CN201107259Y - 细菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测试剂盒 - Google Patents
细菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型提供的细菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测试剂盒由PCR反应液1、标准品2、阳性对照品3、阴性对照品4、抽提裂解液5、操作说明书6、包装盒体7组成。盒体7设有容器孔,分别放置PCR反应液管1、标准品2、阳性对照品3、阴性对照品4、抽提裂解液5,PCR反应液管由单管分装,矩阵排列。本实用新型提供的试剂盒设计合理,有效地解决了以往PCR方法只能用于检测单一病原菌的问题,对常见的细菌感染进行通用检测,提高了细菌检测的通用性和敏感性,提高了区分细菌性和非细菌性的能力。检测时间短快速,检测方法特异、敏感、准确。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型属生物技术领域,涉及定量PCR检测试剂盒,具体涉及一种实时荧光定量PCR检测细菌性感染患儿血液、脑脊液、胸水、腹水等样本中细菌DNA的试剂盒。
背景技术
细菌16SrRNA基因是细菌染色体上编码rRNA相对应的DNA序列。该基因具有以下两大特点:(1)多拷贝:16S rRNA编码基因以多拷贝形式存在于所有细菌染色体基因组中,每个细菌约含5~10个拷贝,这使得对该基因的检测具有敏感性。(2)多信息:16S rRNA编码基因内部结构由可变区和保守区组成。保守区为所有细菌所共有,有“分子化石”之称。可根据保守区设计各种细菌的通用引物和通用探针,用于临床常见细菌的通用检测。目前,几乎所有病原菌的16S rRNA基因测序完成。因此16S rRNA基因已成为较理想的临床细菌感染检测靶基因序列,逐渐成为细菌与其它病原体鉴别、分类的金标准。
实时荧光定量技术的基本原理:利用Taq酶的5′-3′外切酶核酸活性,在普通聚合酶链反应基础上,设计荧光双标记探针,分别标记上荧光报告基团(R)和淬灭基团(Q)。当这条探针保持完整时,R基团的荧光信号被Q基团抑制,一旦探针被切断,抑制作用消失,R基团的荧光信号就可以被检测到。该方法采用完全闭管检测,省去了对PCR产物后处理,避免了交叉污染,结果判断由计算机完成,简化了操作步骤,并增加了结果的可靠性。
败血症(Septicemia)是指病原菌及其毒素侵入血流所引起的临床综合症。病程中常有炎症介质的激活与释放,引起高热、寒颤、心动过速、呼吸急促、皮疹和神志改变等一系列临床症状,严重者可引起休克、DIC和多器官功能衰竭。即使给予适当的抗生素治疗,病死率仍较高。儿童特别是新生儿由于自身抵抗力差、皮肤薄嫩、出生后脐部未愈合等均易患败血症。儿童败血症如果不能早期判断,及时、彻底地治疗,可致化脓性脑膜炎发生,影响小儿智力发育,导致儿童伤残和死亡。
儿童败血症缺乏特异性临床症状及早期可靠的实验室指标,早期诊断十分困难。目前已有多种实验室方法应用于儿童败血症的诊断中,如血培养、血常规、急性时相蛋白如CRP,病灶分泌物培养及涂片,病原菌抗原检测如对流免疫电泳(CIE),以及分子生物学检测如限制性内切酶分析(RFLP)、DNA探针等方法。荧光定量PCR法是近几年兴起的生物学技术,具有准确性高、重现性好等特点,已广泛用于基因表达研究、病原体检测、SNP分析等诸多领域,在检测与应用领域是目前的研究热点之一。
随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展及其在医学研究中的广泛应用,建立快速可靠的诊断儿童败血症和化脓性脑膜炎等细菌性感染疾病的新方法已成为可能并被尝试。
发明内容
本实用新型的目的是提供细菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测试剂盒,该试剂盒由PCR反应液、标准品、阳性对照品、阴性对照品、抽提裂解液、操作说明书、包装盒体组成,盒体设有容器孔,分别放置PCR反应液、标准品、阳性对照品、阴性对照品、抽提裂解液,PCR反应液管由单管分装,矩阵排列。
其中定量PCR反应液含有PCR缓冲液、MgCl2、dNTPs、细菌检测用上游引物、检测用下游引物、荧光探针、耐热DNA聚合酶(Taq DNA聚合酶)组成。抽提裂解液含有10mmol/L Tri-HCl pH7.6 5mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA),0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)。
定量PCR反应液必须用0.22μm膜过滤预处理。
其中:
上游引物序列为: 5`-CAACGCGAAGAACCTTACC-3`
下游引物序列为: 5′-ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC-3′。
荧光探针序列为: 5′-FAM-TAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAA-TAMRA-3′。
标准品序列为:
CAACGCGAAG AACCTTACCT GGTCTTGACA TCCACAGAAC TTTCCAGAGA
TGGATTGGTG CCTTCGGGAA CTGTGAGACA GGTGCTGCAT GGCTGTCGTC
AGCTCGTGTT GTGAAATGTT GGGTTAAGTC CCGCAACGAG CGCAACCCTT
ATCCTTTGTT GCCAGCGGTC CGGCCGGGAA CTCAAAGGAG ACTGCCAGTG
ATAAACTGGA GGAAGGTGGG GATGACGT
对照品分为阳性对照品和阴性对照品,阴性对照为无菌注射用水样品,阳性对照为大肠埃希菌灭活DNA样品。
本定量试剂保存于-20℃,尽量减少反复冻融。
本品选用临床常见菌16S rRNA基因高度保守的扩增靶区域,设计细菌通用引物和通用TaqMan荧光探针,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,实时定量检测临床样本细菌DNA的应用。
本实用新型试剂盒使用方法:
每次检测均应设立阳性对照和阴性对照。标准品用无菌去离子水稀释为1×102-1×109拷贝/ml。
细菌DNA提取:采集新鲜的全血1ml放置于含枸缘酸钠抗凝集液的无菌真空采血管中,混匀取全血50ul加等量的抽提裂解液(10mmol/L Tri-HCl pH7.6 5mmol/L EDTA,0.5%SDS)置100℃煮沸10min,12000r/min离心5min,取5μl上清作为PCR模板。菌液、脑脊液、胸水、腹水等样本方法同上。
扩增检测:在荧光定量PCR仪上进行,总体积50μl,其中45.0μl PCR反应液,5μl检测样品(提取产物、标准品、阳性或阴性对照)。反应条件:94℃5min预变性,94℃20sec、60℃60sec为一个循环,共循环40次。
荧光定量结果报告:①CT值(threshold cycle,每个反应管内的荧光信号达到设定的域值时所经历的循环数)等于40.0的标本为阴性,②CT值≤35的标本,检测结果为阳性,③CT值在35~40之间为灰值区域,重做后大于38值为阴性。根据所获得的标准曲线,计算得到各待测标本中细菌的量(拷贝数/ml)。
本实用新型的有益之处是:该试剂盒运用实时荧光定量PCR技术实现了对临床常见菌通用检测的目的。有效地解决了以往PCR方法只能用于检测单一病原菌的问题,对常见的细菌感染进行通用检测,提高了细菌检测的通用性和敏感性,提高了区分细菌性和非细菌性的能力。为细菌性感染的早期病原体检测提供依据。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。
图2为大肠埃希菌标准品片段序列。
图3为细菌实时荧光定量PCR标准品检测。
图4为细菌实时荧光定量PCR标准曲线。
具体实施方式
本实用新型结合附图和具体实施例作进一步说明。应该理解,这些实施例仅用于说明目的,而不用于限制本实用新型范围。
实施例1
参见图1,本实用新型提供的细菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测试剂盒由PCR反应液1、标准品2、阳性对照品3、阴性对照品4、抽提裂解液5、操作说明书6、包装盒体7组成。盒体7设有容器孔,分别放置PCR反应液管1、标准品2、阳性对照品3、阴性对照品4、抽提裂解液5,PCR反应液管由单管分装,矩阵排列。
其中定量PCR反应液含有PCR缓冲液、MgCl2、dNTPs、细菌检测用上游引物、检测用下游引物、荧光探针、耐热DNA聚合酶(Taq DNA聚合酶)组成。抽提裂解液含有10mmol/L Tri-HCl pH7.6 5mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA),0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)。
实施例2 细菌荧光定量PCR法检测临床常见分离株
一、材料:
临床常见细菌分离菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌均由本实验室培养提供;pGEM-T-Easy克隆系统、Taq DNA聚合酶、dNTP等PCR相关试剂购自美国Promega公司,测序试剂、377型测序仪、PE-5700型定量PCR仪均为美国Perkin Elmer公司产品。
二、引物及探针设计与合成:
选择临床引起败血症和化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)的常见细菌22种菌属50个菌株,其中革兰阴阳性菌株各为25株(见表1)。应用MEGALIGN软件分析其16S rRNA基因序列,寻找不同细菌种属间的保守片段,分析生物进化树的规律,根据引物和探针的设计原则,在这些细菌保守区域筛选通用引物和通用探针,从中选择最佳一对组合。
上游引物序列为: 5`-CAACGCGAAGAACCTTACC-3`
下游引物序列为: 5′-ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC-3′ 均由上海生工公司合成。
荧光探针序列为:5′-FAM-TAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAA-TAMRA-3′。由大连宝生物技术公司合成。
表1 临床引起败血症和化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)的常见细菌
Genus | Speciesb | accessionno. | Genus | Speciesb | accessionno. |
Gram-positive bacteria | Gram-negative bacteria | ||||
Bacillus | B.subtilis | AB065370 | Acinetobacter | A.baumannii | X81660 |
Enterococcus | E.avium | AJ301825 | A.lwoffii | U10875 | |
E.faecalis | AJ276460 | Aeromonas | A.hydrophila | AM262157 | |
E.faecium | AJ874342 | Citrobacter | C.braakii | AF025368 | |
Listeria | L.monocy | AY946290 | C.freundii | AM184281 | |
Staphylococcus | S.aureus | X68417 | Edwardsiella | E.tarda | DQ233654 |
S.auricularis | D83358 | Enterobacter | E.aerogenes | AJ251468 | |
S.capitis | AY030321 | E.cloacae | AJ251469 | ||
S.cohnii | AJ717378 | Escherichia | E.coli | AF233451 | |
S.epidermidis | L37605 | Haemophilus | H.influenzae | AF224306 | |
S.haemolyticus | L37600 | H.haemolyticus | M75045 | ||
S.hominis | AY030318 | Klebsiella | K.oxytoca | EF127829 | |
S.hyicus | D83368 | K.pneumoniae | AF130981 | ||
S.lentus | D83370 | Neisseria | N.meningitidis | AF059671 | |
S.saprophyticus | D83371 | Pasteurella | P.haemolytica | M75080 | |
S.schleiferi | D83372 | Proteus | P.mirabilis | AF008582 | |
S.simulans | D83373 | P.penneri | AJ634474 | ||
S.warneri | L37603 | P.vulgaris | AJ301683 | ||
S.xylosus | D83374 | Providencia | P.alcalifaciens | AJ301684 | |
Streptococcus | S.agalactiae | AB023574 | Pseudomonas | P.aeruginosa | AF094720 |
S.mitis | AY005045 | P.fluorescens | AM410631 | ||
S.mutans | AF139603 | Salmonella | S.paratyphiA | X80682 | |
S.pneumoniae | AF003930 | Serratia | S.marcescens | EF035134 | |
S.pyogenes | AB023575 | Shigella | S.dysenteriae | X96966 | |
S.sanguis | AF003928 | Yersinia | Y.enterocolitica | AF366378 |
三、检测标准品制备:
用上述引物扩增标准菌株大肠埃希菌,PCR产物为228bp,PCR产物经电泳检测后即用克隆系统插入pGEM-T-Easy克隆载体,抽提重组克隆质粒,用载体引物M13R对重组的阳性克隆进行测序验证。测定浓度并换算成(拷贝数/体积)。
结果:经测序,上述设计标准品完全与预期相符,其中的标准品片段序列为大肠埃希菌,参见图2。
四、临床常见菌株梯度稀释对照试验:
从三种常见的临床分离株(金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌)的培养基上用无菌棉签分别刮取少量菌斑,各自放于含有2ml的无菌水的试管中,用比浊仪配成0.5滴度的液体(相当于浓度为108 CFU/ml)。分别对该三种菌株依次进行10-1次、10-2次、10-3次、10-4次、10-5次方稀释,各取10-5次、10-4次、10-3次方稀释液5ul荧光定量和划平板细菌37℃隔夜培养,次日计数培养皿的菌落数。
表2平板菌落计数与荧光定量PCR检测结果对照
平板菌落计数(CFU/5ul) | 荧光定量CT值±SD | |
金黄色葡萄球菌10-5金黄色葡萄球菌10-4金黄色葡萄球菌10-3表皮葡萄球菌10-5表皮葡萄球菌10-4表皮葡萄球菌10-3大肠埃希菌10-5大肠埃希菌10-4大肠埃希菌10-3 | 376500329213836241 | 37.90±0.3433.98±0.7529.37±0.2638.17±0.2034.68±0.3430.79±0.8936.60±1.0132.76±0.3730.17±0.12 |
实施例3 细菌荧光定量PCR试剂盒检测应用
一、标本检测:
选取2003年12月~2005年12月,我院新生儿病房及NICU临床疑为细菌感染(均有细菌感染的易感因素及临床表现)的住院新生儿(年龄1d~28d,男420例,女410例,其中早产儿65例,其余为足月儿)830例,该830例新生儿患儿的易感因素及临床表现主要有早产儿、黄疸、肺炎、肠炎、发热、感染性休克等为主。选同期因非感染性疾病住院的新生儿30例标本作为对照。每例抽取静脉血各1~2ml分别送检血培养和细菌16SrRNA荧光定量PCR基因检测。
二、样品检测结果
标准品检测结果见图3。检测的标准曲线见图4。
830例患者血标本荧光定量PCR和血培养检测结果如下:
表3 16SrRNA基因荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)与血培养细菌检测结果对照
血培养阳性 | 血培养阴性 | 合计 | |
FQ-PCR阳性FQ-PCR阴性合计 | 20020 | 23787810 | 43787830 |
X2=21.043 P<0.01 |
细菌16SrRNA基因荧光定量PCR检测阳性率5.18%(43/830),血培养阳性率2.41%(20/830),前者明显高于后者,差异有统计学意义P<0.01,且血培养阳性的20例标本荧光定量PCR检测均为阳性(表3)。30例非感染性疾病患儿荧光定量PCR检测及细菌培养均为阴性。若以血培养作为对照,细菌荧光定量PCR方法的诊断敏感性为100%,特异性为97.16%,正确诊断指数为0.972。
本实用新型是结合最佳实施例进行描述的,然而在阅读了本实用新型的上述内容后,本领域技术人员可以对本实用新型作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种细菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测试剂盒,其特征是由PCR反应液(1)、标准品(2)、阳性对照品(3)、阴性对照品(4)、抽提裂解液(5)、操作说明书(6)、包装盒体(7)组成,包装盒体(7)设有容器孔,分别放置PCR反应液管(1)、标准品(2)、阳性对照品(3)、阴性对照品(4)、抽提裂解液(5),PCR反应液(1)由单管分装,矩阵排列。
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