CN201059798Y - Building flat plate split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vacuum solar energy superconducting heat collecting device with a flat plate-shaped split wall for buildings. Structure, multiple sets of precision measuring holes and capillary tubes are distributed horizontally between the liquid reservoir and the finned tubes connected to the circulating liquid pipe to achieve a balanced high-temperature evaporation condition in the film state, with high-temperature heat collection output, high-efficiency and high-energy heat transfer, Features such as pump-free long-distance circulation, low-temperature anti-freeze, coordination with buildings, and economical longevity have opened up new areas for high-temperature, separated structure solar energy applications, and can be used to form solar water boilers, heaters, air conditioners, additional water heaters and other equipment, heat collectors Square and flat, it can be hung on building roofs, walls, windows and balconies, beautiful and harmonious, suitable for multi-storey and high-rise buildings, and is an ideal technology for building integrated solar energy.

Description

Building flat plate split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photothermal application, and relates to a solar heat collection and heat transfer device, in particular to a superconducting heat transfer solar heat collection device with a split structure for building inlay or hanging.

Background technique

The solar equipment composed of in-line glass vacuum heat collectors widely used in China is represented by water heaters. Because of its inherent disadvantages such as affecting the appearance of buildings, easy scaling, water storage in pipes, and freezing of systems, there are great limitations in its application; now there are The split wall-mounted building-integrated solar water heater has a flat and square shape of the collector, which can be combined with the beauty of the building. The accumulator water tank can be separated from the collector and placed indoors for easy heat preservation and prolonging life. The main defect of the vacuum tube water heater, one of the representative structures of this split type solar water heater: is to set finned U-shaped tubes in multiple sets of vacuum heat collecting tubes, and the liquid heat transfer medium circulates in it to exchange heat with the water in the water tank; the other One representative structure: a single heat pipe element with fins is set in multiple sets of vacuum heat collecting tubes, the condensation section of the heat pipe is inserted into the water circulation header, and the heat transferred by the heat pipe is brought into the water tank by circulating water. However, the above-mentioned technology still has the following obvious deficiencies: 1. The circulating medium or circulating water needs a special circulating pump and controller and consumes a lot of power, otherwise the transmission distance is short, and it is difficult to separate the heat collector and the water tank to an ideal distance position; 2. , The system passes through multi-stage sensible heat transfer, the temperature difference is large, the thermal efficiency is poor, the heat gain temperature is low, the heat transfer effect and heat collection effect are not good, and the energy density is small, it is difficult to adapt to high temperature applications such as absorption refrigeration: 3. The system is complex, The heat transfer coefficient is low, the parts and pipes are large in size and consumables, and the manufacturing cost is high; 4. The life of the circulation pump and heat pipe is difficult to exceed 15 years, and the maintainability and economy are not good.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar heat collecting device that can not only be combined with the beauty of the building and be easy to install, but also can be transported over long distances with no or little power consumption, high-efficiency heat transfer, high energy output, and moderate cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector of the present invention is composed of a flat plate heat collector with an automatic liquid separator, a circulating steam pipe, a circulating liquid pipe, a condenser, and a heat accumulator. The flat plate collector includes a square frame, a reflector on the back, a glass vacuum heat collector, a finned tube, a steam header, and an automatic liquid distributor composed of a liquid reservoir, precision measuring holes and capillary tubes. The square frame The upper tube support fixes a plurality of evenly distributed glass vacuum heat collecting tubes, and a metal row tube with a heat conduction fin closed at one end is set inside. The outlet end of the outlet is connected with a circulating steam pipe; multiple sets of the same precision measuring holes are arranged horizontally in the liquid reservoir, and are respectively connected with one end of the capillary of the same specification, and the other end of the capillary is also arranged horizontally and connected with each row of pipes respectively. The inner wall of the opening end is connected, and the inlet of the liquid reservoir is connected in series with the three-way liquid filling valve and communicated with the circulating liquid pipe; at least one of the exhaust pipes is used as a compensation exhaust pipe and the condensate of the steam header is smoothly and preferentially conducted without Connected with the capillary tube; the condenser is placed inside the heat accumulator, the steam inlet of the condenser is connected with the other end of the circulating steam pipe, and the liquid outlet is connected with the other end of the circulating liquid pipe/or a micro liquid pump is connected in series with the circulating liquid The other end of the tube is connected; the heat accumulator contains the condenser, which is a heated liquid container or a heating part of another device; a vacuum is formed in the composed device and filled with an appropriate amount of liquid medium with an appropriate boiling point, and a non-condensable gas is drawn from the highest point of the system Exhaust pipe valves, exposed parts of the device are thermally insulated.

In order to improve the visual effect of the flat plate collector and prevent dust pollution, a light-transmitting plate can be installed in front of the glass vacuum tube; to enhance the effect, the inside of the tube can be processed into longitudinal or circumferential or spiral grooves or capillary tubes; for To increase the working temperature, a curved surface focusing reflector can be selected; in order to improve the system effect, the condenser adopts internal and external reinforced fins or reinforced tube walls; the hanger of the collector is a hinged hanger with adjustable inclination angle; for the convenience of manufacturing and installation, The connection of the circulation pipeline adopts thread or flange flexible connection; in order to accurately detect and control the liquid filling volume of the system, a liquid level sensor is set at the low level of the system and controls the mechanical or electromagnetic valve connected in series at the inlet of the liquid reservoir; for the liquid level control valve The hot water system can use tap water as the medium, and the condenser can use a small porous container to form an open steam direct heating double temperature hot water device.

The solar heat collection equipment with the above structure works according to the following principle: the coating film in the vacuum heat collection tube absorbs solar heat and gradually heats up, and the superconducting liquid in the tube is conducted through the fins to generate medium steam. The steam pipe enters the condenser to exchange heat and condenses into liquid, and then flows back into the liquid reservoir of the automatic liquid separator through the circulating liquid pipe by gravity or a micro-pump. The inlet cavity of the tube is dispersed to the inner wall of the tube by capillary action and/or gravity, repeated evaporation, and the heat is transferred to the heat accumulator in this cycle. Since the system relies on the steam latent heat of the medium to transfer heat, it has good constant temperature performance, high energy density, high heat gain temperature, and high heat collection efficiency. At the same time, the flow resistance of steam is small, the flow rate is fast, the heat transfer is rapid, and the transportation distance is long. The separation structure is truly realized. Design; since most of the installation conditions are that the condenser is higher than the heat collector, the return liquid medium can be automatically returned by its own gravity without the power consumption of the circulation pump. The electric energy is also extremely small, which is only a few percent of the power consumption of the liquid heat transfer medium/or water circulation, and the pump body is small and low in cost; Parts can be miniaturized, saving material consumption and reducing costs; the system can choose different media to achieve different working temperature zones, which can be used in different application fields such as solar warm water, boiling water, air conditioning, heating, hot air, etc., and the media can be updated, supplemented, and equipment maintenance It is convenient and simple, and the actual service life of the equipment is much higher than that of the existing technical products; the application of the automatic liquid separator, the backflow liquid can be evenly distributed to each row pipe in a micro-flow, and the efficient thin film evaporation working condition is realized, which significantly improves the transmission of the system. The heat capacity solves the unavoidable submerged evaporation condition of the combination of the separated heat pipe and the solar vacuum tube. Compared with the full liquid pool state evaporation, the heat transfer capacity can be increased by 20-50 degrees according to different media.

Description of drawings

The solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting non-pressurized water heater.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting hot water engineering integration system.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting auxiliary heating radiator.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a building flat plate split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting air-cooled absorption air conditioner/refrigerator system.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a building flat plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting jet air-conditioning water heater/refrigerator water heater.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar energy superconducting diffusion absorption type air-conditioning water heater/refrigerator water heater.

Fig. 10 is a system diagram of a multi-purpose heat storage center with vacuum solar superconducting belt auxiliary heat source mounted on the wall of a flat plate-shaped split body.

Detailed ways

Fig. 1 is the solar electric water heater that the vacuum solar energy superconducting heat collecting device that hangs on the wall of building plate shape split body constitutes, by flat plate heat collector (1), circulation liquid pipe (2A), circulation steam pipe (2B) and accumulator ( 4) and the condenser (3) inside; the flat plate collector (1) includes a square frame (1M), a curved reflective concentrating plate on the back (1N), a glass vacuum heat collector (1A), and a finned tube (1E), steam header (1D) and automatic liquid dispenser composed of liquid reservoir (1I), precision measuring hole (1H) and capillary (1G), the tube support on the square frame (1M) is fixed horizontally Glass vacuum heat collecting tubes (1A) with evenly distributed branches are fitted with metal row tubes (1E) with annular heat conducting fins closed at one end, and longitudinal and spiral capillary grooves are processed on the inner wall of the row tubes (1E). The other ends of the exhaust pipes (1E) are connected vertically with the header pipes (1D) respectively, the upper end of the header pipes (1D) is connected to the threaded joint of the pipe and communicated with the circulating steam pipe (2B), and the lower end of the header pipes (1D) is connected to A float electromagnetic liquid level sensor (1C) and drain valve (1B), the upper part of the manifold (1D) is connected to a pressure safety valve (1K), and multiple groups of identical precision measuring holes (1H) are connected to the liquid reservoir (1I) Arranged horizontally inside, and communicated with one end of the capillary (1G) of the same specification respectively, the other end of the capillary (1G) is also arranged horizontally and respectively introduced into the inner wall of the opening end of each row (1E) through the catheter (1F), and the storage The inlet of the liquid device (1I) is connected in series with a normally open solenoid valve (1J) controlled by the float electromagnetic liquid level sensor (1C), and then communicated with the three-way liquid filling valve (1R) and connected to the circulating liquid pipe (2A). There is a discharge pipe (1Q) at the bottom of the heat collector (1) which is not connected with the capillary to be a compensation pipe, and a light-transmitting and dustproof decorative plate (1P) is arranged in front of the square frame (1M); a wall condenser (3 ) placed inside the heat accumulator (4) and sealed with the shell through the flange, the steam inlet (3B) of the condenser (3) communicates with the other end of the circulating steam pipe (2B), and the liquid outlet (3A) Connect with the other end of the circulating liquid pipe (2A)/or connect with the other end of the circulating liquid pipe (2A) after a micro liquid pump (2C) is connected in series. The inner and outer surfaces of the condenser (3) are provided with reinforced fins (3D), The highest position leads to a non-condensable gas exhaust pipe valve (3C); the formed system forms a vacuum and fills it with a liquid medium such as ethanol whose liquid level is not higher than the level of the second branch pipe in the lower part, and the exposed parts of the system are kept warm and insulated; The accumulator (4) is a pressurized electric water heater comprising a water inlet (4B), a water outlet (4A) and an electric heating (4C), thus forming a set of dual-energy solar electric water heaters; the flat plate heat collector (1 ) is fixed on the building facade wall or on the balcony or on the window, under the window or on the roof through an adjustable hinge hanger (1L).

Fig. 2 is the second kind of solar electric water heater that the vacuum solar energy superconducting heat collecting device that hangs on the wall of building plate-shaped split body constitutes, and the difference shown in Fig. 1 is: the vacuum heat collecting tube (1A) on the heat collector (1) and its The internal finned tubes (1E) are arranged vertically, and the steam header (1D) is arranged horizontally. One end of the header (1D) is closed, and the other end is connected to the circulating steam pipe (2B) through a threaded pipe joint, and Set a liquid accumulation pipe to communicate with the adjacent compensation discharge pipe (1Q), and the end of the header pipe (1D) is connected to the pressure safety valve (1K); the liquid reservoir (1I) is a horizontal tubular container, and multiple groups of the same The precision measuring holes (1H) are evenly arranged horizontally in the liquid reservoir (1I), and communicate with one end of the capillary (1G) of the same specification respectively, and the other ends of the capillary (1G) are horizontally connected to each row of tubes (1E) On the inner wall at the same position as the open end of the inner wall, the compensation discharge pipe (1Q) does not need to be connected to the capillary, and the inlet of the liquid reservoir (1I) is connected to the three-way liquid filling valve (1R) and then communicated with the circulating liquid pipe (2A).

Fig. 3 is a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting non-pressurized electric water heater. The difference with Fig. 1 is that the heat accumulator (4) is a water inlet pipe (4B) with a floating ball, a floating water outlet pipe (4A) and a drain. Non-pressurized electric water heater with gas balance pipe (4D).

Fig. 4 is a building plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting hot water engineering integrated system, which differs from that shown in Fig. 1 in that it consists of multiple flat-plate heat collectors (1), circulating liquid pipes (2A), and circulating steam pipes ( 2B) and the condenser (3) are connected in parallel to form a heating array, which consists of a high water tank (4-1), a low water tank (4-2), a hot water circulation pipe (4-3), a cold water circulation pipe (4-4), a circulation The pump (4E), ball float valve (4B), water outlet pipe (4A), balance pipe (4D) and electric heating pipe (4C) form the heat accumulator (4) of the circulation system, and each condenser (3) is connected in parallel to the hot water In the circulating pipe (4-3), the heat transferred by the condenser (3) is introduced into the circulating water by using thermosiphon or forced circulation, so as to maintain the state of hot water in the high-level water tank (4-1), and distribute it to each water outlet through the main water outlet pipe (4A). water users.

Figure 5 is another special solar electric water heater composed of a flat plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector. The difference from that shown in Figure 1 is that the collector (1) is equipped with a liquid level sensor (1C) and a return The liquid control valve (1J), the circulating liquid pipe (2A) and the soft water filter (2D) connected in series with the tap water or the water tank (4) are directly connected, and the condenser (3) is a small porous open container, which is connected with the circulating steam pipe (2B) , The system uses water itself as the working medium, and the medium is conveyed by tap water pressure. It has the advantages of simple structure, no power consumption, high water temperature, and dual-temperature output of hot water.

Fig. 6 is the electrically assisted solar warm air radiator that the vacuum solar energy superconducting heat collecting device of building plate-shaped split wall-mounted constitutes, comprises aforementioned flat-plate heat collector (1), circulation liquid pipe (2A), circulation steam pipe (2B) and Condenser (3) and animal heat warm air radiator (4), condenser (3) is located at the inside of animal heat warm air radiator (4), through heat conduction fin (3D) and electric heater (4C), The heat accumulator (4E) is connected by heat conduction, the radiator (4) has an air inlet (4B) and an electric fan (4D) above the casing, and an air outlet (4A) below.

Fig. 7 is the electrically assisted air-cooled absorption type refrigerator that the vacuum solar energy superconducting heat collecting device that hangs on the wall of building plate-shaped split body forms, and the difference shown in Fig. 1 is: heat accumulator (4) is the high temperature generation of absorption type refrigerator generator, the generator has an electric auxiliary heat source (4C) and a lithium bromide aqueous solution refrigerant, and the absorption refrigeration unit also includes an air condenser (6), a host (5) and an evaporative refrigerator (7), which can be used as a cold source for air conditioners or refrigerators , the solar superconducting medium is filled with butanol.

Fig. 8 is an electric-assisted water-cooled jet refrigerator composed of a flat plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector. The difference from that shown in Fig. 1 is that the heat accumulator (4) is the steam generator of the jet refrigeration unit , the generator has an electric auxiliary heat source (4C) and refrigerant, and the refrigeration unit also includes a water cooler (6), a spray host (5) and an evaporative refrigerator (7) composed of a water heater with a heat exchange coil, so A solar air conditioner + water heater or refrigerator + water heater is formed, and the solar superconducting medium is filled with butanol or pure water.

Fig. 9 is an electric-assisted diffusion-absorption refrigeration and hot water machine composed of a flat plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector. The difference from that shown in Fig. 1 is that the heat accumulator (4) is the high-temperature generator of the refrigeration unit , the generator has an electric auxiliary heat source (4C) and an ammonia solution refrigerant, and the refrigeration unit also includes a water condenser (6) composed of a water heater with a heat exchange coil, a diffuser tube, a bubble pump, and an air storage tank. The host (5) and the evaporative refrigerator (7) form a solar air conditioner+water heater or a refrigerator+water heater, and the solar superconducting medium is filled with ethanol.

Fig. 10 is a solar energy multi-purpose heat storage center formed by building a flat plate-shaped split wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collecting device. The difference from that shown in Fig. 1 is that the heat accumulator (4) is a thermal insulation system comprising a heat exchanger (3). The heat storage center container is equipped with a high-efficiency heat storage agent (4E), an auxiliary heat source (4C) and a heat exchanger (5A) connected to the domestic hot water pipe (5), as well as a circulation heating heat dissipation pipe (6), circulation The pump (6A) is connected to the heat exchanger (6B).

Apparently, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the above specific embodiments do not limit other deformations of the basic idea of the present invention, and interchangeable combinations between different embodiments, for example: the precision measuring hole can also be installed upside down at the other end of the capillary Or installed at the inlet end of the exhaust pipe, or other positions between the liquid receiver and the exhaust pipe, the capillary can be simplified when the liquid receiver is directly connected to the exhaust pipe; the condenser can adopt a sleeve structure, a discharge pipe structure or a spiral pipe structure , can be arranged at various suitable angles; the heat accumulator can also be combined with other unspecified devices, etc., and these variants are included in the scope of the basic idea of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The vacuum solar energy superconducting heat collecting device mounted on the flat wall of the building flat plate, which consists of a vacuum tube flat plate heat collector (1), a heat accumulator (4), a heat exchanger (3) and a circulating liquid pipe (2A) connecting them Composition, characterized in that: the flat plate heat collector (1) includes a square frame (1M), a reflection plate (1N) on the back, a glass vacuum heat collection tube (1A), a finned tube (1E), a steam collection Tube (1D) and an automatic liquid dispenser composed of liquid reservoir (1I), precision measuring hole (1H) and capillary tube (1G), the tube support on the square frame (1M) fixes multiple uniformly distributed glass vacuum heat collecting tubes (1A), a metal row pipe (1E) with a heat conduction fin closed at one end is set inside it, and the other end of each branch row pipe (1E) is vertically connected with the steam header (1D), and the steam header (1D) ) is communicated with a circulating steam pipe (2B); multiple groups of identical precision measuring holes (1H) are horizontally arranged in the liquid reservoir (1I), and communicate with one end of a capillary (1G) of the same specification respectively, and the capillary The other end of (1G) is also arranged horizontally and communicates with the inner wall of the opening end of each row pipe (1E), and the inlet of the liquid reservoir (1I) is connected in series with the three-way liquid filling valve (1R) and connected with the circulating liquid pipe (2A) Connected; at least one of the row pipes (1E) is used as a compensation row pipe (1Q) and the condensate of the steam header (1D) is smoothly and preferentially connected to the capillary (1G); the efficient condenser (3 ) placed inside the heat accumulator (4), the steam inlet (3B) of the condenser (3) communicates with the other end of the circulating steam pipe (2B), and the liquid outlet (3A) communicates with the other end of the circulating liquid pipe (2A) One end is connected/or connected in series with a miniature liquid pump (2C) and then communicated with the other end of the circulating liquid pipe (2A); the heat accumulator (4) contains the condenser (3), which is a heated liquid container or a heating component of another device; The formed device forms a vacuum and fills it with an appropriate amount of liquid medium with a proper boiling point. The highest position of the system leads to a non-condensable gas exhaust pipe valve (3C), and the exposed parts of the device are kept warm and insulated. 2. The building plate-shaped separate wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: a light-transmitting plate (1P) is arranged in front of the glass vacuum tube (1A). 3. The building plate-shaped separate wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inside of the row pipe (1E) can be processed into longitudinal or circumferential or spiral grooves or capillaries inside. 4. The building plate-shaped separate wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reflection plate (1N) is a curved surface focusing reflection plate. 5. The building plate-shaped split-body wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner and outer surfaces of the condenser (3) are reinforced with fins (3D) or tube walls. 6. The building plate-shaped separate wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hanger (1L) of the heat collector (1) is a hinged hanger with an adjustable inclination angle. 7. The building plate-shaped split-body wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the connections at both ends of the circulating steam pipe (2B) and the circulating liquid pipe (2A) are movable by threads or flanges connect. 8. The building plate-shaped split-body wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: a liquid level sensor (1C) is set at the low level of the system and controls the liquid level sensor (1C) connected in series at the inlet of the liquid reservoir (1I) Mechanical or solenoid valve (1J). 9. The building plate-shaped split-body wall-mounted vacuum solar superconducting heat collector according to claim 8, characterized in that tap water is used as the medium, and the condenser (3) uses a small porous container.

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