CN201063050Y - A Microwear Measuring Device for a Charged Friction Pair - Google Patents
A Microwear Measuring Device for a Charged Friction Pair Download PDFInfo
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- CN201063050Y CN201063050Y CNU2007201245459U CN200720124545U CN201063050Y CN 201063050 Y CN201063050 Y CN 201063050Y CN U2007201245459 U CNU2007201245459 U CN U2007201245459U CN 200720124545 U CN200720124545 U CN 200720124545U CN 201063050 Y CN201063050 Y CN 201063050Y
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种带电摩擦副微磨损测量装置,由悬梁臂、杆杠加载系统、带电摩擦机构和检测输出机构组成。悬梁臂的上端通过销轴固定在机架上,其下部的工作面上安装被磨件;杆杠加载系统由平衡杆、配重块和砝码组成;带电摩擦机构由对磨件、触头、电流表、可调电阻和直流稳压电源依次串连而成,带电摩擦机构通过导线与被磨件构成电流回路;检测输出机构包括位移传感器和计算机。本实用新型采用计算机控制、处理技术,因而排除了人为因素的干扰,提高了检测的精度和速度;此外本实用新型结构简单、操作方便,可广泛应用于电刷材料耐磨性能评定、换向器材料的电滑动接触磨损性能评定等在微电环境下,对摩擦副的微磨损量进行测量的领域。
The utility model provides a micro-abrasion measuring device for a live friction pair, which is composed of a cantilever arm, a lever loading system, a live friction mechanism and a detection output mechanism. The upper end of the cantilever arm is fixed on the frame through the pin shaft, and the workpiece to be worn is installed on the working surface of the lower part; the lever loading system is composed of a balance bar, a counterweight and a weight; the live friction mechanism is composed of a grinding piece, a contact , ammeter, adjustable resistance and DC stabilized power supply are connected in series in sequence, and the charged friction mechanism forms a current loop through the wire and the workpiece to be worn; the detection output mechanism includes a displacement sensor and a computer. The utility model adopts computer control and processing technology, thereby eliminating the interference of human factors and improving the accuracy and speed of detection; in addition, the utility model has simple structure and convenient operation, and can be widely used in the evaluation of the wear resistance of brush materials, commutation In the field of measuring the micro-wear of friction pairs in the micro-electrical environment, such as the evaluation of electrical sliding contact wear performance of device materials.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种检测设备,具体涉及一种对带电环境中的摩擦副微磨损量进行检测的装置。The utility model relates to a detection device, in particular to a device for detecting the micro-abrasion of a friction pair in a charged environment.
背景技术 Background technique
在工程上对作相对运动且存在相互摩擦磨损的机件统称为摩擦副。对摩擦副二元件应采用系统分析的方法进行研究,以便于解决摩擦副间所发生的一系列现象。如直流微电机一般采用换向器与电刷的滑动接触,实现电力传输维持电机运转,换向器工作时属于受弱电滑动电接触状态,其工作电流通常小于1A,换向器和电刷材料的电滑动接触磨损性能对电机的稳定性和使用寿命有着举足轻重的影响。只有当电刷与换向器保持良好的滑动接触,才能保证电机的正常运行;而这种滑动接触会造成电刷与换向器的磨损,因此电刷与换向器便是一对摩擦副。当摩擦副磨损到一定程度就会导致短路或死机等事故发生。所以换向器材料和电刷材料在电滑动接触条件下的耐磨性能对电机的稳定性和使用寿命有着举足轻重的影响。而换向器和电刷工作时属于受弱电滑动电接触状态,但目前对受弱电滑动电接触的摩擦副微磨损现象研究很少,用于测量磨损量的仪器设备则更少。In engineering, the parts that perform relative motion and have mutual friction and wear are collectively referred to as friction pairs. The second element of the friction pair should be studied by the method of systematic analysis, so as to solve a series of phenomena that occur between the friction pair. For example, DC micro motors generally use the sliding contact between the commutator and the brush to realize power transmission and maintain the operation of the motor. When the commutator is working, it is in the state of sliding electrical contact with weak current, and its working current is usually less than 1A. The commutator and brush materials The wear performance of the electrical sliding contact has a decisive influence on the stability and service life of the motor. Only when the brush and the commutator maintain a good sliding contact can the normal operation of the motor be guaranteed; and this sliding contact will cause wear of the brush and the commutator, so the brush and the commutator are a pair of friction pairs . When the friction pair wears to a certain extent, it will cause accidents such as short circuit or crash. Therefore, the wear resistance of commutator materials and brush materials under the condition of electric sliding contact has a decisive influence on the stability and service life of the motor. The commutator and brushes are in the state of sliding electrical contact with weak current when they work, but there are few researches on the micro-wear phenomenon of the friction pair under the sliding electrical contact of weak current, and there are even fewer instruments and equipment used to measure the amount of wear.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本实用新型的目的是提供一种在弱电工况下,对摩擦件的磨损量进行测量的装置。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a device for measuring the amount of wear of friction parts under weak current conditions.
本实用新型的目的是这样实现的:一种带电摩擦副微磨损测量装置,其特征在于由悬梁臂、杆杠加载系统、带电摩擦机构和检测输出机构组成;The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: a micro-wear measurement device for live friction pairs, characterized in that it consists of a cantilever arm, a lever loading system, a live friction mechanism and a detection output mechanism;
悬梁臂的上端通过销轴固定在机架上,其下部的工作面上安装被磨件,被磨件用绝缘压片固定在悬梁臂下部的一侧面上,被磨件与悬梁臂之间设有绝缘板;The upper end of the cantilever arm is fixed on the frame through the pin shaft, and the workpiece to be worn is installed on the working surface of the lower part. With insulation board;
杆杠加载系统由平衡杆、配重块和砝码组成,平衡杆一端固定连接配重块,另一端悬吊砝码;悬梁臂通过销轴活动连接于平衡杆的中部;The lever loading system consists of a balance bar, a counterweight and a weight. One end of the balance bar is fixedly connected to the counterweight, and the other end is suspended from the weight; the cantilever arm is movably connected to the middle of the balance bar through a pin;
带电摩擦机构由对磨件、触头、电流表、可调电阻和直流稳压电源依次串连而成,带电摩擦机构通过导线与被磨件构成电流回路;对磨件为圆柱体结构,并横向设于悬梁臂固定有被磨件的一侧,对磨件由主动绝缘轴和从动绝缘轴从轴向进行固定,主动绝缘轴通过扭转弹簧与电动机相连接。对磨件的圆柱面与被磨件接触,其侧面与触头接触;The electrified friction mechanism is composed of grinding parts, contacts, ammeters, adjustable resistors and DC power supplies connected in series in sequence. The live friction mechanism forms a current loop with the worn parts through wires; It is located on the side of the cantilever arm where the workpiece to be ground is fixed, and the grinding piece is fixed from the axial direction by the active insulating shaft and the driven insulating shaft, and the active insulating shaft is connected with the motor through a torsion spring. The cylindrical surface of the grinding part is in contact with the workpiece, and its side is in contact with the contact;
检测输出机构包括位移传感器、信号处理系统和计算机,位移传感器通过电压放大器、低通滤波器、A/D转换器和单片机连接到计算机;The detection output mechanism includes a displacement sensor, a signal processing system and a computer, and the displacement sensor is connected to the computer through a voltage amplifier, a low-pass filter, an A/D converter and a single-chip microcomputer;
检测输出机构设于悬梁臂的一侧,并与被磨件相对。The detection output mechanism is arranged on one side of the cantilever arm and is opposite to the workpiece to be worn.
本实用新型适用于弱电工况下摩擦接触件微磨损量的测量。采用计算机控制、处理技术,因而减少了人为因素的干扰,提高了检测的精度和速度;此外本实用新型结构简单、操作方便,可广泛应用于电刷材料耐磨性能评定、换向器材料的电滑动接触磨损性能评定等在弱电环境下,对摩擦副的微磨损量进行测量的领域。The utility model is suitable for measuring the micro-abrasion amount of a friction contact part under a weak current working condition. Computer control and processing technology are adopted, thereby reducing the interference of human factors and improving the accuracy and speed of detection; in addition, the utility model has simple structure and convenient operation, and can be widely used in the evaluation of the wear resistance of brush materials and the evaluation of commutator materials. The field of measuring the micro-wear of the friction pair in the weak current environment, such as the evaluation of the wear performance of the electric sliding contact.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;
图2是图1的侧视图。FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1 .
图中,1-砝码、2-平衡杆、3-销轴、4-配重块、5-对磨件、6-触头、7-导线、8-电流表、9-可调电阻、10-直流稳压电源、11-位移传感器、12-电压放大器、13-低通滤波器、14-A/D转换器、15-单片机、16-计算机、17-被磨件、18-绝缘板、19-绝缘压片、20-悬梁臂、21-电动机、22-扭转弹簧、23-主动绝缘轴、24-从动绝缘轴。In the figure, 1-weight, 2-balance bar, 3-pin shaft, 4-counterweight, 5-pair of grinding parts, 6-contact, 7-wire, 8-ammeter, 9-adjustable resistance, 10 -DC power supply, 11-displacement sensor, 12-voltage amplifier, 13-low-pass filter, 14-A/D converter, 15-single-chip microcomputer, 16-computer, 17-wear parts, 18-insulation board, 19-insulation pressing piece, 20-cantilever arm, 21-motor, 22-torsion spring, 23-active insulating shaft, 24-driven insulating shaft.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model is further described.
参见图1和图2,本实用新型涉及的带电摩擦副微磨损测量装置,由悬梁臂20、杆杠加载系统、带电摩擦机构和检测输出机构组成。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the micro-abrasion measurement device of the live friction pair involved in the utility model is composed of a
悬梁臂20的上端通过销轴3固定在机架(图中省略)上,其下部的工作面上安装被磨件17,被磨件17通过绝缘压片19和绝缘板18固定在悬梁臂20下部的一侧,被磨件17与悬梁臂20之间有绝缘板18。The upper end of the
杆杠加载系统由平衡杆2、配重块4和砝码1组成,平衡杆2一端固定连接一个配重块4,另一端悬吊砝码1,悬梁臂20通过销轴3活动连接于平衡杆2的中部;杆杠加载系统的作用是在对磨件5和被磨件17之间施加一定载荷。The lever loading system is composed of a balance bar 2, a counterweight 4 and a weight 1. One end of the balance bar 2 is fixedly connected to a counterweight 4, and the other end is suspended with a weight 1. The
带电摩擦机构由对磨件5、触头6、电流表8、可调电阻9和直流稳压电源10依次串连而成,带电摩擦机构通过导线7与被磨件17构成电流回路;对磨件5为圆柱体结构,并横向设于悬梁臂20下部固定有被磨件17的一侧,其轴向由主动绝缘轴23和从动绝缘轴24固定并由主动轴带动旋转,主动绝缘轴23通过扭转弹簧22与电动机21相连接;从动绝缘轴24起辅助定位作用;对磨件5的圆柱面与被磨件17接触,对磨件5的侧面与触头6接触。The electrified friction mechanism is composed of the
检测输出机构包括位移传感器11、信号处理系统和计算机16,位移传感器11通过电压放大器12、低通滤波器13、A/D转换器14和单片机15连接到计算机16。检测输出机构设于悬梁臂20的另一侧,并与被磨件17相对。The detection output mechanism includes a
在对换向器和电刷构成的摩擦副微磨损进行测量时,一般被磨件17采用电刷材料,对磨件5采用换向器材料。将被磨件17和对磨件5安装好后,开启直流稳压电源10,在摩擦副两侧会形成一个弱电场,然后起动电动机21,即可进行带弱电状态下摩擦副元件的磨损。磨损过程中,位移传感器11将检测到的磨损的深度变化情况(即变化信号)经电压放大器12放大和低通滤波器13滤波后,通过A/D转换器14与单片机15把磨痕深度的数据输入计算机16中,从而获得样品表面磨痕深度随时间的动态变化数据。When measuring the micro-wear of the friction pair formed by the commutator and the brush, the brush material is generally used for the
试验结束后,计算机根据测量的磨痕宽度和磨痕长度,代入磨损体积计算公式:After the test, the computer substitutes the wear volume calculation formula according to the measured wear scar width and wear scar length:
磨损体积
其中:b为磨痕宽度;L为磨痕长度;R为对磨件的半径。Among them: b is the width of the wear scar; L is the length of the wear scar; R is the radius of the grinding part.
然后根据样品材料的密度即可求其磨损量。Then according to the density of the sample material, its wear amount can be calculated.
另外,通过调节可调电阻9的阻值可改变摩擦接触件两端电压降的大小,从而达到调节电流强度的目的。In addition, by adjusting the resistance value of the adjustable resistor 9, the magnitude of the voltage drop at both ends of the friction contact can be changed, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the current intensity.
本实用新型适用于弱电工况下摩擦接触件微磨损量的测量,测量时将被磨件和对磨件安装好,打开直流稳压电源,在摩擦副两侧形成一个弱电场,然后启动电动机即可进行带电工况下的摩擦件的磨损测量。The utility model is suitable for the measurement of the micro-abrasion of friction contact parts under weak current working conditions. When measuring, install the worn part and the counter worn part, turn on the DC stabilized voltage power supply, form a weak electric field on both sides of the friction pair, and then start the motor The wear measurement of the friction part under the live working condition can be carried out.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101813750A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Device and method for detecting wear and aging of contactor |
CN101726458B (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-06-15 | 清华大学 | Test system and method of frictional performance between electric locomotive pantograph carbon plate and copper conductor |
CN107178538A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-19 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of capacitance type detector of guidance tape wear extent |
CN111638181A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-08 | 清华大学 | Friction characteristic testing device for column type conductive slip ring and using method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-06-22 CN CNU2007201245459U patent/CN201063050Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101813750A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-25 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Device and method for detecting wear and aging of contactor |
CN101813750B (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2014-04-16 | 施耐德电器工业公司 | Device and method for detecting wear and aging of contactor |
CN101726458B (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-06-15 | 清华大学 | Test system and method of frictional performance between electric locomotive pantograph carbon plate and copper conductor |
CN107178538A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-19 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of capacitance type detector of guidance tape wear extent |
CN111638181A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-08 | 清华大学 | Friction characteristic testing device for column type conductive slip ring and using method thereof |
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