device of new-energy automobile dynamical system and test method |
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2011
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102411100A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2012-04-11 | 北京工业大学 | Comprehensive experimental device for regenerative braking and energy system of electric vehicle |
CN103776638A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-07 | 广东机电职业技术学院 | Device and method for simulating starting and regenerative brake of hybrid electric vehicle |
CN103776638B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-10-26 | 广东机电职业技术学院 | A kind of hybrid vehicle of simulating starts and the device and method of regenerative braking characteristic |
CN104635667A (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-05-20 | 北京工业大学 | Electric vehicle regenerative braking and ESP coordinated control quick development platform |
CN104635667B (en) * | 2014-12-07 | 2017-05-24 | 北京工业大学 | Electric vehicle regenerative braking and ESP coordinated control quick development platform |
CN105116260A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-02 | 西南交通大学 | Direct-current traction substation regenerative electric energy utilization test system |
CN105116260B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-10-17 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of DC traction substation regenerative electric energy utilizes pilot system |
CN110426631A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-08 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | The compound test device of new-energy automobile dynamical system and test method |
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