CN1995912A - Statoscope - Google Patents

Abstract

The differential altimeter composes of communication pipes connected water storage cup and inspection tubes, with the ability of seeing the level height difference of two points being inspected from the inspection tube, a must instrument for engineering quality process control and quality inspection. It applies to construction engineering, construction land engineering, mechanical engineering, equipment inspection and installation engineering and teaching labs.

Description

Statoscope

The present invention relates to a kind of detecting instrument, be used to detect any level height difference at 2.

At present, the instrument of measuring absolute altitude (discrepancy in elevation) has spirit-leveling instrument only, but the spirit-leveling instrument complex structure, form by telescope, circular bubble, long level tube and a plurality of adjustment spirals etc., the precision requirement of parts is very high, makes, assembling, moves and very easily produce error, and cost an arm and a leg; Spirit-leveling instrument is worked on surveyor's staff, and necessary adjustment level before using is adjusted loaded down with trivial details taking a lot of trouble, and adjusts bad meeting and produces very mistake; The check difficulty, correction must be arrived the measuring products quality supervision and test department of national appointment; The blind area is arranged, observe smudgyly nearby, near for distance, the absolute altitude in little place, room (discrepancy in elevation) is measured, and is powerless; Can only intervisibility, observe, measure absolute altitude less than the target of barrier back; Scale on the Sopwith staff is centimetre that reading error is bigger.Therefore, also do not have a kind of being suitable for closely so far, the instrument of the flat discrepancy in elevation of any WAWQ of the working measurement in partition wall place is arranged, cause the relevant national technical standard of China on the low side, carry out and meet difficulty.Owing to there is not a kind of instrument of suitable construction quality process control, cause many partitioned project quality failures, caused tremendous economic loss and bad social influence.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structurely, can adjust level automatically, check is proofreaied and correct easily, and easy to use, measuring error is little, can measure closely, have the new instrument of the flat discrepancy in elevation of any WAWQ in partition wall place.

The present invention uses the principle that linker two ends liquid level becomes level.When the container (water storage cup) of linker one end keeps motionless, raise or when reducing other end container (sighting tube), cause that just liquid flows in linker.After liquid stream was static, the liquid level in the container of linker two ends was just reached level on a new horizontal line.Because flow to the liquid volume of an end container, equal the volume of other end container trickle, thereby calculate the height of end container (sighting tube) lifting or reduction, relation with this end container (sighting tube) liquid level change, draw the height of sighting tube lifting or reduction, equal the height of liquid level change in the sighting tube, multiply by (1+ sighting tube internal diameter square/the water storage cup internal diameter square).But certainly will increase the calculated amount of in-site measurement work like this, inconvenience also easily produces error.In order directly to find out the level height difference of two measured positions from sighting tube, the present invention has dwindled the physical length of sighting tube high scale section than the value that indicates, the value that equals to indicate divided by (1+ sighting tube diameter square/the water storage cup diameter square).The present invention adopts communicating pipe, and an end connects the bigger water storage cup of internal diameter, and the other end connects the less sighting tube of internal diameter and forms linker.The physical length of sighting tube high scale section, littler than the value that indicates, the value that equals to indicate is divided by (1+ sighting tube internal diameter square/side of liquid receiver internal diameter).Water storage cup is placed in that supporting leg is retractable, arm can the tripod of lifting on; Sighting tube assigns in the draw-tube, and draw-tube assigns into again in the seat tube of base, and the upper end of draw-tube and seat tube all is equipped with bottom and is clamped draw-tube, seat tube, and top can clamp, unclamp the pipe box cupling of sighting tube, draw-tube.Communicating pipe is formed by three sections, and one section fall way that passes tripod, saucer link to each other with a cup mouth at the bottom of the water storage cup; One section side opening by the seat tube bottom penetrates seat tube, draw-tube links to each other with the back taper portion of sighting tube lower end; One section is adopted the pipe plug to link to each other with the pipe of the pipe that connects water storage cup, connection sighting tube, forms linker.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing invention is described further:

The structural drawing of Fig. 1 statoscope

Survey installation drawing on Fig. 2

Fig. 3 water storage cup, saucer figure

Fig. 4 sighting tube, draw-tube, seat tube, pipe box cupling figure

Fig. 5 sighting tube figure

Fig. 6 pipe box cupling figure

Fig. 7 statoscope schematic diagram

The meaning of symbolic representation is as follows among the figure:

1-water storage cup 2-saucer 3-tripod 4-communicating pipe 5-pipe plug 6-sighting tube 7-draw-tube 8-seat tube 9-base 10-pipe box cupling 11-backguy 12-goes up survey draw-tube 13-and upward surveys pipe 14-card base

Water storage cup 1 is a container with lid cylindraceous that internal diameter is bigger, and bowl cover can prevent that dust from falling into, and keeps the water cleaning in the instrument.Let slip a remark in the cup end of water storage cup.Let slip a remark and insert in the hole of saucer 2, saucer 2 is trumpet-shaped plastic parts, above the end of tight holder water storage cup, insert in the fall way of tripod 3 bottom.The fall way, the saucer 2 that pass tripod 3 communicating pipe 4 link to each other with leting slip a remark of water storage cup.Sighting tube 6 assigns in the draw-tube 7, and draw-tube 7 assigns in the seat tube 8, and the upper end of draw-tube 7 and seat tube 8 all has a bottom can clamp draw-tube 7, seat tube 8, and top can clamp, unclamp the pipe box cupling 10 of sighting tube 6, draw-tube 7.When the tapered cup nut on pipe box cupling 10 tops unclamps, sighting tube 6, draw-tube 7 can free liftings in draw-tube, seat tube, behind the position that arrival is suitable for observing, screw the tapered cup nut of pipe box cupling upper end again, clamp sighting tube 6, draw-tube 7, make its clamping and positioning, can not glide, guarantee the instrument reliable operation.Seat tube 8 is seated on the base 9, be to measure and real work needs, and base 9 has flat solid, plane hollow, sphere three kinds.In order to detect the level height difference of the aerial track of height, pipeline, masonry, template etc., statoscope design in addition has the survey of going up device.A projected edge plate is arranged on the pipe box cupling 10 on the draw-tube 7, the plate coboundary has radially screw of the aperture of two radial symmetry and two, one end of backguy 11 penetrates in one of them hole, and hold out against fixing with screw, the other end of backguy 11 is by the side opening of last survey draw-tube 12 lower ends, return get off to adjust length after, penetrate in another aperture on the projected edge plate, and hold out against fixing with screw.Last survey draw-tube 12 assigns into to be surveyed in the pipe 13, on survey that draw-tube is located at the last flexible employing pipe box cupling of surveying in the pipe, clamping.Card base 14 is installed in the top of surveying pipe.During measurement last survey draw-tube 12 is released in last survey pipe 13, with managing box cupling 10 last survey draw-tube 12, the location is clamped on the length that needs, again card base 14 is stuck on the high aerial measured position, one end of backguy 11 is fixed on the projected edge plate of pipe box cupling 10 in one of them aperture, again the other end of backguy 11 is passed the side opening of surveying draw-tube 12 lower ends, pull down and hold up sighting tube to the height that is suitable for observing, the other end of backguy 11 is held out against in another aperture that is fixed on pipe box cupling 10 projected edge plates, just can measure the level height difference of high aerial diverse location.Communicating pipes 4 one, the end fall way, the saucer 2 that pass tripod linked to each other with water storage cup, and the other end passes seat tube 8, draw-tube 7 by the side opening of seat tube 8 bottoms, links to each other the formation linker with the back taper of sighting tube 6 lower ends.One section of communicating pipe 4 is placed in the fall way of tripod 3, another section of communicating pipe is placed in draw-tube 7, the seat tube 8, be communicating pipe hidden, not only beautiful, neat and tidy, and be convenient to disassemble and carry, be used in combination.Supporting leg of tripod 3 employings is retractable, the shelf of arm energy lifting, can be suitable for the anthroposcopy needs water storage cup 1 support in differing heights in the air during extension.Volume is very little during gathering, is convenient to collection and carries.Sighting tube 6 is in draw-tube 7, and draw-tube 7 all can free telescopic lifting in seat tube 8, also is for the scale section of sighting tube 6, is supported within the sight line when being fit to observer's different operating attitude.Take in the seat tube 8 with finishing all, be convenient to collection and carry, also help protecting sighting tube.The pipe box cupling adopts tapered cup nut to clamp, and is solid and reliable, do not have the displacement phenomenon that glides; Work finishes, and the tapered cup nut on the derotation pipe box cupling can unclamp sighting tube, draw-tube, and instrument is returned to collecting state.

The present invention is work like this: tripod 3 is placed near the center of scope to be measured, the working depth of water storage cup 1 support to suitable observation; Seat tube base 9 is placed on position A to be measured, or the card base on the last survey pipe is stuck on the wall locations A to be measured, again sighting tube 6 is risen to the working depth that is suitable for observing, then each pipe plug 5 of communicating pipe 4 is inserted, at this moment add water in water storage cup, amount of water is about 1/2 of water storage cup volume.Water flows through communicating pipe 4, through pipe plug 5, enters sighting tube 6, and after liquid stream was static, liquid level just stopped on a certain scale mark of sighting tube, writes down this numerical value.Keep water storage cup 1 position and highly constant, card base 14 on mobile observation pipe base 9 or the last survey pipe is to position B to be measured, after liquid stream is static, if liquid level still stops on the original numerical value, illustrate that position B and position A are in the same surface level, promptly their discrepancy in elevation is 0; If liquid level has risen, illustrate that position B is lower than position A; If liquid level has descended, position B is described than position A height, how much high is position B lower actually or than position A? can calculate from statoscope schematic diagram 7:

X＝H+hb-ha

∵ hb-ha＝h

∴ X＝H+h……(1)

If the water storage cup internal diameter is D, the sighting tube internal diameter is d, and sighting tube is when the A of position, and liquid-column height is ha.Keep water storage cup position and highly constant, when sighting tube was placed position B, the liquid-column height in the sighting tube was hb.Because position B is than the low X of position A, thus hb greater than ha, the value that fluid column rises is h=hb-ha.Why can sighting tube fluid column when the B of position rise? this is because position B is lower than position A, water in the water storage cup is under the fluid column pressure effect, flow to sighting tube, liquid level in the water storage cup H that also thereupon descended, because water storage cup and sighting tube have been formed linker, the liquid volume that flows out in the water storage cup equals the interior liquid volume that flows into of sighting tube, promptly

πD2H/4＝πd2h/4

D2H＝d2h

H＝h·d2/D2……(2)

(2) substitution (1):

X＝h·d2/D2+h

＝h(d2/D2+1)

∵ d2/D2＞0

∴ X＞h

X----sign value (discrepancy in elevation)

The true length of h-----sighting tube scale section

So h=X/ (1+d2/D2)

Therefore, the physical length of sighting tube scale section is littler than the value that indicates, and the value that is sign is divided by (1+d2/D2).

Range as statoscope is 400mm, water storage cup inside diameter D=100mm, and sighting tube inner diameter d=10mm, the physical length of sighting tube high scale section must be 396.04mm.Promptly on the length of the 396.04mm of sighting tube, evenly scribe 400 lattice, every case marker is shown 1mm.

Water storage cup internal diameter 100mm of the present invention, sighting tube internal diameter 10mm.Sighting tube outer rim thickening suitable for reading, there is a bit of back taper the lower end, and inwall scribbles the coating that subtracts attached wall, on the length of pipe shaft 396.04mm, evenly scribes 400 lattice, and every case marker is shown 1mm.What indicate on the sighting tube is digital up-small and down-big.Fluid column rises its value from large to small, and institute's location is put lower; Fluid column its value that descends is changed from small to big, and institute's location is put higher, meets people's thinking habit like this.Select transparent ageing-resistant plastic hose communicating pipe for use, form by multistage, purpose be not the time spent can disassemble instrument separately, be convenient to draw in and deposit, also be in order to form the different operating radius, easy to use.The pipe plug is pegged graft easily, with after pull out, put clean water, i.e. regracting water storage cup, sighting tube is folded communicating pipe, puts the instrumentation package box into, is easy to carry.To note the bubble in emptying communicating pipe during use.As being mixed with bubble, when measuring the elevation of same position, the water level in the sighting tube will come and go in communicating pipe, and illustrating has bubble in the instrument.

The present invention is simple and practical, need not adjust level, and check is proofreaied and correct easily, and error is little, has opened up an incompetent fields of measurement of spirit-leveling instrument, for the process control and the engineering product quality of construction quality provides safeguard.The present invention is easy to use, need not professional survey crew, need not full-time lineman, and construction workman oneself will use, and can measure on the limit, the limit construction, the limit monitoring, last own inspection construction quality has increased a backbone to the workman.Before the building ground engineering construction, find out the peak on ground earlier, can save material, guarantee that levelness, gradient error comply with the national standard requirements.Utilize statoscope to make flashing, can satisfy the requirement of design grade, guarantee again can not produce the phenomenon of falling the flashing.Statoscope has been eliminated the snap the line method of continuity many decades in the construction work, and direct production technique ground on the ground is succinct, save trouble, accurately, the effect height, and quality is good.Utilize statoscope to detect ground surface works, more reliable than visual inspection, than pouring water test science, accurately than the grade rod check.Utilize statoscope to detect camber, amount of deflection, the set-back of bridging crane main beam, than backguy method simply, conveniently, save time; Utilize statoscope to detect the level height difference of high aerial overhead crane orbit and wall mouth etc.,, stand on the ground and just can measure also without snap the line.Be used as teaching aid, can inspire student's mathematical derivation and creative thinking ability.

Claims (5)

1 one kinds of statoscopes of forming by less sighting tube of the bigger water storage cup of the internal diameter that couples together communicating pipe and internal diameter etc., the physical length that it is characterized in that described sighting tube high scale section is littler than the value that indicates, the value that equals to indicate divided by (1+ sighting tube internal diameter square/the water storage cup internal diameter square).

2 by the described statoscope of claim 1, it is characterized in that having a taper to let slip a remark at the bottom of the described water storage cup, and taper is let slip a remark and inserted in the flaring saucer hole, and saucer assigns in the fall way of a retractable tripod of supporting leg together with water storage cup.

3 by the described statoscope of claim 1, it is characterized in that described sighting tube is that an inwall scribbles the transparent glass tube that subtracts attached wall coating, glass tube assigns in the draw-tube, draw-tube assigns in the seat tube of base, the pipe box cupling that the upper end of draw-tube and seat tube all has a bottom to connect with its clamping, the tapered cup nut on pipe box cupling top can clamp sighting tube, draw-tube or unclamp.

4 by the described statoscope of claim 1, it is characterized in that there is a projected edge plate at the pipe box cupling middle part on the described draw-tube, the plate coboundary has radially screw of the aperture of two radial symmetry and two, be installed with a backguy in one of them hole, and hold out against fixing with screw, the other end of backguy is by the side opening of last survey draw-tube lower end, return another aperture that gets off to penetrate the projected edge plate of pipe box cupling on the draw-tube, adjust hold out against with screw after the length of backguy fixing, last survey draw-tube assigns into to be surveyed in the pipe, last survey draw-tube is in the last flexible employing pipe box cupling location of surveying in the pipe, clamp, on survey pipe the upper end card base is housed, card base is stuck on the testee.

5 by the described statoscope of claim 1, it is characterized in that forming described communicating pipe by three sections, one section fall way by tripod, saucer link to each other with leting slip a remark at the bottom of the water storage cup, one section side opening by the seat tube bottom penetrates seat tube, draw-tube links to each other with the back taper of sighting tube lower end, and all the other one section pipe that adopts pipe plug and the pipe that connects water storage cup, connects sighting tube links to each other.

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