CN201335629Y - Honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger - Google Patents
Honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201335629Y CN201335629Y CNU2009200952998U CN200920095299U CN201335629Y CN 201335629 Y CN201335629 Y CN 201335629Y CN U2009200952998 U CNU2009200952998 U CN U2009200952998U CN 200920095299 U CN200920095299 U CN 200920095299U CN 201335629 Y CN201335629 Y CN 201335629Y
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- heat exchange
- end socket
- exchange body
- heated
- main heat
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger; and the heat exchanger comprises a flue gas inlet, a heat exchanger body, a fume outlet, an inlet for the gas to be heated and a heated gas outlet. The honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger is characterized in that the heat exchanger body comprises one or more than one main heat exchange body basic unit and two or more than two sealing head basic units with the amount of twice of the main heat exchange body basic units in a modular assembly manner; the main heat exchange body basic unit comprises a flue gas channel of the main heat exchange body and a heated gas channel of the main heat exchange body which are alternately arranged in a layered manner, and the flue gas in the flue gas channel of the main heat exchange body and the heated gas in the heated gas channel of the main heat exchange body are conversely configured in the flow direction; the sealing head basic unit includes a flue gas channel of the sealing head and a heated gas channel of the sealing head which are mutually perpendicular and alternately arranged in a layered manner; and the flue gas channel of the sealing head and the heated gas channel of the sealing head are in accordance with the flue gas channel of the main heat exchange body and the heated gas channel of the main heat exchange body in shape and in structure respectively.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to industrial heat exchange device technology, relates in particular to a kind of high temperature gas-gas honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger efficiently.
Background technology
HTAC is a novel combustion technology that grows up the nineties in last century.This technology reclaims by the heat accumulating type flue gas, can make air preheating temperature reach 90% of flue-gas temperature, temperature uniformity≤± 5 ℃, and its combustion thermal efficiency can reach 70%, even higher.Energy-efficient, the low plurality of advantages such as environmental protection, combustion stability is good, the combustion zone is big, fuel tolerance is wide of polluting that this technology has.HTAC be the utilization four-way change-over valve frequent switching with flue gas be heated gas and alternately pass through heat storage, realize flue gas and the heat exchange that is heated gas, heat transfer process passed through heat storage by flue gas before this, flue gas is the heat transferred heat storage, switch flue gas then for being heated gas by heat storage, be heated accumulation of heat in the GAS ABSORPTION heat storage and the rising temperature.Mainly exist following defective to remain further to be solved in this technology: the frequent change action of described four-way change-over valve, fragile, the life-span is short, the operating cost height; Flow of flue gas frequently commutation can be brought the furnace pressure recurrent fluctuations, and fluctuation influences combustion stability when big, and then influences burner hearth safety.Existing ceramic heat exchanger improves technology, and as bibliographical informations such as Chinese patent CN85109173A, CN2295383Y, CN2096035U and CN2194497Y, though energy savings to a certain extent, the leak rate of heat exchanger all remains further to be reduced.
The utility model content
At the defective that prior art exists, the technical problems to be solved in the utility model is to design a kind of honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger.This heat exchanger need not four-way change-over valve, can be heated the heating of gas to one or more, and recycle fume afterheat to greatest extent, have safe, leak rate is low and tangible effects of energy saving and emission reduction.
The technical scheme that the utility model solves described heat exchanger technology problem is: design a kind of honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger, this heat exchanger comprises smoke inlet, heat exchanger main body, exhanst gas outlet, is heated the gas access and is heated gas vent, it is characterized in that described heat exchanger main body is become by the end socket basic unit module makeup combo of one or more main heat exchange body elementary cells and two or main heat exchange body elementary cell quantity twice; Described main heat exchange body elementary cell is heated gas passage by main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes and main heat exchange body and forms, and main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes and main heat exchange body are heated the gas passage alternatively layered and arrange, the flue gas in the main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes is heated interior being heated of gas passage with the main heat exchange body, and gas flow direction is opposite to be prepared; Described end socket elementary cell is heated gas passage by orthogonal end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket and forms, and end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket are heated the gas passage alternatively layered and arrange, end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket are heated gas passage to be heated the shape and structure of gas passage consistent with described main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes and main heat exchange body respectively.
Compared with prior art, the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger adopts the combination of various heat exchange unit, need not four-way change-over valve, can be to one or more gas continuous effective ground heating, the burner hearth flue gas need not alternately to change flow direction simultaneously, the furnace pressure fluctuation reduces, and security improves, and leak rate low (less than 1%), simple in structure, cost reduces, and helps the transformation of existing industrial furnace, and the heat exchanger site operation that integral body is fired is convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the syndeton schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger when using;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger (being when 2 of heat exchanger main bodys contain the Type B end socket elementary cell 10 of the A type end socket elementary cell 9 of a main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 and one end and the other end among Fig. 1);
Fig. 3 is section (the A-A section among Fig. 2) structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger;
Fig. 4 is section (the B-B section of Fig. 3) structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger;
Fig. 5 is section (the C-C section of Fig. 3) structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger;
Fig. 6 is section (the D-D section of Fig. 3) structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger;
Fig. 7 is section (the E-E section of Fig. 3) structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the A type end socket elementary cell 9 of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger; Wherein, (a) figure is the view consistent with A type end socket elementary cell 9 among Fig. 2; (b) figure is the view that (a) figure is rotated counterclockwise 90 degree; (c) figure is the view that (a) figure is rotated counterclockwise 180 degree;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the Type B end socket elementary cell 10 of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger; Wherein, (a) figure is the view consistent with Type B end socket elementary cell 10 among Fig. 2; (b) figure is the view that (a) figure is rotated counterclockwise 90 degree; (c) figure is the view that (a) figure is rotated counterclockwise 180 degree;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the C type end socket elementary cell 12 of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger; Wherein, (a) and (b), (c) view among (a) and (b), the corresponding Figure 10 of (c) view difference, but removed side seal 11;
Figure 12 is the overall structure schematic diagram that the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger has only a kind of a kind of embodiment when being heated gas;
Figure 13 is that the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger has only the main heat exchange body elementary cell of a kind of a kind of embodiment (referring to Figure 12) when being heated gas and the assembling structure schematic diagram of end socket elementary cell;
Figure 14 is the overall structure schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger when having two kinds to be heated gas;
Figure 15 is the main heat exchange body elementary cell of a kind of embodiment (referring to Figure 14) of the utility model honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger when having two kinds to be heated gas and the assembling structure schematic diagram of end socket elementary cell.
The specific embodiment
Be described in detail the utility model below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.Embodiment is to be the enforcement that prerequisite is carried out with technical solutions of the utility model, has provided detailed embodiment and process.But the protection domain of the utility model claim is not limited to following embodiment.
The honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger of the utility model design (being called for short heat exchanger, referring to Fig. 1-15) comprises smoke inlet 1, heat exchanger main body 2, exhanst gas outlet 3, is heated gas access 4 and is heated gas vent 5.It is characterized in that described heat exchanger main body 2 is become by the end socket basic unit module makeup combo of one or more main heat exchange body elementary cells 8 and two or main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 quantity twices; Described main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 is heated gas passage 18 by main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17 and main heat exchange body and forms, and main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17 and main heat exchange body are heated gas passage 18 alternatively layereds and arrange, the flue gas in the main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17 is heated gas passage 18 interior being heated with the main heat exchange body, and gas flow direction is opposite to be prepared; Described end socket elementary cell is heated gas passage 7 by orthogonal end socket exhaust gases passes 6 and end socket and forms, and end socket exhaust gases passes 6 and end socket are heated gas passage 7 alternatively layereds and arrange, end socket exhaust gases passes 6 and end socket are heated gas passage 7 to be heated the shape and structure of gas passage 18 consistent with described main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17 and main heat exchange body respectively.
End socket elementary cell embodiment described in the utility model has three kinds of designs (referring to Fig. 9-11): A type end socket elementary cell 9, Type B end socket elementary cell 10 and C type end socket elementary cell 12.Wherein, A type end socket elementary cell 9 and Type B end socket elementary cell 10 are one side and have the end socket elementary cell of side seal 11,, the effect of side seal 11 is to prevent scurry out 11 of this side seals of the gas of end socket passage; Especially when the heating multiple gases, play compartmentation, prevent the mixing of all gases between the end socket elementary cell in parallel with it; C type end socket elementary cell 12 is the end socket elementary cell of no side seal (being end socket elementary cell itself), is used to be heated gas and enters the passage of another end socket elementary cell from the passage of an end socket elementary cell when the end socket elementary cell is in parallel.Described A type end socket elementary cell 9 and the difference of Type B end socket elementary cell 10 are that to have the position of side seal 11 one sides different; A type end socket elementary cell 9 (with Fig. 9 (a) be benchmark, and the side seal 11 among Fig. 9 (b) in its left side simultaneously in its left side with the position of side seal 11 one side; About only be relative position, down with), Type B end socket elementary cell 10 band side seal 11 position simultaneously on its right side (referring to the side seal 11 among Figure 10 (c); Figure 10 (c) and Fig. 9 (a) position consistency).In other words, the different structure feature of the two is: A type end socket elementary cell 9 with side seal 11 one side positions and Type B end socket elementary cell 10 with side seal 11 simultaneously positions are just in time relative, the position that side seal 11 one sides promptly occur in A type end socket elementary cell 9, and do not have a side seal 11 in this one side position of Type B end socket elementary cell 10, but its relatively one side position have side seal 11 (be among Fig. 9 (a) figure institute with (c) among the one side of side seal 11 and Figure 10 scheme relative with the one side position of side seal 11; (c) among Fig. 9 figure institute with (a) among the one side of side seal 11 and Figure 10 scheme relative with the one side position of side seal 11).Described each end socket elementary cell (comprises A type end socket elementary cell 9, Type B end socket elementary cell 10 and C type end socket elementary cell 12, down together), no matter adopt the sort of embodiment design, to be heated the shape and structure of gas passage 18 consistent with described main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17 and main heat exchange body respectively all to require its end socket exhaust gases passes 6 and end socket to be heated gas passage 7.In other words, described end socket exhaust gases passes 6 is consistent with the shape and structure of main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17, and it is consistent with the shape and structure that the main heat exchange body is heated gas passage 18 that described end socket is heated gas passage 7; After described each end socket elementary cell and 8 assembly of described main heat exchange body elementary cell, described end socket exhaust gases passes 6 and the 17 level and smooth windings of main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes, the consistent perforation; Described end socket is heated gas passage 7 and is heated the also level and smooth winding of gas passage 18, the consistent perforation with the main heat exchange body.
It is the convenient arbitrary shape of making of commercial run that the described main heat exchange body of the utility model heat exchanger exhaust gases passes 17, end socket exhaust gases passes 6, main heat exchange body are heated the shape of cross section that gas passage 18 and end socket be heated gas passage 7 (single passage), comprises quadrangle, circle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon etc.Described end socket exhaust gases passes 6 is heated gas passage 7 with main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17 and end socket can require design according to the strength of materials and the heat transfer characteristic of drag losses, ceramic honey comb with the size that the main heat exchange body is heated gas passage 18.The cross-sectional area of the single passage in the elementary cell described in the utility model is designed to 4～150mm
2, passage wall thickness is 0.2～5mm.
The main preparation process of the utility model heat exchanger is: press mould molding earlier, and main heat exchange body elementary cell, end socket elementary cell and the gateway joint of sintering all size; At the volume ratio relation and the heat exchange requirement of used combustion gas of target industrial furnace and oxidant, configure the required separately elementary cell quantity of combustion gas and oxidant then, arrange flow process and joint, bonding each unit and joint; With bonding good whole heat exchanger sinter molding, can obtain the honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger of the utility model integral body again.Heat exchanger described in the utility model adopts unit (comprise main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 and suitably dispose required A type end socket elementary cell 9, Type B end socket elementary cell 10 and C type end socket elementary cell 12) integrated mode design, applicability is good, can be according to the different element number of proportionate relationship design that is heated gas, then according to series connection or/and each unit of combination in parallel, sinter the heat exchanger of an integral body at last into.
The running parameter scope of the utility model heat exchanger is that the smoke inlet temperature is 600～1500 ℃, and the exhanst gas outlet temperature is 130～200 ℃; Be heated the temperature (such as air be generally normal temperature) of the inlet temperature of gas for source gas, outlet temperature is 600～1200 ℃.
The operation principle and the process of the utility model heat exchanger are: the high-temperature flue gas of burner hearth burning and exhausting enters heat exchanger main body 2 from smoke inlet 1, when described end socket exhaust gases passes 6 of flue gas process and main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17, utilize convection current, heat conduction and radiation mode are with the wall of the described end socket exhaust gases passes 6 of the heat transferred of flue gas with main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes 17, heat on the exhaust gases passes wall is delivered to described end socket by heat-conducting mode with heat and is heated the wall that gas passage 7 and main heat exchange body are heated gas passage 18, and then by convection current, heat conduction and radiation mode are heated gas passage 7 and main heat exchange body to heat transferred by described end socket and are heated the gas that is heated in the gas passage 18.After using the utility model heat exchanger, the discharged flue gas temperature reduces, and raises and be heated gas temperature, promptly is heated the heat that gas has been recycled flue gas, has realized the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
The utility model heat exchanger is based on modularized design, cancelled the four-way change-over valve of prior art, be combined in the same heat exchanger by the ingenious of heat exchange unit, finished one or more have been heated gas (such as oxygen/air/combustion gas) heating, realized that simultaneously the furnace pressure fluctuation reduces, security improves, the target that leak rate reduces.A kind of novel honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger that the utility model proposes, the design of total utility model is: with exhaust gases passes be heated the gas passage layering and alternately arrange, and make flue gas and to be heated gas flow direction opposite, and the flue gas in the main heat exchange body be heated gas flow and all do not have turning channel; Need not to carry out the flue gas commutation, realize efficient heat exchange smoothly.The utility model heat exchanger major technique characteristics be one or more be heated gas (such as: oxygen/air/combustion gas) entering before the burner hearth earlier, the temperature (being generally normal temperature such as air) by the utility model heat exchanger embodiments origin source gas is heated to about 1000 ℃, flue gas then is reduced to about 140 ℃ for about 1250 ℃ from the furnace outlet temperature, maximally utilise fume afterheat, saved the energy; Flue gas be heated stratification of hot gas and replace counter-flow arrangement, strengthened the heat exchange effect; Flue gas and be heated gas do not have turning channel in heat exchanger main heat exchange body has reduced flow resistance, has reliable energy-saving and emission-reduction positive effect; The leak rate of heat exchanger is lower than 1% simultaneously, and is simple in structure, need not the flue gas commutation, and the furnace pressure security improves, and is convenient to the actual industrial promotion and implementation.
Below provide specific embodiment of the utility model:
Embodiment 1
A kind of honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger (referring to Figure 12-13) of gas is only heated in design.
This heat exchanger is applicable to and need not heating fuel, only needs the situation of heated oxidant (as air or oxygen).This heat exchanger mainly is made up of smoke inlet 1, exhanst gas outlet 3, air intake 4, air outlet slit 5 and heat exchanger main body 2; Smoke inlet 1 is installed in an end of heat exchanger main body 2, and exhanst gas outlet 3 is installed in the other end of heat exchanger main body 2; Constituting straight line connects; Air intake 4 and air outlet slit 5 are installed in two end socket elementary cell places of the same side of heat exchanger main body 2 respectively, constitute the U font and connect (referring to Figure 12).Heat exchanger main body 2 is cores (referring to Figure 13) of heat exchanger, is made up of 9,2 Type B end socket elementary cells 10 of 8,2 A type end sockets of 4 main heat exchange body elementary cells elementary cell and 4 C type end socket elementary cells 12.Wherein, 8 parallel connections of 4 main heat exchange body elementary cells, each end socket elementary cell and main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 are by gas communication process route connect (referring to Figure 13).The size of each end socket elementary cell all is: length * wide * height=100mm * 100mm * 100mm; The size of main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 is: length * wide * height=800mm * 100mm * 100mm; The contained single channel shape structure of main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 and each end socket elementary cell is consistent, is square cross section, and cross-sectional area is 64mm
2, passage wall thickness is 2mm, each elementary cell all contains single path 10 layer, 10 row.
The honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger (referring to Figure 14-15) of two kinds of gases (the one, oxidant is an air, the 2nd, fuel is blast furnace gas) is heated in design simultaneously.
This heat exchanger mainly is made up of smoke inlet 1, exhanst gas outlet 3, air intake 13, air outlet slit 14, blast furnace gas inlet 15, blast furnace gas outlet 16 and heat exchanger main body 2.Heat exchanger main body 2 is cores of heat exchanger, and it is made up of 9,3 Type B end socket elementary cells 10 of 8,3 A type end sockets of 9 main heat exchange body elementary cells elementary cell and 12 C type end socket elementary cells 12.9 main heat exchange body elementary cells 8 are connected in parallel, and each end socket elementary cell and main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 are connected in series by the gas communication process route.Heat exchanger main body 2 is divided into 3 layers, and every layer comprises 3 main heat exchange body elementary cells 8 and 6 required end socket elementary cells, below a side of 2 layers at end socket elementary cell place air intake 13 and air outlet slit 14 are installed respectively, use for adding hot-air; The opposite side of top one deck is installed blast furnace gas inlet 15 and blast furnace gas outlet 16 respectively at end socket elementary cell place, use for the heating blast furnace gas; The size of each end socket elementary cell all is: length * wide * height=100mm * 100mm * 100mm; Main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 sizes are: length * wide * height=800mm * 100mm * 100mm; The contained single channel shape structure of main heat exchange body elementary cell 8 and each end socket elementary cell is consistent, is square, and cross-sectional area is 64mm
2, passage wall thickness is 2mm, each elementary cell all contains single path 10 layer, 10 row.
Claims (4)
1. honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger, this heat exchanger comprises smoke inlet, heat exchanger main body, exhanst gas outlet, is heated the gas access and is heated gas vent, it is characterized in that described heat exchanger main body is become by the end socket basic unit module makeup combo of one or more main heat exchange body elementary cells and two or main heat exchange body elementary cell quantity twice; Described main heat exchange body elementary cell is heated gas passage by main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes and main heat exchange body and forms, and main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes and main heat exchange body are heated the gas passage alternatively layered and arrange, the flue gas in the main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes is heated interior being heated of gas passage with the main heat exchange body, and gas flow direction is opposite to be prepared; Described end socket elementary cell is heated gas passage by orthogonal end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket and forms, and end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket are heated the gas passage alternatively layered and arrange, end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket are heated gas passage to be heated the shape and structure of gas passage consistent with described main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes and main heat exchange body respectively.
2. honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is quadrangle, circle, triangle, pentagon or hexagon that described main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes, main heat exchange body are heated the shape of cross section that gas passage, end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket be heated gas passage.
3. honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is 4～150mm that described main heat exchange body exhaust gases passes, main heat exchange body are heated the cross-sectional area that gas passage, end socket exhaust gases passes and end socket be heated gas passage
2, the thickness of conduit wall is 0.2～5mm.
4. honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger according to claim 1 is characterized in that the one side of described end socket elementary cell has side seal, comprises A type end socket elementary cell and Type B end socket elementary cell; A type end socket elementary cell with the position of side seal one side and Type B end socket elementary cell relative with side seal position simultaneously.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2009200952998U CN201335629Y (en) | 2009-01-14 | 2009-01-14 | Honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2009200952998U CN201335629Y (en) | 2009-01-14 | 2009-01-14 | Honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201335629Y true CN201335629Y (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2009200952998U Expired - Lifetime CN201335629Y (en) | 2009-01-14 | 2009-01-14 | Honeycomb ceramic heat exchanger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN201335629Y (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102534123A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 上海雷林低碳工程技术股份有限公司 | Waste heat recovery and heat insulation device for RH molten steel refining vacuum tank |
| CN104197445A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Through-type porous ceramic wet curtain |
| CN104776736A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-07-15 | 重庆大学 | Novel high-efficiency heat exchanger and molding method thereof |
-
2009
- 2009-01-14 CN CNU2009200952998U patent/CN201335629Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102534123A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 上海雷林低碳工程技术股份有限公司 | Waste heat recovery and heat insulation device for RH molten steel refining vacuum tank |
| CN104197445A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Through-type porous ceramic wet curtain |
| CN104776736A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-07-15 | 重庆大学 | Novel high-efficiency heat exchanger and molding method thereof |
| CN104776736B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-03-01 | 重庆大学 | Efficient heat exchanger and its forming method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20091028 Effective date of abandoning: 20090114 |