CN201338158Y - Production equipment for ultra-long welded rail - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses production equipment for ultra-long welded rail, which is characterized in that a laser surface hardening treatment procedure is added to the production process of ultra-long welded rail in prior art and the steel rails are processed with laser hardening treatment in full length. A laser surface hardening treatment system is embedded into ultra-long welded rail production equipment in prior art to construct production equipment capable of producing ultra-long welded rails with high wear-resistant laser hardened layer. When rail segment passes through the laser surface hardening treatment station, the tread surface, upper round angle and lateral surfaces of single rail segment are processed with laser surface hardening treatment according to designed pattern by dual-laser machining heads through rapid motion or swinging scanning method under high laser power; finally, dot-shaped, straight line shaped, curved-shaped or planar high wear-resistant hardened layer with required width or depth is machined on the surface of the integral long welded rail. The production equipment for ultra-long welded rail greatly improve the surface wear resistance and service life of steel rail on the premise that the integral good flexibility of steel rail is maintained; meanwhile, the rail replacement times is reduced and the high wear resistance requirements on railway high-speed and heavy load trains are satisfied.

Description

A kind of production equipment of overlength welded rails

Technical field

The utility model belongs to railway special equipment technical field, particularly a kind of production equipment of overlength welded rails.The utility model utilizes the laser surface toughening technology that the overlength welded rails is carried out laser treatment, new rail after the processing can increase substantially case hardness and wearability, simultaneously can make the toughness and tenacity of rail integral body constant substantially, the life-cycle life cycle that can prolong rail significantly.

Background technology

Since railway was realized the sixth time speed-raising and started four vertical four horizontal high-speed railway backbone construction projects, high-speed, the high axle of China Railway industry forward was heavy, large conveying quantity and high vehicle density direction develop.Because at a high speed, heavy haul train is higher to running stability, the security requirement of train, and the raising of Locomotive Axle Load, the speed of service and intensity will further aggravate the degree of rail head of rail wearing and tearing and fatigue damage, rail is shortened dramatically service life, the maintenance and the train operating safety of rail face a severe challenge, and become the bottleneck that the rail transport ability further improves in restriction China.Up to now, also do not have effective way can effectively reduce track wearing and tearing, improve wearability, the general directly mode of replacing rail that adopts, expense height not only, and influence the normal operation of train, cause the railway operation cost significantly to increase.It is surprising with regard to quantity only to be that railway department is used to change track switch part critical piece (as tongue, guard rail, stock rail, frog) involved rail material expense, labour cost every year, add replacing main track, bend and the direct economic loss that other part caused, influence the indirect economic loss that the train transportation causes the capacity deficiency to be brought with keeping in repair because of railway, it is worth especially up to tens billion of yuans.Along with China's high speed, the development of heavy haul train and the prolongation of railway operating kilometrage, this loss also will increase fast.Therefore, how further to improve the rail wearability, prolong its life-cycle life cycle, become one of essential and key point of train high-speed secure operation.

In order to improve the service life of railway rail, generally take four kinds of methods both at home and abroad: the first, immediate quenching technology; The second, the induction full length quenching; The 3rd, replace common straightcarbon steel with low-alloy high-carbon steel; The 4th, replace high-carbon steel with bainitic steel or low-carbon martensitic steels, further improve the case hardness of rail and obdurability etc.Preceding two kinds of technologies belong to transformation hardening, and main target is to obtain the fine pearlite tissue, improves the case hardness of rail.Its main weak point is that martensite can not appear in the surface of rail, otherwise will reduce the fracture toughness of rail significantly, causes rail to occur accidents such as disconnected rail under arms in the process, badly influences the safe operation of railway.Therefore, rail hardness generally was controlled at below the HV390 after immediate quenching and induction total length were quenched, and the excavation of its wearability potentiality is near the limit.The low-alloy high-carbon steel rail combines with the total length quenching technology, can further improve the rail wearability, but effect is not remarkable.Low-carbon martensite rail and bainite rail still are in development.Because rail hardness can not be too high, so the hardness of wheel also can't improve, otherwise can the major injury rail, causes bigger economic loss.So the key of raising rail, wheel wearability is to improve the hardness of rail and does not damage its overall flexibility.

Because it is limited that the technology path that improves the intensity of rail and toughness by existing integral body improves the amplitude of rail wearability up to now, therefore this project inventor has proposed the employing laser surface hardening technology before this and has improved the rail case hardness, keeps the constant substantially technology path of rail base material toughness simultaneously.Laser surface hardening technology is that recent two decades develops one of metal material surface strengthening technologies very rapidly, it comprises technologies such as laser phase-change quenching, consolidation quenching, surface alloying and surface cladding technology, and its common feature is that firing rate is fast, the heat affected area is little, workpiece deformation is little.Because this technology can be under the prerequisite that does not influence rail bulk strength and toughness, its case hardness is reached more than the Hv800, overcome the bottleneck that immediate quenching and induction full length quenching are difficult to take into account surface abrasion resistance and overall flexibility, therefore be expected to become the surface intensified technique of new generation of rail.We prove the achievement in research in early stage, because firing rate height, the cooling velocity of laser surface hardening technology are fast, case depth generally presents characteristics such as compressive stress state at 1mm with interior and hardened layer, even martensitic structure appears in the rail surface, can therefore not cause the obdurability of rail significantly to descend yet.Particularly importantly because the hardness of martensitic structure is significantly higher than the fine pearlite tissue, the rail case hardness can not be higher than the upper limit of Hv390 in the time of therefore can breaking through the induction full length quenching, makes the surface abrasion resistance of rail reach a new high.In addition, characteristics such as laser surface hardening technology has the case depth conveniently regulating and controlling, does not need hardening media, do not need tempering, workpiece deformation is little are fit to that very rail is carried out surface toughening and handle.

2008, " a kind of online laser process equipment that is used for the processing of rail surface toughening " (application number: 200820191385.4) introduced the process that a kind of canbe used on line rail surface toughening is handled of the applicant's application, it can be finished the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening of existing line rail and handle under the prerequisite of not dismantling rail.But, when adopting the process of above-mentioned online Strengthening and Toughening, laser enhancement and toughening equipment belongs to separate unit and independently carries out the Strengthening and Toughening processing, working (machining) efficiency is relatively low, be fit to the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening and the repair process requirement of existing line highway section rail more, when producing in batches for new rail for the engineering demand of surface toughening adaptability on the weak side.

At present, railroad generally adopts the direct laying of overlength weldering rail when laying new rail both at home and abroad, is 500 meters disposable being laid on the road surface of track usually with length when for example variation route is laid now by China, has improved railway greatly and has laid speed.These superlong steel rails are to adopt solder technology the rail welding of the shorter length of plurality of sections together, have replaced traditional bolt connecting mode.When laying new rail, the present general method is will be welded into 100 meters, 200 meters lengthening rail from the certain-length rail rail section that steel mill dispatches from the factory at special workshop both at home and abroad, even reach 500 meters superlong steel rail, then overlength being welded rail links to each other with sleeper and becomes the overlength track, after adopting special-purpose train to transport to the scene that constructs a railway or switch tracks, directly realize that integral body lays a railway track, again overlength weldering rail is welded to one another at last or screw is fixed, form railway track.Impact wear when replacing sharpest edges that bolt connects rail and be to reduce train wheel by rail joint with overlength weldering rail, and make the train operation noise reduce significantly, the comfort level of taking passenger vehicle increases greatly.But the direct difficult problem that the superlong steel rail after the welding brings is that the complexity when changing rail increases, and consuming time and correlative charges all can increase considerably.

Therefore, if laser surface hardening technology and equipment can be applied on the production equipment of long welding steel rail, directly produce and have high-wearing feature and long-life superlong steel rail, can increase substantially the service life of rail, prolong and switch tracks the cycle, security of operation guarantee to high speed, heavy haul train is very favourable, and can save a large amount of maintenance costs.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of production equipment of overlength welded rails, the utility model can be finished steel rail welding, laser surface strength-toughening technique on a production equipment simultaneously, after making that the surface of welding rail is handled through laser enhancement and toughening, under the prerequisite that keeps the whole good obdurability of rail, increase substantially the surface abrasion resistance and the service life of rail, reduce the number of times that switches tracks, satisfy the high-wearing feature requirement of railway high speed, heavy haul train rail.

The production equipment of the overlength welded rails that the utility model provides, the production line that this production equipment constituted comprises conveying roller, rail straghtener, oxide skin remover, bonding machine, tempering and normalizing device, weld seam straightener, sander and nondestructiving inspecting test device successively, it is characterized in that: also be provided with laser surface intensified treatment system behind the station of bonding machine.

A kind of preferred version of above-mentioned production equipment is: laser surface intensified treatment system comprises first, second laser surface intensified processing subsystem, the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem is between bonding machine and tempering and normalizing device, form by the laser surface intensified treating apparatus that is evenly arranged in single rail section both sides, be used for the non-welded seam area of single rail section is carried out laser surface intensified processing; The second laser surface intensified processing subsystem is positioned at after the station of nondestructiving inspecting test device, is used for the welded seam area of long welding steel rail is carried out laser surface intensified processing.The another kind of preferred version of above-mentioned production equipment is: described laser surface intensified treatment system is made up of many laser surface intensified treating apparatus that are evenly arranged in long welding steel rail both sides, is used for carrying out laser surface intensified processing to long welding steel rail total length is disposable.

The preferred version of laser surface intensified treating apparatus is in the above-mentioned production equipment: it comprises laser instrument, laser process machine, beam Propagation system and control system; The rotary laser processing head is installed on the laser process machine, and laser instrument transfers to the rotary laser processing head by the beam Propagation system with laser beam, and control system is connected by control line with laser process machine with laser instrument.

In the above-mentioned laser surface intensified treating apparatus, laser process machine can adopt following preferred scheme again: two rotary laser processing heads are installed on the laser process machine, laser process machine adopts a kind of in following three kinds of structures, the first: the track pedestal of laser process machine is installed in the jib foot of track support in the mode of hanging by the feet, the X-axis of workbench is installed on the track of track pedestal bottom, and the Y-axis of workbench is vertically mounted on the X-axis bottom of workbench in the mode of hanging by the feet; The Z axle of workbench is made of two light tubes on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench at interval; Two rotary laser processing heads are connected with two light tubes respectively.It two is: laser process machine comprises two parallel track pedestals, and the X-axis of two workbench is installed in respectively on the track pedestal, and the Y-axis of workbench is across on the X-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench; The Z axle of workbench is made of two light tubes on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench at interval; Two rotary laser processing heads are connected with two light tubes respectively.It three is: the structure of laser process machine is: the X-axis of workbench is fixed on the track of track pedestal, and the Y-axis of workbench is vertically mounted on the X-axis of workbench; The Z axle of workbench is made of two light tubes on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench at interval; Two rotary laser processing heads are connected with two light tubes respectively.

The utility model embeds laser surface intensified treatment system in the conventional overlength weldering rail production equipment, and formation can be produced the overlength weldering rail production equipment of high abrasion laser reinforcing layer.When the laser surface intensified treatment system of rail section process, under high laser power, the method of utilizing two laser Machining head rapid movements or oscillatory scanning according to the pattern of design simultaneously to the tread of single rail section or whole long weldering rail, go up fillet and laser surface intensified processing is carried out in the side, the final point-like that obtains the required width and the degree of depth on the surface of whole long welding steel rail, linearity (horizontal line or oblique line), curve-like, netted or plane high abrasion Strengthening and Toughening layer.Particularly, the utlity model has following characteristics or function:

(1) with both at home and abroad existing (500 meters) overlength welding steel rail production equipment is compatible fully, utilize the space of existing factory building just can increase the laser reinforcing treatment process, under the prerequisite that keeps existing production efficiency, can produce high abrasion overlength weldering rail in enormous quantities continuously through laser surface intensified processing.

(2) laser surface intensified treating apparatus is rationally distributed, and speed of production and beat when automaticity height, surface toughening technological parameter can be according to long rail welding decide, and flexibility is strong, and parameter modification is convenient, and technical process is easy to grasp and operates.

(3) applicability of laser surface Strengthening and Toughening treatment technology is strong, is fit to China and international 50kg/m, the rail of all sizes such as 60kg/m and 75kg/m and various steel rail material.

(4) adopt flight light path or Optical Fiber Transmission laser, and the Machine Tool design of two laser Machining heads, by selecting suitable laser surface strength-toughening technique parameter, can handle the tread of rail, last fillet and side simultaneously.

(5) laser surface intensified back rail case hardness height can form different sclerosis figures according to designing requirement, and the degree of depth of hardened layer and distribution situation can be by programme-control, and can not produce obviously the degree of disturbing of rail and overall mechanical properties influences.Therefore, can on the basis that keeps the whole obdurability of rail, significantly improve its case hardness, thereby can improve the service life of rail significantly, reduce the railway number of times that switches tracks in use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is first kind of implementation of the laser surface intensified production equipment of overlength welded rails;

Fig. 2 is first kind of specific implementation of the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem;

Fig. 3 is first kind of specific implementation of the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem;

Fig. 4 is first kind of specific implementation of overlength welded rails laser process machine;

Fig. 5 is second kind of specific implementation of overlength welded rails laser process machine;

Fig. 6 is the third specific implementation of overlength welded rails laser process machine;

Fig. 7 is second kind of implementation of the laser surface intensified production equipment of overlength welded rails.

The specific embodiment

The production method of existing overlength weldering rail generally includes aligning, scale removal, welding, tempering and normalizing, weld seam aligning, smooth and nondestructive inspection operation both at home and abroad, and the utility model method is in welding sequence or behind the welding sequence rail to be carried out the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening to handle.Laser surface Strengthening and Toughening treatment process is carried out after arbitrary operation of whole production technology in principle, but in order rationally to utilize the factory building space of existing overlength welding steel rail production equipment, do not reduce simultaneously the productive temp and the efficient of existing overlength weldering rail production equipment, adopt following two kinds of modes to carry out at last:

The first: the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening is handled and is divided two stages to carry out, phase I is in rail welding, carry out the processing of laser surface Strengthening and Toughening to removing the extra-regional part of welding point, second stage is after the nondestructive inspection operation, the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening is carried out in the welding point zone of qualified rail handle.

It two is: after the nondestructive inspection operation, the total length of qualified rail is carried out the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening handle.

Generally speaking, the production procedure of existing overlength weldering rail both at home and abroad is: the rail of stock size length arrives straightener through delivery track, be transported to oxide skin remover scale removal behind the steel rail straightening, by conveyer table rail being transported to flash welding meets sb. at the airport and welds, rail after the welding is transported to induction tempering equipment station, the welding joint area is carried out tempering, eliminate residual stress; By air-cooled pressure cooling, make that joint area is a normalized structure, keeps enough intensity and hardness simultaneously; Afterwards, align at weld seam position to long rail, adopt automatic sander that the protrusion position of welding point is polished flat then, make welding point position and rail surface be in formation state, pass through the nondestructiving inspecting test district at last, whether check welding point and heat affected area exist metallurgical imperfections such as pore, crackle.If no, then can be used as the finished product of superlong steel rail dispatches from the factory, puts in storage; If defectiveness then adopts sawing machine that joint area is amputated, return the welding sequence of front and reweld.

In above-mentioned overlength weldering rail production equipment, the laser surface strength-toughening technique be embedded, and not reduce productive temp and efficient, do not elongate equipment, the factory building of production equipment and arrange very important.First kind of implementation of the present utility model is to divide two sections settings with laser surface Strengthening and Toughening treatment process.First section, be right after in the rear end of rail welding station, mainly finish the laser enhancement and toughening in zone outside the rail two ends and handle.The main cause of selecting this operation to carry out the laser enhancement and toughening processing is, rail is when welding sequence, substantially remain static, help simplifying the technical process that laser enhancement and toughening is handled, and do not need to increase extra process time because laser enhancement and toughening is handled.But,, can't carry out laser treatment because the rail section temperature near joint area is higher in the welding process, and is in the protective cover.Therefore, the utility model is behind welding point Non-Destructive Testing station, increase a station, carry out the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening at the steel rail weld joint zone specially and handle, the zone that so can make the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening handle covers the whole surface of superlong steel rail.

After having added the laser surface strength-toughening technique, length is welded the rail production equipment as shown in Figure 1, and it mainly comprises: conveying roller 2, support 3, rail straghtener 4, oxide skin remover 5, conveyer table 6, bonding machine 7, the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, tempering and normalizing device 9, weld seam straightener 10, sander 11, nondestructiving inspecting test device 12, sawing machine 13, second laser surface intensified processing subsystem 14 and the storage rack 15.Its workflow is: successively through after rail straghtener 4 and 5 processing of oxide skin remover, cleaning surfaces is fit to the welding working condition requirement to single short rail section 1 (for example 25 meters, 50 meters or 100 meters isometric rail) by conveying roller 2.Then, rail reaches flash welder 7 stations by transfer table 6, and during welding, last rail section is through bonding machine 7, and the rail segment trailer has 2 meters long staying in the protective cover of bonding machine 7 apart from track, and soldered anchor clamps are fixed, and are in state to be welded.And all the other positions arrive the station at the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem, 8 places.At this moment, a back rail section is admitted in the bonding machine 7 through conveying roller, and this rail section front end has 2 meters soldered machine clamp clampings of long distance, fixing, and close with the tail end of last rail, and the head and the tail of two rail sections connect before and after being finished by bonding machine 7 at last.

In the long welding steel rail production equipment that does not contain the processing of laser surface Strengthening and Toughening, generally speaking, last one steel rail will keep static after arriving the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, this state remains to a back rail section always and finishes in the whole process of head and the tail welding.Therefore, in first kind of technical scheme of the present utility model, the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 just is located at this position, and is provided with many cover Laser Surface Treatment equipment.Mainly be the time period of utilizing this rail static relatively, surface toughening carried out in last rail section (except the preceding rail head of having addressed, portion) zone simultaneously handle.In other words, after the utility model is arranged on bonding machine 7 with the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, after last rail to be welded arrives the precalculated position, promptly remain static, utilize many laser surface intensified treating apparatus of this station that the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening is carried out in the tread of rail head of rail, last fillet and side simultaneously and handle.In the design and type selecting process of laser process equipment, the design of the definite and Laser Processing workbench of the watt level of laser instrument, laser instrument platform number and type selecting are determined according to the production efficiency and the beat of whole piece production equipment, are optimal selection with the productive temp and the efficient that can satisfy existing rail.Regulate by technological parameter, on the basis that guarantees parameter indexs such as laser surface intensified layer depth, width and hardness, the Laser Surface Treatment operation of subsystem 8 and the flash of light welding sequence of subsystem 7 are finished synchronously.When promptly two short rail were realized the head and the tail welding, last rail section also finished laser surface intensified treatment process.At this moment, start conveying roller, first one steel rail is transported to next station, and second rail section arrives the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, the termination of the 3rd rail section enters bonding machine 7, and weld with the tail end of second one steel rail, this moment, first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 many set laser surface intensified treating apparatus began second rail section carried out surface Hardening Treatment.Repeat the above-mentioned course of work and just can finish the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening processing on superlong steel rail surface.

In sum, above-mentioned operation can so that superlong steel rail when finishing welding sequence, guarantee the most of zone of rail (removing two ends) apart from the welding point zone tread, go up fillet and the side can be finished the processing of laser surface Strengthening and Toughening simultaneously, have only near the fraction section of welding point owing to be in the protective cover zone of welding machine tool, and do not handled by laser reinforcing because the welding process temperature is higher.

Behind the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, the rail section is sent to follow-up each station successively: by tempering and normalizing device 9 weld seam of rail section is carried out temper, remove stress; Cool off by the mode of normalizing then, guarantee that position intensity, the toughness of welding point does not reduce; Then by weld seam straightener 10 with the alignment of steel rail welding line position, by sander 11 weld seam is polished then.When rail process nondestructiving inspecting test device 12, by ultrasonic wave detector rail section weld seam is carried out defect detecting test, after if unallowed defectives such as crackle appear in weld seam, then rail is cut off from the commissure by sawing machine 13, and send the section start of production equipment back to by the conveyer table 6 ' rail section under will sawing of side direction, again weld sending into production equipment again after sawed-off polishing of rail section, then after welding, skip the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 for this type of rail.The rail qualified to nondestructive inspection, then be admitted to the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem 14, by the set laser surface intensified equipment of this station near the untreated fraction section welding point on the subsystem 8 long rail is carried out the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening and handle, so that make the surface of whole superlong steel rail all handle through the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening.At last, the working face of long weldering rail is all handled through the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening, and is admitted to storage rack 15 and deposits wait handling entrucking.

In order not influence the production efficiency and the beat of existing overlength weldering rail, the platform number of laser surface intensified treatment system 8 of the present utility model and 14 set laser enhancement and toughening treatment facilities and concrete layout will decide according to parameters such as the length of rail section, the time of welding and the laser wavelength that is adopted, power, spot diameter sizes, and that stations such as rail straghtener, oxide skin remover, conveyer table, bonding machine, weld seam tempering equipment, weld seam straightener, sander, nondestructiving inspecting test and sawing machine and existing overlength are welded the station of production equipment of rail is identical.Illustrate laser surface intensified treatment system 8 in first kind of implementation of the utility model production equipment and a kind of specific implementation of 14 below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but laser surface intensified treatment system described in the utility model 8 and 14 is not limited thereto.

With the single rail length before welding is 100 meters, the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 is made of 8 identical laser surface intensified treating apparatus, and the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem 14 constitutes example by 1 laser surface intensified treating apparatus, and the laser enhancement and toughening technical process is described.Referring to Fig. 2, in the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, evenly distributed 8 identical laser process machines 17 and laser instrument 18 in the both sides of welding rail section 1, every laser instrument transfer to laser beam in the mode of flight light path or Optical Fiber Transmission and are used for the rail surface heat on the laser Machining head of corresponding lathe and handle.Control system 19 is used each servomotor of control line and laser process machine 17, the servomotor on the laser Machining head respectively, and the optical gate of laser instrument 18 is electrically connected.Sending instruction by control system 19 can be respectively or control opening the light or closing light, each motion and movement velocity of laser process machine 17, the swing of laser Machining head and hunting frequency etc. of laser instrument 18 simultaneously.

Referring to Fig. 3, being 100 meters with single rail length before welding is example.At this moment, the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem 14 is finished by 1 laser surface intensified treating apparatus, and the set laser surface intensified treating apparatus of the structure of this equipment and subsystem 8 is identical.The equipment control mode is identical with structure shown in Figure 2 with working method on this station, does not repeat them here.

The machining tool 17 of laser surface intensified treating apparatus can adopt multiple structure such as trolley type, planer-type and cantilevered to realize, all machining tools all adopt two laser Machining head designs, be that example illustrates the course of work of the present utility model with regard to these several machine tool structures respectively below, but the employed laser reinforcing processor of the utility model bed structure is not limited to above-mentioned a few class.

With the trolley type laser process machine is example, referring to Fig. 4.Track pedestal 20 parallel sides that are positioned at rail 1 of machining tool 17, and parallel with the length direction of rail 1.Below the X-axis 21 of the workbench of Digit Control Machine Tool, track pedestal 20 is installed, the X-axis 21 of workbench is fixed on the track of track pedestal 20, can be in the X-axis 21 of the drive lower table of servomotor along the track X on the track pedestal 20 to moving.The Y-axis 22 of workbench is vertically mounted on and constitutes the single-cantilever structure on the X-axis 21 of workbench.The Z axle of workbench is by two light tubes 24 on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted at interval workbench and 24 ' constitute; Two laser Machining heads 25 with 25 ' respectively with two light tubes 24 and 24 ' be connected.Under the drive of Y-axis servomotor, the light tube 24 of workbench and 24 ' can be simultaneously or is driven corresponding laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' move along Y-axis separately.Under the drive of Z axle servomotor, laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' can move up and down along the Z axle.The angle that laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' under the drive of servomotor is can deflection certain or carry out oscillatory scanning, the angular range of deflection or swing is from the horizontal by 0 °～180 °.In the laser reinforcing processing procedure, laser Machining head 25 is responsible for the tread of rail 1 is handled, and laser Machining head 25 ' behind the deflection certain angle to rail 1 on fillet and side handle.Laser beam that laser instrument 18 sends is divided into two-way after expanding bundle, adopt then hard light path or optical fiber transfer to respectively light-conducting system 23 and 23 ', and finally transfer to laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' be used for laser treatment.

With the gantry-type laser machining tool is example, referring to Fig. 5.Two parallel track pedestals 20 and 20 of machining tool 17 ' lay respectively at the both sides of rail 1, and parallel with the length direction of rail 1.The X-axis 21 and 21 of the workbench of Digit Control Machine Tool ' below be separately installed with track pedestal 20 and 20 ', the X-axis 21 of workbench is fixed on the track of track pedestal 20, the X-axis 21 of workbench ' be fixed on track pedestal 20 ' track on.Under the drive of servomotor separately, the X-axis 21 and 21 of workbench ' can be respectively along track pedestal 20 and 20 ' on track X to moving.The Y-axis 22 of workbench across the X-axis 21 and 21 that is vertically mounted on workbench ' on constitute planer type structure.The Z axle of workbench is by two light tubes 24 on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted at interval workbench and 24 ' constitute; Two laser Machining heads 25 with 25 ' respectively with two light tubes 24 and 24 ' be connected.Two laser Machining heads 25 are connected with 24 ' with the light tube 24 of workbench with 25 ' respectively.Under the drive of Y-axis servomotor, the light tube 24 of workbench and 24 ' can be simultaneously or is driven corresponding laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' move along Y-axis separately.Under the drive of Z axle servomotor, laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' can move up and down along the Z axle.The angle that laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' under the drive of servomotor is can deflection certain or carry out oscillatory scanning, the angular range of deflection or swing is from the horizontal by 0 °～180 °.In laser surface Strengthening and Toughening processing procedure, laser Machining head 25 is responsible for the tread of rail 1 is handled, and laser Machining head 25 ' behind the deflection certain angle to rail 1 on fillet and side handle.Laser beam that laser instrument 18 sends is divided into two-way after expanding bundle, adopt then hard light path or optical fiber transfer to respectively light-conducting system 23 and 23 ', and finally transfer to laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' be used for laser treatment.

With the single swing arm type laser process machine is example, referring to Fig. 6.Track support 26 parallel sides that are positioned at rail 1 of laser process machine 17.Track pedestal 20 is installed in the jib foot of track support 26 in the mode of hanging by the feet, and parallel with the length direction of rail 1.The X-axis 21 of the workbench of Digit Control Machine Tool is installed on the track of track pedestal 20 bottoms, can be along the track X on the track pedestal 20 to moving in the X-axis 21 of the drive lower table of servomotor.The Y-axis 22 of workbench constitutes the trolley type structure with X-axis 21 bottoms that the mode of hanging by the feet is vertically mounted on workbench.The Z axle of workbench is by two light tubes 24 on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted at interval workbench and 24 ' constitute; Two laser Machining heads 25 with 25 ' respectively with two light tubes 24 and 24 ' be connected.

Under the drive of Y-axis servomotor, the light tube 24 of workbench and 24 ' can be simultaneously or is driven corresponding laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' move along Y-axis separately.Under the drive of Z axle servomotor, laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' can move up and down along the Z axle.The angle that laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' under the drive of servomotor is can deflection certain or carry out oscillatory scanning, the angular range of deflection or swing is from the horizontal by 0 °～180 °.In laser surface Strengthening and Toughening processing procedure, laser Machining head 25 is responsible for the tread of rail 1 is handled, and laser Machining head 25 ' behind the deflection certain angle to rail 1 on fillet and side handle.Laser beam that laser instrument 18 sends is divided into two-way after expanding bundle, adopt then hard light path or optical fiber transfer to respectively light-conducting system 23 and 23 ', and finally transfer to laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' be used for laser treatment.

Because long welding steel rail has long resting period after Non-Destructive Testing is qualified, this part time can be used to that also rail is carried out the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening and handles.Second kind of implementation of the present utility model is that the laser treatment mode that will be divided into two stages before this merges, one section laser surface Strengthening and Toughening treatment process only is set after the Non-Destructive Testing operation, the disposable laser surface Strengthening and Toughening of finishing whole long welding steel rail is handled, the zone that makes the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening handle covers the whole surface of overlength welding steel rail, referring to Fig. 7.This moment, all Laser Surface Treatment equipment all was arranged in laser surface intensified system 27 places after the Non-Destructive Testing operation, the overlength welded rails that process is up to the standards is at system 27 places, by the concentrated tread of many Laser Surface Treatment devices of this station setting to rail, last fillet and sideway stance carry out surface Hardening Treatment, because laser surface intensified processing can not produce obviously influence to the degree of disturbing and the overall mechanical properties of rail, can not produce any defective yet, therefore directly leave on the storage rack 15 through the overlength welded rails after the laser treatment, wait for last handling entrucking.The platform number and the concrete layout of the laser enhancement and toughening treatment facility that laser surface intensified treatment system of the present utility model 27 is set will be decided according to parameters such as the length of overlength welded rails, the production efficiency of conventional long weldering rail and the laser wavelength that is adopted, power, spot diameter sizes.But the arrangement of laser process machine and laser Machining head, control mode and working method and the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 are similar, do not repeat them here.This kind implementation is after laser surface intensified treatment system is arranged on the production equipment of existing overlength weldering rail separately, can not make any influence and change to existing weldering rail production equipment and plant and equipment.

Laser Machining head is the vitals of laser process equipment in the utility model, can adopt existing various rotary type laser Machining head to be fixed on certain angle, respectively by laser Machining head 25 along Y-axis back and forth movement scanning and laser Machining head 25 ', realize the surface treatment of rail tread, last fillet and side simultaneously along the move up and down scanning and of Z axle in conjunction with the moving of X-direction.Laser Machining head also can be installed in realization oscillatory scanning motion on the movement executing mechanism with common laser Machining head by installing rotating shaft additional, respectively by laser Machining head 25 along Y to coming and going oscillatory scanning and laser Machining head 25 ', realize rail tread simultaneously, going up the surface treatment of fillet and side along Z oscillatory scanning and in conjunction with the moving of X-direction up and down.Laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' also can constitute by laser galvanometer system and focus lamp, focus lamp is positioned on the bright dipping light path of laser galvanometer system, move by the motor-driven galvanometer, realize the laser scanning processing of different tracks, the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening processing that can realize the track tread, go up different parts such as fillet and side.Certainly, two laser Machining heads on the utility model laser process machine 17 can adopt identical structure, also can constitute by different version, combination in twos as above-mentioned three kinds of laser Machining heads, carry out the scanning of moving of oscillatory scanning or a laser Machining head simultaneously with move simultaneously scanning or two laser Machining heads of two laser Machining heads, and another laser Machining head carries out mode such as oscillatory scanning and makes up and carry out the rail surface Hardening Treatment.Although only listed the laser Machining head of three kinds of scan-types here, the employed laser Machining head of the utility model is not limited thereto.

The employed laser instrument of the utility model can be high power gas laser, semiconductor laser, optical fiber laser, diode pumping solid laser or lamp light-pumped solid state laser, and above-mentioned laser instrument can adopt continuously or pulse output services mode.Wavelength difference according to laser instrument, can adopt optical fiber or the laser beam that laser instrument 18 sends be expanded bundle (in case of necessity) by the hard light path system that the polylith speculum is formed, transfer to respectively after the beam split laser Machining head 25 and 25 ', shine after focusing on by focus lamp again and be used for the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening on the pending rail and handle.When adopting optical fiber laser, semiconductor laser, diode pumped solid state laser, lamp light-pumped solid state laser as light source, at this moment, both can adopt Optical Fiber Transmission, also can adopt hard light path system transmission.When using semiconductor laser, also laser instrument can be positioned on the Y-axis of workbench of laser process machine 17 and link to each other with laser Machining head by hard light path or optical fiber as light source.When adopting high power gas laser, then adopt hard light path system transmission laser beam as light source.

In the utility model, the working time of the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 is 3～10 minutes (specification that specifically depends on institute's welded rails), difference according to single rail length, and the wavelength of laser instrument 18, watt level and spot diameter are big or small isoparametric different, the laser surface intensified treating apparatus that the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem, 8 places are provided with is 1～16, and the laser surface intensified treating apparatus that the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem, 14 places are provided with is 1～2.

According to the length of overlength welded rails, the production efficiency of conventional long weldering rail, the parameters such as wavelength, watt level and spot diameter size of laser instrument 18 are different, and the laser surface intensified treating apparatus that laser surface intensified treatment system 27 places are provided with is 1～40.

The power of laser instrument is 1kW～30kW in the utility model, can be high power gas laser, optical fiber laser, diode pumping solid laser, lamp light-pumped solid state laser or diode laser.The spot diameter of focussed laser beam is 2～30mm, the motion scanning of laser Machining head or oscillatory scanning are 10～5000mm/s, can rail tread, on to obtain width be that 2～25mm, the degree of depth are the point-like, linearity (horizontal line or oblique line), curve-like of 0.2～1.0mm, netted and plane surface toughening layer fillet and side.

Laser surface intensified production equipment with first kind of overlength welded rails among Fig. 1 is an example, and the workflow of producing through 500 meters long welding steel rails of Laser Surface Treatment is described.Wherein, used single rail segment length is 100 meters, and the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 is made of 8 laser surface intensified treating apparatus, and the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem 14 is made of 1 laser surface intensified treating apparatus.

(1) according to the heat treated needs of rail, the focusing lens of laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' selection proper focal length is controlled the size of focus point position and spot size.Start the essential equipment of laser instruments such as refrigeration machine, air compressor machine and cooling driers operation that laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 and 14 places have, start all laser instruments 18 then to make it be in holding state opening control 19.

(2) after first 100 meters long single rail is handled by conveying roller 2 process rail straghtener 4 successively and oxide skin remover 5, when arriving the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 through welding machine 7 then, under certain laser setting power, the program that weaves in advance in the start-up control system 19, control 8 laser Machining heads 25 on the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening treatment facility simultaneously along the scanning of Y-axis back and forth movement or the scanning that swings, and laser Machining head 25 ' along the move up and down scanning or swing up and down scanning of Z axle, and cooperate X-axis with certain speed motion, realize rail tread simultaneously, the surface treatment of last fillet and side.The laser Machining head of multiple devices in prescribed stroke, repeat above-mentioned scanning process just can finish the tread of 96 meters long rail section, on the surface toughening of fillet and side handle, and the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8 and welding sequence are finished synchronously.After the head and the tail welding of finishing two rail sections, last rail section also finished laser surface intensified treatment process.Remaining length near steel rail weld joint is that 2 meters rail level is because temperature is higher in the welding process, and region of interest is positioned in the middle of the protective cover scope of bonding machine, therefore can not laser treatment, can only wait until the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem 14 and carry out laser treatment again.When second rail section arrives the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, the 3rd rail section begins to prepare to enter bonding machine 7 welds, and this moment, first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 88 set laser surface intensified treating apparatus began second rail section carried out surface Hardening Treatment.Repeat the above-mentioned course of work and just can finish the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening processing of most length of 500 meters long rail head of rail (totally 490 meters).

Under certain laser power, characteristic according to the actual needs and the laser instrument of location of rail, by change laser Machining head 25 and 25 ' sweep speed or hunting frequency, the movement velocity of X-axis and the way of output of laser beam, can rail tread, on fillet and side obtain the point-like, linearity (horizontal line or oblique line), curve-like of the required width and the degree of depth, netted and plane surface toughening layer.

(3) through behind the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, the rail section is sent to follow-up station successively, by tempering and normalizing device 9 weld seam of rail section is carried out temper, removes stress; Cool off by the mode of normalizing then, guarantee that position intensity, the toughness of welding point does not reduce; Then by weld seam straightener 10 with the alignment of steel rail welding line position, by sander 11 weld seam is polished then.

(4) when rail process nondestructiving inspecting test device 12, by ultrasonic wave detector rail section weld seam is carried out defect detecting test, after if unallowed defectives such as crackle appear in weld seam, then rail is removed from weld seam by sawing machine 13 and cuts off, and send the section start of production equipment back to by the conveyer table 6 ' rail section under will sawing of side direction, again weld again sending into production equipment again after sawed-off polishing of rail section, for this type of rail then after welding directly through the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem 8, no longer carry out laser surface heat treatment.

(5) the rail section qualified to nondestructive inspection, then be admitted to the second laser surface intensified processing subsystem 14, this moment is under certain laser setting power, the program that weaves in advance in the start-up control system 19, the laser Machining head of controlling simultaneously on this laser surface Strengthening and Toughening treatment facility 25 scans or the scanning that swings along the Y-axis back and forth movement, and laser Machining head 25 ' along the move up and down scanning or swing up and down scanning of Z axle, and cooperate X-axis with certain speed motion, just can finish the tread of unprocessed portion and weld seam (2 meters are long) on the single rail section, the surface treatment of last fillet and side.Repeat said process, respectively 500 meters long weldering rail welding points and rail tail region are carried out the processing of laser surface Strengthening and Toughening, just can finish the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening of whole 500 meters long weldering rail treads and handle.

(6) tread, go up the 500 long weldering rails of fillet and side handling through the laser surface Strengthening and Toughening fully and be admitted to storage rack 15 and deposit, wait for last handling entrucking.

For second kind of implementation of the present utility model (referring to Fig. 7), its workflow is to carry out after the production equipment of existing overlength weldering rail, only sets up laser surface intensified system 27.The place of main difference is: consider production efficiency if desired, laser surface intensified system 27 can arrange several laser surface intensified treating apparatus to work simultaneously more, and the disposable laser surface Strengthening and Toughening of finishing the long welding steel rail of whole piece is handled.When laser surface intensified system 27 works, under certain laser setting power, the program that weaves in advance in the start-up control system 19, laser Machining head 25 on control many laser surface Strengthening and Toughening treatment facilities herein is along the scanning of Y-axis back and forth movement or the scanning that swings simultaneously, and laser Machining head 25 ' along the move up and down scanning or swing up and down scanning of Z axle, and cooperate X-axis with certain speed motion, realize the surface treatment of rail tread, last fillet and side simultaneously.The laser Machining head of multiple devices in prescribed stroke separately, repeat above-mentioned scanning process just can disposablely finish the tread of 500 meters long weldering rails, on the surface toughening of fillet and side handle.

The above is preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the utility model should not be confined to the disclosed content of this embodiment and accompanying drawing.So everyly do not break away from the equivalence of finishing under the spirit disclosed in the utility model or revise, all fall into the scope of the utility model protection.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of production equipment of overlength welded rails, the production line that this production equipment constituted comprises conveying roller (2), rail straghtener (4), oxide skin remover (5), bonding machine (7), tempering and normalizing device (9), weld seam straightener (10), sander (11) and nondestructiving inspecting test device (12) successively, it is characterized in that: also be provided with laser surface intensified treatment system behind the station of bonding machine.

2, the production equipment of overlength welded rails according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Laser surface intensified treatment system comprises first, second laser surface intensified processing subsystem (8,14), the first laser surface intensified processing subsystem (8) is positioned between bonding machine (7) and tempering and the normalizing device (9), form by the laser surface intensified treating apparatus that is evenly arranged in single rail section both sides, be used for the non-welded seam area of single rail section is carried out laser surface intensified processing; The second laser surface intensified processing subsystem (14) is positioned at after the station of nondestructiving inspecting test device (12), is used for the welded seam area of long welding steel rail is carried out laser surface intensified processing.

3, the production equipment of overlength welded rails according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described laser surface intensified treatment system is made up of many laser surface intensified treating apparatus that are evenly arranged in long welding steel rail both sides, is used for long welding steel rail total length is carried out laser surface intensified processing.

According to the production equipment of arbitrary described overlength welded rails in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that 4, laser surface intensified treating apparatus comprises laser instrument (18), laser process machine (17), beam Propagation system and control system; Laser process machine is equipped with the rotary laser processing head on (17), and laser instrument (18) transfers to the rotary laser processing head by the beam Propagation system with laser beam, and control system is connected by control line with laser process machine (17) with laser instrument (18).

5, according to the production equipment of arbitrary described overlength welded rails in the claim 4, it is characterized in that, two rotary laser processing heads (25,25 ') are installed on the laser process machine (17), the structure of laser process machine (17) is: track pedestal (20) is installed in the jib foot of track support (26) in the mode of hanging by the feet, the X-axis of workbench (21) is installed on the track of track pedestal (20) bottom, and the Y-axis of workbench (22) is vertically mounted on X-axis (21) bottom of workbench in the mode of hanging by the feet; The Z axle of workbench is made of two the light tubes (24,24 ') on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench at interval; Two rotary laser processing heads (25,25 ') are connected with two light tubes (24,24 ') respectively.

6, according to the production equipment of arbitrary described overlength welded rails in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: two rotary laser processing heads (25,25 ') are installed on the laser process machine (17), laser process machine (17) comprises two parallel track pedestals (20,20 '), the X-axis of two workbench (21,21 ') is installed in respectively on the track pedestal (20,20 '), and the Y-axis of workbench (22) is across on the X-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench (21,21 '); The Z axle of workbench is made of two the light tubes (24,24 ') on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench at interval; Two rotary laser processing heads (25,25 ') are connected with two light tubes (24), (24 ') respectively.

7, according to the production equipment of arbitrary described overlength welded rails in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: two rotary laser processing heads (25,25 ') are installed on the laser process machine (17), and the structure of laser process machine (17) is:

The X-axis of workbench (21) is fixed on the track of track pedestal (20), and the Y-axis of workbench (22) is vertically mounted on the X-axis (21) of workbench; The Z axle of workbench is made of two the light tubes (24,24 ') on the Y-axis that is vertically mounted on workbench at interval; Two rotary laser processing heads (25,25 ') are connected with two light tubes (24,24 ') respectively.

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