CN201278024Y - Encoder and decoder for seismic exploration - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a seismic exploitation encoding and decoding device, which adopts the technical proposal that the seismic exploitation encoding and decoding device comprises a casing base, operating switches and a circuit system. A casing upper cover and a handle are arranged on the casing base; a plurality of operating switches are arranged on the casing upper cover; the circuit system is arranged inside the casing base and mainly comprises a digital circuit part and an analog circuit part; the digital circuit part mainly comprises a power source, a power management circuit, a main control circuit, a storage and clock circuit, a man-machine interface circuit and an external interface circuit; the analog circuit part mainly comprises a high-voltage charging circuit, a high-voltage energy storage and discharge control circuit and an electric detonator, a detector and a high-voltage measurement circuit. The utility model has the advantages that the synchronous precision error of ignition and detonation time is less then plus or minus 20 microseconds; and the ignition and detonation voltage is between 200 V to 600 V and can be adjusted, the demands of the quantity and the connecting method of the different electric detonators are satisfied; and triplex safety measures of preventing the sudden detonation of the electric detonators are provided.

Description

Seismic exploration encoding/decoding device

One, technical field:

The utility model relates to a kind of seismic prospecting instrument, particularly a kind of seismic exploration encoding/decoding device.

Two, background technology:

In the seismic prospecting of carrying out at present, the overwhelming majority all adopts remote control coder synchro system to excite the generation seismic event, because existing coder is difficult to satisfy normal earthquake investigation and prospecting needs, its error is bigger, and security performance is not high.

Three, utility model content:

The purpose of this utility model is exactly the above-mentioned defective that exists at prior art, and a kind of seismic exploration encoding/decoding device is provided, and burst time synchronization accuracy height, ignition and detonation voltage is adjustable, have the multiple safety practice that prevents that the electric detonator accident from detonating.

Its technical scheme is: mainly by outer casing base, operating switch and Circuits System are formed, outer casing base is provided with outer casing upper cover and handle, outer casing upper cover is provided with display panels, supervisory keyboard, electric detonator CAP-binding post, electric detonator CAP+ binding post, CHARGE charge switch and ARM preparation switch, the lower end of base is provided with external GPS communication port socket, interface socket and gps antenna socket, described outer casing base inside is provided with Circuits System, described Circuits System mainly is made up of digital circuit part and artificial circuit part, and the digital circuit part mainly comprises power supply and electric power management circuit, governor circuit, storage and clock circuit, man-machine interface circuit and external interface circuit; Artificial circuit part mainly comprises high-voltage charging circuit, high-voltage energy storage and charge/discharge control circuit and electric detonator, wave detector, high-voltage measuring circuit;

Described power supply and electric power management circuit: adopt the voltage transitions chip, by powering on and power down of control realization system,

Governor circuit: adopt microprocessor and programmable logic device (CPLD),

Geophone signal metering circuit: in the geophone signal metering circuit, absorb the external high voltage spike with two waves with absorber LR1 and LR2, circuit is formed protection, after surge absorption protection, signal also will pass through a common mode winding coil T1, is used to suppress the common mode interference noise that transmits the outside;

The electric detonator resistance measuring circuit: the electric detonator resistance is measured also by adopting constant-current source circuit I1, R2 to realize, at ordinary times, be in connection status between constant current source and the electric detonator, high-tension circuit and electric detonator are in off-state, have only operating switch CHARGE and ARM key are pressed simultaneously, high-tension circuit just can be connected with electric detonator;

High-voltage charging circuit: implementing to explode horizontal high voltage charging and the storage power of advancing, measure high-voltage value simultaneously, when ignition signal FIRE arrives, discharge high voltage electric energy, ignite electric detonator by discharge loop;

High-voltage energy storage, charge/discharge control circuit: when igniting the order arrival, operating switch CHARGE and ARM key are pressed, and the discharge loop of the electric detonator of then having contacted is connected, and the high voltage electric energy abrupt release that electric capacity stores produces big electric current electric detonator is ignited; External interface circuit: the external interface circuit of coder mainly contains interface circuit and the serial interface circuit that connects the instrument truck signal;

The man-machine interface circuit: adopt display screen and keyboard, keyboard makes normality key assignments level for high by drawing on the resistance, ground connection when key is pressed, and the low level key assignments is read into microprocessor by CPLD.

The microprocessor IC16 that governor circuit of the present utility model adopts selects the ATmega128 chip of atmel corp for use, and the CPLD that selects for use (IC17) is the ACEX1K family chip EP1K50TI144-3 of ALTERA company.

Storage of the present utility model and clock circuit: the storage chip that memory circuitry is selected for use is the RAM chip IC 1961LV5128 of 512k byte, 8 bit data width, and be provided with power management chip IC20MAX691A and rechargeable battery (or farad capacitor) BT1, when system's power down, still can keep data not lose.

Above-mentioned Circuits System comprises wireless telecommunications emission, receiving circuit, the conversion in the realization communication between digital signal and the simulating signal.

Above-mentioned outer casing base is provided with outer casing upper cover and handle, outer casing upper cover is provided with display panels, supervisory keyboard, electric detonator CAP-binding post, electric detonator CAP+ binding post, CHARGE charge switch and ARM preparation switch, and the lower end of base is provided with external GPS communication port socket, interface socket and gps antenna socket.

Coder of the present utility model has adopted two core technologies: microprocessor (single-chip microcomputer) technology and programmable logic device (PLD) (CPLD) technology.Plurality of advantages such as the single-chip microcomputer that adopts has at a high speed, low-power consumption, super function reduced instruction, and operating voltage range is wide.CPLD then excrescence now it is extensive, on the complex hardware Programmable Technology.Hardware logic behavior large amount of complex, that require high speed processing can be realized easily by the CPLD technology, but its hardware logic of field programming reconstruct, need not to redesign hardware circuit board, so greatly reduced the risk that development drops into, and shortened the lead time.The combination of AVR single-chip microcomputer and CPLD technology has greatly improved the performance of instrument.

Numeral volume/decoding technique is adopted in volume in the system/decoding, to improve the reliability and the dirigibility of system.All high speed hard logic circuit of system all are integrated in the extensive CPLD device promptly so-called SOC (system on a chip).Circuit such as all periphery that relates to simulation amplifications, filtering, photoelectricity isolation, level conversion driving all adopt special integrated chip to realize.

When coder used as scrambler, its high pressure and detector circuit part were not worked.Send time break, scrambler CPU receives after the startup command by sending the simultaneous initiation time sequence information by wireless station to coder (code translator) behind the coding encrypting.After code translator received signal and verification are correct, detonating powder.In blast process, code translator is gathered hole top signal go forward side by side line data analysis, processing, to scrambler loopback checking well head FTB, simulation hole top signal UH and digital hole top signal etc.

The coder testing circuit can be measured the working status parameter of high pressure, wave detector resistance, electric detonator resistance etc. in real time, and the assurance system normally moves.

Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

(1) coder ignition and detonation timing tracking accuracy error reaches international advanced product level less than ± 20 μ s.

(2) ignition and detonation voltage 200V～600V is adjustable, satisfies the demand of different electric detonator numbers and connection.

(3) from Safety Design soft, that hardware two aspects strengthen, have triple safety practices that prevent that the electric detonator accident from detonating.Have only to possess following three conditions simultaneously, could implement normally to detonate:

1. code translator need be received the order of detonating that scrambler sends, and just may send ignition signal;

2. code translator is in and waits for when detonate state interface and CHARGE key are down state, just can fill high-tension electricity;

3. press ARM and CHARGE key simultaneously, just can make internal high pressure circuit and electric detonator be in on-state.

(4) but the real time on-line monitoring physical parameter.

But parameters such as the electric detonator resistance of scrambler real time on-line monitoring code translator, wave detector resistance, high pressure and cell voltage.And sound in good time, the display alarm signal.

(5) has the whole digital well head of Gain Adjustable

At the bigger characteristics of uphole seismograph dynamic range of signals, novel encoder and decoder has designed the sample frequency of 0.1ms, and to have coefficient be 1,10,100,1000 the preamplifier gain adjusted.Compare with the simulation well head, bigger responding range and picking up property of higher signal are arranged.

(6) coder adopts liquid crystal Chinesizing, menu display mode to show various parameters and function, and the display message amount is big, friendly interface, neat appearance; Keyboard operation is simple, convenient.

The integrated three kinds of functional modes of (7) one machines: encoder functionality, code translator function and system configuration function, highly versatile.

Four, description of drawings:

Accompanying drawing 1 is a schematic block circuit diagram of the present utility model;

Accompanying drawing 2 is circuit structure diagrams of the present utility model;

Accompanying drawing 3 is annexation figure of governor circuit of the present utility model;

Accompanying drawing 4 is circuit connection diagrams of programmable logic device (PLD) of the present utility model (CPLD);

Accompanying drawing 5 is circuit connection diagrams of geophone signal metering circuit of the present utility model;

Accompanying drawing 6 is circuit connection diagrams of electric detonator resistance measuring circuit of the present utility model;

Accompanying drawing 7 is circuit connection diagrams of high-voltage charging circuit of the present utility model;

Accompanying drawing 8 is circuit connection diagrams of high-voltage measuring circuit of the present utility model;

Accompanying drawing 9 is circuit connection diagrams of high-voltage energy storage of the present utility model, charge/discharge control circuit;

Accompanying drawing 10 is structural representations of the utility model shell.

Among the last figure: (1) outer casing base, (2) external GPS communication port socket, (3) interface socket, (4) gps antenna socket, (5) CHARGE charge switch, (6) ARM preparation switch, (7) handle, (8) electric detonator CAP-binding post, (9) electric detonator CAP+ binding post, (10) display panels, (11) supervisory keyboard, (12) outer casing upper cover.

Five, embodiment:

With reference to accompanying drawing 1-10, the technical solution of the utility model is: mainly by 1 outer casing base, 2 external GPS communication port sockets, 3 interface sockets, the 4GPS antenna socket, the 5CHARGE charge switch, 6ARM prepares switch, 7 handles, 8 electric detonator CAP-binding posts, 9 electric detonator CAP+ binding posts, 10 display panels, 11 supervisory keyboards, 12 outer casing upper covers are formed, the Circuits System that be equipped with inside mainly is made up of digital circuit part and artificial circuit part, can effectively eliminate interference and impact that each other interference, especially high-tension circuit produce digital circuit part like this.Under the prerequisite that guarantees circuit performance, select the paster components and parts as far as possible.Select surface mount elements, can reduce power consumption on the one hand, can reduce the area of circuit board on the other hand, improve level of integrated system.

Wherein, the digital circuit part mainly comprises power supply and electric power management circuit, governor circuit, storage and clock circuit, man-machine interface circuit and external interface circuit; Artificial circuit part mainly comprises high-voltage charging circuit, high-voltage energy storage and charge/discharge control circuit and electric detonator, wave detector, high-voltage measuring circuit.

Power supply and electric power management circuit:

Coder of the present utility model uses the 12V storage battery power supply, adopts voltage transitions chip LM2575 generation+5V voltage.LM2575 is the controllable voltage conversion chip, by powering on and power down of control feasible system.When system powers on, press ARM key (pressing ground connection), then the 5th pin of LM2575 is a low level, and it exports generation+5V, and MCU starts working.MCU program delay 5s is changed to high level with the VCC_ON signal, and then light is every 3, the 4 pin conductings of IC12.Decontrol the ARM key this moment, and LM2575 works on, and finishes power up.

When system's operate as normal and when being in top menu, to press the ARM key and surpassed for 5 seconds, software program control VCC_ON signal is a low level, and then 3 of IC12,4 pin disconnect, and LM2575 quits work, system's power down.So design, make operating personnel need not be at every turn plug battery sockets all, operation is very simple, safety.+ 12VF only just controls the U2 conducting and produces when needs fill high pressure.

Insulating power supply in the circuit has two parts: the analog power that analogue signal circuit needs (+5VA ,-5VA) and the insulating power supply that needs of high-tension circuit (+12V-1S).Selected power module IB0505LD and IB1212LD for use at this with isolation, level pressure, stabilizing voltage characteristic.

The governor circuit of coder:

With reference to accompanying drawing 3, the main control module of coder of the present utility model has adopted advanced MCU+CPLD pattern, and microprocessor IC16 selects the ATmega128 chip of atmel corp for use,

IC16 Atmega128 uses the 16MHz external crystal-controlled oscillation, fast, in time, accurately responds various functional tasks with the assurance system.Adopt the interior watchdog function of sheet to make system's energy reliably working.

Accurately write down for satisfying system, the integrated level of the regularly requirement of aspect, and raising system, in system, adopt have at a high speed, CPLD (CPLD) technology of concurrent working characteristic.The CPLD circuit as shown in Figure 4, the CPLD that native system is selected for use (IC17) is the ACEX1K family chip EP1K50TI144-3 of ALTERA company.It is embedded 50,000 logic gates and 5k byte memory has 100 universaling I/O ports, adopts 2.5V and 3.3V power supply.It is worked under the 40MHz crystal oscillator frequency, satisfied system accurately record and technical requirement regularly.CPLD inner integrated cpu interface logic, communication coding logic, communication decode logic, scrambler blast sequential logic, code translator blast sequential logic, interrupt management logic, and liquid crystal, keyboard interface logic etc.

IC17EP1K50TI144-3 is the SRAM cake core, after system's power down in the chip circuit logic lose, therefore in circuit, designed E ²PROM type configuring chip IC15 (EPC2LC20).When each system powers on, can automatically digital circuit logic be guided in the CPLD chip.

Storage and clock circuit

The storage chip that memory circuitry is selected for use is the RAM chip IC 1961LV5128 of 512k byte, 8 bit data width.In order still to keep data not lose when system's power down, designed power management chip IC20MAX691A and rechargeable battery (or farad capacitor) BT1 in the circuit.During system boot, charge the battery, and during system cut-off, rechargeable battery just can be powered to IC19 by IC20.In addition, designed in the circuit and had I ²The clock chip IC18PCF8563 of C interface makes system can possess the perpetual calendar function.

Wireless communication line

Wireless telecommunications emission, receiving circuit are the signal processing circuits that interface is carried out in realization coder and radio station.Major function is to realize the conversion between the digital signal and simulating signal in the communication.The parameter regulation that transmits and receives circuit is very important, and it directly influences the reliability and stability of communication.Accurate emission, receiving circuit are the assurances of high-quality wireless telecommunications.

The geophone signal metering circuit

With reference to accompanying drawing 5, absorb the external high voltage spike with two waves with absorber LR1 and LR2, circuit is formed protection.After absorbing protection through surge, signal also will pass through a common mode winding coil T1, is used to suppress the common mode interference noise that transmits the outside.

In order to measure wave detector resistance efficiently and accurately, designed constant-current source circuit in the system and formed by I1, R5, accurate measurement electric current is provided.

In order to eliminate DC component the well head seismic signal is measured the influence that produces, between constant current source and wave detector, use the break-make of photoelectricity solid switch IC3 Control current.Putting the R_M signal at ordinary times is high level, and then optoelectronic switch is connected, and steady current flows through wave detector, realizes measurement function.And in implementing the process of igniting, control R_M signal is low level, and then optoelectronic switch disconnects, and does not have this moment the electric current of constant current source output to flow through on the wave detector, and the voltage signal of generation is that the wave detector vibrations form fully.

Because the uncertainty of blast situation, the variation range of hole top signal is very big.In order to take into account effectively picking up of small-signal and large-signal, designed programmable gain amplifier IC21 in the circuit.By the high-low level state of IC21 A0, two pins of A1 is set, can make its output be 1,10,100 or 1000 times relation with input signal.In conjunction with 16 conversion accuracies of A/D converter IC87, can calculate in the ideal case, system can be right again $V_{\mathrm{uh}\min }=\frac{5V}{1000\×2^{16}}\≈0.1\mathrm{\μV}$ Signal effectively measure.This shows that the sensitivity of geophone signal metering circuit is very high.

The electric detonator resistance measuring circuit

With reference to accompanying drawing 6, the electric detonator resistance is measured also by adopting constant-current source circuit I1, R2 to realize.Produce certain voltage drop when steady current flows through electric detonator, this voltage differential signal directly adopts the AD ALT-CH alternate channel of IC17 ATmega128 to carry out analog to digital conversion after carrying out processing and amplifying by high performance operational amplifier U1 OP07 again.

The safety current of electric detonator is generally 20mA, surpasses this value if flow through the electric current of electric detonator, cause easily that then mistake is quick-fried, so the output current of constant current source can not be too big.And, require electric current to be the bigger the better again in order to improve the precision of measurement.After having taken all factors into consideration various factors, selecting R2 is 100 Ω.Then the output current of constant current source is:

$I_{\mathrm{cap}}=\frac{1240\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="100"\; label="mV"\; filenames="Y20082002604900111.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">mV</figure-callout>}}{100\mathrm{\&Omega;}}=12.4\mathrm{mA}$

Satisfy security needs fully.

Owing in implementing the process of igniting, have tens amperes big electric current to flow through on the electric detonator.So, must disconnect being connected between electric detonator metering circuit and the electric detonator at explosion time, design protection measure in circuit simultaneously.Constant current source and electric detonator be connected and disconnection realizes by multitool double throw switch CHARGE and ARM key.

At ordinary times, be in connection status between constant current source and the electric detonator, high-tension circuit and electric detonator are in off-state.Have only CHARGE and ARM key are pressed simultaneously, high-tension circuit just can be connected with electric detonator.Because the alternative of both sides relation, when ARM pressed, constant-current source circuit must disconnect with electric detonator.

High-tension circuit

The function that the analog board high-tension circuit is realized is: implementing to explode horizontal high voltage charging and the storage power of advancing, measure high-voltage value simultaneously.When ignition signal FIRE arrives, discharge high voltage electric energy, ignite electric detonator by discharge loop.

The high-voltage charging circuit has adopted high-performance DC-DC module T2 as shown in Figure 7.The preset value of high-voltage charging is provided with by menu, and preset value is converted to analog quantity HV_SET through D/A converter IC9 TLV5616."+" input end that the HV_SET signal is received comparer IC8 LM293 is reference voltage as a comparison, the high pressure sampled signal+HV_METER that obtains is in real time received "-" input end of comparer.During high-voltage charging, control HV_EN signal is a high level, makes 3, the 4 pin conductings of photoisolator IC2.When the level of+HV_METER was lower than HV_SET, comparer was output as low level, then 3 of IC1,4 pin conductings, and then make triode N4 conducting.At this moment, high-pressure modular is started working.When the level of+HV_METER was higher than HV_SET, the comparer output switching activity was a high level, and 3,4 pin of photoisolator IC1 disconnect, and triode N4 is ended, and high-pressure modular quits work.

High-voltage measuring circuit for high-tension circuit and digital circuit are effectively kept apart, and is realized the purpose of high-tension measurement having adopted linear light every technology in high-voltage measuring circuit as shown in Figure 8.

High-voltage energy storage, charge/discharge control circuit as shown in Figure 9, the electric capacity that has designed four 100 μ F/400V in the circuit is used for store electrical energy.Through string and after connecting, the highest withstand voltage be 800V, when igniting order when arriving, the FIRE signal is put low (be high level at ordinary times, IGBT power tube Q1 is ended), make the Q1 conducting.At this moment, if CHARGE and ARM key are pressed, the discharge loop of the electric detonator of then having contacted is connected, the high voltage electric energy abrupt release that electric capacity stores, and the big electric current that produces tens amperes is ignited electric detonator.The maximum electrical current continuously of the IGBT pipe that adopts in the circuit is 60A, and the maximum impulse electrical current is then up to 120A.Can guarantee when generally speaking, the electric detonator electrical current is greater than 4A to ignite.Whether enough big in order to know by the electric current of electric detonator, the sample resistance of one 0.5 Ω of polyphone in discharge loop.When electric current is enough big, the voltage official post light that produces on sample resistance is every the IC4 conducting, then/and the CTB signal becomes low level (drawn at ordinary times and be high level).Variation by/CTB signal just can be known the ignition success or not.When but high pressure has been substituted the bad for the good when no longer igniting, as long as the CHARGE key unclamps, IC17ATmega128 can uprise by control signal DUMP, and then makes the Q4 conducting, slowly discharges.

Demonstration, keyboard circuit

Keyboard makes normality key assignments level for high by drawing on the resistance.Ground connection when key is pressed, the low level key assignments is read into microprocessor by CPLD.Display circuit is exactly the interface circuit of liquid crystal, employing be the LCDs of 128*64 resolution.

External interface circuit

The external interface circuit of coder mainly contains interface circuit and the serial interface circuit that connects the instrument truck signal.

The instrument truck interface circuit comprises: TB, CLK1, CLK2, START and ADATA several signals.In these signals, instrument truck enabling signal START is an input signal, makes and uses up every internal circuit and external circuit are effectively kept apart.Other three road signal is an output signal all, uses U1 7408 to strengthen its driving force in circuit.

Serial data communication is Transistor-Transistor Logic level with IC2 MAX202 with the CMOS level conversion, to realize that coder is connected with the standard RS-232 signal of instrument truck or PC.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of seismic exploration encoding/decoding device, it is characterized in that: mainly by outer casing base, operating switch and Circuits System are formed, outer casing base is provided with outer casing upper cover (12) and handle (7), outer casing upper cover is provided with display panels (10), supervisory keyboard (11), electric detonator CAP-binding post (8), electric detonator CAP+ binding post (9), CHARGE charge switch (5) and ARM preparation switch (6), the lower end of base is provided with external GPS communication port socket (2), interface socket (3) and gps antenna socket (4), described outer casing base inside is provided with Circuits System, described Circuits System mainly is made up of digital circuit part and artificial circuit part, and described digital circuit part mainly comprises power supply and electric power management circuit, governor circuit, storage and clock circuit, man-machine interface circuit and external interface circuit; Artificial circuit part mainly comprises high-voltage charging circuit, high-voltage energy storage and charge/discharge control circuit and electric detonator, wave detector, high-voltage measuring circuit;

Described power supply and electric power management circuit: adopt the voltage transitions chip, by powering on and power down of control realization system;

Governor circuit: adopt microprocessor and programmable logic device (CPLD);

Geophone signal metering circuit: in the geophone signal metering circuit, absorb the external high voltage spike with two waves with absorber LR1 and LR2, circuit is formed protection, after surge absorption protection, signal also will pass through a common mode winding coil T1, is used to suppress the common mode interference noise that transmits the outside;

The electric detonator resistance measuring circuit: the electric detonator resistance is measured also by adopting constant-current source circuit I1, R2 to realize, at ordinary times, be in connection status between constant current source and the electric detonator, high-tension circuit and electric detonator are in off-state, have only operating switch CHARGE and ARM key are pressed simultaneously, high-tension circuit just can be connected with electric detonator;

High-voltage charging circuit: implementing to explode horizontal high voltage charging and the storage power of advancing, measure high-voltage value simultaneously, when ignition signal FIRE arrives, discharge high voltage electric energy, ignite electric detonator by discharge loop;

High-voltage energy storage, charge/discharge control circuit: when igniting the order arrival, operating switch CHARGE and ARM key are pressed, and the discharge loop of the electric detonator of then having contacted is connected, and the high voltage electric energy abrupt release that electric capacity stores produces big electric current electric detonator is ignited;

External interface circuit: the external interface circuit of coder mainly contains interface circuit and the serial interface circuit that connects the instrument truck signal;

The man-machine interface circuit: adopt display screen and keyboard, keyboard makes normality key assignments level for high by drawing on the resistance, ground connection when key is pressed, and the low level key assignments is read into microprocessor by CPLD.

2, seismic exploration encoding/decoding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the microprocessor that described governor circuit adopts is selected the ATmega128 chip of atmel corp for use, and the CPLD that selects for use is the ACEX1K family chip EP1K50TI144-3 of ALTERA company.

3, seismic exploration encoding/decoding device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described storage and clock circuit: the storage chip that memory circuitry is selected for use is the RAM chip 61LV5128 of 512k byte, 8 bit data width, and be provided with power management chip MAX691A and rechargeable battery or farad capacitor BT1, when system's power down, can keep data not lose.

4, seismic exploration encoding/decoding device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described Circuits System comprises wireless telecommunications emission, receiving circuit, the conversion in the realization communication between digital signal and the simulating signal.

Images