CN201575697U - Pressure-flow magnesium alloy smelting holding furnace - Google Patents
Pressure-flow magnesium alloy smelting holding furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN201575697U CN201575697U CN2009202728450U CN200920272845U CN201575697U CN 201575697 U CN201575697 U CN 201575697U CN 2009202728450 U CN2009202728450 U CN 2009202728450U CN 200920272845 U CN200920272845 U CN 200920272845U CN 201575697 U CN201575697 U CN 201575697U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a pressure-flow magnesium alloy smelting holding furnace, which comprises a furnace body with a holding layer, a crucible disposed inside a hearth, a heating component, a temperature measuring device and a furnace cover. The furnace body includes a furnace casing and a lining, a water cooling flange is arranged on a portion, engaged with the furnace cover, of the upper portion of the furnace body, high temperature resistant refractory filling material and a silicon rubber sealing ring are arranged inside the water cooling flange, circulating cooling water is connected to inside of the water cooling flange, and the furnace cover is locked with the furnace body through a pressing mechanism. A temperature measuring thermocouple and a protection gas input pipeline extend into the furnace through insertion holes of the furnace cover, a relief pipe is mounted on the furnace cover, and a safety valve and an exhaust valve are mounted at the top portion of the relief pipe. A transfer pipette is led into the hearth via the furnace body. The furnace combines smelting, holding and molten conveying integrally, precisely controls flow of molten magnesium alloy, draws purer molten magnesium alloy in the middle portion of the crucible, realizes fixed-flow continuous conveying, prevents oxidation and combustion of magnesium alloy, prepares high-quality magnesium alloy products by being used with corresponding casing equipment, and has safe use and simple operation.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of magnesium alloy smelting equipment, relates in particular to a kind of pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, belongs to the non-ferrous metal technical field.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has lot of advantages, is described as " the green engineering material of 21 century ", and Mg Alloy Research and application in recent years is subjected to the attention of material educational circles and industrial quarters day by day.Along with cost reduces and the breakthrough of technical bottleneck, industry such as magnesium becomes automobile, electronics with magnesium alloy, communicate by letter is strong day by day to magnesium alloy sheet band demand.The roll-casting of magnesium alloy technology has advantages such as short flow process, low cost and high efficiency, is the main developing direction of magnesium alloy board process technology.
In recent years, research and develop, prepare the roll-casting of magnesium alloy slab of different size, obtained interim achievement at the roll-casting of magnesium alloy technology.But domestic existing roll-casting of magnesium alloy technical research still is in the laboratory research stage of using the eve, and casting and rolling machine and auxiliary equipment all are referred from aluminium alloy casting equipment.Because magnesium alloy thermophysical property and aluminium alloy have than big-difference, aluminium alloy casting equipment is difficult to satisfy the roll-casting of magnesium alloy technological requirement.Therefore, the research and development of magnesium alloy specialty casting and rolling machine and auxiliary equipment become one of bottleneck of roll-casting of magnesium alloy process exploitation, press for and develop.
Magnesium and magnesium alloy chemical character are active; under molten condition, be easy to oxidation; in the fusion-casting process as can not adopt effective protection, purification and melt Conveying measure; then cause the melt field trash to increase; the melt metallurgical quality is lower; be used for casting or die casting and then may cause percent defective to increase, finally cause the wasting of resources and quality to reduce.The oxide-film that the magnesium alloy oxidation generates is very loose, is difficult to play the protective effect of secluding air; Simultaneously, in hot environment,, then burn easily if magnesium liquid oxidation reaction liberated heat can not in time distribute, exploding causes accident.So in magnesium alloy smelting, the casting process, its melt protecting, processing and delivery technology and device all should be easy to the oxidizing fire characteristic at it and carry out design and development.For the casting of magnesium alloy roll process, its melting, conveying device are even more important.At first, roll-casting of magnesium alloy technological requirement magnesium alloy fused mass feed flow and roll casting speed accurately mate, and then preceding case liquid level accurately is controlled at the certain altitude scope.Therefore, the magnesium alloy fused mass constant flow need be carried continuously, and more accurately be adjusted its flow size within the specific limits.Secondly, roll-casting of magnesium alloy technological requirement magnesium liquid melt is pure, and inclusion content is controlled at low scope.Therefore the melting conveying device also will be considered the requirement of melt treatment operation under the requirement of satisfying the stable and continuous conveying.In addition, magnesium alloy fused mass is oxidizing fire very easily, and its safeguard measure also should cause sufficient attention.
Magnesium alloy fused mass carries traditional mode to mainly contain: tilting machinery cooperates, utilizes modes such as chute transition of the liquid level discrepancy in elevation and mechanical pump extraction.For satisfying the requirement of magnesium alloy founding, the melt Conveying mode need meet the following conditions: 1, extract the pure magnesium liquid in crucible middle part; 2, constant flow is carried continuously; 3, need accurately to control melt flow and casting speed and be complementary, thereby accurately control liquid level; 4, take into full account requirements such as magnesium alloy fused mass is easy to condense, blocking pipe.Because magnesium alloy fused mass density is lower, less with the field trash density contrast, therefore field trash can slowly float or sinks down into crucible top or bottom in the magnesium alloy fused mass, when adopting modes such as tilting machinery or the transition of liquid level discrepancy in elevation chute to realize melt Conveying, can not effectively remove top scum silica frost and bottom sediment.Mechanical pump also is that present foundry enterprise is used more a kind of device, but this device preheating in early stage, later stage cleaning need in the flux stove of configuration, finish, increase equipment investment; In addition, metal pump carries stream relatively large, and very easily stops up.For satisfying the requirement of magnesium alloy founding, press for and develop magnesium alloy smelting, insulation and melt Conveying complexes, satisfy magnesium alloy fused mass protection in the casting-rolling technology, melting, leave standstill, the demand of cleaning molten and melt Conveying.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace is provided, prevent oxidation, the burning of magnesium alloy liquation in smelting process effectively, and, prepare products such as high-quality magnesium alloy slab, foundry goods in conjunction with roll-casting of magnesium alloy or other founding equipment.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, comprise the body of heater that has heat-insulation layer, place crucible, heating element heater, temperature measuring equipment and bell in the burner hearth, described body of heater comprises furnace shell and furnace lining, characteristics are: the position that described upper of furnace body cooperates with bell is provided with water-cooling flange, high temperature resistant fire-resistant packing material and silicone rubber O-ring are set in the water-cooling flange, logical recirculated cooling water in the water-cooling flange, bell is by hold-down mechanism and body of heater locking; Temperature thermocouple and protection gas input channel stretch in the stove from the jack of bell, and relief tube is housed on bell, and safety valve and air bleeding valve are equipped with in the top of relief tube; Pipette is introduced in the burner hearth through body of heater, and the distance of pipette inlet and crucible bottom is at 50~500mm.
Further, above-mentioned pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace is equipped with pressure instrumentation on the pipeline of described relief tube.
Further, above-mentioned pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, the material of described crucible is cast iron or heat resisting steel.
Again further, above-mentioned pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, described pipette place downward-sloping 5~30 ° of the outer level of approximation part of stove; Pipette places the outer part of stove to be provided with stay-warm case.
Again further, above-mentioned pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, described furnace lining are composite structured, are provided with refractory insulating layer and heat-insulation layer.
The substantive distinguishing features of technical solutions of the utility model and progressive being mainly reflected in:
(1) the utility model pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, melting in the magnesium alloy smelting process, insulation and melt Conveying are integrated, accurately control the magnesium alloy fused mass flow, extract the purer magnesium alloy fused mass in crucible middle part, realize the conveying of constant flow continuity, prevent oxidation, the burning of magnesium alloy liquation in smelting process effectively,, prepare high-quality magnesium alloy product in conjunction with magnesium alloy founding equipment;
(2) furnace shell is made by shaped steel and steel plate, makes underframe with channel-section steel, and inwall is welded with the steel plate that thickness is 10mm, and pressure-tight weld is all adopted in the furnace shell welding, when guaranteeing sealing property, has good looking appearance, advantages such as long service life; Furnace lining, furnace bottom adopt composite structured, are divided into refractory insulating layer and heat-insulation layer, and this kind form furnace lining long service life is easy to maintenance, good heat preservation performance, and the furnace wall temperature rise is low;
(3) heater element resistance alloy filament winding is made helical form and is shelved on putting on the brick in the burner hearth, and fixes with Tongue-and-groove brick, draws outside the body of heater by eduction rod to be connected and encapsulation process with power supply, and this heating is fixing reliable, and good insulating is safe and reliable; Heating is divided into I and II two districts, according to how much coming of feeding intake of crucible the inside regulates respectively, in order to avoid the waste energy;
(4) crucible adopts the heat resisting steel cast member, and the crucible centring ring that adopts heat resisting steel to make is housed in the burner hearth, makes crucible can clashing and breaking not put a brick, Tongue-and-groove brick and resistance wire in hoisting process; The shell of bell is made by steel plate, and inner bag adopts stainless steel to make, and the high-quality aluminium silicate wool is tamped in the centre, prevents that effectively bell from having influence on sealing because of temperature distortion;
(5) mode of employing bell and furnace sealing, rather than the mode that seals between bell and the crucible adopts exotic material and silicone rubber O-ring to realize the sealing of bell and body of heater, makes smelting furnace have good sealing property; Exotic material and silicone rubber O-ring are fixed on the water-cooling flange of upper of furnace body, are connected with recirculated cooling water in the water-cooling flange, to guarantee the service life of silicone rubber O-ring;
(6) pipeline that leads to low-voltage variation gas is housed on the bell, protects gas to prevent the oxidizing fire of liquid magnesium alloy in the stove to feed; The thermometric passage is housed on the bell, and the thermometric passage is used to install temperature thermocouple, detects the temperature in the stove, also can detect the temperature of liquid magnesium alloy in the stove, to determine the time of alloying, slag hitting, refining; The pipeline of logical high voltage protective gas is housed on the bell, goes out liquid magnesium alloy in the crucible to feed high voltage protective air pressure; A relief tube is housed on the bell, pressure instrumentation is housed on the relief tube,, guarantee that liquid magnesium alloy extrudes smoothly in stove with accurate measurement furnace pressure; Safety valve and air bleeding valve also are housed on the relief tube, guarantee the safety in utilization of stove;
(7) the pipette import is positioned on the crucible sediment, guarantees the degree of purity of the liquid magnesium alloy of extrusion; Pipette places the outer downward-sloping certain angle in lateral part of stove, flow out fully to guarantee the liquid magnesium alloy that extrudes in stove, and all the other liquid magnesium alloy refluxes; Pipette places the outer part of stove to need preheating insulation, causes solidifying and blocking pipe to prevent that liquid magnesium alloy temperature in transmission course from reducing.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical solutions of the utility model are described further:
Fig. 1: structural representation of the present utility model.
The implication of each Reference numeral sees the following form among the figure:
Reference numeral | Implication | Reference numeral | Implication | Reference numeral | Implication |
1 | Furnace shell | 2 | Furnace lining | 3 | Heating element heater |
4 | Crucible | 5 | Temperature measuring equipment | 6 | Protection gas feeder |
7 | Water-cooling flange | 8 | Bell | 9 | |
10 | The crucible centring ring | 11 | High temperature resistant fire- |
12 | Silicone rubber O- |
13 | Hold- |
14 | Protection |
15 | |
16 | |
17 | |
18 | |
19 | |
20 | Stay- |
21 | Mould |
The specific embodiment
The utility model provides a kind of novel pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, and the melting in the magnesium alloy smelting process, insulation and melt Conveying are integrated, and accurately controls the magnesium alloy fused mass flow, realizes the conveying of constant flow continuity.
As shown in Figure 1, pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, comprise the body of heater that has heat-insulation layer, place the crucible 4 in the burner hearth, heating element heater 3, temperature measuring equipment 5 and bell 8, body of heater comprises furnace shell 1 and furnace lining 2, the position that upper of furnace body cooperates with bell is provided with water-cooling flange 7, high temperature resistant fire-resistant packing material 11 and silicone rubber O-ring 12 are set in the water-cooling flange 7, high temperature resistant packing material 11 and silicone rubber O-ring 12 are realized the sealing of bell 8 and body of heater, logical recirculated cooling water in the water-cooling flange 7, bell 8 compresses by hold-down mechanism 13 and body of heater, and the withstand voltage area requirement of sealing reaches 0.01~0.2MPa (gauge pressure value) in the stove; Temperature thermocouple 15 and protection gas input channel 14 stretch in the stove from the jack of bell 8, jack passage and bell or body of heater junction adopt seal weld to handle, the fixing double nut that adopts of thermocouple, middle cushioning diaphragm seal screwing hermetic, protection gas input channel 14 accesses to protection gas feeder 6; Relief tube 16 is housed on bell 8, pressure instrumentation 17 is housed on the pipeline of relief tube 16, safety valve 18 and air bleeding valve 19 are equipped with in the top of relief tube 16; Pipette 9 is introduced in the burner hearth through body of heater, the distance of pipette inlet and crucible bottom is at 50~500mm, pipette 9 places the outer downward-sloping certain angle of level of approximation part of stove, sloping portion and horizontal line angular range are at 5~30 °, and pipette 9 places the outer part of stove to be provided with the stay-warm case 20 of liner heater wire.
Heating is divided into I district and II district, is respectively equipped with temperature measuring equipment 5 and is used for thermometric; Body of heater adopts composite structured, is divided into furnace wall refractory insulating layer, heat-insulation layer; Crucible 4 adopts cast iron or heat resisting steel material, and crucible centring ring 10 is housed in the burner hearth.The peripheral steel plate of furnace shell all adopts the pressure-tight weld welding, and the weld seam seal request is withstand voltage to reach 0.01~0.2MPa (gauge pressure value), connects the electrical lead terminal and adopts pressure-tight weld, and the lead-in wire end adopts refractory seals glue to handle; Integral sealing requires the withstand voltage 0.01~0.2MPa (gauge pressure value) that reaches.Pipette 9 places the outer part of stove to adopt the stay-warm case 20 of liner heater wire to come preheating insulation, and the preheating insulation temperature is controlled at 400~600 ℃ between the melting soak, and the control temperature is at 600~800 ℃ during melt Conveying.Body of heater adopts the totally-enclosed mode to seal; bell, furnace shell and thermometric air inlet and the equal encapsulation process of lead end; body of heater totally-enclosed encapsulation process; under the effect of positive pressure protection gas; can pass through the controlled pressure size; liquid magnesium alloy in the stove is forced in casting case or the casting ladle by pipette, carries out the subsequent technique operation.When melting, feed the melting of pressure-fired protective atmosphere; Treat fusing, refining, slag hitting and leave standstill to suitable temperature that melt Conveying is carried out in supercharging.Melting ﹠ holding furnace of the present utility model, melting, insulation and melt Conveying are integrated, can accurately control the magnesium alloy fused mass flow, extract the purer magnesium alloy fused mass in crucible middle part, realize the conveying of constant flow continuity, prevent oxidation, the burning of magnesium alloy, in conjunction with corresponding casting equipment, can prepare high-quality magnesium alloy product, install safe in utilization, easy and simple to handle.
During concrete the application; the furnace charge of oven dry is put into crucible 4; cover bell 8; power supply heats up to smelting furnace then; when charge-temperature reaches 400 ℃; in stove, pass to the hybrid protection gas of SF6, CO2 and dry air, mixed ratio 0.01~0.1%SF by protection gas feeder 6 by the protection gas input channel 14 on the bell 8
6+ 25~50%CO
2+ 50~75% dry air is protected magnesium alloy fused mass, prevents its burning.After magnesium alloy melts fully, detect melt temperature, when temperature all reaches 730 ℃~740 ℃, remove work bell 8, the magnesium alloy liquation is carried out Alloying Treatment by I district temperature measuring equipment, II district temperature measuring equipment.Magnesium alloy liquation alloying is carried out slag hitting, refining to the magnesium alloy liquation after finishing; Leave standstill 15~60min then; bell 8 fasteners are locked; guarantee sealing; pass to the high voltage protective gas of 300~1600L/H flow simultaneously; after bell 8 sealings to be sealed are finished; again the flow of high voltage protective gas is transferred big to suitable flow; just begin to build pressure in the stove; when furnace pressure gauge pressure value reaches 0.06MPa; magnesium alloy liquation in the stove can be pressed out in the mould 21 by pipette 9; the amount that extrudes the magnesium alloy liquation can be controlled by the flow of regulating high voltage protective gas, to adapt to different castings or roll casting speed requirement.
By adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, highlight following characteristics:
(1) furnace shell is made by shaped steel and steel plate, makes underframe with channel-section steel, and inwall is welded with the steel plate that thickness is 10mm, and pressure-tight weld is all adopted in the furnace shell welding, when guaranteeing sealing property, has good looking appearance, advantages such as long service life;
(2) furnace lining, furnace bottom adopt composite structuredly, are divided into refractory insulating layer and heat-insulation layer, and this kind form furnace lining long service life is easy to maintenance, good heat preservation performance, and the furnace wall temperature rise is low;
(3) heater element resistance alloy filament winding is made helical form and is shelved on putting on the brick in the burner hearth, and fixes with Tongue-and-groove brick, draws outside the body of heater by eduction rod to be connected and encapsulation process with power supply, and this heating is fixing reliable, and good insulating is safe and reliable; Heating is divided into I and II two districts, can regulate respectively according to how much coming of feeding intake of crucible the inside, in order to avoid the waste energy;
(4) crucible adopts the heat resisting steel cast member, and the crucible centring ring 10 that adopts heat resisting steel to make is housed in the burner hearth, makes crucible can clashing and breaking not put a brick, Tongue-and-groove brick and resistance wire in hoisting process;
(5) shell of bell is made by steel plate, and inner bag adopts stainless steel to make, and the high-quality aluminium silicate wool is tamped in the centre, prevents that effectively bell from having influence on sealing because of temperature distortion;
(6) mode of employing bell and furnace sealing, rather than the mode that seals between bell and the crucible adopts exotic material and silicone rubber O-ring to realize the sealing of bell and body of heater, makes smelting furnace have good sealing property;
(7) exotic material and silicone rubber O-ring are fixed on the water-cooling flange of upper of furnace body, are connected with recirculated cooling water in the water-cooling flange, to guarantee the service life of silicone rubber O-ring;
(8) pipeline that leads to low-voltage variation gas is housed on the bell, protects gas to prevent the oxidizing fire of liquid magnesium alloy in the stove to feed; The thermometric passage is housed on the bell, and the thermometric passage is used to install temperature thermocouple, detects the temperature in the stove, also can detect the temperature of liquid magnesium alloy in the stove, to determine the time of alloying, slag hitting, refining;
(9) pipeline of logical high voltage protective gas is housed on the bell, goes out liquid magnesium alloy in the crucible to feed high voltage protective air pressure; A relief tube is housed on the bell, pressure instrumentation is housed on the relief tube,, guarantee that liquid magnesium alloy extrudes smoothly in stove with accurate measurement furnace pressure; Safety valve and air bleeding valve also are housed on the relief tube, guarantee the safety in utilization of stove;
(10) the pipette import is positioned on the crucible sediment, guarantees the degree of purity of the liquid magnesium alloy of extrusion; Pipette places the outer downward-sloping certain angle in lateral part of stove, flow out fully to guarantee the liquid magnesium alloy that extrudes in stove, and all the other liquid magnesium alloy refluxes; Pipette places the outer part of stove to need preheating insulation, causes solidifying and blocking pipe to prevent that liquid magnesium alloy temperature in transmission course from reducing.
In sum, the pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace that the utility model is novel, melting in the magnesium alloy smelting process, insulation and melt Conveying are integrated, accurately control the magnesium alloy fused mass flow, extract the purer magnesium alloy fused mass in crucible middle part, realize the conveying of constant flow continuity, very prevent oxidation, the burning of magnesium alloy liquation in smelting process effectively, in conjunction with magnesium alloy founding equipment, prepare high-quality magnesium alloy product.
Below only be concrete exemplary applications of the present utility model, protection domain of the present utility model is not constituted any limitation.All employing equivalents or equivalence are replaced and the technical scheme of formation, all drop within the utility model rights protection scope.
Claims (6)
1. pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace, comprise the body of heater that has heat-insulation layer, place crucible (4), heating element heater (3), temperature measuring equipment (5) and bell (8) in the burner hearth, described body of heater comprises furnace shell (1) and furnace lining (2), it is characterized in that: the position that described upper of furnace body cooperates with bell is provided with water-cooling flange (7), high temperature resistant fire-resistant packing material (11) and silicone rubber O-ring (12) are set in the water-cooling flange (7), logical recirculated cooling water in the water-cooling flange (7), bell (8) is by hold-down mechanism (13) and body of heater locking; Temperature thermocouple (15) and protection gas input channel (14) stretch in the stove from the jack of bell (8), and relief tube (16) is housed on bell (8), and safety valve (18) and air bleeding valve (19) are equipped with in the top of relief tube (16); Pipette (9) is introduced in the burner hearth through body of heater, and the distance of pipette inlet and crucible bottom is at 50~500mm.
2. pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: pressure instrumentation (17) is housed on the pipeline of described relief tube (16).
3. pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of described crucible (4) is cast iron or heat resisting steel.
4. pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pipette (9) places downward-sloping 5~30 ° of the outer level of approximation part of stove.
5. pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described pipette (9) places the outer part of stove to be provided with stay-warm case (20).
6. pressure-flow-type magnesium alloy smelting heat insulating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described furnace lining is composite structured, is provided with refractory insulating layer and heat-insulation layer.
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CN2009202728450U CN201575697U (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2009-11-24 | Pressure-flow magnesium alloy smelting holding furnace |
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CN2009202728450U CN201575697U (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2009-11-24 | Pressure-flow magnesium alloy smelting holding furnace |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102735053A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-17 | 盐边县福川机械制造有限公司 | LF (low frequency) furnace device, and method for processing molten iron of blast furnace |
CN104613759A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-05-13 | 苏州新长光热能科技有限公司 | Immersed type heating magnesium smelting furnace |
CN109509712A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十八研究所 | A kind of Equipment for Heating Processing auxiliary oven door system |
-
2009
- 2009-11-24 CN CN2009202728450U patent/CN201575697U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102735053A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-17 | 盐边县福川机械制造有限公司 | LF (low frequency) furnace device, and method for processing molten iron of blast furnace |
CN104613759A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-05-13 | 苏州新长光热能科技有限公司 | Immersed type heating magnesium smelting furnace |
CN109509712A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十八研究所 | A kind of Equipment for Heating Processing auxiliary oven door system |
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Effective date of registration: 20170420 Address after: 471039 Henan Province, Luoyang high tech Development Zone middle Ling Road Patentee after: China Nonferrous Metals Processing Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: Suzhou City, Jiangsu province 215021 Industrial Park No. 200 Shen Hu Road Patentee before: Suzhou Non-ferrous Metal academy Co., Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20100908 |
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