CN201089372Y - 混合电力能源的电动载具 - Google Patents

混合电力能源的电动载具 Download PDF

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CN201089372Y
CN201089372Y CNU2007201276527U CN200720127652U CN201089372Y CN 201089372 Y CN201089372 Y CN 201089372Y CN U2007201276527 U CNU2007201276527 U CN U2007201276527U CN 200720127652 U CN200720127652 U CN 200720127652U CN 201089372 Y CN201089372 Y CN 201089372Y
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electric
fuel cell
electric power
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王裕进
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Shengguang Sci & Tech Co Ltd
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Abstract

本实用新型公开一种混合电力能源的电动载具，包括电动载具、燃料电池、二次电池、电力管理单元以及电动机。其中，该电力管理单元是包括电压/电流判别手段、电压/电流控制手段以及资讯储存手段的电路，以及该燃料电池与二次电池是通过电力管理单元将电力输出至电动载具中的数个负载，该些负载是包括该电动机以及电动载具使用电能进行运作的其它装置。

Description

混合电力能源的电动载具
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种混合电力能源的电动载具，尤其涉及一种整合燃料电池与二次电池，以达成具有多种电力产生装置的电动载具者。
背景技术
现有的燃料电池是利用甲醇等含氢燃料，经由氧化还原反应之后，形成电流回路，用以提供电源之需。由于这类燃料电池所使用的液态的燃料具有经济且高效率的特性，因而可以满足现今动力载具的取代性能源的需求。再者，为了降低石油的消耗，目前的动力载具多以汽油与电力的混合能源系统供给动力载具所需的能源，并进一步转换为机械动力。然而，使用汽油能源，必须搭载庞大的引擎，使得汽油能源的效率受到限制。另外，汽油能源必须再经过发电机组，方能转换为电力能源而整合另一电力供给装置的电力输出，使得能源的转换效率也受到限制。
实用新型内容
本实用新型主要目的是提供一种混合电力能源的电动载具结构，用以整合有燃料电池以及其它二次电池的电力供应系统，并应用于电动载具者。
本实用新型的另一目的是提供一种混合电力能源的电动载具结构，包括电力管理单元调节燃料电池与二次电池的电力输出，而提供负载的电力需求。
本实用新型的再一目的是提供一种混合电力能源的电动载具结构，包括电力管理单元，可用以判断负载的电力需求，而调节燃料电池与二次电池的电力输出。
基于前述本实用新型所欲达成的目的，一种混合电力能源的电动载具，包括电动载具、燃料电池、二次电池、电力管理单元以及电动机。其中，该电力管理单元是包括电压/电流判别手段、电压/电流控制手段以及资讯储存手段的电路，以及该燃料电池与二次电池是通过电力管理单元将电力输出至电动载具中的数个负载，该些负载是包括该电动机以及电动载具使用电能进行运作的其它装置。
再者，该电力管理单元通过其电压/电流判别手段与控制手段，限制该燃料电池的电流输出值小于或等于Imax，或者该直流电压转换器限制该燃料电池输出电流值维持在电流值Imax，且该直流电压转换器是选择二次电池并联输出电力。
另外，该直流电压转换器也可限制该燃料电池输出电流值维持在电流值Imax，且该直流电压转换器选择该燃料电池同时供给电力至各个负载与二次电池，以提供负载所需电力，并同时进行二次电池的充电。
本实用新型具有以下有益效果：
本实用新型的混合电力能源的电动载具结构，整合有燃料电池以及其它二次电池的电力供应系统，同时发挥了燃料电池与其它二次电池的供电特性。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具的具体实施例的元件关联图；
图2是本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具所使用的燃料电池的电流-功率特性曲线图。
图3是本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具的另一具体实施例的元件关联图。
【主要元件符号说明】
燃料电池(10)
二次电池(20)
电力管理单元(30)
直流电压转换器(31)
电动机(40)
具体实施方式
下面配合附图将本实用新型较佳实施例详细说明如下。
图1是本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具的具体实施例的元件关联图。请参见图1所显示，本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具是一燃料电池(10)、一二次电池(20)、一电力管理单元(30)以及一电动机(40)所构成的多能源电力系统，用以整合多种电源提供电动载具的电动机(40)以及其它负载使用。以电动机车的电动载具为例，可透过该燃料电池(10)与二次电池(20)供给电动机(40)所需的电力，再由该电动机(40)产生驱动电动机车移动的动力，且各单元详述如后。
本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具中，该燃料电池(10)是经过含氢燃料(如甲醇)、氧燃料以及触媒物质进行电化学反应而产生电力的一种能量转换器，并通过电力管理单元(30)将电力输出该各个负载，此负载包括电动机(40)以及电动载具中利用电能进行运作的其它装置。该二次电池(20)是另一电力产生装置，其可以是可将储存的化学能转换为电能，其所产生的电力也是通过电力管理单元(30)将电力输出该各个负载。举例来说，该二次电池可以是一种可充电式锂电池。该电力管理单元(30)是具有电压/电流判别手段、电压/电流控制手段以及资讯储存手段的电路，使得该电力管理单元(30)可通过其电压/电流判别手段判别燃料电池(10)或二次电池(20)电力输出以及判断电动机(40)的电力需求，并藉以通过其电压/电流控制手段操作燃料电池(10)与二次电池(20)，而电压/电流判别手段与电压/电流控制手段是通过资讯储存手段所储存并执行者。该电动机(40)具有电动机控制操作手段的电路，以进行电能转换为机械动力的装置，举例来说，该电动机(40)可以是一马达。
图2是本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具所使用的燃料电池的电流-功率特性曲线图。参考图2所显示，该燃料电池(10)的电流输出值会对应一个功率输出值，这是一般燃料电池(10)的特性，其中当燃料电池(10)产生最大输出功率Pmax时，所对应的输出电流值是Imax，且该电力管理单元(30)是限制燃料电池(10)的运作以特定输出电压值的方式输出电力，此时燃料电池(10)的输出电流值会配合所有负载所需的电力总功率自动地改变，该电力管理单元(30)并进一步限制燃料电池(10)最大输出电流值是Imax。
图3是本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具的另一具体实施例的元件关联图。请参见图3所显示，前述的电力管理单元(30)包括直流电压转换器(31)，该直流电压转换器(31)是利用电路手段并通过降压逻辑(buck logic)或者是升压逻辑(boost logic)，将燃料电池(10)的输出电力转换输出为定电压输出，藉以提供给各个负载使用，包括电动机(40)以及电动载具中利用电能进行运作的其它装置。举例来说，这些装置包括电动载具的照明装置、各个控制器以及各种电子装置。当然，直流电压转换器(31)的输出定电压，并不受限于只输出一种定电压，依据负载的实际需求，直流电压转换器(31)也可以更改成具备不同输出定电压的能力。
前述的电力管理单元(30)是通过判断该电动机(40)以及其他负载所需的电流大小或功率大小是否大于燃料电池(10)所对应的电流值Imax或者是最大输出功率Pmax。若该些负载所需的电流大小或功率大小小于或等于燃料电池(10)所对应的电流值Imax或者是最大输出功率Pmax者，即燃料电池(10)所输出的电力足以供给负载所需者；若该些负载所需的电流大小或功率大小大于燃料电池(10)所对应的电流值Imax或者是最大输出功率Pmax者，即燃料电池(10)所输出的电力不足以供给负载所需者。因此，当燃料电池(10)所输出电流值维持在小于或等于电流值Imax，且燃料电池(10)所输出的电力足以供给该些负载所需时，该直流电压转换器(31)是选择停止二次电池(20)提供电力的状态，且通过该直流电压转换器(31)将燃料电池(10)所输出的电力转换为稳定电压与电流，经由其直流电压转换器(31)输出供给该些负载所需电力。
当前述的燃料电池(10)所输出电流值维持在小于或等于电流值Imax，且燃料电池(10)所输出的电力不足以供给该些负载所需时，该直流电压转换器(31)是选择二次电池(20)提供电力[0]的状态，且通过该直流电压转换器(31)将燃料电池(10)以及二次电池(20)所输出的电力转换为稳定电压，并以并联输出电力，且经由其直流电压转换器(31)输出供给该负载所需电力。
另外，当前述的燃料电池(10)足以单独供应该负载所需的电力时，该直流电压转换器(31)可选择停止二次电池(20)继续供给电力至负载，并选择该燃料电池(10)可同时供给电力至二次电池(20)，藉以进行二次电池(20)的充电。
基于本实用新型混合电力能源的电动载具，其负载包括电动机(40)以及电动载具其它具有电力需求的装置，因此，当以电动机车为本实用新型电动载具的实施例时，使用者根据路况以及所需车速调节电动机(40)的转速与扭力，然而电力管理单元(30)可以根据需求而选择以燃料电池(10)或二次电池(20)为主要电力输出，这样的需求可以包括以较容易获得补充能源者为主要电力输出、以具有较高能源使用效率者为主要电力输出以及其它各种需求中的任一。再者，以超车、使用照明或方向灯等状况中，电动载具会提然增加其电力需求，而此时若是以燃料电池(10)为主要电力输出者，燃料电池(10)的电力输出的反应时间会跟不上电力需求的变化，因此，在电力需求骤升的时候，电力管理单元(30)会选择二次电池(20)以并联方式输出电力。
另外，本实用新型电动载具中，可依据前述的二次电池(20)的设置，而设置有复数个相同或不同的二次电池(20)。举例来说，各个二次电池(20)可以分别是锂电池以及铅蓄电池。另外各个二次电池(20)也可以分别具有不同的电力输出特性，包括不同的输出电流以及不同的输出功率。
本实用新型的混合电力能源的电动载具结构，乃整合有燃料电池以及其它二次电池的电力供应系统，同时发挥了燃料电池与其它二次电池的供电特性，此项即为本实用新型的优点所在。
以上公开的仅为本实用新型的几个具体实施例，但是，本实用新型并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本实用新型的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，包括：
一电力管理单元；一燃料电池，与所述电力管理单元连接；
一二次电池，与所述电力管理单元连接；以及
一电动机，与所述电力管理单元连接；
其中，所述电力管理单元是包括电压/电流判别手段以及资讯储存手段的电路；以及所述燃料电池是通过电力管理单元将电力输出至电动载具中的数个负载，所述负载是包括该电动机以及电动载具使用电能进行运作的其它装置。
2.如权利要求1所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，所述电力管理单元通过其电压/电流判别手段，限制该燃料电池的电流输出值小于或等于电流值Imax。
3.如权利要求2所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，所述电力管理单元包括直流电压转换器，所述直流电压转换器是利用电路手段并通过降压逻辑或者是升压逻辑，将燃料电池的输出电力转换输出为定电压输出。
4.如权利要求3所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，所述直流电压转换器是可以选择输出的定电压值。
5.如权利要求2所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，所述燃料电池输出电流值是维持在电流值Imax，且所述直流电压转换器是选择二次电池并联输出电力。
6.如权利要求2所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，所述燃料电池输出电流值是维持在电流值Imax，且所述直流电压转换器选择该燃料电池同时供给电力至各个负载与二次电池。
7.如权利要求1所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，进一步设置有复数个二次电池。
8.如权利要求1所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，所述各个二次电池分别选择锂电池、铅蓄电池以及其它可充电式电池中的任一。
9.如权利要求1所述混合电力能源的电动载具，其特征在于，所述各个二次电池分别选择不同的输出电流、不同的输出功率以及其它不同的电力输出特性中的任一。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105383421A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-09 丰田自动车株式会社 电源装置
CN108134112A (zh) * 2017-12-25 2018-06-08 东风农业装备（襄阳）有限公司 燃料电池系统及其应用
CN108162781A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-15 东莞北京航空航天大学研究院 基于新能源汽车的动力系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105383421A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-09 丰田自动车株式会社 电源装置
US9718369B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2017-08-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power supply device
CN105383421B (zh) * 2014-08-28 2018-05-08 丰田自动车株式会社 电源装置
CN108134112A (zh) * 2017-12-25 2018-06-08 东风农业装备（襄阳）有限公司 燃料电池系统及其应用
CN108162781A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-15 东莞北京航空航天大学研究院 基于新能源汽车的动力系统

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