CN201656815U

CN201656815U - Solar full-automatic sun following mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN201656815U
Application number: CN2009202154070U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘军华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-12-30
Filing date: 2009-12-30
Publication date: 2010-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2019-12-30

Abstract

The utility model provides a solar full-automatic sun following mechanism, which is provided with a circular lead rail, a worktable, a rack and a solar pane from bottom to top, wherein the worktable is movably arranged on the circular orbit, the rack is installed on the worktable. The utility model is characterized in that a load wheel and a ball or guide wheel are mounted under the worktable, a shaft type rotary unit is mounted on the lower part of the worktable; a biaxial rotary unit is mounted on the rack; the solar panel is mounted on the upper end of the rack, chain supports are mounted on the back face of the solar panel, a chain is provided between the chain supports, the chain perforates the biaxial speed changing box and is controlled by the speed changing box. The utility model simplifies the control unit and its drive system, and the mechanical design is more reasonable and labor-saving, the torque input along the top circle of the circular lead rail is smaller and the lever principle is slickly combined together to apply therein.

Description

Full-automatic solar sun-tracking mechanical device

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of sunlight heat application of utilizing, and is specifically related to a kind of full-automatic solar sun-tracking mechanical device.

Background technology

Solar energy is a kind of radiant energy, is not with any chemical substance, is the cleanest, the most reliable huge energy treasure-house.21 century is a direction of world energy sources development, and the utilization of solar energy comprises solar thermal utilization, solar photovoltaic utilization, photochemistry utilization, and wherein the above two utilize more general.Because the solar radiation radiated energy is wide, is a big technical barrier of focus utilization solar energy optical-thermal, therefore how maximally utilising photo-thermal under limited area is the problem that must solve.Occurred two big main flow research directions at present, the first shows aspect the material the raising of photoelectric conversion efficiency under limited area, for this point, reached about 96% in the efficient of China's solar thermal utilization; Be directly to utilize direct sunlight on the other hand, existing facts have proved as employing direct sunlight average of the whole year photoelectric conversion efficiency can improve 10～25%, and the solar thermal utilization average of the whole year improves 8～15%.Therefore variously produce successively with a day structure, method and control devices thereof, and really tell on few, particularly for relatively large such as 5m ²To 100m ²Large-sized photovoltaic array.

China Patent No. is 200710066248.8, the applying date is 2007.9.29 day, open day is 2008.3.5 day, denomination of invention is " solar full-automatic tracking rotary table ", in application documents, put down in writing the full automatic tracking rotary table of a kind of solar energy, but can determine this rotating disk function singleness according to its content, therefore can not utilize solar energy to obtain advantage better, more fully.So need be improved.

The utility model content

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of full-automatic solar sun-tracking mechanical device, can realize long-time tracking utilization to solar energy resources at different time points by the setting to inner tumbler, thereby obtains bigger interests.

The technical problem that the utility model proposed is to solve like this: construct a kind of full-automatic solar sun-tracking device, be provided with circular guideway, workbench, frame, solar panel from bottom to up, wherein workbench is movably housed on the circuit orbit, frame is installed on the workbench, it is characterized in that: workbench can rotate on circular guideway, and in the bottom of workbench a rotating unit is installed; Two rotating units that are made of two reduction boxes are installed on the frame here; Solar panel is installed in the upper end of frame by the rotation axis mass activity that is provided with, the back side of solar panel is equipped with at least two chain bearings, between this chain bearing, be provided with chain, this chain be pass two shaft gearboxes and controlled by two shaft gearboxes.

According to full-automatic solar sun-tracking device described in the utility model, it is characterized in that: workbench is equipped with loadwheel, loadwheel can rotate at the circular guideway upper surface, also be provided with under the workbench along circular guideway and do ball or the directive wheel that outer circumference surface rotates, loadwheel and ball or directive wheel have been guaranteed workbench back rotation on circular guideway; Wherein also be provided with the ring gear of half-circle-arc shape in the inboard of circular guideway.

According to full-automatic solar sun-tracking device described in the utility model, it is characterized in that: rotating unit is that the motor by vertical installation connects a worm reduction gear by the cylinder decelerator and constitutes, inside at worm reduction gear is provided with worm-wheel shaft, the worm-wheel shaft upper end is that power output shaft is connected with the power intake of two reduction boxes, the lower end of worm-wheel shaft connects a gear, and this gear contacts with above-mentioned ring gear; And adjusting bolt in location also is installed on worm reduction gear, steel ball is equipped with in the bottom of location adjusting bolt; Below worm reduction gear, be provided with and the contacted locating wheel of circular guideway outer surface.

According to full-automatic solar sun-tracking device described in the utility model, it is characterized in that: in two reduction boxes, worm and gear is installed, and be equipped with two at the power input shaft of two reduction boxes on axially and connect gears, between the worm shaft of the power input shaft of two reduction boxes and worm and gear more than one idle wheel is housed, power output shaft has constituted the power input of two reduction boxes by coupling; Also on the worm shaft of worm and gear, gear wheel is installed, worm and gear is subjected to the rotation of idle wheel or gear wheel and rotates, and the output shaft place of the worm gear in worm and gear is equipped with sprocket wheel, and remove to mesh chain movement again by this sprocket wheel, and two reduction boxes are provided with control handle, control handle connects a shift fork, the shift fork other end and two connects gear and keeps cooperating, control handle connects the gear control position by shift fork to two, and the control handle two ends link an electromagnet respectively and are subjected to magnet control.

According to full-automatic solar sun-tracking device described in the utility model, it is characterized in that; Circular guideway adopts more piece camber guide rail to constitute.

According to full-automatic solar sun-tracking device described in the utility model, it is characterized in that: the center is equipped with the Inlet and outlet water dynamic sealing device that is used for solar water heater in circular guideway, this hydrodynamic(al) sealing device comprises that moving Inlet and outlet water is taken over, the location Inlet and outlet water is taken over, and compresses by filler clamp nut and the outer setting heat-insulation layer integral body that is provided with on it.

According to full-automatic solar sun-tracking device described in the utility model, it is characterized in that: workbench is provided with positioning bolt hole.

According to full-automatic solar sun-tracking device described in the utility model, it is characterized in that: also comprise control circuit.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: 1. make whole device modularization more in the utility model, wherein a rotating unit can be realized 0 °～180 ° rotation, two rotating units can make solar panel rotate in 0 °～45 ° scopes, realized wider, utilize solar energy to greater room; 2. circuit orbit is to combine more than halving at least with array size, and is changeable as required, and very easily processing can guarantee the precision of demand effectively; 3. dynamical system is only done for a kind of power source and is driven diaxon with day, control unit and drive system thereof have been simplified from whole structure, make its Machine Design more laborsaving, littler and lever principle combined dexterously make it utilization wherein along circular guideway cylindrical input torque; 4. this device is highly suitable for desert and the use of outlying district installation large-sized photovoltaic generating field, meets the requirement of developing the environmental protection clean energy resource energetically.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is circular guideway described in the utility model and Working table structure schematic diagram

Fig. 2 is that circular guideway contacts enlarged diagram with workbench

Fig. 3 is a deceleration device structural representation

Fig. 4 is a solar water heater Inlet and outlet water dynamic sealing device schematic diagram

Fig. 5 is frame and solar cell panel structure schematic diagram

Fig. 6 is a drive system schematic diagram of the present utility model

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of shift fork in the utility model

Fig. 8 circuit theory diagrams of the present utility model

Wherein, 1, locating wheel, 2, worm reduction gear, 3, ring gear, 4, ball or directive wheel, 5, motor, 6, moving Inlet and outlet water takes over 7, circular guideway, 8, loadwheel, 9, workbench, 10, positioning bolt hole, 11, one-level cylinder decelerator, 12, bolt, 13 are regulated in the location, gear, 14, worm-wheel shaft, 15, power output shaft, 16, the filler clamp nut, 17, heat-insulation layer, 18, the location Inlet and outlet water takes over 19, coupling, 20, idle wheel, 21, control handle, 22, worm and gear, 23, chain, 24, the chain bearing, 25, solar panel, 26, rotation axis, 27, two shaft gearboxes, 28, frame, 29, sprocket wheel, 30, connect gear, 30.1, two connect the gear wheel of gear, 30.2, two connect the pinion of gear, 31, gear wheel, 32, shift fork.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is described further.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of full-automatic solar sun-tracking mechanical device is provided with circular guideway 7, workbench 9, frame 28, solar panel 25 from bottom to up; Wherein workbench 9 is to be movably housed on the circuit orbit 7, on the frame 28 installment work platforms 9, the loadwheel 8 that workbench 9 is installed by its underpart contacts with circular guideway 7 upper surfaces, that is to say that loadwheel 8 can rotate along circular guideway 7 upper surfaces, and also be provided with for 9 times along circular guideway 7 at workbench and do ball or the directive wheel 4 that outer circumference surface rotates, design can guarantee that workbench 9 moves in a circle along circuit orbit 7 like this, as shown in Figure 2.Circular guideway 7 adopts more piece camber guide rail to form, and the inboard of circular guideway 7 is provided with the ring gear 3 of half-circle-arc shape, and it is pin rack or the chain that launches to become afterwards solid shape that the inboard of circular guideway 7 also can change ring gear 3 into.Workbench 9 is provided with positioning bolt hole 10.A rotating unit is installed in bottom at workbench 9, and two rotating units that are made of two reduction boxes 27 have been installed again on the frame 28.Solar panel 25 recited above is installed frame 28 upper ends by rotation axis 26 mass activities that are provided with, and can realize well that solar panel 25 rotates along rotation axis 26, to receive the solar energy solar energy of different angles.The back side of cell panel 25 is equipped with two chain bearings 24, is connected with chain 23 between these two chain bearings 24, this chain 23 be pass two shaft gearboxes 27 and be subjected to 27 controls of two shaft gearboxes, as shown in Figure 5.Also comprise control circuit in the present invention.

As shown in Figure 3, rotating unit is that the motor 5 (can select servomotor or stepping motor) by vertical installation connects a worm reduction gear 2 by cylinder gear speed reducer 11 and constitutes, be provided with worm-wheel shaft 14 in the inside of worm reduction gear 2, worm-wheel shaft 14 upper ends are that power output shaft 15 is connected with the power intake of two reduction boxes 27, the lower end of worm-wheel shaft 14 connects a gear 13, also can change gear 13 into pin gear or chain wheel, this time, gear 13 contacted with above-mentioned ring gear 3, above-mentioned gear ring 3 also can change pin rack into or launch after become the chain of solid shape (to that is to say and when with gear 13 time, just use gear ring 3, when selecting pin gear for use, just select pin rack for use, when selecting chain wheel for use, can select for use chain to cooperate with it).Ring gear 3, decelerator 2, gear 13 constitute one transmission (gear unit just) at this moment.And adjusting bolt 12 in location also is installed on worm reduction gear 2, and steel ball or directive wheel are equipped with in adjusting bolt 12 lower ends, location, and the effect of steel ball or directive wheel is to make things convenient for workbench 9 to rotate.Also below worm reduction gear 2, be provided with and the contacted locating wheel 1 of circular guideway 7 outer surfaces.That is to say when gear 13 rotates, under the situation that steel ball or directive wheel and locating wheel 1 have been arranged, can make 7 motions of workbench 9 lower edge circular guideways better.

As shown in Figure 6, in two reduction boxes 27, worm and gear 22 is installed, and (idle wheel is a kind of industry term between the worm shaft of the power input shaft of two reduction boxes 27 and worm and gear 22 more than one idle wheel 20 to be housed, increase a wheel between driving wheel and the driven pulley, can cry and be breast wheel, being mainly used in the change driven pulley turns to), power output shaft 15 constitutes the power input of two reduction boxes 27 by coupling 19, on two reduction box 27 power shafts are axial, be equipped with two and connect gear 30, two connect gear 30 compositions comprises gear wheel 30.1 and pinion 30.2, and gear wheel 31 is installed on the worm shaft of worm and gear 22.Worm and gear 22 is to be subjected to the rotation of idle wheel 20 or gear wheel 31 and to rotate in rotation process, also sprocket wheel 29 is installed at the output shaft place of worm gear, and remove to mesh chain 23 again by this sprocket wheel 29 and move, the sprocket wheel 29 here can be installed a plurality of as required, and quantity decides what by chain.The present invention has made full use of the self-locking action of worm gear here, therefore solar panel 23 can be remained on certain angle, reaches the purpose of rotating solar panel 25.Chain bearing 24 also has chain 23 designed size, group number according to demand.In addition also two reduction boxes 27 are provided with control handle 21, adopt electromagnet or stepping motor can reach the purpose that changes worm steering and speed by control control handle 21 reciprocal positions.

This device can be used for solar water heater, when being used for water heater, the center is equipped with the Inlet and outlet water dynamic sealing device that is used for solar water heater in circular guideway 7 so, this hydrodynamic(al) sealing device comprises that moving Inlet and outlet water is taken over, the location Inlet and outlet water takes over 18, compress with outer setting heat-insulation layer 17 integral body by the filler clamp nut 16 that is provided with on it, show as Fig. 4.

Its principle is that travel switch is in 5 work of adjustable time point starter motor, to afternoon again Rotate 180 ° after limit switch work quits work motor 5, original position is got back in the reverse rotation of travel switch work in evening starter motor, and limit switch quits work to circulation for the second time motor 5.Limit switch claims travel switch again, can be installed in that static relatively object (as fixed mount, doorframe etc., be called for short still life) is gone up or the object of motion (, being called for short animal) as driving, door etc. on.When animal during near still life, the contact of the connecting rod driving switch of switch causes the closed contact disjunction or the junction closure of disconnection.The action of going to control circuit and mechanism by the change of make and break contact opening and closing state.Limit switch K1, K2 are installed on the circular guideway 7, and limit switch K3, K4 are installed on the frame 28.

Basic principle is for driving two reduction boxes 27 by power output shaft 15 when the axle rotating unit is worked, driving worm and gear 22 by idle wheel 20 or gear wheel 31 rotates, worm and gear 22 drives sprocket wheel 29, drives chain 23 by sprocket wheel 29 again, and solar panel 25 can pivot.When work, a rotating unit slewing area is 0 °～180 °, and it is 0 °～45 ° that two rotating units make solar panel 25 slewing areas.Wherein work 0 °～90 ° the time when one, two rotating units then are 45 °～0 ° (horizontal attitude), and when axle rotating unit during from 90 °～180 °, two rotating units then are 0 ° and are returned to 45 ° and just stop after original position.Need rotating the time to make a back rotate to original position (being in clutch state) when detecting, finish a circulation at two reduction boxes 27 rotating the time by limit switch or optoelectronic switch.

In two shaft gearboxes 27, also include be provided with can slide vertically two connect gears and with two connect gears and keep the shift fork 32 that is slidingly matched as shown in Figure 6; Wherein two to connect gears be that the rate of rotation that is used for two between centers in gear is regulated, and claims the doubly-linked tooth again, the gear of answering two different numbers of teeth be during fabrication one whole.Be to be slidingly matched by shift fork 32 and the two middle positions that connect gear when here using, the slip by control handle 21 drives simultaneously and two connects the shift fork 32 that gear itself is slidingly matched, and should change two positions that connect gear, and realization is just changeed, counter-rotating, clutch.Be to change two to connect the position (operating lever can be realized) of gears actual be magnet control.In the middle of whole process, control two forward and backward and clutch state by control handle 21, its control procedure for when the time point upper stroke switch of setting in starter motor 5 at first the electromagnet of start-up control control handle 21 (electromagnet here mainly is an actuator, finish to such an extent that electric adhesive, power failure rear spring reset, select two electromagnet here for use, control its forward and backward respectively) work, at first just being in changes.Be that control handle 21 is controlled at its two gear wheel 30.1 that connects gear cooperates rotation with gear wheel 31 position with two company's gears 30 when just changeing, realize just changeing; This moment, just magnet control control handle 21 allowed two shaft gearboxes 27 be in just to change state.When needs reverse, to control the operation of another electromagnet by circuit and make control handle 21 connect gear 30 to be controlled at its two pinion 30.2 that connects gear and to cooperate the position of rotating with idle wheel 20 two, realization is reversed.When not needing forward and backward, just be in clutch state, i.e. centre position.Whole control process is controlled by control circuit and is finished.

Circuit theory of the present utility model is: add the AC220V working power at A, B two ends, timer KT gets electric, if be control system operating time (ordinary circumstance is preset as the 8:00 in the morning to 18:00 in afternoon) then KT normally opened contact KT this moment _1-1Closure is for late-class circuit provides power supply.

KT _1-1After the closure, if being at this moment, device horizontally rotates between original position A and the horizontal return position B, then its 2 limit switch K1 and K2 are in normally open, level is rotated in the forward relay K A1 and horizontal return relay K A2 dead electricity, its normally-closed contact KA1-2 and KA2-2 connect horizontal return contactor KM2 coil, KM2 closure, dragging motor get electric operation, drive mechanical driving device and realize horizontal reset.

The circuit control principle is: touch limit switch K1, K1 normally opened contact K1-1 closure, because of device has left the return position, so its limit switch K2 is because of possessing from reset function, its normally-closed contact K2-2 is in normally off, and power supply is connected KA1 through K2-2, K1-1, KA1 get electric after, its normally opened contact KA1-1 closure realizes self-locking.Normally opened contact KA1-3 closure, connection is rotated in the forward contactor KM1 power supply, dragging motor gets electric operation, the implement device level at the uniform velocity turns round, be in initial position because of the elevation angle simultaneously, limit switch K3 closure, K3-1 connects the elevation angle and increases progressively electromagnet YA1, under the dragging of mechanical linkage, realize at the uniform velocity increasing progressively of the elevation angle.

When finish the cycle of operation 50% the time, the elevation angle has been incremented to 180 when spending (working face and ground are the level of state), touch the elevation angle limit switch K4 that successively decreases this moment, the K4-1 closure, electromagnet YA2 power supply successively decreases at the connection elevation angle, realize commutation function, in the later half cycle of the cycle of operation, the elevation angle is at the uniform velocity decrement states.

Reasonably change speed ratio by mechanical driving device, can realize being rotated in the forward and return of interior horizontal direction 180 degree of predetermined period, and the elevation angle at the uniform velocity increase progressively and successively decrease 45 the degree, when horizontally rotating when 180 spend, return limit switch K2 is touched, and K2-2 disconnects, cut off the KA1 power supply, KA1-3 disconnects, and cuts off and is rotated in the forward contactor KM1 power supply, is rotated in the forward end.Simultaneously, K2-1 is closed because of being touched, because original position limit switch K1 possesses from reset function, K1-2 recovers normally off, and return circuit breaker KA2 gets, the KA2-1 closure, realize self-locking, the KA2-3 closure is connected return contactor KM2 power supply, changed the rotation direction of dragging motor, implement device return function.

When running to original position, limit switch K1 is touched, and its normally-closed contact KA1-2 disconnects, and cuts off return circuit breaker KA2 power supply, and the return function finishes.Wait for the circulation of next cycle (second day).At this moment, because of the elevation angle has been decremented to initial condition, its limit switch K3-1 closure is connected commutation electromagnet YA1, realizes commutation function, for next one circulation (second day) is got ready.

Wherein: KT is a timer, K1, K2, K3, K4 carry one often to open the every trade degree bit switch normally closed with, K1-1 and K2-1 are respectively the normally opened contact of K1 and K2, K3-1 and K4-1 are respectively K3 and K4 normally opened contact, K1-2 and K2-2 are respectively the normally-closed contact of K1 and K2, KA1 and KA2 are auxiliary relay, and YA1 and YA2 are electromagnet, and KM1 and KM2 are A.C. contactor.Corresponding K1-1 of K1 and K1-2, corresponding K2-1 of K2 and K2-2, the corresponding K3-1 of K3, the corresponding K4-1 of K4.

Claims

1. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device, be provided with circular guideway (7), workbench (9), frame (28), solar panel (25) from bottom to up, wherein workbench (9) is movably housed on the circuit orbit (7), frame (28) is installed on the workbench (9), it is characterized in that: workbench (9) can be gone up at circular guideway (7) and rotate, and in the bottom of workbench (9) rotating unit is installed; Two rotating units that are made of two reduction boxes (27) are installed on the frame here (28); Solar panel (25) is installed in the upper end of frame (28) by rotation axis (26) mass activity that is provided with, the back side of solar panel (25) is equipped with at least two chain bearings (24), between this chain bearing (24), be provided with chain (23), this chain (23) be pass two shaft gearboxes (27) and be subjected to two shaft gearboxes (27) control.

2. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: workbench (9) is equipped with loadwheel (8), loadwheel (8) can rotate at circular guideway (7) upper surface, also be provided with under the workbench (9) along circular guideway (7) and do ball or the directive wheel (4) that outer circumference surface rotates, loadwheel (8) and ball or directive wheel (4) have guaranteed that workbench (9) is in circular guideway (7) back rotation of coming up; Wherein also be provided with the ring gear (3) of half-circle-arc shape in the inboard of circular guideway (7).

3. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: rotating unit is that the motor (5) by vertical installation connects a worm reduction gear (2) by cylinder decelerator (11) and constitutes, be provided with worm-wheel shaft (14) in the inside of worm reduction gear (2), worm-wheel shaft (14) upper end is that power output shaft (15) is connected with the power intake of two reduction boxes (27), the lower end of worm-wheel shaft (14) connects a gear (13), and this gear (13) contacts with above-mentioned ring gear (3); And adjusting bolt (12) in location also is installed on worm reduction gear (2), steel ball is equipped with in the bottom of location adjusting bolt (12); Be provided with and the contacted locating wheel of circular guideway (7) outer surface (1) in worm reduction gear (2) below.

4. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: worm and gear (22) is installed in two reduction boxes (27), and be equipped with two at the power input shaft of two reduction boxes (27) on axially and connect gears (30), between the worm shaft of the power input shaft of two reduction boxes (27) and worm and gear (22) more than one idle wheel (20) is housed, power output shaft (15) has constituted the power input of two reduction boxes (27) by coupling (19); Gear wheel (31) also is installed on the worm shaft of worm and gear (22), worm and gear (22) is subjected to the rotation of idle wheel (20) or gear wheel (31) and rotates, and the output shaft place of the worm gear in worm and gear (22) is equipped with sprocket wheel (29), and remove to mesh chain (23) again by this sprocket wheel (29) and move, and two reduction boxes (27) are provided with control handle (21), control handle (21) connects a shift fork (32), shift fork (32) other end and two connects gear (30) and keeps cooperating, control handle (21) connects gear (30) control position by shift fork (32) to two, and control handle (21) two ends link an electromagnet respectively and are subjected to magnet control.

5. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: circular guideway (7) adopts more piece camber guide rail to constitute.

6. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the center is equipped with the Inlet and outlet water dynamic sealing device that is used for solar water heater in circular guideway (7), this hydrodynamic(al) sealing device comprises that moving Inlet and outlet water is taken over (6), the location Inlet and outlet water is taken over (18), compresses by filler clamp nut (16) and outer setting heat-insulation layer (17) integral body that is provided with on it.

7. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: workbench (9) is provided with positioning bolt hole (10).

8. full-automatic solar sun-tracking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise control circuit.