CN201945244U - Cooling agent fluid distribution system used in heat exchanger - Google Patents
Cooling agent fluid distribution system used in heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201945244U CN201945244U CN2011200296394U CN201120029639U CN201945244U CN 201945244 U CN201945244 U CN 201945244U CN 2011200296394 U CN2011200296394 U CN 2011200296394U CN 201120029639 U CN201120029639 U CN 201120029639U CN 201945244 U CN201945244 U CN 201945244U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- coolant fluid
- heat exchanger
- inlet pipeline
- fluid
- distributing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
- F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a cooling agent fluid distribution system used in a heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of elements which are mutually arranged in parallel and hydraulically connected; a first series channel for circulating of cooling agent fluid and a second series channel for circulating of fluid to be cooled are arranged in the inner part of each element, and the fluid to be cooled can make heat exchange with the cooling agent fluid through the walls of the elements; the first series channel is provided with a first inlet pipeline and a first outlet pipeline which are used for the cooling agent fluid, and the second series channel is provided with a second inlet pipeline and a second outlet pipeline which are used for the fluid to be cooled; the system comprises at least one flowing adjusting device which is positioned at the upstream of the elements along the first inlet pipeline, and the flowing adjusting device is provided with at least one element capable of at least partially plugging the first inlet pipeline to change the path cross section of the first inlet pipeline. The system can effectively adjust the flowing of the cooling agent fluid entering the heat exchanger in a simple and cost-benefit way, therefore, the whole performance of the heat exchanger is improved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates generally to heat exchanger, and more specifically, the utility model relates to the system that is used for distributing at this heat exchanger coolant fluid.
Background technology
As everyone knows, in heat exchanger, between two kinds of different fluids of temperature, there is exchange heat.Usually, heat exchanger is the open system that does not need the merit exchange, and perhaps in other words, heat exchanger has the mobile and stationary temperature distribution of constant fluid.
In various types of heat exchangers, have heat-exchangers of the plate type, wherein, two kinds of fluids skim over usually metallic plate in the chamber that replaces and isolated each other relative both sides, this metallic plate can be corrugated or flat.In other words, in having this class heat exchanger of plate, two kinds of fluids under different temperatures (wherein a kind of coolant fluid that is commonly called) exchange its heat by one or more surfaces, described surface is made into to have fluctuating usually and is arranged to adjacent one another are, wherein said fluid flow with following current or counter-current flow alternately, and it cycles through liner or provides by welding or brazing between the surface self.
Because its special structure, heat-exchangers of the plate type has very high heat exchange coefficient, and can in the heat exchange applications between the dissimilar fluid (superheated water, hydraulic oil, steam, HFC cooling agent or the like), use, usually at all because the characteristic of fluid or because the low speed of fluid has under the situation of low heat exchange coefficient, heat-exchangers of the plate type needs special the setting with increase heat exchange coefficient self.
One of most common use of heat-exchangers of the plate type is with acting on the cooling agent that makes in the refrigeration system (for example, the HFC) evaporimeter of evaporation.Such refrigeration system generally includes vapour compression machine, condenser, expansion valve and evaporimeter.Enter the coolant fluid of evaporimeter owing to pass expansion valve liquid biphase mixture normally.
The passage that the liquid biphase mixture correctly is assigned to plate is to help to keep one of high performance principal element of heat-exchangers of the plate type.In other words, aspect the maximum evaporation temperature under given cooling capacity, coolant fluid enables to obtain best performance by the uniform distribution of the passage of plate.
Current coolant fluid distribution system in the heat-exchangers of the plate type, especially so-called " brazed plates " formula heat exchanger is based on the partial drop of pressure of the import department of each pipeline that is used for supply coolant fluid self.Obtain this pressure drop by suitable nozzle on the inlet pipeline that is installed in coolant fluid and/or specific device (for example premixer etc.).
Yet, the nowadays known system that is used for distributing coolant fluid, for example those systems shown in U.S. Pat 4 928 494, US5 417 083, US6 915 648 and the US6 926 250, quite complexity and manufacturing cost height at heat exchanger.
The utility model content
Therefore, overall purpose of the present utility model provides a kind of system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid, and it can solve the above-mentioned defective that exists in the prior art with very simple, cost efficient and effective especially mode.
Especially, a purpose of the present utility model provides a kind of system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid, and it can be adjusted in coolant fluid mobile of the passage that enters into the element that is arranged in heat exchanger self in the import effectively.
Another purpose of the present utility model provides a kind of system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid, its can be enough simple and especially cost-efficient machinery and electric parts obtain.
According to the utility model, provide a kind of being used for to distribute the related system of coolant fluid to realize at heat exchanger, described heat exchanger comprises and being juxtaposed to each other and a plurality of elements of connecting of hydraulic pressure each other, the inside of described element is provided with first series of channel of be used to circulate first fluid or coolant fluid and is used to circulate the second series passage of second fluid or fluid to be cooled, described second fluid or fluid to be cooled can be by the wall and the described coolant fluid heat-shifts of described element, described first series of channel is provided with first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid and first outlet conduit that is used for described coolant fluid, described second series passage is provided with second inlet pipeline that is used for described fluid to be cooled and second outlet conduit that is used for described fluid to be cooled, it is characterized in that, described system comprises at least one flow adjustement device that is positioned at described element upstream along described first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid, and described flow adjustement device is provided with at least one can stop up described first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid at least in part to change the long-pending element of its passage sections.
Preferably, described flow adjustement device comprises gate valve, and described gate valve is towards the described first inlet pipeline inboard that is used for described coolant fluid.Preferably, described gate valve can carry out linear movement along radial direction with respect to the bearing of trend of described first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid.
Preferably, control the linear movement of described gate valve by the intervention of piston by electro-motor.
Preferably, control the linear movement of described gate valve by manual actuator.
Preferably, the operative end of described gate valve, just the end that can dam to the coolant fluid that flows through described first inlet pipeline is wedge-type shape.
Preferably, the operative end of described gate valve, the end that can dam to the coolant fluid that flows through described first inlet pipeline just is for wedge-type shape with most advanced and sophisticated wedge-type shape or rounding (rounded) or have the wedge-type shape of circular segment (circular segment) or have the wedge-type shape of other suitable shape.
Preferably, described flow adjustement device comprises dish, described dish is placed in described first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid and is provided with endoporus, and described endoporus suitably is shaped so that the coolant fluid that flows through described first inlet pipeline is dammed and flow adjustment.
Preferably, described dish is arranged to vertical with the bearing of trend of described first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid, and is fixed in described first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid.
Preferably, described dish is arranged to vertical with the bearing of trend of described first inlet pipeline that is used for described coolant fluid, and can be rotated motion in being used for described first inlet pipeline of described coolant fluid.
Preferably, described dish circumference is provided with tooth, and described tooth can mesh with the corresponding tooth on being arranged on gear, and described gear perhaps is provided with rotation by manual actuator by the intervention of electro-motor by rotating shaft.
Preferably, described dish is provided with and suitably is shaped to be used for partly stopping up the inwall in described hole.
Preferably, described inwall is provided with the end with rounding shape.
Preferably, described inwall is provided with the end with even shape.
Utilize the system that is used for distributing coolant fluid of the present utility model at heat exchanger, the flowing of coolant fluid of the passage that enters into the element that is arranged in heat exchanger self in the import can be adjusted in very simple, cost efficient and effective especially mode effectively, thereby the overall performance of heat exchanger can be improved.
Description of drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings, from following and the nonrestrictive explanation, in board-like (or similar) heat exchanger, be used to distribute the characteristics and the advantage of the system of coolant fluid will become apparent according to of the present utility model as example, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the perspective schematic view of heat-exchangers of the plate type, is used to distribute the system of coolant fluid can be applied to this heat-exchangers of the plate type according to of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that coolant fluid flows in heat-exchangers of the plate type shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to first embodiment of the system that is used to distribute coolant fluid of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is the partial side view of system that is used to distribute coolant fluid of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the partial front elevation view of system that is used to distribute coolant fluid of Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram according to second embodiment of the system that is used to distribute coolant fluid of the present utility model;
Fig. 7 is the partial front elevation view of system that is used to distribute coolant fluid of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 show Fig. 6 be used to distribute coolant fluid system parts first the structure;
Fig. 9 show Fig. 6 be used to distribute coolant fluid system parts second the structure.
The specific embodiment
Specifically with reference to figure 1, show heat-exchangers of the plate type, it is represented with Reference numeral 10 on the whole.Heat exchanger 10 or heat exchanger comprise and being juxtaposed to each other and a plurality of elements or the plate 12 that connect of hydraulic pressure each other.
These two series of channel of two kinds of fluids that are used to be in different temperatures are independently of one another, and described fluid can carry out counter-current flow or following current is flowed.More accurately, first series of channel is provided with first inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid and first outlet conduit 16 that is used for this coolant fluid.Similarly, the second series passage is provided with second inlet pipeline 18 that is used for fluid to be cooled and second outlet conduit 20 that is used for this fluid to be cooled.
Along the inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid, can have one or more expansion valve (not shown) or other can reduce to enter the coolant fluid of heat exchanger 10 in import the device of pressure in the upstream of plate 12.According to the utility model, along the inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid, in the upstream of plate 12 with can reduce in import, to enter the downstream of said apparatus of pressure of the coolant fluid of heat exchanger 10, also have at least one flow adjustement device 22, this flow adjustement device 22 is provided with at least one can stop up the described inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid at least in part to change the long-pending element of its passage sections according to reservation shape.
Based on first embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, flow adjustement device 22 comprises gate valve 24, and this gate valve 24 is towards inlet pipeline 14 inboards that are used for coolant fluid.Gate valve 24 can carry out linear movement along radial direction with respect to the bearing of trend of the inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid.Can pass through manual actuator, perhaps, control the linear movement of gate valve 24 by being preferably of the intervention of DYN dynamic motor 26 by piston 28.As shown in Figure 5, the operative end 30 of gate valve 24, the end that can dam to coolant fluid just through relevant inlet pipeline 14, it is preferably wedge-type shape, although can be to have wedge-type shape tip or rounding or that have circular segment or have other suitable shape.
Based on second embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, on the other hand, flow adjustement device 22 comprises the dish 32 of perforation, and the dish 32 of this perforation is placed in the inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid, and is arranged to vertical with the bearing of trend of inlet pipeline 14 self.The dish 32 of perforation has endoporus 34, and this endoporus 34 suitably is shaped allow regulating through the flowing of the coolant fluid of relevant inlet pipeline 14, and the dish 32 of this perforation is provided with the suitably inwall 46 of shaping, and this inwall 46 can partly stop up this endoporus 34.As shown in Figure 8, inwall 46 can be provided with the end with rounding shape.On the other hand, Fig. 9 shows the inwall 46 that has for the end of even shape.
The dish 32 of perforation can be in relevant inwall 46 appropriate orientation, for example by welding or be formed directly into the coolant fluid supply pipe in heat exchanger 10 and the connecting portion that is used between this inlet pipeline 14 of coolant fluid self, be arranged in the inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid with fixed form.Alternatively, the dish 32 of perforation can be rotated motion in the inlet pipeline 14 that is used for coolant fluid.Basically, in this case, the end of inwall 46 is set up rotation so that the coolant fluid that flows through relevant inlet pipeline 14 is dammed and flow adjustment.
When adopting movable manner to constitute, dish 32 circumference of perforation are provided with tooth 36, described tooth 36 can mesh with the corresponding tooth 38 on being arranged on gear 40, and gear 40 is provided with rotation by being preferably DYN dynamic motor 42 by the intervention of rotating shaft 44, perhaps by manual actuator rotation is set.
Thereby, resemble according to flow adjustement device 22 cost efficients and the manufacturing of the such heat exchanger 10 of the utility model simple.The experimental test that the applicant implements is verified, when such flow adjustement device 22 during for static types and when according to this flow adjustement device 22 of specific embodiment by rotation or translation during by appropriate actuation, this flow adjustement device 22 is at the overall performance that can improve heat exchanger 10 when the inlet pipeline 14 of coolant fluid is arranged.
Thereby can see, according to the purpose of distributing the system of coolant fluid to emphasize before having realized of being used for of the present utility model at heat exchanger.
Like this design distribute the system of coolant fluid can under any circumstance carry out multiple modification and distortion at heat exchanger according to of the present utility model being used for, these modifications are all covered by identical utility model principle with distortion; In addition, can replace all details with the technical element that is equal to.In practice, according to Technology Need, employed material and shape and size can be arbitrarily.
Claims (14)
1. system that is used for distributing coolant fluid at heat exchanger (10), described heat exchanger comprises and being juxtaposed to each other and a plurality of elements (12) of connecting of hydraulic pressure each other, the inside of described element (12) is provided with first series of channel of be used to circulate first fluid or coolant fluid and is used to circulate the second series passage of second fluid or fluid to be cooled, described second fluid or fluid to be cooled can be by the wall and the described coolant fluid heat-shifts of described element (12), described first series of channel is provided with first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid and first outlet conduit (16) that is used for described coolant fluid, described second series passage is provided with second inlet pipeline (18) that is used for described fluid to be cooled and second outlet conduit (20) that is used for described fluid to be cooled, it is characterized in that, described system comprises at least one flow adjustement device (22) that is positioned at described element (12) upstream along described first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid, and described flow adjustement device is provided with at least one can stop up described first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid at least in part to change the long-pending element (24 of its passage sections; 32).
2. the system that is used for distributing coolant fluid according to claim 1 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described flow adjustement device (22) comprises gate valve (24), and described gate valve (24) is towards described first inlet pipeline (14) inboard that is used for described coolant fluid.
3. the system that is used for distributing coolant fluid according to claim 2 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that described gate valve (24) can carry out linear movement along radial direction with respect to the bearing of trend of described first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid.
4. the system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid according to claim 3 is characterized in that, controls the linear movement of described gate valve (24) by the intervention of piston (28) by electro-motor (26).
5. the system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid according to claim 3 is characterized in that, controls the linear movement of described gate valve (24) by manual actuator.
6. according to each described system that is used for distributing coolant fluid in the claim 2 to 5 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, the operative end (30) of described gate valve (24), just the end that can dam to the coolant fluid that flows through described first inlet pipeline (14) is wedge-type shape.
7. according to each described system that is used for distributing coolant fluid in the claim 2 to 5 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, the operative end (30) of described gate valve (24), the end that can dam to the coolant fluid that flows through described first inlet pipeline (14) just is for wedge-type shape with most advanced and sophisticated wedge-type shape or rounding or have the wedge-type shape of circular segment or have the wedge-type shape of other suitable shape.
8. the system that is used for distributing coolant fluid according to claim 1 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described flow adjustement device (22) comprises dish (32), described dish is placed in described first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid and is provided with endoporus (34), and described endoporus suitably is shaped so that the coolant fluid that flows through described first inlet pipeline (14) is dammed and flow adjustment.
9. the system that is used for distributing coolant fluid according to claim 8 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described dish (32) is arranged to vertical with the bearing of trend of described first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid, and is fixed in described first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid.
10. the system that is used for distributing coolant fluid according to claim 8 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described dish (32) is arranged to vertical with the bearing of trend of described first inlet pipeline (14) that is used for described coolant fluid, and can be rotated motion in being used for described first inlet pipeline (14) of described coolant fluid.
11. the system that is used for distributing coolant fluid according to claim 10 at heat exchanger, it is characterized in that, described dish (32) circumference is provided with tooth (36), described tooth (36) can mesh with the corresponding tooth (38) on being arranged on gear (40), and described gear perhaps is provided with rotation by manual actuator by the intervention of electro-motor (42) by rotating shaft (44).
12. each described system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid in 11 is characterized in that described dish (32) is provided with the inwall (46) that suitably is shaped to be used for partly stopping up described endoporus (34) according to Claim 8.
13. the system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid according to claim 12 is characterized in that described inwall (46) is provided with the end with rounding shape.
14. the system that is used for distributing at heat exchanger coolant fluid according to claim 12 is characterized in that described inwall (46) is provided with the end with even shape.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2010A000117A IT1397911B1 (en) | 2010-01-28 | 2010-01-28 | REFRIGERANT FLUID DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN A THERMAL EXCHANGE DEVICE |
| ITMI2010A000117 | 2010-01-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201945244U true CN201945244U (en) | 2011-08-24 |
Family
ID=42983323
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011200296394U Expired - Lifetime CN201945244U (en) | 2010-01-28 | 2011-01-28 | Cooling agent fluid distribution system used in heat exchanger |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201945244U (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1397911B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011092587A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108006862A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-08 | 南京师范大学 | Telescopic variable micro channel heat exchanger for computer room heat dissipation |
| CN114144628A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-03-04 | 德累斯顿工业技术大学 | Heat exchanger and cooling method |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3871444A (en) * | 1971-08-02 | 1975-03-18 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Water quality analysis system with multicircuit single shell heat exchanger |
| DE3511037A1 (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1986-10-09 | Voith Turbo Gmbh & Co Kg, 7180 Crailsheim | Heat exchanger |
| US4928494A (en) | 1988-12-20 | 1990-05-29 | American Standard Inc. | Incremental electrically actuated valve |
| US5417083A (en) | 1993-09-24 | 1995-05-23 | American Standard Inc. | In-line incremetally adjustable electronic expansion valve |
| JPH09152297A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Plate type heat exchanger |
| FR2790073B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2001-06-08 | Mer Joseph Marie Le | PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER, WITH INTEGRATED VALVE |
| US6915648B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2005-07-12 | Xdx Inc. | Vapor compression systems, expansion devices, flow-regulating members, and vehicles, and methods for using vapor compression systems |
| EP1406036B1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2008-01-16 | Nidec Sankyo Corporation | Valve drive device |
| DE102005031026B3 (en) * | 2005-07-02 | 2007-04-12 | Danfoss A/S | heat exchangers |
| DE102006033585A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-05-24 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heat exchanger valve system for regulating e.g. exhaust gas flow, has housing with bypass outlet, through which large fluid flows are passed to heat exchanger based on position of valve gate, which is movable back and forth in housing |
| DE102007010393B4 (en) * | 2007-03-03 | 2011-07-14 | Modine Manufacturing Co., Wis. | Heat exchanger |
-
2010
- 2010-01-28 IT ITMI2010A000117A patent/IT1397911B1/en active
-
2011
- 2011-01-27 WO PCT/IB2011/000141 patent/WO2011092587A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-01-28 CN CN2011200296394U patent/CN201945244U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108006862A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-08 | 南京师范大学 | Telescopic variable micro channel heat exchanger for computer room heat dissipation |
| CN114144628A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-03-04 | 德累斯顿工业技术大学 | Heat exchanger and cooling method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1397911B1 (en) | 2013-02-04 |
| WO2011092587A8 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| WO2011092587A3 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
| WO2011092587A2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
| ITMI20100117A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20110824 |