CN200986590Y - Mobile space data acquisition, process and publish system - Google Patents
Mobile space data acquisition, process and publish system Download PDFInfo
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- CN200986590Y CN200986590Y CNU2006200407485U CN200620040748U CN200986590Y CN 200986590 Y CN200986590 Y CN 200986590Y CN U2006200407485 U CNU2006200407485 U CN U2006200407485U CN 200620040748 U CN200620040748 U CN 200620040748U CN 200986590 Y CN200986590 Y CN 200986590Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a movable spatial data collecting, processing, and publishing system including a data collecting layer, a data integrating layer, and a data service layer. The data collected by the data collecting layer is transmitted to the data integrating layer to process and then the processing result is transmitted to the data service layer to publish through wireless transmission. Compared with the prior art, the utility model is applied to greening investigation, renewal, and management which not only saves indoor processing workload but also reduces repeated work. The utility model greatly improves working efficiency and saves manpower as well as material resources.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to mobile space information communication field, particularly relates to a kind of mobile space data collection, processing and delivery system.
Background technology
GPS (Global Positioning System)-GPS mainly is to realize location to portable terminal by a plurality of satellites.Portable terminal receives GPS information, handles by itself or Network Services Center, thus the physical location at definite portable terminal place.Stop the S/A policy since former US President Clinton promulgates a decree to rise on May 1st, 2000, civilian sign indicating number is not added interference, civilian bearing accuracy is improved greatly, this also accelerates and has expanded the application of GPS in all trades and professions simultaneously.The GPS receiver of number of different types has appearred in GPS broad application and development.The GPS receiver type mainly contains two kinds at present: measurement type, navigational route type.Mainly contain modes such as single-point location, Real-time and Dynamic RTK, static difference location, beacon difference location from metering system.From on the volume from the measurement type receiver of larger volume to the various CF type GPS receivers that are suitable for palm PC, more till now with integrated GPS receiver of PDA or the like.The application that develops into relevant industries of GPS provides strong support.In greening investigation and management, GPS serves as that the collection of greening information provides comparatively ripe location technology with distinguishing features such as round-the-clock, high precision, robotization, high benefits.
Mobile GIS: the movability of palm PC and portability, for DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM has been brought opportunity, by palm PC, people can break through the restriction of using based on the Geographic Information System of PC, freely use to obtain personalized geography information.As carrier, the integrated information of aspects such as society, economy, culture has realized dynamically updating of information to movable geographic information system geography information.Mobile GIS is based upon on embedding and the wireless telecommunications basis, not only refer to the generalized information system that moves with physical support, also not only referring to provide moving target information, neither conventional GIS simplify so that can on small computer, realize the GIS operation, it is one and uses the different constructed system of example of essence, being closely connected together with geographic information services, is the integrated of technology, information, service.
GPS measurement pattern and precision
The pattern of GPS measurement at present mainly contains modes such as single-point location, Real-time and Dynamic RTK, static difference location, beacon difference location.The bearing accuracy of single-point is about 15 meters at present, measures the main difference modes that adopts in the application.
1) GPS RTK pattern
Real-time and Dynamic (RTK) location technology is to be real time differential GPS (RTDGPS) technology of basis with the carrier phase observation data, and it is a new breakthrough of GPS measuring technique development.Real-time dynamic positioning (RTK) system is made up of base station and rover station, setting up wireless data communication is the assurance of real time dynamic measurement, its principle is to get the higher First Control point of positional accuracy as reference point, settle a receiver as the reference station, satellite is carried out Continuous Observation, receiver on the rover station is in receiving satellite signal, by the observation data on the radio transmission facility reception base station, stochastic computer calculates three-dimensional coordinate and the measuring accuracy that demonstrates rover station in real time according to the principle of relative positioning.The user just can monitor the data observation quality of tested point and the convergence situation that baseline resolves the result in real time like this, according to the precision index of tested point, determines observation time, thereby reduces redundant observation, increases work efficiency.Characteristics: precision height: can reach the centimetre-sized measuring accuracy.Efficient height, each layout point only need stop 1～2 second.But expense is higher.
2) differential GPS pattern
Comprise aftertreatment difference modes and real time differential pattern.By setting up a base station and several flow acquisitions stations formation.The reach of each base station is 200 kilometers of circumferences, and the quantity of rover station (GPS hand-held set) in each base station reach is unrestricted, can increase at any time according to the progress of gathering, and can reach 20 centimetres.The GPS hand-held set takes a round along the frontier point in certain zone to be measured, then measures the coordinate of these points, the planimeter that frontier point enclosed can be calculated.The real time differential pattern is when measuring, and Difference Calculation is carried out on movement station in real time, and the aftertreatment difference modes then is when field operation is measured end, carries out static difference computing in interior industry.Characteristics: the precise position information that base station sets up a little needs known; Precision is a sub-meter grade, is up to 20cm; Cost is relatively low.
3) based on the differential GPS pattern of beacon station
Utilize the GPS beacon receiver to receive near the GPS difference information of the beacon station broadcasting of measured zone in real time, the PDA of integrated GPS function reads real-time GPS difference information by bluetooth and Radio Beacon communication, and the GPS positioning result is carried out difference.Characteristics: do not need to set up base station, only need a set of equipment (Radio Beacon, GPS receiver) just can carry out comparatively accurate localization.Bearing accuracy is a sub-meter grade, is up to 20cm, and cost is relatively low.Zhabei District has launched the pilot and the application of this kind pattern at present.
Remote sensing (remote sensing) is the title that is proposed by the U.S. Pruitt beginning of the sixties, the formal public use of United States geographical association in 1962.U.S.'s Landsat successful launch in 1972, MSS image obtain enormous benefits, obtain worldwide approval and support, make remote sensing become a new and high technology and are able to tremendous development.Remote sensing is used in real time or provides quasi real time, apace semantic the or non-semantic information of target and environment thereof, finds the various variations on the earth surface, in time GIS is carried out Data Update.Remote sensing technology is towards spatial resolution, multispectral resolution rate and the resolution of many time of multisensor, many remote sensing images, and the accuracy of remote sensing images automatic interpretation, reliability and the precision that quantitatively measures all constantly improved, make it not only to be used for observation and monitoring ground changing condition, and will be mainly used in the collection and the renewal of face of land information, become in the construction of geographical space basic framework the space data and obtain and one of basic means of upgrading.Remote sensing technology will further combine with GIS and GPS, is widely used in digital city construction, ecological environmental protection, disaster monitoring and forecast and fields such as resource exploration and assessment.
Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System is called for short GIS) is the emerging frontier branch of science of last words such as a collection geoscience, space science, environmental science, geography information, autodraft technology.It is means with the computing machine, is used for gathering the infosystem of storage, management, analysis, description and expression of space data.Since Geographic Information System since 20th century, progressively formed the sixties, along with development of technologies such as computer technology, database technology, remote sensing technology, digital figure image techniques, Geographic Information System progressively is used widely in mapping, geology, remote sensing, mine, environment, water conservancy, agricultural, forestry, land management, meteorology, ocean, city planning, aviation, regional sustainable development, military affairs, government's office administration and decision-making.
" 3S " integrated being meant organically integrates GPS, RS, GIS, integrated by with the communication technology, operational system integrant, real-time and dynamic earth observation, analysis and application.This integrated in, GPS is mainly used in real time, target is provided apace, comprises the locus of various kinds of sensors and carrying platform (car, ship, aircraft, satellite etc.); RS is used in real time or provides quasi real time, apace semantic the or non-semantic information of target and environment thereof, finds the various variations on the earth surface, in time GIS is carried out Data Update; GIS carries out overall treatment, integrated management, dynamic access to multiple source space-time data, as the basis of new integrated system.
J2EE architecture: J2EE (Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition) is a kind of based on the Java 2 platform, enterprise edition Java technology, that be suitable for creating server-side application and service of SUN company release.It provides the security model and the flexible control of affairs of multilayer distributed application model, component reusing technology, unification.Kai Fa system has advantages such as higher availability, security, extensibility and portability on this basis.
In the J2EE architecture, the EJB component technology is a most important parts.SUN company to the definition of EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans) is: EJB is applied to develop and field sandwich construction, member architecture distributed, OO Java application system, cross-platform.The EJB component technology is based on the server end Java assembly of standard profile formula object technology, CORBA and RMI.The EJB assembly is deployed in the Enterprise Java Bean container, and in the server end operation, client application is called it by remote method invocation (RMI) (RMI).The appearance of EJB assembly becomes simply the exploitation of Distributed Application, and the developer can put into more energy in the realization of concrete service logic and needn't be concerned about the realization mechanism of bottom.
For the greening data are upgraded and digitizing, mainly adopt following three kinds of modes at present both at home and abroad:
1) traditional greening investigation method: tape measure is measured, and guestimate is described on the papery figure, and record attribute on the paper medium (kind, specification etc.) carries out digitizing again, the input computer system.This method is the most original, because measurement means falls behind, has wasted great amount of manpower and material resources during investigation, and the investigation data precision is very low simultaneously, and the source book of investigation has repeated work when carrying out digitizing again.The too many man power and material of whole mode of operation waste of this method, inefficiency.
2) field data collection, as carrying out position measurement by total powerstation or GPS single-point location, no graphical interfaces only forms data file, record attribute on paper medium; Interior industry connects total powerstation or GPS by data connecting line, and position data file is passed on the computing machine, and the positional data file is handled the formation graphic file then, to the attribute input computer system that writes down on the paper medium.This method is progressive to some extent on measuring method and precision, but can not the be real-time mode of measurement result with figure be shown, can not handle data in real time, although field operation has been carried out extensive work, but the workload of industry in can not reducing, the input of attribute data also is the duplication of labour simultaneously, and the efficient of whole mode of operation is also lower.
3) field data acquisition, interior industry is handled.The collection of data is connected with survey instrument (total powerstation, GPS) by notebook computer, palm PC etc., forms electronic plane, carries out position measurement, and attribute also is to be recorded on the paper medium.Interior industry is carried out the input of attribute and the integration of figure.This method is progressive to some extent on mode of operation, but notebook configuration expense is more expensive, battery-powered time is shorter, using the greening investigation is actual is a kind of restriction, even use the long palm PC of power-on time under this mode, because attribute data is to be recorded on the paper medium, also repeated work when industry is handled with coupling in indoor carrying out, work efficiency is lower.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is exactly to provide a kind of mobile space data collection, processing and delivery system for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence, has solved collection, the processing of present spatial data and has used integrated, the digitized blank of issue.
The purpose of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions: mobile space data collection, processing and delivery system, it is characterized in that, comprise data collection layer, data set stratification, data service layer, the data transmission that described data collection layer collects is handled to the data set stratification, by wireless transmission the result transmission of handling is issued to data service layer then.
Described data collection layer comprises satnav (GPS), remote sensing (RS), mobile device, total powerstation, described layer comprises that GPS and RS integration module, mobile device and total powerstation integration module, this layer are assisted with the total powerstation integration module by mobile device and is connected.
Described mobile device and total powerstation integration module comprise mobile device, total powerstation, described mobile device, total powerstation connect by the api function that serial port reaches serial Port Operation Method, and employing multithread mode, main thread comprise the opening of serial communication resource, parameter configuration and close, the establishment of the real-time receiving thread of serial data and close, the coordination of multithreading, the intermediate treatment of data and the man-machine interaction of front end; The real-time receiving thread of above-mentioned serial data comprises the supervision to serial ports, and reading of data and photos and sending messages are given main thread when having data to arrive; When carrying out serial communication, adopted event driven manner.
Described data service layer comprises the Web GIS based on J2EE, and this GIS comprises GIS data presentation layer, GIS application service layer, GIS data service layer.
The mobile space data collection, processing and the delivery system that adopt above technical scheme to realize are innovated on greening investigation and renewal technology method and management mode, have proposed integrated greening investigation method and management mode based on 3S.By with the integrated palm PC of GPS, load onto independently developed field data collection and move GIS software, the software of data in advance such as the electronics base map in data acquisition zone and remote sensing image can being packed into, have the collection of carrying out the expert data positional information on the patterned interface, in placement data acquisition, carrying out the input of attribute.Realize the integrated of palm PC, GPS, GIS, RS, radio communication, embodied information collection, handle with using and issue integrated flow process.The data of field acquisition do not need to carry out any type of conversion and just can be transferred in the desktop management Geographic Information System (GIS) software and edit and modify.After carrying out the integration of data, just can in the WebGIS platform, afforest the issuing service and the gridding management of information through the desktop management Geographic Information System (GIS) software.This method and mode of operation have not only been saved the workload that interior industry is handled, and have reduced the duplication of labour, have improved the efficient of work greatly, and have saved the man power and material, can carry out the gridding management to greening information simultaneously.At present, for setting up professional mesh-managing, some gordian technique only is in conceptual phase, is the laboratory study product, and bigger from the practical application gap, actual industry is applied less.And for the utility model based on the integrated greening of 3S investigation and new projects more, its successful Application has obtained remarkable social benefit and economic benefit in greening investigation, renewal and the management work of Afforestation Administration, Zhabei District, Shanghai.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a synoptic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the conceptual model one of GIS data model;
Fig. 3 is the conceptual model two of GIS data model;
Fig. 4 is the conceptual model three of GIS data model;
Fig. 5 is an Embedded GIS conceptual model of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 is the palm PC GIS logical and Physical data model designed according to Fig. 4 conceptual model;
Fig. 7 is based on the Embedded GIS data model that moves;
Fig. 8 expresses for the GIS that GPS RTK gathers entity;
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of optimum neighbor point algorithm;
Figure 10 is the real-time mapping functional schematic of GIS;
Figure 11 is the implementation pattern synoptic diagram based on the Web GIS of J2EE.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Shown in Fig. 1～11, present embodiment adopts GPS RTK, differential GPS, remote sensing, total powerstation, mobile GIS, network communication, interior industry data integration management GIS, WEBGIS, PDA equipment and softwares such as (palm PCs), exploitation is based on the GIS software of PDA, the industry data integration is handled and management industry in carrying out with management GIS in the development platform level, the WEBGIS system that makes up the online issue of spatial information issues data, the implementation space information measurement, attribute investigation and data management and be published on one, be divided into data collection layer generally, data set stratification and data service layer are as Fig. 1.
The gps coordinate conversion:
In carrying out the gps position measurement application, because the GPS positioning result is based on the WGS-84 coordinate system, and China's surveying and mapping result it is the general expression that in 54 coordinate systems of Beijing, and the inconvenience that brings for fear of Gauss distortion of projection of most of city, and adopt local coordinate system.Therefore gps coordinate need be transformed in the corresponding coordinate system.According to different to the requirement of precision of the difference of starting at data of known control point and application, corresponding coordinate conversion model is also different.The palm PC of the integrated GPS function that present embodiment adopts, the CPU arithmetic speed is low, and internal memory is less, and coordinate conversion often needs to carry out more calculating.In order to overcome the in short supply of hardware platform resource, present embodiment has proposed a kind of gps coordinate transformation model that is suitable under the mobile environment.Utilize least square method to carry out asking for of coordinate transformation parameter and adjustment.
Under the mobile environment, for fear of carry out a large amount of calculating on the limited palm PC of hardware resource, present embodiment has proposed such switch process, at first with the terrestrial coordinate (B under the target-based coordinate system
1L
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TAccording to the Gauss projection principle terrestrial coordinate under the target-based coordinate system is converted to Gauss's coordinate under the target-based coordinate system, secondly with reference mark WGS84 terrestrial coordinate (B
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TAccording to the Gauss projection principle terrestrial coordinate is converted to the WGS84 Gauss plane coordinate.Then that reference mark WGS84 Gauss plane coordinate is corresponding one by one at Gauss's coordinate of target-based coordinate system with the reference mark, ask for the plane conversion parameter according to four parameter plane transformation models, then this conversion parameter is applied to the conversion of surveying other transfer point of district.For start at data be the reference mark under target-based coordinate system Gauss's coordinate or the situation of local coordinate, then can save the terrestrial coordinate (B under the target-based coordinate system
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TProject to this step of Gauss's coordinate under the target-based coordinate system.Starting at the situation that data are the local coordinates under the target-based coordinate system, take into full account the influence of distortion of projection, rationally set the projection central meridian of surveying the district.City that generally obtains or the projection central meridian of surveying the district are an approximate value, if approximate value do not know yet, then can be selected in and survey the actual measurement of district central authorities a bit, get its longitude as central meridian.At last set up one-to-one relationship at the Gauss's coordinate under the WGS84 coordinate system and between Gauss's coordinate under the target-based coordinate system or local coordinate according to the reference mark, ask for the plane conversion parameter according to 4 parameter plane transformation models again, and switch process and conversion parameter are applied on other GPS transfer point.
Developing principle based on embedded system under PDA and the Windows CE environment:
Palm PC (PDA) is the portable rapidly pocket computer of development in recent years, and built-in powerful embedded Windows CE operating system provides embedded development environment in order to program design.It has concentrated calculating, managing personal information and one, can insert Internet by wired or wireless mode, satisfies people's demand of acquired information at any time, is the ideal platform of mobile digitized mapping.Palm PC not only possesses the extendible ability of good software and hardware, also possesses movability simultaneously, this handles with the service development for movable geographic information good support is provided, ROM that disposes 32M that the palm PC of WINCE series is general and the RAM of 32M, the processing power of processor can be quite and the processing power of Pentium among the PC, on a large scale urban information service if desired can be expanded the storage capacity of palm PC by FLASH or SDK card.
Windows CE is the newcomer of Windows family of Microsoft company.It is open, upgradeable 32 embedded OSs that have nothing to do with processor, can satisfy the needs of plurality of devices.Windows CE supports multiple peripheral hardware and network system, comprises keyboard, light pen, touch-screen, serial port, parallel port, Ethernet card, modulator-demodular unit, USB device, printer, audio frequency apparatus and memory device (as pcmcia card).The WindowsCE development environment that adopts in the present embodiment comprises:
(1) Windows CE embedded development kit (eMbedded VB, eMbedded VC).
(2) Windows CE Platform SDK software package, Windows CE Service software package.
(3) Windows2000 of desktop computer, Office2000, Visual Studio kit (VB, VC etc.);
(4) ActiveSync 3.7 (PDA and desktop computer synchronization).
Windows CE supports ATL and MFC, but does not support STL.Though program development is similar with common Windows exploitation, and a lot of differences are also arranged.
In the PDA GIS of present embodiment exploitation, realized being connected and function such as geographical information query of drawing Map and editor, map view, figure and attribute.The GIS drawing function comprises the drafting of basic vector element and the drafting of geographic element, and its basic vector element comprises point, straight line, broken line, circle, ellipse, rectangle etc., and geographic element mainly comprises road, house, tree, greenery patches etc.Drawing Map is handled with different figure layers in native system, can carry out map edit and modification simultaneously.The editor of figure with revise that selection, deletion, the end points comprise graphic element move, element wholely moves, the capture function of pattern primitive vegetarian refreshments, graphic element copy etc.Geographic element also possesses the characteristics such as automatic generation of geographic element symbol except the editting function that possesses the basic vector element.
Embedded GIS data model based on mobile device:
Current Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the three kinds of GIS data models shown in Figure 4 of mainly existing.Conceptual model one as shown in Figure 2.All regard each graphic element as an object,, all be stored in the object set no matter be an object, line object, in the face of resembling or other.Attribute such as whether each object can be recorded as unique identifying number, coordinate string, figure level number, show.To the modification of each object properties, only need find the object that needs modification, just passable to its modification.Whether the control to each object shows " shows " control of attribute exactly to it.To the control of object diagram layer, also be control to its figure level number attribute.
Conceptual model two as shown in Figure 3.Be the point, line, surface models.Each graphic element all is an object, sets up different object sets but will be respectively the point, line, surface object.The point element object stores in the object set, and the line element object storage is in the line object set, and the surface element object storage resembles in the set to facing.Like this, an object set category with conceptual model one is divided into three object sets.
Data model three as shown in Figure 4.Promptly based on the data model of scheming layer.This data model is that unit manages figure to scheme layer.Promptly a figure layer is an object, and real world is made up of different figure layers, and different figure stacked adding constitutes complete geographic landscape together.Different figure layer objects managed by a figure layer object set.Pointed object under each figure layer object, line object in the face of resembling, but does not add all it being stored in the object set of differentiation.Each graphic element object no longer includes " whether showing " this attribute.The substitute is figure layer object and have attributes such as " whether showing " and figure layer identification code.The point, line, surface object that belongs to this figure layer object all stores in the object set of this figure layer object.The point, line, surface object that belongs to another figure layer object all stores in the object set of another figure layer object.
At the hardware technology characteristic of palm PC, present embodiment has proposed Embedded GIS conceptual model as shown in Figure 5.Employing is in the conceptual model of entity object, and the geographical scene that people saw is not the point on the geometric meaning, geometric figures such as line, face, but have the entity such as river, hotel, bookstore of practical significance.Therefore, the handled graphic element of generalized information system at first is an object one by one, then this to as if entity with tangible meaning.Use conceptual abstraction and the logical organization of describing real world geographical entity or phenomenon (being used as object) towards the viewpoint of entity object, meet the epistemic modality of people, and effective realization mechanism is provided real world.It both can be used for setting up the GIS conceptual model, can be used as logic data model again, people is expressed the geodata of the epistemic modality of geographical space and computer-internal unite naturally.Fig. 6 is the palm PC GIS logical and Physical data model designed according to Fig. 5 conceptual model.
Logically, the Embedded GIS data model in program inside with scheme the layer be that unit is operated spatial object.At first, obtain the size of figure layer object set, therefrom travel through then, obtain each figure layer pointer to object.Secondly, in each figure layer, obtain some object set, line object set respectively and face to resemble set sizes.To the operation of an object, promptly from an object set, travel through, obtain the every bit object.To line, in the face of the operation of elephant, promptly gather, travel through in the face of resembling the set from line object, obtain each line object, in the face of resembling pointer, and from each line object, in the face of obtaining dot structure entity sets size resembling, therefrom travel through, obtain each line object, face the coordinate that resembles end points, reach operation each spatial object.Scheme the public information that layer object preserved graphic element simultaneously, as color, line style etc., as long as graphic element is got these property values of place figure layer when rebuilding.Avoided graphic elements all in the same figure layer all to preserve duplicate message.For fear of the layering at a kind of purpose, in the face of other purpose the time, lack adaptability problem simultaneously, also increased a special figure layer in the Embedded GIS data model, that is exactly the composite diagram layer.The composite diagram layer allows the user that the atural object that needs carry out specific use is added in the composite diagram layer, so that carry out corresponding spatial analysis and operation.
As shown in Figure 7 based on the Embedded GIS data model that moves, whole GIS kernel is made of an entity object and a figure layer object.Entity object encapsulates geographical entity, and the data of encapsulation comprise figure and attribute data.The attribute data of describing relevant informations such as its humanity, environment in the geographical entity is encapsulated by entity object.The point, line, surface object does not need to set up separately attribute data, only needs to inherit data from entity object and gets final product.The attribute data of entity object encapsulation can dynamically increase and decrease as required, and main what describe is formative data item, for example for an entity (tree), can be the value of field items such as the seeds of setting, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, maintenance grade.The attribute data of entity object encapsulation is not to be stored in the database, but with graph data integrant together data block-" geographical entity " of entity object encapsulation.This just means when the every GIS operation of carrying out geographical entity, as long as obtained the pointer to object of geographical entity, just can obtain all data of this geographical entity, comprises graph data and attribute data.Do not need to carry out related like this, all will from database, retrieve when having avoided each getattr data according to the unique identifier ID of geographical entity object and data-base recording.This has significantly reduced the time of system's visit and operating database for the palm PC of resource-constrained, has improved the operational efficiency of system.Certainly in order to keep the extensibility of system, system also can carry out related according to the unique identifier ID of geographical entity object and plug-in data-base recording, the expansion of realization attribute data.Figure layer to as if geographical entity collection with same alike result field.In figure layer object, encapsulated the Field Definition of the attribute field of all geographical entities in this figure layer, for example field name, type.Because the attribute data item that encapsulates in entity object is the value of specific object item and do not have the definition of attribute item, for example for an entity (tree), the value " ginkgo " of entity object storage field " seeds ", and memory word name section " seeds " not, promptly for the attribute item of Dynamic Definition, entity object itself is not also known the implication of each property value.As long as but known that geographical entity place layer just can know the implication of each attribute field value according to the field name that defines in the layer.Geographical entity at same figure layer is preserved the occurrence of field according to the order of the field of figure layer definition, figure layer object be the Field Definition of object properties value in the accumulation layer not only, and the total information of object in the accumulation layer, as scheme a layer color, observability etc., thereby avoid all these information of repeated storage of each entity, this greatly reduces the memory space of GIS data on the palm PC.
Physically, in Embedded GIS data model shown in Figure 6, the GIS engineering is the master file of the whole spatial data of management, and it promptly comprises configuration, the database linkage information of whole GIS engineering, the engineering management information such as file path of image data, also comprises the GIS spatial data.Because the palm PC file management is more weak, and does not have database operating system, so in the whole GIS new data organization model of geographical entity, figure and attribute data all are stored in the binary file.Spatial data is deposited successively by the figure layer, and each geographical entity constitutes a relatively independent data segment, in this data segment, deposits graph data earlier and deposits formative attribute data again.Do not having under the extended attribute data conditions of plug-in database like this, only need deposit a file can store whole spatial data, and it is very convenient to operate on palm PC.For general, system also supports the expansion to attribute, the attribute data associated with graph data can store in the Pocket Access database, and its figure and attribute data number are connected by unique ID, and remote sensing image data adopts the management of Bmp bitmap file.When attribute data is operated, utilize the connection of unique ID that database is conducted interviews.In project file, the storage of spatial data also is according to the conceptual model storage organization consistent with logical model.At the spatial data storage area, by figure layer number, spatial data is divided into different data segments, the spatial data of each layer is placed in the same data segment; In same sheaf space data segment, the data of elder generation's storage map layer object, figure layer object comprised the public information of same figure sheaf space object, be divided into the data segment of dissimilar spatial objects again according to the type (point, line, surface etc.) of spatial object, the spatial object that belongs to same type stores in the same data segment.When data being conducted interviews and operate, can avoid visit and operate unwanted data segment, accelerated the visit and the operation of data greatly.
Therefore, the Embedded GIS data model has greatly improved the speed of graphic retrieve, drafting, selection and has reduced the storage of related data.For the limited palm PC of processing power, this model is undoubtedly the stronger data model of a kind of adaptability.
GPS and palm PC interface and data processing:
The GPS kind that is connected with palm PC at present is a lot, and Real-time and Dynamic RTK GPS receiver, CF card slot formula GPS, SD card slot formula GPS, bluetooth GPS, beacon difference engine or the like are arranged.No matter use the GPS receiver of what model, when carrying out being connected with palm PC, all the unified knowledge of interface is com port, so present embodiment is when carrying out being connected with the GPS receiver, unification will all be encapsulated in the dynamic link library to the api function of operation of serial-port, and in dynamic link library, will be packaged into a serial ports class to the operation of serial ports, all api functions to operation of serial-port all are encapsulated in this class, so just need not be when carrying out different GPS connections, repeat writing of code, make the code of software keep high generality and dirigibility.When using dynamic link library, master routine calls class and the function that encapsulates in the dynamic link library, and the time spent does not then never call, and has reduced the consumption of Installed System Memory.
In GPS module dynamic link library, what mainly finish is to the reading of GPS receiver port data, and does not relate to the write operation to port.The GPS receiver has by serial port connecting wire and is connected with PDA, also has to be connected with PDA by the CF card slot.Different GPS receivers and different PDA, the different serial ports of mapping when connecting.The user carries out the test of serial ports to the GPS receiver for convenience, and present embodiment software provides the com port test interface.The good used GPS receiver serial ports of test could normally receive the GPS locating information, carries out the related application of GPS location.Present most of GPS receiver port output meets the gps data of NMEA-0183 navigation protocol format, therefore need parse GPS locating information and other required data from these output datas.
At present, present embodiment has realized that GPS receiver and palm PC GIS's is integrated, promptly need on PDA, not connect GPS in addition, when mobile device itself is a PDA, also be a GPS receiver, the data that palm PC GIS software only need be operated the inner GPS receiver output of PDA just can obtain the GPS locating information.Particularly adopted the GPS Radio Beacon that the GPS locator data is carried out difference, so not only reduced the peripherals of mobile device, and not needing to set up in addition the GPS base station, the bearing accuracy of GPS also is greatly improved simultaneously, has also improved actual greening investigation and the operating efficiency that upgrades.
For high-precision applications more, present embodiment provides the support to dynamic RTK GPS station-keeping mode.Fig. 8 expresses for the GIS that GPS RTK gathers entity.The GPS image data is the anchor point that disperses, and need constitute geographical entity, for example tree, greenery patches etc. according to the actual acquisition situation.When utilizing GPS RTK technology to survey, at first on known control point, set up the GPS base station, on transfer point, adopt the GPS movement station, palm PC is connected with the GPS movement station by serial ports.On the base station, be equipped with wireless station, in real time broadcast GPS phase difference information.Movement station is equipped with wireless station's receiver module, in real time the receiving phase difference information.The GPS movement station is after real time differential is handled GPS reception data, and output meets the gps data of NMEA-0183 navigation protocol format.Palm PC receives the gps data from the GPS movement station, and it carries out real time parsing to follow the NMEA-0183 agreement, resolves the terrestrial coordinate that the back obtains the WGS84 coordinate system.According to the target-based coordinate system that reality adopts, determine ellipsoidal parameter, as major radius of ellipsoid etc.; Determine projective parameter, as projection central meridian etc.; Determine conversion parameter, as four parameters etc.Utilize these parameters that the WGS84 coordinate conversion is become the actual coordinate system coordinate that is adopted.
When palm PC GIS and GPS integrated system utilize the GIS operation, the discrete point that GPS gathers is constituted geographical entity according to the entity type of gathering.When gathering point-like entity (tree), at first create a point-like geographical entity object, utilize the graph data of the gps coordinate structure point object after changing then, when measuring, GPS also can import the attribute data of this geographical entity.When gathering planar entity (greenery patches), two kinds of methods are arranged: a kind of method is earlier by an object collection, after points all on the planar entity all gathered institute, carry out the GIS operation and will create one to go here and there with these points be the planar geographical entity of graph data, then the input attributes data; When being on gathering planar entity first, another kind method creates a planar geographical entity, and be graph data with this point, during on gathering planar entity other, the point that planar geographical entity will newly be gathered in real time is added in the coordinate string of its graph data and upgrades figure, can the input attributes data when gathering.In the graphical interfaces of GIS, will show the figure and the position of the geographical entity of being surveyed in real time.GIS just can carry out any GIS to it then and operate in its sterogram layer under joining after the geographical entity Object Creation was finished in the GIS environment, as figure browse, the editor of figure and attribute etc.
Integrated and the processing of palm PC and remote sensing (RS) data:
In order to carry out sharing and merging and carry out related application based on remote sensing of multi-source data, present embodiment has been realized the loading of remote sensing image, the stack of remote sensing image and polar plot, and based on the functions such as GIS Data Digital of grid image.In order to keep the most original image information, and do not cause the loss of image information, its original image information is not changed, only set up the mapping relations of itself and actual image information, when file is preserved, the also just additional map information of preserving itself and real image.
Image and polar plot are integrated to be browsed in order to make, and the display quality that improves image scaling process, in specific implementation image zooming process, uses optimum proximal point algorithm to the image processing that resamples, and has improved the display effect of image greatly.The core concept that optimum proximal point algorithm resamples is exactly in the image amplification process, because the amplification of image makes some pixels not have color value, these do not have the pixel of color value just to use that color of pixel value filling nearest with it.As Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of this algorithm.Be the image of 4 pixels, it has just become 16 pixels after amplifying 2 times, shown in the right figure of Fig. 9.As not resampling, the image of 16 pixels after amplifying so just has 12 pixels not have color value.Give same color value as 4 pixels of simply same pixel being put back mapping, so when image is put into certain multiple, the non-constant of display effect.In order to make image when amplifying, can be excessive smoothly between the pixel color, those do not have the pixel of color value just to use from its nearest color of pixel value after amplification, if any a plurality of pixels and its from recently, just with the arbitrary color of pixel value in these pixels.Like this after image amplifies, after for example amplifying 10 times, for Fig. 9, the color of pixel value that the color of pixel value of the 1st row the 10th row just no longer is listed as with original the 1st row the 1st, but adopt from its nearest color value, also promptly amplifying the color value of back the 1st row the 11st row, also is simultaneously the color value that amplifies preceding the 1st row the 2nd row.
Use this algorithm, the operation of relevant remote sensing images be packaged into a device independent figure class, the color setting of image with show all in its drawing function.In the display image process, whether judge image in the viewing area, as then not showing in the viewing area, this has improved display speed to a certain extent.On mode of operation to image, the same with common spatial object mode of operation, by obtaining the pointer to object of image, utilize the method for image object class to finish the operation of image again.In order to browse, in the drawing function of images category, be provided with the graph transformation the same with polar plot with polar plot is integrated.When the image amplification is dwindled, be superimposed with polar plot all the time like this.
Palm PC GIS and total powerstation integrated:
In carrying out concrete GPS greening investigation, find the GPS location technology because the covering meeting of dense trees produces some influences to the location of GPS.In this case, carrying out the auxiliary of other metering system is absolutely necessary.Because GPS RTK bearing accuracy is centimetre-sized, so the measurement point that the present embodiment utilization has been come out by GPS RTK technological orientation as known point, and sets up total powerstation those the greening information that can not be located by the GPS technology are measured on these aspects.Realize the real-time mapping of the integrated total powerstation of palm PC, as Figure 10.
1) PDA realizes with the programming of communicating by letter of total powerstation
Windows regards serial port and other communication facilitiess as file as unifications such as fax, Modem, to the opening of serial port, close, operation such as read-write is identical with the api function of operating ordinary file, as CreateFile (), ReadFile (), WriteFile (), CloseHandle ().
2) programming mode
Owing in the process of mapping, need to carry out other operation, as the input of attribute, so integrated system has adopted multithread mode.The application program main thread except that the work of finishing the opening of serial communication resource, parameter configuration and closing, also to finish the establishment of the real-time receiving thread of serial data and close, the coordination of multithreading, the intermediate treatment of data and the work such as man-machine interaction of front end.The real-time receiving thread of serial data mainly finishes supervision to serial ports, reading of data and photos and sending messages are given main thread when having data to arrive, and main thread is handled the data that receive.Utilize function G etSafeHwnd () to obtain window handle, CreateThread () creates thread, and CloseHandle () closes thread.Utilize SuspendThread (), ResumeThread (), GetExitCodeThread (), ExitThread () to hang up, continue, withdraw from thread.The communication of cross-thread can realize by global variable, self-defined message and three kinds of modes of event object.When different threads is visited simultaneously to resource, may cause conflict, for example in the serial communication, each serial ports object has only a buffer zone, sends and receive all will use, must set up synchronization mechanism, make and in the time of one, can only carry out a kind of operation, otherwise communication will make mistakes.When carrying out serial communication, adopted event driven manner.
3) total powerstation communication commonly used command collection
The used total powerstation of native system is the Suo Jia total powerstation.Total powerstation is five needle interfaces, and one five pin and nine kinds of needles patchcord (DOC27) are arranged, and PDA has a nine kinds of needles line order wire, and PDA just can be with on total powerstation be connected like this.Total powerstation has 5 of standard observation orders, 20 of data output orders, 9 of input commands.Standard commands has: " 00H ", " 11H ", " 12H ", " 13H ", " 14H " are mainly used in the distance, horizontal angle, vertical angle and the stop distance observation that obtain observation.Data output order has: " A ", " B ", " Da ", " Db ", " Dd ", " De ", " Df ", " Ea ", " Eb ", " Ec ", " Ed ", " Ea ", " Ef ", " Eg ", " Ga ", " Gb ", " Gc ", " Gd ", " Ge ", " Gf ", sending these orders, mainly is to obtain instrument information, observed parameter information, oblique distance, flat distance, the discrepancy in elevation, horizontal angle, vertical angle, survey station height, target height, survey station coordinate, backsight point coordinate, observation station coordinate, setting-out, off-centre, outstanding high data.
Web GIS exploitation based on J2EE:
Made full use of the platform-neutral of J2EE architecture based on the Web GIS of J2EE,, realized the portability of Web GIS application layer with the application function of EJB encapsulation Web GIS.For the division of J2EE from service logic, Web GIS is expanded in logic at 3 layer services, realize the application of Web GIS.WebGIS can be divided into: 1. data presentation layer, promptly realize the performance of Web GIS in client; 2. application service layer is the core layer of Web GIS, focuses on the application service of issued transaction and GIS; 3. data service layer provides the function of obtaining to data.
(1) data presentation layer
Mainly be the performance that realizes Web GIS data, comprise the demonstration of various GIS data layouts; The map basic operation is as functions such as roaming, amplify, dwindle; The performance of GIS inquiry and analysis result.Support the output of the drawing of GIS analysis result simultaneously.For the data presentation layer, can utilize Java Bean that the map basic function of client is encapsulated, offer the secondary development fast, easily that the user carries out Web GIS, realize the performance of the client of Web GIS.
(2) application service layer
Application service layer is the core that Web GIS sets up.The GIS application service layer is mainly realized the application service of GIS, as the service of data format conversion, GIS spatial analysis service, data acquisition service, projective transformation service etc.Can use the EJB assembly to realize encapsulation for these services.In the design of GIS application layer, need emphasis to consider concurrent processing and two problems of network bandwidth bottleneck of multi-user.Particularly for the concurrent processing of database access.To this, in the design of GIS application layer, need to use the connection pool mechanism and the metadata cache service of multithreading, thereby improve the efficient of GIS application server processes.Solving on the problem of the network bandwidth, usually spatial data is compressed processing, for the realization of the algorithm that is compressed with comparative maturity of raster data, promptly realize accurate lossless compress at present.Vector data is because its complex data structures, the also effectively compression of vector data without comparison.But in some business-like Web GIS softwares, used a kind of technology of vector rasterizing.Promptly on the application service layer of Web GIS, the needed vector data of user is converted to raster data, carry out the transmission of network then.Through after such processing, can shorten the WebGIS client greatly to the amplification of map, the response time of dwindling and roaming.
(3) data service layer
Data service layer comprises the access management function of spatial database for application service layer provides required data, services.The magnanimity space adopts spatial database to carry out the management of spatial data.For distributed Web GIS used, the spatial data that the user was asked in a certain moment of client was certain, is again local with respect to whole massive spatial data.Therefore how obtaining the spatial data that the user asked in a certain moment in real time is to realize one of distributed Web GIS key in application.Need set up the index of massive spatial data to this, this also is the core of data service layer.Obtain when serving carrying out data with space querying, need in data service layer, set up the connection of data access to spatial database, in the J2EE platform, can adopt the multiple mode of Java database access, connect the Database Connection-Pool Technology of (Oracle9i) etc. as the special use of certain database.In sum, based on implementation pattern such as Figure 11 of the Web GIS of J2EE.
Claims (4)
1. mobile space data collection, processing and delivery system, it is characterized in that, comprise data collection layer, data set stratification, data service layer, the data transmission that described data collection layer collects is handled to the data set stratification, by wireless transmission the result transmission of handling is issued to data service layer then.
2. mobile space data collection according to claim 1, processing and delivery system, it is characterized in that, described data collection layer comprises satnav (GPS), remote sensing (RS), mobile device, total powerstation, described layer comprises that GPS and RS integration module, mobile device and total powerstation integration module, this layer are assisted with the total powerstation integration module by mobile device and is connected.
3. mobile space data collection according to claim 2, processing and delivery system, it is characterized in that, described mobile device and total powerstation integration module comprise mobile device, total powerstation, described mobile device, total powerstation connect by the api function that serial port reaches serial Port Operation Method, and employing multithread mode, main thread comprise the opening of serial communication resource, parameter configuration and close, the establishment of the real-time receiving thread of serial data and close, the coordination of multithreading, the intermediate treatment of data and the man-machine interaction of front end; The real-time receiving thread of above-mentioned serial data comprises the supervision to serial ports, and reading of data and photos and sending messages are given main thread when having data to arrive; When carrying out serial communication, adopted event driven manner.
4. mobile space data collection according to claim 1, processing and delivery system is characterized in that, described data service layer comprises the Web GIS based on J2EE, and this GIS comprises GIS data presentation layer, GIS application service layer, GIS data service layer.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102446177A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2012-05-09 | 高德软件有限公司 | Data acquisition method and equipment, data processing method and system, and base map processing method |
| CN105334520A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-02-17 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Difference enhancement method based on aerostat reference station |
| CN108470376A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-31 | 陈菡 | Three-dimension GIS model display method and apparatus |
| CN109885633A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-14 | 杭州易明远科技有限公司 | A kind of GIS data acquisition upgrade-system |
| CN111030907A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | Multi-device data analysis and management method for serial port bus of robot |
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2006
- 2006-04-03 CN CNU2006200407485U patent/CN200986590Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102446177A (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2012-05-09 | 高德软件有限公司 | Data acquisition method and equipment, data processing method and system, and base map processing method |
| CN105334520A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-02-17 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Difference enhancement method based on aerostat reference station |
| CN108470376A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-31 | 陈菡 | Three-dimension GIS model display method and apparatus |
| CN109885633A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-14 | 杭州易明远科技有限公司 | A kind of GIS data acquisition upgrade-system |
| CN111030907A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | Multi-device data analysis and management method for serial port bus of robot |
| CN111030907B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-02-18 | 西安安森智能仪器股份有限公司 | Multi-device data analysis and management method for serial port bus of robot |
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