CN1981155A - 利用低温固化气体填充压力容器 - Google Patents
利用低温固化气体填充压力容器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在利用气体或气体混合物填充压力容器(1)、特别是安全气囊系统中的压力容器的方法中,将一种或多种低温固化气体和可选的低温液化气体引入压力容器(1)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用气体填充压力容器,特别是安全气囊系统的压力容器的方法。
背景技术
车辆中的安全气囊越来越多地使用新型气体发生器,所述气体发生器在发生事故时使安全气囊在几毫秒内膨胀。高压气体贮存系统被用作气体发生器。
填充有各种气体的气体发生器在生产中在它们的生产和用高达1000巴的压力填充两个方面都产生极大的技术问题。特别是在快速填充期间的压缩热意味着为了引入精确地预先确定的质量的气体,需要(这么高)的压力。这些对于安全气囊随后的膨胀特性至关重要。
需要非常昂贵和复杂的活塞式或膜片式压缩机来产生很高的压力。这就需要高投资成本和高运行与维护成本。此外,需要相应的复杂且昂贵的下游气体供应装置以用于这些压力。
这些问题的一种可能的解决方案是例如在EP 0 033 386 A1或DE 19817 324 A1中所描述的冷填充法。在该方法中,使待引入压力容器的气体在填充操作之前液化,或至少冷却至仅略高于其沸点的温度。该文献中优选的冷却剂为液态氮。由于在冷却期间气体体积与温度大致成比例(如果压力保持恒定的话),所以这样可显著增加有效贮存容量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供另一种利用气体或气体混合物高压填充压力容器的方法。
根据本发明,该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法实现。
根据本发明的方法(工艺)包括至少一种气体,所述气体在被引入压力容器之前、期间或之后转变为低温固化相(solidified phase)。例如,使气体转变为低温固化相并将其引入压力容器中,或者通过被引入相应的已冷却的压力容器中的气体而在压力容器中凝结为低温固化相。这样,通过在填充压力容器期间使用一种或多种气体的低温固化(冰)状态就可生产出高压的充气压力容器。在这种引入操作(填充工艺)期间,不需要施加额外的压力或者仅需要施加较低的额外的压力。有利地,使用不同的低温固化气体来在压力容器中生产压缩气体混合物。此外,有利地,使用至少一种低温固化气体和至少一种其它气体来生产压缩气体混合物。为了生产压缩气体混合物,引入至少一种低温固化气体可以和引入至少一种低温液化气体和/或另一种处于气态的冷气体或热气体相结合。有利地,在将低温固化气体和可选的低温液化气体引入压力容器之后再加入冷气体(例如压缩气体,即将气体抽吸入压力容器)。术语“气体”包括纯气体或气体混合物。在利用低温固化气体和可选的低温液化气体和/或处于气态的气体填充压力容器之后,封闭压力容器。
低温液化气体是已通过制冷(冷却)液化的气体,如低温液化氮(LN2)、低温液化氧、低温液化氩、低温液化氢或低温液化氦。
低温固化气体是通过制冷(冷冻)固化的气体,如低温固化氮、低温固化氧、低温固化氩或低温固化二氧化碳。这还包括半固化气体,其为介于气体或气体混合物的液相与固相之间的过渡相。已冻成冰的气体或低温固化气体或半固化气体被称为冰气体(ice gas)。
举例来说,与处于环境温度的未增压的氩相比,已在液态氮(-196℃)中冻成冰的氩(三相点温度-189℃)的密度可增加大约1000倍。例如,如果在用氩冰填充之后快速封闭压力容器,通过从其周围环境吸收热量,压力自动地显著增加至——取决于填充量——几百巴,例如对于60%的填充量,压力增加至约950巴。
用冰气体(低温固化气体或半固化气体)填充的一个独特的优点在于其高潜热,这使得在将其引入暖的或预先冷却的压力容器中时蒸发损失较低。
例如通过利用低透热系数的材料涂覆容器的内壁可实现对冰气体填充的进一步改进,如WO 02/086379 A1和DE 101 19 115 A1(内部文件标号MG 2445)中所述,该文献在此作为参考。
通过使用转移容器可实现对冰气体填充的进一步改进,其中冰气体被引入压力容器。该转移容器可为能够暂时保存冷的冰气体的任意类型的容纳装置(containment),例如塑料容器或金属容器。该方法变型如下所述。
冰气体的另一个优点在于其具有良好的测量性能。所需的填充质量可通过处于冰状态的气体的体积和密度容易地确定。
通过压缩——机械的或在气体压力下——呈冰或雪形式的物质(优选地在深冷温度下)可实现进一步的改进。
一种用于填充气体混合物的可能方式是将预混合气体填充至已冷却的压力容器中。有利地,混合物的至少一种气体的三相点低于冷却池温度以确保其在填充期间或填充之后固化。优选地,在填充期间将压力容器浸入液氮池中。
可能的气体混合物例如是Ar/O2、Ar/N2、Ar/H2或Ar/He或Ar/O2/N2、Ar/O2/H2、Ar/O2/He、Ar/N2/H2、Ar/N2/He,或选自Ar、CO2、N2、O2、H2、He的两种、三种、四种或五种气体的混合物。
用于填充气体混合物的另一种变型是在压力容器中的一种气体固化之后或在填充冰气体之后填充额外的气体。例如,可将气态或液态氧、气态或液态氮、气态或液态氢或气体或液态氦填充到已经部分地填充有固态氩或半固化氩的压力容器中,以例如用于生产Ar/O2、Ar/N2、Ar/H2或Ar/He的混合物或选自Ar、CO2、N2、O2、H2或He的两种、三种、四种或五种气体的混合物。可在压力容器的冷却期间,例如当其仍浸在液氮池中时,或在将压力容器从冷却池中取出之后,将额外的气体填充至固化或部分地固化和液化的气体中。
一个示例是在将氩填充至浸入液氮池中的压力容器中之后或在填充氩的同时填充氧(1巴压力下的沸点为负186℃),由此氧凝结成液相,从而使其密度增加约850倍。另一个示例是将氢或氦填充至具有氩冰的压力容器中,由此氢被冷却至使其密度分别增加约5倍(氢)和3.7倍(氦)。
利用气体或气体混合物填充压力容器,特别是安全气囊系统中的压力容器的方法的另一种变型的特征在于,借助于至少一个用于储存低温固化气体或气体混合物的容纳装置和/或结构将低温固化气体或低温固化气体混合物引入压力容器中。
容纳装置是用于贮存器的统称,如适于保存低温固化气体或气体混合物(作为固相)并通常储存至少一小段时间的容器或容器状结构。容器的示例包括小型管、杯、胶囊、空心球体或空心体。容器状结构是通常由柔性或薄壁材料如薄膜制成的空心结构。容器状结构的示例包括软管状结构、小袋、袋状物、软管——特别是在一侧封闭的软管——或(口)袋。贮存器通常具有填充口。填充口可以是可封闭式的。
容纳装置有利地由透热系数低的材料或由导热率低的材料制成。内壁涂覆有低透热系数材料的容器——如WO 02/086379 A1和DE 101 19 115A1(内部文件标号MG 2445)中所述,该文献在此作为参考——也是适当的。
容纳装置有利地具有附加的绝热部件,特别是在其下端。可选地,在将容纳装置引入压力容器之前,将绝热元件引入压力容器中。例如,在压力容器的内壁上和/或在内部的底部区域设置一个或多个绝热元件。绝热元件例如是一种由低导热率的材料制成的隔离件。
容纳装置有利地包括某种材料,所述材料在填充与封闭压力容器之后例如通过蒸发或通过与所引入的气体之一发生化学反应而蒸发、熔化或溶解。在那种情况下,容纳装置最终失去其实体结构并在压力容器中变成气态。
有利地,容纳装置可由固化气体如固化二氧化碳制成。
用于储存低温液化气体或气体混合物的装置(储存装置)通常为贮存器或吸收液体的储存材料,如吸收性材料、吸收性泡沫、毛细管材料、吸收性粉末或颗粒或部件。有利地,可使容纳有低温液化气体或气体混合物的储存装置冷却至使得液化气体或气体混合物变成固体或变成液体与固体部分的温度。例如通过在适当的低温下使气体在储存材料中凝结成固体,也能实现储存材料的装载。
储存装置用于储存液化和/或固化的气体。容纳装置可以容纳液化气体和固化气体,例如具有液态氮和固态氩颗粒或块(lumbs)的容纳装置,或具有液态氮和固体二氧化碳颗粒或块的容纳装置,或具有液态氮、固态氩颗粒或块以及固体二氧化碳颗粒或块的容纳装置。储存装置可由固化气体——例如吸收液化或固化气体的气体固态结构——形成。
优选地,在填充或装入低温固化气体或气体混合物之前,将容纳装置或储存装置预冷却至低温固化气体或气体混合物的温度(如熔点)或以下。
在该方法中,将已填充或装载有低温固化和/或液化气体的容纳装置或储存装置引入压力容器中。使用容纳装置或储存装置允许简单地测量低温固化气体和低温液化气体。储存装置在没有容纳装置的情况下使用,或在容纳装置中使用。
利用气体在高压下填充压力容器的方法使用这些气体的低温固化状态。在填充压力容器期间,不需要施加高于大气压的压力或仅需要施加略高于大气压的压力,即,优选在非增压状态或在低压下填充压力容器。填充压力容器的方法通常用于生产填充有高压气体的压力容器。所填充的压力容器在环境温度(如室温或介于0至40℃的温度)下的绝对气压通常为至少100巴,优选地为至少150巴,特别优选地为至少200巴,尤其是至少300巴。该方法可用于生产绝对压力为例如300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000巴或以上的充气压力容器。
压力容器通常为压缩气体容器,如压缩气瓶、气体储存箱、压力罐(canister)或压力筒。压力容器例如是安全气囊系统中通常所说的气体发生器。预冷却的或未预冷却的压力容器均可用于本方法中。预冷却意味着在引入低温固化气体或气体混合物之前,将压力容器冷却至与待引入的低温固化气体或气体混合物的熔点相对应的温度或更低的温度。
在该方法中,将一个或多个保存有低温固化和/或液化气体的容纳装置和/或储存装置转移到压力容器内。容纳装置或储存装置包含相同的低温固化或液化气体,或包含不同的固化或液化气体。另外,可将一种或多种液态或气态的气体填充到压力容器中。
在压力容器——已预冷却或未预冷却——被填充完毕后,封闭该压力容器,然后该压力容器与所引入的气体一起升温。通常会升温至随后使用的温度(环境温度或室温)。例如通过与周围环境的热交换而升温至环境温度。可选地,还可通过主动加热来升温。
在升温之后,将最终的填充压力或次级填充压力(平衡压力)设置为所希望的温度,通常为环境温度。最终的填充压力取决于所引入的气体量。
附图说明
图1示出用于氩的气体冰(gas ice)装置(用于氩冰高压填充的试验设备)的示例;
图2示出压力容器中的氩凝结与固化、同时倒空作为氩源的气瓶之后图1装置的细部;
图3示出与图1装置一起使用的附加气体源。
具体实施方式
图1示出压力容器1、带有管接头8的填充管2、截止阀3、填充有氩气(1巴、15℃)的气瓶4、压力计5、处于压力容器1中的氩冰6以及具有液态氮7的池。
为了确定密度的增加,使来自气瓶4的规定质量的氩冷冻成预先计算的容器体积。为此,通过薄壁管2将气瓶4连接到浸入液态氮7中的容器1上。一旦倒空气瓶4(图2;详细示出了图1装置的倒空的气瓶),则关闭截止阀3并且可将容器1从液氮池取出。可使用压力计5监控试验容器1中由于冷氩的升温而导致的压力增加。在完全升温至环境压力后达到与充填质量相对应的最终压力。
图2示出当氩气在冷却的压力容器1中固化时,装置中不存在压力的情况。
在从液氮池7取出压力容器1之前或之后,可将空的气瓶4从管接头8拆下并可连接另一个气体源。图3中示出了这种情况。
图3示出填充有气体10且配备有连接管11的附加气体储存器9。
图2中的气体储存器9容纳有不同的气体10,如氮气。将气体储存器9和连接管11——替换图1中的气瓶4和连接管8——连接至图1中的截止阀3。这样,在最后封闭压力容器1之前可将一种或多种处于液态或气态的气体10补充填充到压力容器1中。
用于执行该方法的填充装置具有类似的结构。
Claims (10)
1.通过将至少一种低温固化气体和/或至少一种低温固化气体混合物引入压力容器(1),或通过在已冷却的压力容器(1)中产生至少一种固化气体或固化气体混合物或半固化气体,来利用气体或气体混合物填充压力容器(1),特别是安全气囊系统中的压力容器的方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,另外将至少一种低温液化气体或气体混合物和/或至少一种处于气态的气体或气体混合物引入压力容器(1)中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过至少一种气体在压力容器(1)中的凝结而引入低温固化气体或气体混合物。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在引入或产生固化气体或气体混合物或半固化气体之后,另外将至少一种处于固相、液相或气相的气体填充至压力容器(1)内。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,利用容纳装置或储存装置将至少一种低温固化气体或气体混合物或至少一种低温液化气体或气体混合物引入压力容器(1)内。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在填充压力容器之后将其封闭,通过升温或主动加热在压力容器(1)中产生压力。
7.至少一种低温固化气体或气体混合物的应用,其用于利用气体或气体混合物加压填充压力容器(1)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述压力容器(1)为安全气囊系统的气体发生器。
9.至少一种容纳装置和/或储存装置的应用,其用于测量特别是进入容器或压力容器(1)中的低温固化气体或气体混合物和/或低温液化气体或气体混合物。
10.至少一种低温固化气体或气体混合物的应用,其用于生产加压的充气压力容器(1)。
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Cited By (5)
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CN103261775A (zh) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-08-21 | 气体产品与化学公司 | 用于填充气体储存容器的方法 |
TWI618568B (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-03-21 | Guo Mao Sui | Gas recovery and purification process |
CN109704297A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 孙旭临 | 一种通过液氮制取固态氩的方法及装置 |
CN111622925A (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种用于液氦杜瓦的自加压装置及加压方法 |
CN111854252A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-30 | 四川大学 | 光学透明氩冰的生产装置及其生产工艺 |
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US20080202629A1 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2008-08-28 | Friedel Michel | Two-Step-Process for Filling Gas Containers for Airbag Systems and Gas Filling Device for a Two-Step-Filling Process |
EP1813855A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-01 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and arrangement for filling a high pressure gas container with liquefied gas under hydrostatic pressure |
EP1813854A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-01 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and arrangement for filling high pressure gas containers using a filling tube |
EP2466186A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-20 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | A process for filling a gas storage container |
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US1852348A (en) * | 1929-09-30 | 1932-04-05 | H H Adams | Gas storage cylinder |
GB374904A (en) * | 1930-12-16 | 1932-06-16 | Harry Burnham Rudd | Improvements in or relating to a method of sealing a drum or like container and a sealing arrangement therefor |
NL6512548A (zh) * | 1965-09-28 | 1967-03-29 | ||
FR2076164A5 (en) * | 1970-01-02 | 1971-10-15 | Rosenthal Claude | Filling portable plastic containers - for gaseous fuels and sealing them |
DE3714424C1 (de) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-06-09 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Speicherung von Edelgas fuer elektrische Raumfahrtantriebe |
FR2840971B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-08-06 | Air Liquide | Procede de stockage en phase gazeuse d'un fluide compressible et dispositif de stockage correspondant |
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2005
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103261775A (zh) * | 2010-12-16 | 2013-08-21 | 气体产品与化学公司 | 用于填充气体储存容器的方法 |
TWI618568B (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-03-21 | Guo Mao Sui | Gas recovery and purification process |
CN109704297A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 孙旭临 | 一种通过液氮制取固态氩的方法及装置 |
CN109704297B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-06-21 | 明日加加科技有限公司 | 一种通过液氮制取固态氩的方法及装置 |
CN111622925A (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种用于液氦杜瓦的自加压装置及加压方法 |
CN111854252A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-30 | 四川大学 | 光学透明氩冰的生产装置及其生产工艺 |
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