CN201555778U - Multiscale large rock mass structural plane direct shear tester - Google Patents
Multiscale large rock mass structural plane direct shear tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN201555778U CN201555778U CN2009202017016U CN200920201701U CN201555778U CN 201555778 U CN201555778 U CN 201555778U CN 2009202017016 U CN2009202017016 U CN 2009202017016U CN 200920201701 U CN200920201701 U CN 200920201701U CN 201555778 U CN201555778 U CN 201555778U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a multiscale large rock mass structural surface direct shear tester which comprises a steel structural frame, a vertical loading system, a shearing loading system, a vertical displacement sensor, a shearing-direction displacement sensor and a sample, and also n bottom base plates and n side base plates, wherein the n bottom base plates are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom according to the size of area to form a bottom base plate assembly, the upper part of the bottom base plate assembly is contacted with the bottom surface of the lower-part sample when being stressed, the lower part of the bottom base plate assembly is contacted with the frame when being stressed, all the bottom base plates and the center of form of the upper sample and the lower sample are positioned on a same vertical straight line; the side base plates are arranged on the step between adjacent bottom base plates as well as the step between the bottommost bottom base plate and the frame, the top surfaces of the side base plates are positioned on a same plane which is lower than the structural surface between the upper sample and the lower sample; and the side base plate which is farthest away from the side surface of the lower sample is contacted with the frame when being stressed. The multiscale large rock mass structural plane direct shear tester can conduct shearing-resistant strength direct shear test on the structural surfaces with difference size scales.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, is applicable to the rock mass structural plane shearing strength mensuration that is of a size of 10cm～100cm.
Background technology
Definite method of rock mass structural plane shearing strength mainly contains direct shear test method, indoor model test method and empirical estimation etc. both at home and abroad at present.By direct shear test, comprehensively ask for the method for structural face shear strength in conjunction with the engineering geology survey data and used always by domestic rock mass mechanics worker.But there is size effect in rock mass structural plane shearing strength, and promptly along with the increase of structural plane size, there is the trend that reduces in its shearing strength.In order to obtain stable rock mass structural plane shearing strength, need carry out the shearing strength direct shear test to the rock mass discontinuity sample of different size.But the specimen size of the middle-size and small-size Instrument measuring rock mass structural plane shearing strength that present domestic rock mass discontinuity direct shear test is adopted is generally less than 50cm * 50cm, usually adopt the small size sample of 30cm * 30cm and 10cm * 10cm, and the direct shear apparatus that is adopted can only be used for single specimen size, therefore adopt existing rock mass structural plane shearing strength direct shear test instrument can not solve the problem of rock mass structural plane shearing strength size effect, also just can not obtain stable shearing strength mechanics parameter.
Because existing direct shear apparatus can not obtain stable shearing strength mechanics parameter, in the engineering in order to overcome the deficiency of existing instrument, just the shearing strength mechanics parameter that obtains artificially after the reduction (adopting 70% reduction coefficient usually) apply in the concrete engineering rock mass, this disposal route has two kinds of results: (1) is if the shearing strength mechanics parameter that obtains after the reduction as a result of single direct shear test is bigger than stable shearing strength mechanics parameter, the shearing strength mechanics parameter that obtains after the reduction is applied to the safety coefficient that can cause calculating in the engineering is higher than real engineering rock mass safety coefficient, thereby cause the generation of engineering accident.(2) if the shearing strength mechanics parameter that obtains after the reduction as a result of single direct shear test is littler than stable shearing strength mechanics parameter, the shearing strength mechanics parameter that obtains after the reduction is applied to the safety coefficient that the safety coefficient that can cause calculating in the engineering is lower than actual engineering rock mass, but in order to reach the safety coefficient of regulation and stipulation, just need administer rock mass engineering project, thereby cause engineering cost increase and cycle elongated, cause person property's waste.And the multiple dimensioned converting system of employing large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, can obtain the rock mass structural plane shearing strength mechanics parameter of different scale, thereby can obtain stable rock mass structural plane shearing strength mechanics parameter by Analysis of Size Effect, the gained test findings need not reduction and just can be applied directly in the concrete engineering, so the engineering rock mass safety coefficient that obtains is true and reliable, the advantage of have the accuracy height, being convenient to use is for the stability of rational evaluation engineering rock mass has played key effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to solve the shortcoming that existing direct shear test instrument can only be measured the rock mass structural plane shearing strength of single sample, the utility model provides a kind of multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument (or being called direct shear apparatus), utilize this equipment can carry out the structural face shear strength direct shear test of different scale, and then obtain the Changing Pattern and the stable threshold of structural face shear strength size effect.
For the technical scheme that solves the problems of the technologies described above proposition is:
A kind of multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, comprise steel structure frame, vertical loading system, shear loading system, the vertical displacement sensor, shearing displacement transducer and sample, described vertical loading system stretches into the end face of described steel structure frame, described vertical loading system is positioned at the top of described sample, described shearing loading system stretches into the side of described steel structure frame, described shearing loading system is positioned at the side of described sample, described sample comprises upper sample and lower sample, described upper sample is placed on the described lower sample, described direct shear test instrument also comprises n piece bottom pad plate and n piece side backing plate, wherein, n is a natural number, and 1≤n≤9, n piece bottom pad plate superposes successively from top to bottom according to the area size and forms the bottom pad plate assembly, the area on the top of described bottom pad plate assembly equals the area of the lower sample bottom surface of large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, the top of described bottom pad plate assembly and stressed contact the in described lower sample bottom surface, the bottom of bottom pad plate assembly contacts with described steel structure frame is stressed, each piece bottom pad plate and upper sample, the centre of form of lower sample is positioned on the same vertical straight line;
The side backing plate is positioned at the side of lower sample, on the bottom pad plate of the step between the described adjacent bottom pad plate, lowermost part and the step between the described framework, place described side backing plate, the width of described side backing plate is identical with the width of described step, the end face of each side backing plate is in the same plane, and described same plane is lower than the structural plane between upper sample and the lower sample; Contact with described steel structure frame is stressed apart from lower sample side side backing plate farthest.
Further, the width of the height of described bottom pad plate and side backing plate equates.
Further again, described apart from lower sample farthest the side backing plate and described steel structure frame between be provided with force transmitting board.
The utility model is a large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, as shown in Figure 1, this system is except comprising that (outer length * highly * width dimensions is 2.90m * 2.90m * 1m to steel structure frame, inner quiet space length * highly * width dimensions is 1.70m * 1.70m * 1m), (range is 375mm to vertical load cylinder, fluid top pressure 26.5MPa), (range is 375mm to the shearing load cylinder, fluid top pressure 26.5MPa), (range is 15mm to the vertical displacement sensor, precision is 1/1000mm), (range is 1000mm to the shearing displacement transducer, precision is 1/1000mm), (maximum load power is 1000KN to pressure transducer, precision is 1/100kN), hydraulic oil source, electric appliance control box, data collecting instrument, outside the conventional components such as TT﹠C software and computing machine, converting system (bottom pad plate and the side backing plate that can carry out multiple dimensioned sample direct shear test have been developed pointedly, in the accompanying drawing 1 11 and 12), purpose is the shear strength test that is implemented on the same direct shear apparatus different scale.The test principle of conventional equipment and direct shear apparatus can be with reference to relevant rules, teaching material and works.Emphasis of the present invention is that the multiple dimensioned converting system to large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument describes.
The particular content of the multiple dimensioned converting system of large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument is as follows:
(a) select bottom pad plate and side backing plate.According to the specimen size of structural face shear strength test, select the bottom pad plate and the side backing plate that match with sample.Structural plane at different size is elaborated below.
1. planar dimension is structural plane (width or the length of specimen height isostructure face of 10cm * 10cm, surplus same) need select size to distinguish 10cm * 10cm * 5cm (length when testing, surplus same), 20cm * 20cm * 5cm, 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm is totally 9 bottom pad plates and size 10cm * 8cm * 5cm (length * highly * width, surplus with) 20cm * 13cm * 5cm respectively, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm is totally 9 side backing plates.
2. planar dimension is that the structural plane test of 20cm * 20cm the time need be selected size 20cm * 20cm * 5cm respectively, 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 8 bottom pad plates and size is respectively 20cm * 13cm * 5cm, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm is totally 8 side backing plates.
3. planar dimension is that the structural plane test of 30cm * 30cm the time need be selected size 30cm * 30cm * 5cm respectively, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 7 bottom pad plates and size is respectively 30cm * 18cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm is totally 7 side backing plates.
4. planar dimension be the structural plane test of 40cm * 40cm the time need select size respectively 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 6 bottom pad plates and size are respectively 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm totally 6 side backing plates.
5. planar dimension be the structural plane test of 50cm * 50cm the time need select size respectively 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 5 bottom pad plates and size are respectively 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm totally 5 side backing plates.
6. planar dimension be the structural plane test of 60cm * 60cm the time need select size respectively 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 4 bottom pad plates and size are respectively 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm totally 4 side backing plates.
7. planar dimension be the structural plane test of 70cm * 70cm the time need select size respectively 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 3 bottom pad plates and size are respectively 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm totally 3 side backing plates.
8. planar dimension be the structural plane test of 80cm * 80cm the time need select size respectively 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 2 bottom pad plates and size are respectively 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm totally 2 side backing plates.
9. planar dimension is that the structural plane test of 90cm * 90cm the time need be selected size 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 1 bottom pad plate and be of a size of 90cm * 48cm * 5cm totally 1 side backing plate.
10. planar dimension is that the structural plane test of 100cm * 100cm the time need not to select for use the end and side backing plate.
(b) bottom pad plate is installed.The sample bottom pad plate of choosing is installed according to first big after small principle according to the size of different backing plates, and the centre of form that will guarantee bottom pad plate in the installation process is on same vertical straight line.Structural plane at different size is elaborated below.
1. planar dimension is that (big bottom pad plate is down for need be on the outside horizontal platform of the steel frame descending order of the structural plane of 10cm * 10cm, little bottom pad plate is last, surplus same) 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, 20cm * 20cm * 5cm, 10cm * 10cm * 5cm totally 9 bottom pad plates are installed, the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
2. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 20cm * 20cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, 20cm * 20cm * 5cm totally 8 bottom pad plates on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame, and the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
3. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 30cm * 30cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 30cm * 30cm * 5cm totally 7 bottom pad plates on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame, and the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
4. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 40cm * 40cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm totally 6 bottom pad plates on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame, and the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
5. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 50cm * 50cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm totally 5 bottom pad plates on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame, and the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
6. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 60cm * 60cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm totally 4 bottom pad plates on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame, and the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
7. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 70cm * 70cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm totally 3 bottom pad plates on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame, and the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
8. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 80cm * 80cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm totally 2 bottom pad plates on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame, and the centre of form that requires all bottom pad plates is on same vertical straight line.
9. planar dimension is the structural plane of 90cm * 90cm need be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame 1 bottom pad plate.
10. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 100cm * 100cm need not to use bottom pad plate, is placed directly in outside horizontal platform.
(c) sample is installed.The sample that is used for joint straight shear test is placed on mounted bottom pad plate, and the centre of form that will guarantee equally the centre of form of sample and all mounted bottom pad plates of its underpart in the process of installing is on same vertical straight line.Structural plane at different size is elaborated below.
1. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 10cm * 10cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 10cm * 10cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
2. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 20cm * 20cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 20cm * 20cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
3. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 30cm * 30cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
4. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 40cm * 40cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 40cm * 4cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
5. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 50cm * 50cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
6. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 60cm * 60cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
7. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 70cm * 70cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
8. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 80cm * 80cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
9. planar dimension is that the structural fece sample of 90cm * 90cm is placed on the bottom pad plate that is of a size of 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, and the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form and bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
10. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 100cm * 100cm directly can get final product on the outside horizontal platform of steel frame.
(d) mobile bottom pad plate and sample.Utilize the horizontal hydraulic pressure system of large-scale direct shear apparatus, mounted sample and bottom pad plate are moved on to the inside of large-scale direct shear apparatus, in moving process, guaranteeing that sample and bottom pad plate are whole moves, and the central shaft that moves the centre of form of the good sample centre of form, backing plate and vertical loading system (vertical oil cylinder) is on same vertical straight line.
(e) installation side backing plate.The sample side backing plate of choosing is installed according to first big after small principle according to the size of different backing plates, and the upper surface that will guarantee the side backing plate in the installation process is on same surface level.Structural plane at different size is elaborated below.
1. planar dimension be 10cm * 10cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm, 20cm * 13cm * 5cm, 10cm * 8cm * 5cm totally 9 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
2. planar dimension be 20cm * 20cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm, 20cm * 13cm * 5cm totally 8 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
3. planar dimension be 30cm * 30cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm totally 7 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
4. planar dimension be 40cm * 40cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm totally 6 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
5. planar dimension be 50cm * 50cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm totally 5 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
6. planar dimension be 60cm * 60cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm totally 4 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
7. planar dimension be 70cm * 70cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm totally 3 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
8. planar dimension be 80cm * 80cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm totally 2 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
9. planar dimension be 90cm * 90cm structural plane need (big side backing plate be on the right side in the descending order in left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm totally 1 side backing plate is installed, the upper surface that requires side backing plate and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
10. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 100cm * 100cm does not need the side backing plate, directly sample is abutted against on the force transmitting board.
(f) fine setting and calibration.The installation accuracy of calibration sample and backing plate, and utilize the hydraulic pressure actuating system to carry out part adjustment.
(g) after direct shear test is finished, sample, bottom pad plate and side backing plate are moved on on the horizontal platform from steel frame inside together, and then remove the side backing plate according to descending order (big side backing plate is on the right side, and little bottom pad plate is on a left side, and is surplus same).Structural plane at different size is elaborated below.
1. planar dimension is that (big side backing plate is on the right side according to descending order for the structural plane of 10cm * 10cm, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus with) remove 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm, 20cm * 13cm * 5cm, 10cm * 8cm * 5cm totally 9 side backing plates.
2. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 20cm * 20cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm, 20cm * 13cm * 5cm totally 8 side backing plates according to descending order.
3. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 30cm * 30cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm, 30cm * 18cm * 5cm totally 7 side backing plates according to descending order.
4. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 40cm * 40cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 40cm * 23cm * 5cm totally 6 side backing plates according to descending order.
5. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 50cm * 50cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm totally 5 side backing plates according to descending order.
6. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 60cm * 60cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm totally 4 side backing plates according to descending order.
7. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 70cm * 70cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm totally 3 side backing plates according to descending order.
8. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 80cm * 80cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm totally 2 side backing plates according to descending order.
9. planar dimension is the side backing plate that the structural plane of 90cm * 90cm is removed 90cm * 48cm * 5cm.
10. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 100cm * 100cm is not because need the side backing plate, so need not to move backing plate.
(h) remove sample.The sample of finishing joint straight shear test is removed from bottom pad plate.
(i) remove bottom pad plate at last, remove bottom pad plate according to ascending order (big bottom pad plate is last, and little bottom pad plate is descending, and is surplus same).Structural plane at different size is elaborated below.
1. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 10cm * 10cm is removed 10cm * 10cm * 5cm, 20cm * 20cm * 5cm, 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 9 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.
2. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 20cm * 20cm is removed 20cm * 20cm * 5cm, 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 8 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.
3. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 30cm * 30cm is removed 30cm * 30cm * 5cm, 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 7 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.
4. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 40cm * 40cm is removed 40cm * 40cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 6 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.
5. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 50cm * 50cm is removed 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 5 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.
6. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 60cm * 60cm is removed 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 4 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.
7. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 70cm * 70cm is removed 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 3 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.
8. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 80cm * 80cm is removed 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 2 bottom pad plates according to ascending order.。
9. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 90cm * 90cm is removed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm totally 1 bottom pad plate according to ascending order.。
10. planar dimension is that the structural plane of 100cm * 100cm is not because need bottom pad plate, so need not to move backing plate.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: compared with prior art, that the present invention can realize on same direct shear test instrument the is multiple dimensioned (joint straight shear test of the rock mass sample of 10cm * 10cm-100cm * 100cm).Utilize the test findings of this multiple dimensioned rock structural face staight scissors instrument can analyze the size effect of rock mass structural plane shearing strength, just can obtain stable shearing strength threshold value, be that reduction just can be applied directly in the actual rock mass engineering project so multiple dimensioned test findings does not need the people.The present invention can be widely used in aspects such as traffic, building, water conservancy, mine, engineering geology, has very big implementary value and favorable social and economic benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument and multiple dimensioned converting system sectional view, wherein, and the 1-framework; 2-shears loading system (shearing oil cylinder and pressure transducer); The hydraulic jack of 3-sample correction position; The vertical loading system of 4-(vertical oil cylinder and pressure transducer); 5-top backing plate; 6-roller bearing row; 7 bottom backing plates; 8-measures punctuate; Table is surveyed in the 9-displacement; The 10-force transmitting board; The sample bottom pad plate of 11-different size; The sample side backing plate of 12-different size; 13-rock mass sample; The structural plane (being cut face) of 14-rock mass sample; The axis of symmetry of the vertical oil hydraulic system of 15-; 16-horizontal platform plate; Guide groove in the 17-horizontal platform plate; 18-horizontal hydraulic pressure system.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument and multiple dimensioned converting system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is described further.
See figures.1.and.2, a kind of multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, comprise steel structure frame 1, vertical loading system 4, shear loading system 2, the vertical displacement sensor, shearing displacement transducer and sample 13, described vertical loading system 4 stretches into the end face of described steel structure frame, described vertical loading system 4 is positioned at the top of described sample, described shearing loading system 2 stretches into the side of described steel structure frame, described shearing loading system 2 is positioned at the side of described sample, described sample 12 comprises upper sample and lower sample, described upper sample is placed on the described lower sample, described direct shear test instrument also comprises n piece bottom pad plate 11 and n piece side backing plate 12, wherein, n is a natural number, and 1≤n≤9, n piece bottom pad plate superposes successively from top to bottom according to the area size and forms the bottom pad plate assembly, the area on the top of described bottom pad plate assembly equals the area of the lower sample bottom surface of large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, the top of described bottom pad plate assembly and stressed contact the in described lower sample bottom surface, the bottom of bottom pad plate assembly contacts with described steel structure frame is stressed, each piece bottom pad plate and upper sample, the centre of form of lower sample is positioned on the same vertical straight line;
The width of the height of described bottom pad plate 11 and side backing plate 12 equates.Further again, described apart from lower sample farthest side backing plate 12 and described steel structure frame 1 between be provided with force transmitting board 10.
For the operating process of multiple dimensioned sample that multiple dimensioned large-scale direct shear apparatus is described, present embodiment is that example describes its multiple dimensioned converting system with the sample structure face of planar dimension 50cm * 50cm.
(1) selects bottom pad plate and side backing plate
Because the sample that is adopted is the structural plane of 50cm * 50cm, therefore need to select each 5 on bottom pad plate and side backing plate.The size of 5 bottom pad plates: 50cm * 50cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 90cm * 90cm * 5cm.The size of 5 side backing plates is 50cm * 28cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 90cm * 48cm * 5cm.
(2) bottom pad plate is installed.
Planar dimension is that the structural plane of 50cm * 50cm need descending order be installed 90cm * 90cm * 5cm, 80cm * 80cm * 5cm, 70cm * 70cm * 5cm, 60cm * 60cm * 5cm, 50cm * 50cm * 5cm totally 5 bottom pad plates on the bottom of steel frame inner space, and the centre of form that requires bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.
(3) sample is installed
Carry out the installation of 50cm * 50cm * 25cm (upper lower burrs, totally 2) sample on the bottom pad plate in the top, the centre of form that requires the sample centre of form, bottom pad plate is on same vertical straight line.The upper lower burrs of claimed structure face fits like a glove.
(4) mobile bottom pad plate and sample
Mounted bottom pad plate and sample under the effect of horizontal hydraulic pressure actuating system, are moved on within the direct shear apparatus main frame, and the centre of form of requirement and vertical compression system is on same vertical curve.
(5) installation side backing plate
After bottom pad plate and sample move on to the position, (big side backing plate is on the right side for descending order on the left side of the force transmitting board of steel frame inner space, little bottom pad plate is on a left side, surplus same) 90cm * 48cm * 5cm, 80cm * 43cm * 5cm, 70cm * 38cm * 5cm, 60cm * 33cm * 5cm, 50cm * 28cm * 5cm totally 5 side backing plates are installed, the upper surface that requires all side backing plates and force transmitting board is on same surface level.
(6) bottom pad plate, sample and the installation of side backing plate
Structural plane is of a size of the sample of 50cm * 50cm, needs 5 bottom pad plates and 5 side backing plates when carrying out direct shear test altogether.
(7) structural plane is carried out direct shear test up to this structural fece sample generation shear failure, structural plane upper lower burrs this moment (being the upper sample and the lower sample of structural plane model) takes place than big shearing.
(8) sample, bottom pad plate and side backing plate after destroying are shifted out;
(9) according to descending order the side backing plate is removed.
(10) sample after destroying is removed.
(11) according to ascending order bottom pad plate is removed.
Claims (12)
1. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, comprise steel structure frame, vertical loading system, shear loading system, the vertical displacement sensor, shearing displacement transducer and sample, described vertical loading system stretches into the end face of described steel structure frame, described vertical loading system is positioned at the top of described sample, described shearing loading system stretches into the side of described steel structure frame, described shearing loading system is positioned at the side of described sample, described sample comprises upper sample and lower sample, described upper sample is placed on the described lower sample, it is characterized in that: described direct shear test instrument also comprises n piece bottom pad plate and n piece side backing plate, wherein, n is a natural number, and 1≤n≤9, n piece bottom pad plate superposes successively from top to bottom according to the area size and forms the bottom pad plate assembly, the area on the top of described bottom pad plate assembly equals the area of the lower sample bottom surface of large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument, the top of described bottom pad plate assembly and stressed contact the in described lower sample bottom surface, the bottom of bottom pad plate assembly contacts with described steel structure frame is stressed, each piece bottom pad plate and upper sample, the centre of form of lower sample is positioned on the same vertical straight line;
The side backing plate is positioned at the side of lower sample, on the bottom pad plate of the step between the described adjacent bottom pad plate, lowermost part and the step between the described framework, place described side backing plate, the width of described side backing plate is identical with the width of described step, the end face of each side backing plate is in the same plane, and described same plane is lower than the structural plane between upper sample and the lower sample; Contact with described steel structure frame is stressed apart from lower sample side side backing plate farthest.
2. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the width of the height of described bottom pad plate and side backing plate equates.
3. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described apart from lower sample farthest the side backing plate and described steel structure frame between be provided with force transmitting board.
4. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of sample is 10cm * 10cm, n=9, the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 10cm * 10cm, 20cm * 20cm, 30cm * 30cm, 40cm * 40cm, 50cm * 50cm, 60cm * 60cm, 70cm * 70cm, 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
5. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 20cm * 20cm, n=8, the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 20cm * 20cm, 30cm * 30cm, 40cm * 40cm, 50cm * 50cm, 60cm * 60cm, 70cm * 70cm, 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
6. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 30cm * 30cm, n=7, the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 30cm * 30cm, 40cm * 40cm, 50cm * 50cm, 60cm * 60cm, 70cm * 70cm, 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
7. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 40cm * 40cm, n=6, the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 40cm * 40cm, 50cm * 50cm, 60cm * 60cm, 70cm * 70cm, 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
8. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 50cm * 50cm, n=5, the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 50cm * 50cm, 60cm * 60cm, 70cm * 70cm, 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
9. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 60cm * 60cm, n=4, the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 60cm * 60cm, 70cm * 70cm, 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
10. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 70cm * 70cm, n=3, the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 70cm * 70cm, 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
11. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 80cm * 80cm, n=2, and the xsect of each bottom pad plate is respectively: 80cm * 80cm and 90cm * 90cm.
12. multiple dimensioned large-sized rock mass joint straight shear test instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of described sample is 90cm * 90cm, n=1, and the xsect of bottom pad plate is: 90cm * 90cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009202017016U CN201555778U (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Multiscale large rock mass structural plane direct shear tester |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009202017016U CN201555778U (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Multiscale large rock mass structural plane direct shear tester |
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| CN201555778U true CN201555778U (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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| CN2009202017016U Expired - Fee Related CN201555778U (en) | 2009-12-01 | 2009-12-01 | Multiscale large rock mass structural plane direct shear tester |
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| CN102749046A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2012-10-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method for measuring shearing area of rock structral plane in direct shear test |
| CN102830022A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-12-19 | 四川大学 | Multi-functional mechanical property tester of rock |
| CN103344510A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-09 | 绍兴文理学院 | Method for testing shearing strength size effect of structural surface based on multiple direct shear testers |
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| CN104749049B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-11-17 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of rock mass discontinuity shearing test method and device |
| CN104749049A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-07-01 | 武汉理工大学 | Rock mass structural surface shear test method and device |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20100818 Termination date: 20101201 |