CN202033431U - Electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system comprehensive experimental apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of electric vehicles, in particular to an electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system comprehensive experimental device. The main part of the utility model is composed of a motor 1, a rotational speed torque sensor 2, a moment of inertia 3, a magnetic powder brake 4, a battery-supercapacitor energy drive system, a DC/DC converter 7, and an integrated control system. The combination of the battery pack 8 and the supercapacitor pack 6 jointly provides energy for the motor 1 and rapidly recovers regenerative braking energy. This experimental device can simulate most of the operating conditions of the motor in electric vehicles, such as starting, accelerating, and braking, and provides an experimental platform for the development of energy control and regenerative braking functions of electric vehicles. By changing the interconnection mode of the various components of the experimental device, it can provide energy drive system experiments, motor performance experiments, regenerative braking experiments and total monitoring system optimization tests, etc.

Description

Comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, in particular to an experimental device for hybrid driving of a power battery and a supercapacitor and having a braking energy recovery function. the

Background technique

Today, the development and application of electric vehicles has become one of the effective ways to improve urban environmental pollution and reduce energy dependence. However, the traditional battery-powered electric vehicles are restricted by factors such as low battery specific power, small operating temperature range, and short charge and discharge life, so it is difficult to meet the needs of the broad market. Supercapacitor is a new type of energy storage element that has emerged in recent years. It has the characteristics of long life, high specific power, light weight, wide operating temperature range and environmental protection. If the two can be combined to give play to their respective advantages when providing electric energy for electric vehicles, the actual needs will be better met. Supercapacitor and storage battery hybrid electric vehicle is a technical optimization scheme and an important development direction of new energy vehicles. the

Supercapacitors have the characteristics of fast charging and discharging. When driving in urban conditions, you often encounter situations such as red lights, traffic jams, frequent starting, braking, and parking. If supercapacitors can effectively use braking and deceleration Energy recovery is used for vehicle starting and acceleration, which will reduce energy waste and improve energy efficiency. In the battery-capacitor hybrid drive system, the disadvantages of low specific energy of supercapacitor and low specific power of battery must be overcome, and there are high requirements for the design of the controller and the matching of parameters between the various components of the system. The interaction and influence of various components are complex, and how to effectively control each component needs to be solved and continuously improved. This experimental model is a new experimental solution to the above problems. the

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive experimental device including electric vehicle regenerative braking and power battery and supercapacitor hybrid drive. This experimental device can study how to effectively control the battery and supercapacitor hybrid drive system to achieve higher energy utilization. The experimental device can also be used to simulate the process of converting kinetic energy into electric energy when the electric vehicle decelerates and brakes, and to study how to recover the regenerative braking energy of electric vehicles with maximum efficiency. the

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system is characterized by including: a power output part, an electric energy drive part, and an integrated control part; wherein:

A. Power output part: Motor 1, speed torque sensor 2, moment of inertia 3, magnetic powder brake 4 are mechanically connected through the coupling 5 in turn;

B. Electric drive part: including supercapacitor pack 6, DC/DC converter 7, storage battery pack (8), motor controller 9, which has the following connection forms:

1) The battery pack 8 is directly connected in parallel with the supercapacitor pack 6, and then connected with the motor controller 9;

2) The supercapacitor pack 6 is connected in series with the DC/DC converter 7, then connected in parallel with the battery pack 8, and then connected with the motor controller 9;

3) The battery pack 8 is connected in series with the DC/DC converter 7, then connected in parallel with the supercapacitor pack 6, and finally connected with the motor controller 9;

4) Dual DC/DC converters: the supercapacitor pack 6 and the storage battery pack 8 are respectively connected in series with a DC/DC converter 7, the latter two are connected in parallel, and finally connected with the motor controller 9;

C. Integrated control part: including speed torque frequency measurement controller 10, tension controller 11, total monitoring system 12, controller LAN CAN bus 13, the connection relationship between it and the power output part and electric energy drive part is as follows: tension control The device 11 is connected to the magnetic powder brake 4, the speed torque sensor 2 is connected to the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10, the motor controller 9 is connected to the motor 1, and finally the total monitoring system 12 is converted to DC/DC through the controller local area network CAN bus 13 The device 7 is connected in parallel with the tension controller 11, the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10 and the motor controller 9 respectively. the

In the power output part, the motor 1, the speed torque sensor 2, the moment of inertia 3, and the magnetic powder brake 4 are connected or disconnected according to different experimental requirements. the

The total monitoring system 12, the tension controller 11, the motor controller 9, and the rotational speed, torque, and frequency measurement controller 10 can use single-chip microcomputers and DSPs; the described DC/DC converter 7 uses a buck-boost circuit. the

The motor 1 has an electromagnetic braking function, and can be used as a motor to provide rotational speed torque, and can also be used as a generator to recover kinetic energy and transmit and store it to the energy drive part. the

In this experimental model: the energy drive part is mainly composed of a storage battery pack 8 and a supercapacitor pack 6. According to the requirements of the experiment, through the control of the DC/DC converter 7 and the total monitoring system 12, the storage battery pack and the supercapacitor pack can be used individually or jointly. Motor 1 provides electrical energy. The motor 1 is used to simulate the output power of the motor on the experimental electric vehicle. After being connected with the speed torque sensor 2, the speed torque of the motor 1 can be measured by the speed torque sensor 2 and sent to the total monitoring system 12 for experimental analysis. Moment of inertia 3 is used to simulate the inertia of the experimental electric vehicle, and the size of the inertia can be modified by increasing or decreasing the corresponding size of the simulated inertia according to the requirements of the experiment. The magnetic powder brake 4 is connected with the moment of inertia 3 for simulating the mechanical braking process of the electric vehicle, and the braking torque of the magnetic powder brake 4 is determined by the tension controller 11 . The total monitoring system 12 is respectively connected to the DC/DC converter 7, the rotational speed torque sensor 2 and the tension controller 11 through the CAN bus 13, and according to the control strategies adopted in different experiments, the DC/DC converter 7, the rotational speed torque sensor 2 Send corresponding instructions to the tension controller 11 to monitor and control each control object, and can control and optimize the efficiency of providing electric energy to the power output part under different connection modes and different control strategies of the energy drive part, and can also experiment and optimize Efficiency of converting kinetic energy to electrical energy under different control strategies during regenerative braking. the

The present invention can obtain following beneficial effect:

(1) It has a regenerative braking function, which can effectively recover part of the energy consumed in the mechanical system during braking, and combine with the motor 1 to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy and store it in the battery pack 8 and super capacitor in the energy drive part In group 6. During the braking process, the distribution of mechanical braking and electromagnetic braking can be tested and analyzed, as well as the efficiency of electric energy storage in the energy drive part. the

(2) The comprehensive experimental device provides electric energy to the motor 1 by the battery pack 8 and the supercapacitor pack 6. According to the experimental requirements, the performance of the battery pack 8 and the supercapacitor pack 6 can be tested separately, or the battery-capacitor hybrid Various connection modes and power distribution control strategies in the battery pack 8 and the supercapacitor pack 6 in the drive system are tested and optimized. the

(3) The experimental device is easy to install and has a compact and simple structure. On this basis, there is still an expansion type, which provides room for enhanced functions and makes the experiment more mature. the

Description of drawings

Figure 1 The first structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;

Fig. 2 The second structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;

Figure 3 is the third schematic diagram of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the fourth structure of the comprehensive experimental device for electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system;

In the figure: 1-motor, 2-speed torque sensor, 3-moment of inertia, 4-magnetic powder brake, 5-coupling, 6-supercapacitor group, 7-DC/DC converter, 8-battery pack, 9-motor controller, 10-speed torque frequency measurement controller, 11-tension controller, 12-general monitoring system, 13-CAN bus. the

Detailed ways:

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

According to the functional classification of the experimental device, the experimental device can be decomposed into three parts:

1. Power output part: as shown in Figure 1, the motor 1, the speed torque sensor 2, the moment of inertia 3, and the magnetic powder brake 4 are mechanically connected through the coaxial coupling 5 in turn, and the motor 1, the speed torque sensor 2, and the magnetic powder brake 4 are all fixed on the platform of the comprehensive experiment system, and the two ends of the moment of inertia 3 are supported by brackets. the

2. The electric drive part can have various structural forms according to the experimental requirements:

(1) The battery pack 8 is directly connected in parallel with the supercapacitor pack 6, and then connected with the motor controller 9, as shown in Figure 1;

(2) The supercapacitor pack 6 is connected in series with the DC/DC converter 7, then connected in parallel with the battery pack 8, and then connected with the motor controller 9, as shown in Figure 2;

(3) The battery pack 8 is connected in series with the DC/DC converter 7, then connected in parallel with the supercapacitor pack 6, and then connected with the motor controller 9, as shown in Figure 3;

(4) Dual DC/DC converters: the supercapacitor pack 6 and the storage battery pack 8 are respectively connected in series with a DC/DC converter 7 , the latter two are connected in parallel, and finally connected with the motor controller 9 , as shown in FIG. 4 . the

3. The connection of the integrated control part and the general connection with the power output part and the electric energy drive part: the tension controller 11 is connected with the magnetic powder brake 4, the speed torque sensor 2 is connected with the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10, and the motor controller 9 is connected with the motor 1 connection, and finally the total monitoring system 12 is respectively connected with the tension controller 11, the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10 and the motor controller 9 through the CAN bus. the

The specific working principle is as follows:

1. Energy drive system experiment:

(1) Battery pack drive system: disconnect the supercapacitor pack 6 from the motor controller 9, connect the battery pack 8 directly to the motor controller 9, and provide energy for the motor 1 alone. This layout scheme can test and analyze the working performance of the battery pack 8 through the control and signal collection of the motor controller 9, the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10, and the tension controller 11 by the general monitoring system 12, and optimize the control strategy . the

(2) Supercapacitor drive system: disconnect the battery pack 8 from the motor controller 9, connect the supercapacitor pack 6 directly to the motor controller 9, and provide energy for the motor 1 alone. This layout scheme can test and analyze the working performance characteristics of the super capacitor group 6 through the control and signal collection of the motor controller 9, the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10, and the tension controller 11 by the total monitoring system 12, and optimize Control Strategy. the

(3) Battery-supercapacitor hybrid drive system: There are four different ways to connect the battery pack 1 and the supercapacitor pack 3 with the motor controller 9 according to the experimental requirements. In the first type, the storage battery pack 8 is directly connected in parallel with the supercapacitor pack 6, and then connected to the motor controller 9; in the second type, the supercapacitor pack 6 is connected in series with the DC/DC converter 7, and then connected in parallel with the storage battery pack 8, Finally, it is connected to the motor controller 9; in the third type, the battery pack 8 is connected in series with the DC/DC converter 7, then connected in parallel with the supercapacitor group 6, and finally connected to the motor controller 9; the fourth type, the supercapacitor group 6 and battery pack 8 are respectively connected in series with a DC/DC converter 7 , the latter two are connected in parallel, and finally connected with a motor controller 9 . All four ways can provide electric energy for the motor 1 . According to different experimental requirements, this kind of layout plan can control and signal collect the motor controller 9, the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10, and the tension controller 11 through the total monitoring system 12, and carry out test analysis on the four connection modes. and optimize the control strategy. the

2. Motor performance experiment:

Disconnect the connection between the speed torque sensor 2 and the moment of inertia 3 to make the motor 1 idle; or disconnect the connection between the magnetic powder brake 4 and the speed torque sensor 2 to make the motor 1 drive the moment of inertia 3 to rotate. This solution can test and analyze the performance of the motor 1 under different energy drive modes through the control and signal collection of the motor controller 9 and the speed, torque, frequency measurement and control instrument 10 by the total monitoring system 12 . the

3. Regenerative braking experiment:

According to different test requirements, the total monitoring system 12 controls the tension controller 11, and the tension controller 11 simulates the mechanical braking effect of the experimental electric vehicle by changing the braking torque of the magnetic powder brake 4. The total monitoring system 12 controls the motor controller 9, Make the working state of the motor 1 change to the generator state. The motor 1 can be connected with different energy drive modes through the motor controller 9, and the kinetic energy of the simulated inertia of the electric vehicle after braking will be converted into electric energy and stored in the energy drive system. This layout plan controls and signals the motor controller 9, the rotational speed, torque and frequency measurement controller 10, and the tension controller 11 through the total monitoring system 12, so that different motors, magnetic powder brakes, and power recovery control strategies can be experimentally analyzed and analyzed. optimization. the

4. Optimization test of the total monitoring system:

According to different experimental requirements, the total monitoring system 12 is connected to the motor controller 9, the speed torque frequency measurement controller 10, and the tension controller 11 by the CAN bus 13 to simulate and control different experimental situations, and the control process of the total monitoring system 12 Experiment and optimize to achieve higher peak power, energy utilization and regenerative braking recovery efficiency. the

Claims (3)

1. A comprehensive experimental device for regenerative braking and energy systems of electric vehicles, characterized in that the device includes: a power output part, an electric energy drive part, and an integrated control part; wherein: A. Power output part: motor (1), speed torque sensor (2), moment of inertia (3), and magnetic powder brake (4) are mechanically connected in turn through the coaxial coupling (5); B. Electric drive part: including supercapacitor pack (6), DC/DC converter (7), storage battery pack (8), motor controller (9), which has the following connection forms: 1) The battery pack (8) is directly connected in parallel with the supercapacitor pack (6), and then connected to the motor controller (9); 2) The supercapacitor pack (6) is connected in series with the DC/DC converter (7), then connected in parallel with the storage battery pack (8), and finally connected with the motor controller (9); 3) The battery pack (8) is connected in series with the DC/DC converter (7), then connected in parallel with the supercapacitor pack (6), and finally connected with the motor controller (9); 4) Dual DC/DC converters: the supercapacitor pack (6) and battery pack (8) are respectively connected in series with a DC/DC converter (7), the latter two are connected in parallel, and finally connected to the motor controller (9) ; C. Integrated control part: including speed torque frequency measurement controller (10), tension controller (11), total monitoring system (12), controller LAN CAN bus (13), which is connected with power output part and electric energy drive Partial connections are as follows: the tension controller (11) is connected to the magnetic powder brake (4), the speed torque sensor (2) is connected to the speed torque frequency measurement controller (10), the motor controller (9) is connected to the motor (1 ), and finally the total monitoring system (12) is connected in parallel with the DC/DC converter (7) through the controller local area network CAN bus (13) and respectively connected with the tension controller (11), the speed torque frequency measurement controller (10) and The motor controller (9) is connected. 2. electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system comprehensive experimental device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in the power output part, coaxially connects motor (1), rotational speed torque sensor (2), moment of inertia ( 3), magnetic powder brake (4). 3. The electric vehicle regenerative braking and energy system comprehensive experimental device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the total monitoring system (12), tension controller (11), motor controller (9), rotating speed The torque frequency measurement controller (10) can adopt single-chip microcomputer, DSP; The described DC/DC converter (7) adopts buck-boost step-down circuit. the

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