CN201765512U - An automatic-manual combination device for tracking the sun - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for tracing the sun through automatic-manual combination, comprising a mechanical tracing assembly, a stepping motor, a controller used for controlling the stepping motor to rotate and a power supply, wherein the mechanical tracing assembly comprises a rotary shaft support shaft, a manual connecting rod and a frame supported and installed on the rotary shaft support shaft and used for supporting synchronous rotation of the rotary shaft support shaft, the manual connecting rod can be arranged on the rotary shaft support shaft in a sliding way along the length direction thereof, and the frame is provided with an elevation regulation shaft which is in linkage matching with the head end of the manual connecting rod at the position relative to the support point of the rotary shaft support shaft. The utility model has the advantages of setting pulses and frequencies of a single chip microcomputer according to the direction and the geographic position of the sun rising in the morning and falling in the evening to drive the stepping motor and regulating the manual connecting rod to align a flat-plate sunlight/heat collection converter with the sun. Proved by calculation and an experiment, the device has the advantages of low cost, relatively simple technology, higher reliability and enhanced efficiency by above 30 percent compared with a fixed flat-plate sunlight/heat collection converter.

Description

An automatic-manual combination device for tracking the sun

technical field

The utility model relates to sunlight tracking and utilization technology, in particular to an automatic-manual combination tracking and aligning device for solar energy utilization systems such as photovoltaic modules, solar water heaters, solar cookers, solar light collectors, and solar observation equipment. . the

Background technique

Nowadays, due to the gradual depletion of fossil fuels and the large amount of carbon dioxide emissions, the use of clean and renewable energy has been paid more and more attention. Research shows that Flat Plate Solar Light and Thermal Collection-Conversion System (FPSLTCCS) is considered to be a promising green renewable energy system, which can be widely used in people's life and production. In fact, the light energy output from the flat panel solar/heat harvesting conversion system (FPSLTCS) depends on the received solar radiation. As the Earth orbits the Sun, the FPSLTCCS must adjust its attitude to ensure it is always aligned with the Sun in order to output as much light/energy as possible. It is known that the sun rotates at an hour angle of 15° in the east-west direction, which means that the azimuth of the sun in this direction changes significantly. Continuous tracking in this direction is necessary in order for the FPSLTCCS to capture as much sunlight/energy as possible. However, the sun moves between the Tropic of Cancer at an angle of less than 16′ every day, which indicates that the daily azimuth of the sun in the south-north direction does not change significantly, and the continuous tracking of the FPSLTCCS in the south-north direction is not conducive to improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy. obvious. Based on the differences in the east-west and south-north directions of sun tracking mentioned above, the structure of the existing sun azimuth dual-axis tracking device is very complicated, the technology is difficult, and the equipment cost is high, but the benefit of tracking the sun is not obvious, and the reliability is not good. high. the

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide an automatic-manual combined sun tracking device with low cost, high reliability, and obvious improvement in sunlight/heat utilization efficiency. the

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is to include a mechanical tracking assembly, a stepping motor, a controller for controlling the rotation of the stepping motor, and a power supply. The mechanical tracking assembly includes a vertical support rotary shaft, a manual link and a frame mounted on the support rotary shaft and rotates synchronously with the support rotary shaft, and the manual link is slidably arranged along its length On the support rotation shaft, the frame is provided with an elevation angle adjustment shaft linked with the head end of the manual link on the apex relative to the support rotation shaft. Through this setting, the rotation shaft supports the installation of the flat solar/ Framework for artifacts such as heat collection conversion systems (FPSLTCS). The stepper motor is driven by the controller, and the azimuth angle of the workpiece on the frame relative to the sun is changed by the rotation of the stepper motor with the rotation of the vertical support rotation shaft. The manual link is used to manually adjust the pitch angle of the workpiece on the frame relative to the sun. In the utility model, the azimuth-elevation tracking mechanism is adopted, because the design of the FPSLTCCS support frame is relatively easy, and the support frame can bear the weight of the support frame on the plane vertical to the support shaft. Single-axis east-west tracking is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer to drive the stepper motor to drive the FPSLTCCS to align with the sun; while south-north tracking can be achieved by manually adjusting the pitch angle of the FPSLTCCS relative to the sun for a relatively long period of time. rather than running continuously to track the sun. the

It is further provided that the controller includes a single-chip microcomputer and a control signal circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, the control signal output end of the circuit is connected with a strong and weak current isolation amplifier circuit, and the strong/weak current isolation amplifier circuit passes through the power amplifier circuit. Matching connection with the stepper motor. the

It is further provided that the controller also includes an interface circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and the interface circuit is connected with an input keyboard and a display digital tube. the

The further setting is an automatic switch circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit connected with the single-chip microcomputer and the stepping motor. the

A further setting is that the manual connecting rod is provided with a ruler. the

A further arrangement is that the stepping motor is coordinated with the vertical support rotating shaft through the gearbox. the

The utility model has the advantages that the pulse and frequency of the single-chip microcomputer can be set according to the azimuth and geographical position of the sun rising early and setting late, and the manual connecting rod can be adjusted to drive the FPSLTCCS to align with the sun. Calculations and experiments show that the cost of the device is low, and the efficiency of the fixed FPSLTCCS is increased by more than 30%. the

The utility model will be further introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the description. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 structural representation of the utility model;

The elevation angle adjustment schematic diagram of Fig. 2 framework of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 schematic block diagram of the circuit system of the utility model;

Fig. 4 input keyboard and display nixie tube circuit diagram of the utility model;

Fig. 5 schematic diagram of single-chip microcomputer, photoelectric signal processing, weak and strong electric isolation/amplification, and motor drive circuit of the utility model;

Detailed ways

In this utility model, the azimuth-pitch angle tracking mechanism is adopted, because the design of the FPSLTCCS support frame is relatively easy, and it can bear the weight of the support frame on the plane vertical to the support shaft. The specific embodiment of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with accompanying drawing 15 below. the

The utility model shown in Fig. 1--5 comprises mechanical tracking assembly 1, stepper motor 2, controller and power supply for controlling the rotation of stepper motor. The mechanical tracking assembly 1 includes a supporting rotating shaft 11, a manual connecting rod 12, and a frame 13 that is mounted on the supporting rotating shaft 11 and rotates synchronously with the shaft 11. The manual connecting rod 12 is along its length direction Slidably arranged on the supporting rotating shaft 11, the frame 13 is provided with an elevation angle adjustment shaft 131 linked with the upper end of the manual link 12 at the apex position relative to the supporting rotating shaft 11, the frame 13 can be welded or Screws are fixed on the overcoat of the elevation angle adjustment shaft 131, as shown in Figure 1. The manual connecting rod 12 described in this embodiment is provided with a scale, and the supporting rotating shaft 11 of the utility model supports a frame 13 for installing workpieces such as FPSLTCCS. The stepping motor 2 is coordinated with the supporting rotating shaft 11 through a gearbox. The stepper motor 2 is driven by the controller, and the rotation of the stepper motor 2 with the rotation of the vertical support rotation shaft 11 changes the elevation angle of the workpiece on the frame 13 relative to the sun. The manual link 12 is used to manually adjust the elevation angle (θ) of the workpiece on the frame relative to the sun, as shown in Figure 2 . The midpoint 131 of the elevation angle adjustment shaft is connected with the top of the supporting rotating shaft through a screw, and can rotate around the apex of the shaft, but cannot slip; one end of the elevation adjustment shaft 131 is linked with the upper end of the manual connecting rod 12 through a screw, This manual connecting rod 12 obliquely passes the aperture of supporting rotating shaft 11, can be fixed on the supporting shaft by bolt. By manually sliding the manual link 12, θ can be adjusted. All places can calculate the corresponding θ value according to the specific geographical location, the solar azimuth in different seasons in a year, the adjustment axis of elevation angle and the size of the connecting rod, and mark it on the manual connecting rod 12, which is called the scale connecting rod. Manually changing the relative position of the scale connecting rod and the support rotation axis within a certain period of time in different seasons is equivalent to adjusting the pitch angle (θ). This makes it possible to align the FPSLTCCS to the sun over a relatively long period of time by manually adjusting the pitch angle of the FPSLTCCS in the south-north direction, rather than continuously tracking. The single-axis tracking of the azimuth angle in the east-west direction is driven by a single-chip microcomputer to control the operation of the stepping motor to drive the FPSLTCCS to align with the sun. the

In addition, the controller system described in this embodiment (as shown in FIG. 3 ) includes a single-chip microcomputer and a control signal circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The control signal output end of the control signal circuit is connected with a strong/weak current isolation amplifier circuit. The strong/weak current isolation amplifying circuit is matched and connected with the stepping motor through the power amplifying circuit. The single-chip microcomputer described in this embodiment can adopt such as AT89C2051, AT89C5 and other types of single-chip microcomputers as required. the

During the operation of FPSLTCCS, it is required that its lighting surface is always perpendicular to the sun's rays, and the deviation of the incident angle does not exceed 5°, so it is necessary to track the sun in real time. The utility model adopts the azimuth-elevation tracking mechanism, the FPSLTCCS is fixed on the frame plane, and the horizontal rotation is equivalent to changing the azimuth axis of the collection converter, which is driven by a stepping motor and rotates around the support axis perpendicular to the local horizontal plane for To track the azimuth of the sun, the control process is: SCM pulse → stepping motor → reducer → support shaft rotation. For example, assuming that the transmission ratio of the reducer is 1:120, when the stepper motor rotates 120°, the pillar shaft rotates 1°, and the sunlight/heat collection converter rotates 1° accordingly. Calculated by the step angle of 0.36° of the stepping motor, when the FPSLTCCS plate frame rotates 1°, the single-chip microcomputer controlling the stepping motor sends out 120/0.36 pulses. From this, it can be calculated that the number of pulses sent by the single-chip microcomputer when the azimuth angle of the FPSLTCCS flat frame changes to α is 120α/0.36. the

Choice of stepper motors. According to the parameters such as the weight of the FPSLTCCS flat frame, the equivalent moment of inertia and load torque can be calculated, and the maximum static torque of the stepper motor can be obtained. In order to make the stepper motor obtain good starting ability and fast response speed, the moment of inertia and torque matching conditions are: J _el /J _m ≤ 4, T _el /T _max ≤ 0.5, where J _el is the load rotation Inertia, the unit is kg·m ² , J _m is the moment of inertia of the stepping motor itself, T _el is the load equivalent torque, the unit is N·m, T _max is the maximum static torque of the stepping motor.

Because the utility model includes two parts of weak electricity and strong electricity, two kinds of power supply voltages are needed. An integrated voltage regulator (such as CW7805, etc.) and a three-terminal adjustable integrated voltage regulator (such as LM317, etc.) with variable output voltage can be used to provide +5V and 1.25-37V power supplies respectively. The two power supplies do not share the same ground, of which +5V supplies power to the microcontroller, and the other 1.25-37V supplies power to the stepper motor. The utility model also can directly use storage battery to supply power. The utility model adopts a strong/weak current isolation scheme, instead of directly transmitting the control signal generated by the single-chip microcomputer to the stepping motor, because the high power and high level of the stepping motor will seriously interfere with the single-chip microcomputer. In practical application, electronic switch method or photoelectric isolation method is generally used for strong/weak current isolation. Since the stepping motor requires a large power, it is usually necessary to use a power amplifier to provide the power required for the stepping motor to work, and to convert the weak electric signal sent by the isolator into a strong electric signal. Integrated power amplifiers can also be used. Discrete components. The utility model can adopt photocouplers (such as TPL521-1, etc.) and power tubes (such as TIP122, NPN power Darlington transistors, IC～5A/VCEO≥100V) with low cost, simple circuit and high reliability, etc.) To realize the two functions of isolation and amplification respectively. The needs of the design for isolation and amplification can be fully met by selecting a coupler and a power tube with appropriate technical parameters. the

In addition, the controller described in this embodiment also includes an interface circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and the interface circuit is connected with an input keyboard and a display digital tube. The utility model of this embodiment adopts a programmable keyboard/display interface chip (such as 8279, etc.), while completing the keyboard input and LED digital display of the single-chip system, it can also use its remaining resources to expand the interrupt source interface of the system, as shown in Figure 4 . Use the digital tube to display the input parameters, and display the remaining torque when working. Two 7407 chips can be used as the driving circuit of the 4-digit digital tube. the

The circuit principle of the stepper motor driver is shown in Figure 5. The utility model adopts a DC solid-state relay (dc SSR, such as JGXEL, etc.) with low cost, simple circuit and high reliability to simultaneously realize the two functions of isolation and amplification. By comparing the main technical parameters, it can be found that the DC solid state relay can fully meet the needs of isolation and amplification. After strong/weak current isolation amplification and coupling, the power tube (such as TIP122, etc.) amplifies the power of the pulse signal to drive the windings of each phase of the stepping motor (L4, etc.). Make the stepper motor perform actions such as forward rotation, reverse rotation, acceleration, deceleration and stop according to different pulse signals. The crystal oscillator with a frequency of 22MHz is selected for the single-chip microcomputer. The purpose of choosing a higher crystal oscillator frequency is to reduce the impact of the single-chip microcomputer on the pulse signal period of the upper computer. the

In addition, the controller described in this embodiment also includes an automatic switch circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit connected with the single-chip microcomputer and the stepping motor. The automatic switch machine circuit includes three parts: clock-controlled start-up, limit and quick return. Fix two limit switches on the transmission gear to control the limit position points in the east and west directions respectively (according to the actual situation in different regions, adjust the position of the limit position points regularly (in January or one quarter). When the sun rises to a certain altitude angle (generally 5°) in the morning, the clock control circuit starts spontaneously and sends a start signal, the power supply of the circuit is connected, and the device starts tracking. In the afternoon, when the sun falls to a certain height angle (generally 5°), the baffle on the gear touches the limit switch in the west direction and sends a quick return signal. When the square array board quickly returns to the limit point in the east direction, the gear The baffle on the top touches the switch, sends a stop signal, cuts off the timing and power supply, and the device stops tracking. Until the next morning, the clock control circuit sends out a power-on signal again to restart the control process for a new day. the

The FPSLTCCS applicable to the utility model includes photovoltaic components, solar water heaters, solar cookers, solar light collectors, solar observation equipment, etc. in most occasions where the tracking and alignment of the sun is carried out, and single-chip microcomputers can be set up in various places according to the orientation and geographical location of the sun rising early and setting late The pulse and frequency drive the stepper motor, and adjust the connecting rod to align the FPSLTCCS with the sun. Calculations and experiments show that the device is low in cost, relatively simple in technology, more than 30% more efficient than fixed FPSLTCCS, and has higher reliability than traditional dual-axis automatic tracking systems. the

Claims (6)

1. An automatic-manual combined device for tracking the sun, characterized in that: it comprises a mechanical tracking assembly, a stepping motor, a controller and a power supply that drive the stepping motor to run, and the mechanical tracking assembly includes a supporting rotating shaft, The manual connecting rod and the support are installed on the vertical supporting rotating shaft and rotate synchronously with the supporting rotating shaft. The manual connecting rod is slidably arranged on the supporting rotating shaft along its length direction. The described frame is opposite An elevation angle adjustment shaft cooperating with the head end of the manual link is arranged at the position of the supporting point supporting the rotating shaft. 2. A kind of automatic-manual combined sun tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: said controller includes a single-chip microcomputer and a control signal circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and its output end is connected with strong/ Weak current isolation amplifying circuit, the strong/weak current isolating amplifying circuit is matched and connected with the stepping motor through the power amplifying circuit, drives the stepping motor to rotate with the mechanical tracking assembly, and tracks the sun. 3. The described a kind of automatic-manual combined sun tracking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the controller also includes an interface circuit connected to the single-chip microcomputer, and the interface circuit is connected with an input keyboard And display digital tube. 4. An automatic-manual combined sun tracking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: said controller also includes an automatic switch circuit and an overcurrent protection circuit connected with a single-chip microcomputer and a stepping motor. 5. The automatic-manual combined sun tracking device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: the manual connecting rod is provided with a scale. 6. An automatic-manual combined sun tracking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: said stepper motor cooperates with the vertical support rotating shaft through a gearbox.

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