CN201758590U - Greening curtain wall - Google Patents
Greening curtain wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN201758590U CN201758590U CN2010202942103U CN201020294210U CN201758590U CN 201758590 U CN201758590 U CN 201758590U CN 2010202942103 U CN2010202942103 U CN 2010202942103U CN 201020294210 U CN201020294210 U CN 201020294210U CN 201758590 U CN201758590 U CN 201758590U
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- curtain wall
- hydrophilic group
- plant
- hydrophilic
- greening
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Abstract
A greening curtain wall comprises a fixing member used for connecting a building, a hydrophilic group used for providing water needed for the growth of plants, and a nutrition group used for providing water and nutrient needed for maintaining the growth, cultivating and breeding the plants; the hydrophilic group is a porous body loose member; the average pore size of the porous body loose member is 0.5-3mm; the back surface of the hydrophilic group is fixedly connected with the fixing member; the front surface of the hydrophilic group is provided with a plant embedding groove; and the nutrition group is arranged at the bottom of the plant embedding groove. For the greening curtain wall, the cost is reduced, the strength of the building is effectively prevented from being influenced, and the maintenance is easy.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to environmental protection field, decoration fields such as environmental greening, indoor greening, is particularly useful for cement works, urban afforestation, reconciles the environment microclimate, beautifies the environment, and the greening and environmental protection of minimizing carbon dioxide content etc. relates to a kind of greening curtain wall.
Background technology
Because worldwide large-scale excessively commercial development makes earth natural environment sharply worsen, human living environment is suffering destructive destruction, thereby has strengthened the human existence cost in recent years.Particularly the space of reinforced concrete structure is extended and is forced hot driving aggravation etc. to make and greenly sharply reduced by relative area, thereby has lost the function of natural conciliation weather gradually, makes existent environment of people be absorbed among the vicious circle gradually.
In order to improve this natural vicious circle, there has been a lot of people making great efforts to improve this variation.For example the spy of Japan Patent opens the 2002-58335 communique, and notification number is the Chinese invention patent application of CN1522562A, all is intended to clearly the improvement to this natural environment.
But, at present disclosed mostly be to be absorbed in the propagation method of afforesting thing and scheme such as water system is provided in about the enhancement of environment patent.So not only strengthened the cost of afforestation project, intensity, the influence that also can influence building are attractive in appearance.
Existing plant landscape substrate is generally with nutrition bases such as the fixed rotten soil of net and realizes afforestation effect.But this way can't solve because rainwater, spontaneous corrosion and the large tracts of land of plant the problem that comes off on the greening sheet base on the vertical plane that causes.In order to guarantee that round-the-clock greening must provide the Timing water supply system, has improved carrying cost.
The utility model content
For the cost height that overcomes existing plant landscape substrate, influence building intensity, the Timing water supply system need be provided, deficiency that maintenance cost is high, the utility model provides a kind of and reduces cost, effectively avoids influencing the intensity of building, the greening curtain wall that is easy to safeguard.
The technical scheme that its technical problem that solves the utility model adopts is:
A kind of greening curtain wall, comprise in order to the fixed component that is connected with building, in order to hydrophilic group that the needed moisture of plant growing is provided with in order to the nutrition base of keeping plant growing, cultivation, the needed moisture of breeding and nutrient to be provided, described hydrophilic group is the loose member of porous body, the average pore size of the loose member of porous body is 0.5～3mm, fixedly connected with fixed component in the back side of described hydrophilic group, the front of described hydrophilic group is provided with the plant embedded groove, and described nutrition base is positioned at the bottom of described plant embedded groove.
As preferred a kind of scheme: the angle of described plant embedded groove and vertical plane is 2～10 degree.
Further, the angle of described plant embedded groove and vertical plane is 3～6 degree.
Described hydrophilic group comprises at least two hydrophilic substrates, adjacent in twos hydrophilic substrate is fixedly connected, fixedly connected with fixed component by the hydrophilic substrate of a side, lean on most the hydrophilic substrate of opposite side to be provided with the plant embedded groove, along leaning on most opposite side to leaning on most a side direction, the average pore size of each hydrophilic substrate diminishes gradually.
Described hydrophilic group comprises two hydrophilic substrates, and a hydrophilic substrate is fixedlyed connected with fixed component, and another hydrophilic substrate is provided with the plant embedded groove, and the average pore size of described another hydrophilic substrate is bigger than the average pore size of a hydrophilic substrate.
The front of described hydrophilic group is provided with pattern elements.
The periphery of described pattern elements is the plant embedded groove.
The back side of described hydrophilic group is provided with lug boss, and described lug boss is fixedlyed connected with described fixed component.
Described fixed component is top and positive open four sides enclosed construction.
Being shaped as of described plant embedded groove is one of following: (1), rectangle; (2), square; (3), triangle; (4), polygon; (5), circle; (6), semicircle; (7), half polygon; (8), ellipse.
Technical conceive of the present utility model is: in order to increase the consolidation of root system of plant and attachment, the loose member that porous matter is set in fixed component is that hydrophilic group makes root system of plant can penetrate the inside of hydrophilic group naturally, comes off easily and afforests the defective that the sheet base can't store moisture thereby solved plant.The manufacture method of described porous member is just like ceramic foam agent mixing burn-back method, accelerated freeze-drying method, air blast, ultrasonic vibration method etc.But because the material that uses does not possess the loose characteristic of hole matter, event does not have storage moisture and pervious function substantially.And the utility model is owing to having used the shell powder that has the above hole matter of 5 μ m as basic material, so have storage moisture and slow infiltration function.This hydrophilic group plant can not need between the growth stage continuous water supply moisture and the part nutrient of plant just can be provided, guaranteed that plant is round-the-clock to grow.
And the at present disclosed utility model of doing the porous member of base material with shell can't store moisture or the improper growth and development of plant that is not suitable for of voidage because of the interconnection in hole.
Basic building block of the present utility model provides the hydrophilic group of moisture and is used to decorate fixing fixed structure and form by for short strain drought-enduring plant group provides the nutrition of keeping growth base.
The gross weight occupation rate of short strain plant of the present utility model and nutrition base is between 20-50%.If shortage in weight 20% then can cause that plant is difficult to cultivate and the alternate breeding, surpassing 50% can peel off and fall because of the mistake preponderance produces, and influences intensity, attractive in appearance, and can produce hidden danger.
The SG water-loss reducer that described water-loss reducer has used the U.S. to produce.And general common product SPA water-loss reducer is not suitable for doing the plant growing water conservation because not satisfying the root system hair tonic of plant.
Described water-loss reducer SG can absorb the 100-150 moisture doubly of deadweight, has the lasting water conservation effect in 2～3 years, and can resolve into materials such as carbonic acid gas and water gradually under the effect of ultraviolet ray, microorganism etc.; Calcium ion in carbonic acid gas and the shell can form calcium carbonate again, thus increased hydrophilic group degree of condensing and with the constant intensity of plant community.
Described nutrition base can fade away under effects such as plant absorbing, rain-out, weathering, described nutrition base disappears substantially during plant thick-layer to be formed group, thereby the plant structure thing of implantation itself has been cemented in securely and forms the semipermanent plant community on the hydrophilic group.
Moreover, for the cultivation cycle of quickening plant also can suitably be added the special dietary agent.
Described nutrition base can be by high-pressure injection, and methods such as vibration place on the hydrophilic group.
Utilizing discarded shell to carry out sintering is processed into basic thing, blowing agent, binding agent, the additive of setting granularity and mixes the manufacture craft with loose hole matter structure that realizes by sintering in the ratio of setting.Described hydrophilic group is to have the loose member of the porous body that stores the gentle slow permeability moisture of moisture function, has light weight, the characteristics of enough intensity, and target density is at 0.3kg/cm
3Below for well; Average pore size is no more than 3mm.
Described hydrophilic group has slow infiltration effect because having used the natural shell with micro hole.
Described foaming adhesive can adopt raw materials such as polyurethane foams (as HFC-245fa), bentonite, paraffin, many vinyl chloride resins or SiC.
Characteristics such as fixed structure has can directly be fixed on the greening main body and be easy to produce to be cultivated, and installs, and preserves, and is easy to transportation, with low cost.
Short strain plant is implanted the round-the-clock plant propagation of realization on the porous matter hydrophilic group with water storage function, beautify and greening environment.The utility model has been because utilized discarded shell to make hydrophilic group, thus promptly can alleviate the waste disposal burden, can utilize again by waste material again, and can not produce secondary pollution, and turn waste into wealth, have environmental protection characteristic.
This greening curtain wall is the light weight that is made of loose porous matter hydrophilic group and short strain plant, safety, the greening substrate of holding time long; This greening curtain wall can use separately and be used for indoor greening, also can be used as the greening cell cube and constitutes large-area greening wall, greening atmosphere, greening artistic structure; This greening curtain wall has combined and instant, and construction is simple, removes characteristics such as simple and recycling.
In addition, because hydrophilic group of the present utility model contains a large amount of calcium ions (Ca+), so have sterilization, a smelly effect of sterilizing, disappear.Again because have loose hole tissue, so it is good to have air capacity of soils, water retention is obvious, and sick worm and assorted bacterium should not grow, preventing advantages such as mashed root of plant and restriction excessive vegetative growth, is a kind of practicality very strong naked wall of greening cement, urban skyscraper and the environmental protection greening method of beautifying the environment.
The beneficial effects of the utility model mainly show: reduce cost, effectively avoid influencing building intensity, be easy to safeguard.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile of greening curtain wall.
Fig. 2 is the fixture front view.
Fig. 3 is the front view of greening curtain wall.
Fig. 4 is the rearview of greening curtain wall.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of the greening curtain wall of two hydrophilic group integral structures.
Fig. 6 is the assembling schematic diagram of greening curtain wall.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the greening curtain wall among Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the fixture among Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is the shape schematic diagram of greening curtain wall, wherein, and A figure expression side semicircular in shape; B figure expression side is trapezoidal; C figure expression side is triangular in shape.
Figure 10 indoor greening curtain wall cuts open legend
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further described.
With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 4, a kind of greening curtain wall, comprise in order to the fixed component that is connected with building 1., in order to hydrophilic group that the needed moisture of plant growing is provided 2., 3. and in order to provide keep plant growing, cultivation, the needed moisture of breeding and nutrient the nutrition base 8., 2., 3. described hydrophilic group is the loose member of porous body, the average pore size of the loose member of porous body is 0.5～3mm, 1. fixedly connected with fixed component at the back side of described hydrophilic group, 7. the front of described hydrophilic group is provided with the plant embedded groove, and 8. described nutrition base is positioned at described plant embedded groove bottom 7..
7. described plant embedded groove is 2～10 degree with the angle of vertical plane.Preferably, 7. described plant embedded groove is 3～6 degree with the angle of vertical plane.
Described hydrophilic group comprises that at least two hydrophilic substrates 2., 3., adjacent in twos hydrophilic substrate is fixedly connected, fixedly connected with fixed component by the hydrophilic substrate of a side, lean on most the hydrophilic substrate of opposite side to be provided with the plant embedded groove, along leaning on most opposite side to leaning on most a side direction, the average pore size of each hydrophilic substrate diminishes gradually.
Figure 1 shows that the cross sectional side view of the practicality of the utility model greening curtain wall.In this utility model, 1. diagram is fixed component, and described fixed component is by body, lug boss 6., suspended structure 4., 5. the suspension arrangement set bolt constitutes with nut; Described body is the circumferential closed member of top and positive exploitation; The material of described fixed component can be plastics, mud dragon, toughened plastic, stainless steel, one or more in stone matter or other works.But require its gross weight and high wind that enough strength support greening curtain walls must be arranged, effects such as external impacts.
2. 1. described fixed component become rigid attachment with hydrophilic group, and 1. 2. described hydrophilic group can carry out the while roasting as requested with fixed component or bond with binding agent, and its linking intensity requires greater than 3000N/m
2
As shown in Figure 1, described hydrophilic group outside one side 3. is provided with the inclination angle.Described inclination angle becomes the angle of 3-6 degree with vertical plane.
Described inclination angle not only can increase the collecting amount of rainwater, and can also play the effect of sheltering from heat or light, and is easy to the growth of dark and damp short strain plant, and this angle neither can influence attractive in appearance, can suddenly not increase the wind-force effect again and make the greening curtain wall come off.
7. 3. described hydrophilic group have the plant embedded groove, described plant embedded groove 7. the degree of depth below 10mm.
8. the 7. interior system of described plant embedded groove goes into the nutrition base.
Described plant embedded groove becomes the angle of 3-6 degree with vertical plane.
Figure 2 shows that fixed component front view 1..6. the projection of described fixed body has two horizontal projection, and described projection has the contact area and the effect that increases holding strength that increases with hydrophilic group.
Fig. 3 is the utility model greening curtain wall example front view, short strain plant by implant the nutrition base 8. in after be presented to the plant embedded groove 7. in to realize greening function.
4. suspended structure shown in Figure 4 is one or two, and it is shaped as U-shaped, and described U-shaped suspended structure one end and fixed component be rigid attachment 1., and the other end and quilt greening member connect; By fixing hole 9. 4. described suspended structure go up.
9. described fixing hole uses the clamping hole for equipped greening curtain wall member.Described fixing hole 9. be shaped as the up-small and down-big circumscribed circle that can cooperate with hook bolt.
1. described fixed component is top and positive open circumferential closed structure, this structure both can guarantee that hydrophilic group was unlikely to come off, the moisture that can guarantee hydrophilic group again is unlikely to miss fast and evaporate, and top and front then are fit to collect outside moisture for open structure.
Described hydrophilic group has loose hole matter structure, and bulk density is 0.2-0.6t/m
2, voidage is 20-80%, average pore size is below 3mm.
Described hydrophilic group 2. can be identical with hydrophilic group institutional framework 3., also can be different.
When described hydrophilic group is 2. identical with hydrophilic group institutional framework 3. described hydrophilic group every index 3. all 2. less than hydrophilic group, described every index comprises aperture etc.
Be specially the organization material that the injection ratio is different after 2. the sintering hydrophilic group is finished and go into stove sintering hydrophilic group again 3., because hydrophilic group material 2. is loose, the aperture is big, part composite material can enter in the hole, 3. 2. hydrophilic group have good embedment strength with hydrophilic group after carrying out sintering like this, and 2. hydrophilic group then just can become the open storage tank in a top.
Described sintering circuit is: the shell integral body that reclaims is sent into be heated to 500-800 degree centigrade of roast in the stove earlier, kept sintering 30-60 minute, being ground into maximum particle size after the cooling is the following shell particle powder of 5mm; Be to send into roast in the stove after shell particle powder below the 5mm and foaming adhesive mix then with described maximum particle size, the mass percent of shell particle powder is 60～90%, the mass percent of foaming adhesive is 10-40%, described foaming adhesive can adopt raw materials such as polyurethane foams (as HFC-245fa), bentonite, paraffin, many vinyl chloride resins or SiC, the adjustment of described roasting to 300-600 degree kept 30-60 minute, and then transfer to about the 500-1000 degree, can be fired into hydrophilic group in sintering 30-60 minute.
Described nutrition base is 8. by water-loss reducer, filler, and nutritional agentss etc. are formed.
Described water-loss reducer between 0.2-15 weight %, nutritional agents or below the nutrients 0.1-1 weight %.
Described nutrition base 8. can adopt high-pressure injection method with described nutrition base 8. make described plant embedded groove 7. in, can have additional nutrients like this base 8. with the insert depth of hydrophilic group, have additional nutrients base 8. with hydrophilic group consolidation strength 3..
Described gunite can be with the seed of nutrition sill and short strain plant, the tissue of plant, the bred part of plant evenly mix together implant embedded groove 7. in.
Also can adopt vibratory drilling method with the nutrition base 8. make embedded groove 7. in and the part hydrophilic group 3. in.
Can be during described employing vibratory drilling method with the seed of nutrition sill and plant, the tissue of plant, the bred part of plant is evenly mixed together go into embedded groove 7. with the part hydrophilic group 3. in.
Described implantation also can be inserted behind the nutrition base row as required in advance again and be implanted short strain plant.
Described short strain plant relates to plant, seed or the spore with renewable, and biomass is planted in the short strains such as plant, plant seed, plant tissue and spore that comprise moss, lichen, have the function of viewing and admiring.
Can render to the workshop behind the described short strain plant implantation hydrophilic group and cultivate breeding, wait is dispatched from the factory.
Figure 6 shows that the equipped schematic diagram of greening curtain wall of one of this practicality example.Its size has been designed to 250mm * 125mm curtain wall unit and 125mm * two rectangle models of 60mm curtain wall unit in order to afforest building wall.
Described curtain wall unit body by body 1. by the suspension part 4. and described fixing hole 9. with hanging screw 10. be fixed on by the greening member on.
Described hanging screw is the head tool shape of coming of age 10., can guarantee that like this afforesting curtain wall unit is unlikely to come off.
Described greening curtain wall unit connects by combination can form curtain wall plant community shown in Figure 6.
10. described hanging screw must embed in fixed mount or the building, and its linking intensity requires greater than 3000N/m
2
Described curtain wall group can constitute figure according to designing requirement, literal, and pattern or other are decorated atmosphere.
Described curtain wall can be implemented from top to permeate to add water or surface sprinkling when arid by dripping the elephant trunk system.
Fig. 9 has enumerated the partial shape of greening curtain wall unit of the present utility model.The shape of described greening curtain wall can be rectangle, square, triangle, polygon, half polygon, circle, semicircle etc.Particularly, recommend to use rectangle shown in Figure 1 and del shown in Figure 7, semicircle or half polygon in order to be beneficial to the storage moisture and the rainwater of giving and accepting.
With reference to Fig. 5, in the present embodiment, 2. described hydrophilic group is illustrated in figure 5 as the hydrophilic group integrated component that disposable sintering is finished with the 8. identical situation of hydrophilic group.
Other structures of present embodiment are all identical with embodiment 1 with the course of work.
With reference to Figure 10, the front of described hydrophilic group is provided with pattern elements
The utility model can also be made into the indoor greening curtain wall.
Figure 10 cuts open legend for the indoor greening curtain wall.Described indoor greening curtain wall is by fixed body
Pattern elements
Hydrophilic group
With nutrition greening member
Form.
Described fixed component
For by metal, nonmetal etc. waterproof, do not corrode, rot, the smelly member with fixation that waits material to make never degenerates.Recommend to use water-fast timber, plastics, one or more in rustless metal or the pottery.
Described fixed component
Suspension arrangement can be set, in order to the fixing indoor greening curtain wall member that hangs.
Described pattern elements
Can be the convex-concave member of no greening function; Described convex-concave member can be a layout, fine arts calligraphy, symbol, one or more in the view.
Described hydrophilic group
On insert the nutrition base
Realize the indoor greening beautifying functions.
Described hydrophilic group
By the shell powder, blowing agent, bonding is squeezed the porous body with storage moisture function that mixed sintering forms.
Described hydrophilic group
Used the shell powder that has the above hole matter of 5 μ m as basic material, so have storage moisture and slow infiltration function; Therefore shell also has the disinfection and the smelly function that disappears because contain calcium ion (Ca+).More because have loose hole tissue, so it is good to have air capacity of soils, water retention is obvious, sick worm and assorted bacterium should not grow, and prevent advantages such as mashed root of plant and restriction excessive vegetative growth, are the very strong indoor long-term greenings of a kind of practicality, beautify, regulate effective environment protection method of microclimate.
Member is afforested in described and nutrition
Mixture by nutrition base and short strain plant reproductive tissue is formed.
Described short strain plant reproductive tissue relates to plant, seed or the spore with renewable, and biomass is planted in the short strains such as plant, plant seed, plant tissue and spore that comprise moss, lichen, have the function of viewing and admiring.
Described nutrition base system goes into to utilize injection, and vibration such as inserts naturally at the method implantation.
Described nutrition greening member
Also can not contain short strain plant, at nutrition greening member
System is gone into behind the hydrophilic group row again and is implanted short strain plant separately.
Described nutrition greening member
Can be the plane, also can be to have the convex-concave member that beautifies, views and admires function.
The shape of described indoor greening curtain wall can be rectangle, square, triangle, polygon, half polygon, circle, semicircle, arbitrarily one or more in the shape.
Claims (10)
1. greening curtain wall, it is characterized in that: described greening curtain wall comprises in order to the fixed component that is connected with building, in order to hydrophilic group that the needed moisture of plant growing is provided with in order to the nutrition base of keeping plant growing, cultivation, the needed moisture of breeding and nutrient to be provided, described hydrophilic group is the loose member of porous body, the average pore size of the loose member of porous body is 0.5～3mm, fixedly connected with fixed component in the back side of described hydrophilic group, the front of described hydrophilic group is provided with the plant embedded groove, and described nutrition base is positioned at the bottom of described plant embedded groove.
2. greening curtain wall as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the angle of described plant embedded groove and vertical plane is 2～10 degree.
3. greening curtain wall as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the angle of described plant embedded groove and vertical plane is 3～6 degree.
4. as the described greening curtain wall of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described hydrophilic group comprises at least two hydrophilic substrates, adjacent in twos hydrophilic substrate is fixedly connected, fixedly connected with fixed component by the hydrophilic substrate of a side, lean on most the hydrophilic substrate of opposite side to be provided with the plant embedded groove, along leaning on most opposite side to leaning on most a side direction, the average pore size of each hydrophilic substrate diminishes gradually.
5. greening curtain wall as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described hydrophilic group comprises two hydrophilic substrates, a hydrophilic substrate is fixedlyed connected with fixed component, another hydrophilic substrate is provided with the plant embedded groove, and the average pore size of described another hydrophilic substrate is bigger than the average pore size of a hydrophilic substrate.
6. as the described greening curtain wall of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the front of described hydrophilic group is provided with pattern elements.
7. greening curtain wall as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the periphery of described pattern elements is the plant embedded groove.
8. as the described greening curtain wall of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the back side of described hydrophilic group is provided with lug boss, and described lug boss is fixedlyed connected with described fixed component.
9. as the described greening curtain wall of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described fixed component is top and positive open four sides enclosed construction.
10. as the described greening curtain wall of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: being shaped as of described plant embedded groove is one of following: (1), rectangle; (2), square; (3), triangle; (4), polygon; (5), circle; (6), semicircle; (7), half polygon; (8), ellipse.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202942103U CN201758590U (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2010-08-13 | Greening curtain wall |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202942103U CN201758590U (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2010-08-13 | Greening curtain wall |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201758590U true CN201758590U (en) | 2011-03-16 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010202942103U Expired - Fee Related CN201758590U (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2010-08-13 | Greening curtain wall |
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| CN (1) | CN201758590U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103061439A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-24 | 苏州大学 | Pulley type plant double-glass curtain wall |
| CN110881335A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-17 | 纯萃生活有限公司 | Combined glass material planting module with water-containing micropores |
-
2010
- 2010-08-13 CN CN2010202942103U patent/CN201758590U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103061439A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-24 | 苏州大学 | Pulley type plant double-glass curtain wall |
| CN110881335A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-17 | 纯萃生活有限公司 | Combined glass material planting module with water-containing micropores |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20110316 Termination date: 20170813 |