A kind of off-line laser-quenching technique that is used for the rail surface Hardening Treatment
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser surface intensified field, specifically be meant a kind of off-line laser-quenching technique that is used for the rail surface Hardening Treatment.
Technical background
Rail is the major parts of track traffic, and rail directly contacts with the wheel of train, and the quality of its quality directly has influence on traveling security and stationarity.The main rail steel grade of China railways mainly is U71Mn and U75V, is the plain carbon stool rail.Along with train speed, freight volume and the heavy raising of axle, the speed of these two kinds of rail failures is more and more faster, exposed the bearing capacity deficiency, wear resistance is not enough, the problem that work-ing life is not long, the security incident that makes rail failure cause happens occasionally, and China is used to change and keep in repair the direct expenses of damage rail every year up to billions of units.Rail failure is a key issue in the transportation by railroad always, and type of impairment mainly is rail conquassation, side grinding, ripple mill and peels off, accounts for more than 80% of rail failure amount.Up to now, how effectively alleviating and eliminating these track defects does not also have effective solution, has only and adopts the mode of directly changing rail, makes the railway operation cost high.
At present, have the investigator to inquire into the damage type of these several rail, think that the rail failure aggravation mainly is because between the wheel track due to the increase of skin friction force, and to improve rail quality be the prevention rail failure, the main method that prolongs rail life.In order to improve the work-ing life of railway rail, generally take three kinds of methods both at home and abroad: the first, adopt the induction full length quenching, the control cooling rate obtains the fine pearlite tissue, strengthens rail toughness; The second, adopt low-alloy high-carbon steel to replace general carbon steel; The 3rd, adopt bainitic steel or low-carbon martensitic steels to replace high carbon steel, further improve the surface hardness of rail etc.
But aforesaid method respectively has deficiency.In the past few years, the total length quenching technology has been obtained significant effect, makes the wear resistance of rail improve 50% (straight way) and 100% (bend) respectively.But, a large amount of practices show that martensite even bainite structure can not appear in the surface of induction full quenching rail, otherwise will reduce the fracture toughness property of rail significantly, cause rail to occur accidents such as disconnected rail under arms in the process, badly influence the safe operation of railway.Therefore, full quenching rail hardness generally is controlled between the HV320-390, and the excavation of its wear resistance potentiality is near the limit.The low-alloy high-carbon steel rail combines with the total length quenching technology, can further improve the rail wear resistance, but effect is not remarkable.Low carbon martensite rail and bainite rail still are in development, and the weldability aspect of rail also exists very big problem and difficulty.
Laser surface hardening technology is recent two decades development one of metal material surface reinforcement very rapidly, it comprises technologies such as laser quenching, consolidation quenching, surface alloying and surface cladding, its common feature is that rate of heating is fast, the heat affected zone is little, workpiece deformation is little, therefore be expected to replace the induction full length quenching, become the rail surface intensified technique of a new generation.
Notification number is to disclose a kind of laser hardening ossifying technique of railway high speed heavy rail in the Chinese invention patent " laser hardening ossifying technique of railway high speed heavy rail " of CN101109034, by the SiO that mixes in the spraying of heavy rail surface
2Extinction coating improves the metallic surface to CO
2The specific absorption of laser adopts the broadband integral mirror to change laser facula into rectangular light spot, utilizes CO
2Laser apparatus rapid scanning rail surface makes the rail surface realize rapid heating and cooling, is 0.5-1.0mm thereby obtain thickness, and hardness is 800-1100HV, is organized as high carbon martensite and a small amount of austenitic quench-hardened case.
But the heavy rail laser quenching hardening process that above-mentioned technology proposed has following deficiency: adopt laser that rail is carried out whole quenching, when improving rail hardness, reduce the toughness of rail, occurred cracking phenomena easily after making the major parts (as tongue, guard rail, stock rail, frog) of track switch part quench.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, a kind of off-line laser-quenching technique that is used for the rail surface Hardening Treatment is provided, make it can improve rail hardness simultaneously, and keep the toughness of rail itself at the existence of above-mentioned background technology.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of rail surface-treated off-line laser-quenching technique that is used for, its step comprises: at first at rail surface-coated one deck extinction coating, mobile then rail makes pulse laser scan with certain speed along its length on the rail surface, obtain being the laser quenching point that is organized as tiny martensite of latticed layout on the rail surface, described laser quenching point area is the 50-80% of rail surface area, the most deep degree of quenching point 0.4-1.0mm.
In such scheme, described quenching point is circular or oval.
Preferably, described extinction coating employing massfraction is the Al of 60-70%
2O
3Particle, massfraction are the ZrO of 10-22%
2Particle and massfraction are the SiO of 12-20%
2Particle, water mixes.
Preferably, described Al
2O
3Particle, ZrO
2Particle and SiO
2Particle is a particle diameter less than 1 micron submicron particles.
Preferably, the described thickness that is coated in rail surface extinction coating is 0.01-0.1mm.
In such scheme, described pulse laser is meant from CO
2The power that laser apparatus sends is 0.9-7kW, and pulsewidth is the pulse laser of 0.1-1s.
Preferably, described pulse CO
2Laser facula is circular, and diameter is 3-10mm.
In such scheme, described CO
2Laser apparatus is positioned on the lathe, and described rail is realized the function that pulse laser scans with certain speed along its length on the rail surface by towing mechanism along moving of lathe length direction.
In off-line laser-quenching technique of the present invention, because pulse laser scans with certain speed on the rail surface, scanning is in rapid heating and cooling fast under the lasing, can form the quenching point of latticed layout on the rail surface, quenching point is organized as martensitic stucture, the quenching layer depth is 0.4-1.0mm, and more than the hardness HV700, the tiny martensite of laser quenching point has high hardness and wear resistance.The district of being untreated has kept the toughness of rail itself for perlite, thisly adds pearlitic heterogeneous structure by martensite, has good obdurability, can significantly improve the work-ing life of rail.Simultaneously, the present invention utilized spray gun or hairbrush at rail surface-coated one deck extinction coating before laser scanning, can improve the assimilated efficiency of rail to laser, and the extinction coating of this proportioning is to CO
2The assimilated efficiency of laser is best.
Off-line laser-quenching technique conveniently regulating and controlling of the present invention, do not need quenchant, do not need tempering, workpiece deformation is little, therefore can directly reach rail surface strengthening effect by mobile rail on lathe.And the laser processing technology of lathe is ripe, can carry out simple modifications on prior art and can realize off-line laser quenching.
The present invention utilizes pulse laser that the point-like quenching strengthening is carried out on the rail surface and handles, by parameters such as control laser power, sweep velocity and circular light spot diameters, form the quenching point of latticed layout on the rail surface, simultaneously because the toughness of rail itself, when making major parts (as tongue, guard rail, stock rail, frog) the wear resistance raising of track switch part, reduced the rimose risk.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is latticed quench zone synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section of quenching point;
Fig. 3 is the graph of relation of quenching point place different depths and hardness among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is the graph of relation of quenching point place different depths and hardness among the embodiment 2;
1. quenching point, 2. be untreated district, 3. Cooling Velocity of Hardened Layer of Laser Quenching, 4. laser quenching heat affected zone of rail base material.
Embodiment
Feature of the present invention and correlated characteristic are described in further details by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technician's of the same trade understanding.
Embodiment 1:
After at first using oxide compound such as sand papering rail surface removal rail surface iron rust and dirt, further remove the rail surface and oil contaminant with alcohol, so that light-absorbing coating absorption.Be 60% Al again with massfraction
2O
3Particle, massfraction are 20% ZrO
2Particle and massfraction are 20% SiO
2Particle mixes with water and obtains extinction coating.Described Al
2O
3Particle, ZrO
2Particle and SiO
2Particle is a particle diameter less than 1 micron submicron particles.U71Mn rail surface after cleaning makes it to form the sprayed coating that thickness is 0.01mm with spray gun spraying one deck extinction coating then.At last, promote rail by towing mechanism and move with speed 10mm/s at cantilevered laser process machine upper edge long axis direction, lathe is the moving structures of five coordinate tetrads, and laser maintains static and impinge perpendicularly on workpiece surface.Described pulse laser realizes that by fan blade formula episcotister described fan blade formula episcotister is installed in CO
2On the output light path of laser apparatus, chop CO off
2The continuous laser that laser apparatus sends.Control blade steel axle makes its uniform rotation, and when fan blade moved on the laser optical path, light path is blocked can't bright dipping; When fan blade is left laser optical path, the normal bright dipping of light path, the fan blade movement continuously forms pulse laser.Described pulsed laser power is 1.5kW, and pulsewidth is the laser of 0.3s, and laser facula is circular, and diameter is 5mm.
As shown in Figure 1, quenching point 1 of the present invention is circular, and diameter is 5mm, latticed layout, between quenching point along the long-pending 5mm that is spaced apart laser pulse width 0.3s and rail translational speed 10mm/s of rail travel direction.The schematic cross-section of quenching point 1 as shown in Figure 2, the hardness of quenching point and quenching point to the relation of surface distance as shown in Figure 3, can obtain more than the hardness HV880 laser quenching hardened layer of layer depth 0.6mm.
Embodiment 2
Behind oxide compound such as sand papering rail surface removal rail surface iron rust and dirt, further remove the rail surface and oil contaminant with alcohol again, so that light-absorbing coating absorption.Be 70% Al again with massfraction
2O
3Particle, massfraction are 18% ZrO
2Particle and massfraction are 12% SiO
2Particle mixes with water and obtains extinction coating.Described Al
2O
3Particle, ZrO
2Particle and SiO
2Particle is a particle diameter less than 1 micron submicron particles.U75V rail surface after cleaning is coated with last layer extinction coating with hairbrush then, makes it to form the sprayed coating that thickness is 0.01mm.At last, promote rail by towing mechanism and move with speed 8mm/s at cantilevered laser process machine upper edge long axis direction, lathe is the moving structures of five coordinate tetrads, and laser maintains static and impinge perpendicularly on workpiece surface.Described pulse laser realizes that by fan blade formula episcotister described fan blade formula episcotister is installed in CO
2On the output light path of laser apparatus, chop CO off
2The continuous laser that laser apparatus sends.Control blade steel axle makes its uniform rotation, and when fan blade moved on the laser optical path, light path is blocked can't bright dipping; When fan blade is left laser optical path, the normal bright dipping of light path, the fan blade movement continuously forms pulse laser.Described pulse CO
2Laser is that power is 1.0kW, and pulsewidth is the pulse laser of 0.5s, and laser facula is circular, and diameter is 2mm, between quenching point along the 1mm that is spaced apart of laser apparatus travel direction.
Under these processing condition, the hardness of quenching point and quenching point to the relation of surface distance as shown in Figure 4, can obtain more than the hardness HV760 laser quenching hardened layer of layer depth 0.8mm.
Embodiment 3
Behind oxide compound such as sand papering rail surface removal rail surface iron rust and dirt, further remove the rail surface and oil contaminant with alcohol again, so that light-absorbing coating absorption.Be 70% Al again with massfraction
2O
3Particle, massfraction are 18% ZrO
2Particle and massfraction are 12% SiO
2Particle mixes with water and obtains extinction coating.Described Al
2O
3Particle, ZrO
2Particle and SiO
2Particle is a particle diameter less than 1 micron submicron particles.U71Mn rail surface after cleaning makes it to form the sprayed coating that thickness is 0.1mm with spray gun spraying one deck extinction coating then.At last, promote rail by towing mechanism and move with speed 14mm/s at cantilevered laser process machine upper edge long axis direction, lathe is the moving structures of five coordinate tetrads, and laser maintains static and impinge perpendicularly on workpiece surface.Described pulse laser realizes that by fan blade formula episcotister described fan blade formula episcotister is installed in CO
2On the output light path of laser apparatus, chop CO off
2The continuous laser that laser apparatus sends.Control blade steel axle makes its uniform rotation, and when fan blade moved on the laser optical path, light path is blocked can't bright dipping; When fan blade is left laser optical path, the normal bright dipping of light path, the fan blade movement continuously forms pulse laser.Described pulse CO
2Laser is that power is 3.0kW, and pulsewidth is the pulse laser of 0.1s, and laser facula is circular, and diameter is 8mm, between quenching point along the 1.4mm that is spaced apart of laser apparatus travel direction.
Under these processing condition, the quenching point hardness that obtains can reach HV700, and case depth can reach the rail of 0.7mm.