CN1981099B - Controlling cracks in cementitious materials - Google Patents
Controlling cracks in cementitious materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1981099B CN1981099B CN2005800204559A CN200580020455A CN1981099B CN 1981099 B CN1981099 B CN 1981099B CN 2005800204559 A CN2005800204559 A CN 2005800204559A CN 200580020455 A CN200580020455 A CN 200580020455A CN 1981099 B CN1981099 B CN 1981099B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- crackle
- bonding material
- control
- wall part
- holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010011376 Crepitations Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/02—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints
- E01C11/04—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints for cement concrete paving
- E01C11/08—Packing of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/02—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints
- E01C11/04—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints for cement concrete paving
- E01C11/10—Packing of plastic or elastic materials, e.g. wood, resin
- E01C11/106—Joints with only prefabricated packing; Packings therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Referring to figure 1, an embodiment of the invention involves means 1 for controlling cracking in a body of cementitious material, for example concrete, having an elongate base 2, elongate side wall portions 3 and 4 extending from the base and angling towards one another, and an aperture of apertures in the side wall portions. When the means for controlling cracking is in use it can be positioned base down so that a cementitious substance prone to cracking can be poured around and at least partially through it such that cracks which form in the cementitious substance occur at or in the vicinity of the means for controlling cracking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to control the device of crackle in the binding material, for example in concrete.
Background technology
Under the situation of concrete construction, when it solidified, concrete main body crackle was general.At this crackle normally inevitably simultaneously, when processing a large amount of concrete, from the viewpoint of building, hope can be controlled the position of crackle.Therefore, the purpose of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to have at least the crackle that benefits in the control concrete, or offers the useful selection of the public at least.
Be appreciated that and if ought use term here about direction, when for example " making progress " etc., will be understood that it is with reference to the object correlation when service orientation usually, except as otherwise noted.
Be appreciated that also term " comprises " and derivative, for example " include " etc., should be interpreted as the meaning of " contain or comprise "---promptly not to be used for restriction.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, the device of control bonding material main body internal fissure is provided, the device of this control crackle comprises elongated bottom, the elongate side wall part of extending and tilting mutually from the bottom, with the hole in the sidewall sections, the device of this control crackle constitutes like this, when it uses, it can be provided with downwards the bottom, be poured in around it so that be prone to the adhesive mass-energy of crackle, and pass it at least in part, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of control crackle or its.
Preferably, this bonding material comprises concrete.
Preferably, this sidewall sections is with the common triangle that forms when cross section is watched of the part of therebetween bottom.
Preferably, an extension is arranged, its summit from this triangle extends upward.
Preferably, the device of control bonding material main body internal fissure combines with joint, makes up with the device with a plurality of described control crackles.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the device of control bonding material main body internal fissure is provided, this device has elongated bottom, the upwardly extending elongated wall part from the bottom, so that the bottom becomes inverted T-shape substantially with wall part, with the one or more holes in the wall part, the device of control crackle constitutes like this, when it uses, it can be provided with downwards the bottom, be poured in around it so that be prone to the adhesive mass-energy of crackle, and pass it at least in part, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of control crackle or its.
Preferably, this bonding material comprises concrete.
Preferably, these one or more holes constitute this wall or wall part about 50% or more, decide as the case may be.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the device of control bonding material main body internal fissure is provided, this device comprises the part of two elongated basic one-tenth V-types, the elongated wall part, this elongated wall part internally extends and extends to the summit of another V-type part from the summit of a V-type part, with the one or more holes in this wall part, the device of control crackle so constitutes, when it uses, it can be arranged to make the adhesive mass-energy that is prone to crackle to be poured in around it, and pass this one or more holes at least in part, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of control crackle or its.
Preferably, the summit of these two V-type parts is towards essentially identical direction.
Alternatively, the summit of this V-type part is towards opposite substantially direction.
Alternatively, a V-type part is basically greater than another V-type part.
Preferably, these one or more holes at least this wall part of basic comprising superficial area 50%.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the device of control bonding material main body internal fissure is provided, this device comprises elongated bottom and the extended elongated wall part from this bottom, so that bottom and wall part basically form the right angle, with the one or more holes in the wall part, this hole at least the basic comprising wall part 50%, the device of control crackle constitutes like this, when it uses, it can be placed to the adhesive mass-energy that easy crackle occurs is poured in around it, and pass one or more holes at least in part, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of control crackle or its.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of method, control the crackle in the bonding material that is prone to crackle, may further comprise the steps:
I) obtain the device of any described control crackle of aspect as described above, place it in crackle forms in the bonding material of expection position or near the position it then;
A large amount of bonding materials ii) is set so that it extends around wall or wall part and passes wall or wall part to small part, decide as the case may be and
Crackle is formed in bonding material near the control device place of crackle or its.
Preferably, this bonding material comprises concrete.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of method, control the crackle in the bonding material that is prone to crackle, may further comprise the steps:
I) obtain the crackle controller, wherein the crackle controller comprises bottom, extended one or more walls from the bottom, one or more holes in one or more walls, and crackle controller layout is on the throne, in this position, in the position that the crackle in bonding material of expection forms
A large amount of bonding materials ii) are set so that its extend around described one or more walls and pass at least in part one or more walls and
Crackle is formed in bonding material near crackle controller place or its.
Preferably, one or more holes constitute at least one or more walls superficial area 50%.
Description of drawings
Optimal ways more of the present invention will utilize example now and reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of concrete cracks controller,
Fig. 2 is the lateral view of the crackle controller of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is the plan view of the crackle controller among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of another kind of concrete cracks controller,
Fig. 5 is the end view of the crackle controller of Fig. 4,
Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional view of straight line connector,
Fig. 7 and 8 is respectively the lateral view and the plan view of four-way connector,
Fig. 9 and 10 is respectively the lateral view and the plan view of three-way connector,
Figure 11 and 12 be respectively the lateral view of two-way angle connector and plan view and
Figure 13 and 14 is respectively the lateral view and the plan view of threeway t connector,
Figure 15 to 18 is the stereogram and the end view of another kind of concrete cracks controller.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1,2 and 3, concrete cracks controller 1 is an elongate articles, and it has bottom 2, and this bottom has from the bottom obliquely crossing two elongate side wall 3 and 4.Therefore, controller 1 is a hollow, and cross section is generally triangle.Shown in Fig. 2 and 3, sidewall 3 and 4 has the elongated hole 5 at a plurality of intervals.As can be seen, extend a little in each side of wall 3 and 4 bottom 2, and the summit of wall has vertical extension 6.
When controller 1 in use, it can be placed downwards bottom 2, then with a large amount of concrete spoutings around it.The basic at least overlay controller 1 of concrete, and by hole 5, pass therethrough.If desired, also the reinforcing bar (not shown) can be passed hole 5.When concrete setting, it is easily at controller 1 place or occur crackle in its vicinity.Because the concrete main body of controller both sides has basically than controller and/or passes the fact of the bigger quality of concrete part of controller, helps this controlled crackle.
Figure 4 and 5 have shown another kind of concrete cracks controller 7, and it has bottom 8 and upwardly extending wall 9.The bottom becomes inverted T-shape substantially with wall.As shown, controller 7 has the elongated hole 10 at a plurality of intervals.Described selectable crackle controller 7 is used to control concrete cracks in the mode very identical with above-mentioned controller, is about to bottom 8 and places down, then concrete perfusion and run through controller around.Also reinforcing bar can be passed hole 10.The crackle that forms in the concrete easily occurs near controller 7 places or its, because it forms one or more weakening region in concrete.
Preferably, if desired, controller 1 and 7 respectively is provided with aperture in its bottom 2 or 8, so that it can be fixed in basal plane.Preferably, if necessary, these bottoms 2 and 8 are flat substantially, so that controller 1 and 7 can easier maintenance level.
Under the situation of the controller of mentioning at first 1, by wall 3 and 4 and the triangle that forms of the bottom of bottom 2 measure of intensity and stability is provided, for example stop the transverse movement of undesirable wall.
When controller 1 and 7 in use, in some cases, wish it is connected to other such controller 1 and 7.In order to reach this purpose, it can use with suitable straight line, angle or T-shape joint as required.Figure 6 shows that straight line connector 11, it can be used for connecting two controllers of mentioning at first 1.More particularly, two crackle controllers 1 can be installed on the connector 11 as sleeve pipe, and each controller is installed in the opposite end of connector 11.Connector 11 can be established flange 12 at its each end, so that length restriction can be installed within the crackle controller 1 for it.
Fig. 7 and 8, Fig. 9 and 10, Figure 11 and 12, and Figure 13 and 14 shown the connector that other are different, it can use with reference Fig. 1,2 and 3 described crackle controllers 1.Under each situation, crackle controller 1 is installed on the connector as sleeve pipe.Preferably, each in these connectors all has one or more holes, so that concrete or similar item can enter the inside and/or pass them.
Alternatively, above-mentioned crackle controller 1 and 7 and various connector form by the steel or the plastics of 2.0-3.5mm (or preferably by 2.5-3.0mm) specification.The specification that can select material therefor is to be fit to the size at required shrinkage joint.
Preferably, the hole 5 and 10 in the crackle controller account for greatly sidewall 50% or more, and more preferably account for its 52%.
Be appreciated that at least some embodiment of the present invention can make it form controllable shrinkage joint in concrete main body or similar item.The shrinkage joint can be under concrete surface corresponding to the position of crackle controller.
Figure 15,16,17 and 18 have shown according to the present invention the crackle controller 13,14,15 and 16 of optional embodiment.Each figure has shown each crackle controller 13,14,15 or 16 with end view and stereogram.Each crackle controller 13-16 is applicable to various application, for example is used for the turning of concrete panel, with the crackle of controlling the there or the crackle that is controlled at the place, floor.Concrete can utilize gunite or any other suitable manner to be applied to controller 13-16.
As Figure 15, shown in 16 and 18, controller 13,14 and 16 respectively has two V-type end parts and intermediate connecting wall part.Wall part is provided with the hole, so that concrete or some other binding materials can pass therethrough.Under the situation of controller 13 and 14, the summit of two V-type end parts is pointed to same direction and is connected in its wall part on its summit, as the case may be, and in the inside or outside connection the on summit.In the situation of controller 16, the summit of two V-types part point to mutually away from direction, and interconnect by its wall part in the inside on this summit.Controller 15 as shown in figure 17 is right angle forms, and the one side at angle is as the bottom, and another side is as the wall part that wherein has the hole.Preferably, for all controller 13-16, in all cases, its hole at least the basic comprising wall part superficial area 50%.
When utilizing example to describe preferred forms more of the present invention, should be appreciated that and under the situation that does not break away from the accessory claim scope, can make amendment or improve.
Claims (18)
1. device of controlling bonding material main body internal fissure, elongate side wall part that the device of described control crackle comprises elongated bottom, extends from the bottom and tilts mutually and the one or more holes the described sidewall sections, the device of described control crackle constitutes like this, when it uses, it can be provided with downwards the bottom, be poured in around it so that be prone to the adhesive mass-energy of crackle, and freely pass it, promptly pass one or more holes, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of described control crackle or its.
2. according to the device of the control bonding material main body internal fissure of claim 1, wherein, described bonding material comprises concrete.
3. according to the device of the control bonding material main body internal fissure of claim 1 or 2, wherein, described sidewall sections and the part of therebetween bottom be common to form triangle when cross section is watched.
4. according to the device of the control bonding material main body internal fissure of claim 3, wherein, be provided with an extension, its summit from described triangle extends upward.
5. according to the device of the control bonding material main body internal fissure of claim 1, it combines with joint, to make up the device of a plurality of described control crackles.
6. device of controlling bonding material main body internal fissure, described device comprises: elongated bottom; The upwardly extending elongated wall part from the bottom is so that described bottom becomes inverted T-shape substantially with described wall part; With the one or more holes in the described wall part, the device of described control crackle constitutes like this, when it uses, it can be provided with downwards the bottom, be poured in around it so that be prone to the adhesive mass-energy of crackle, and freely pass it, promptly pass one or more holes, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of described control crackle or its.
7. according to the device of the control bonding material main body internal fissure of claim 6, wherein, described bonding material comprises concrete.
8. according to the device of the control bonding material main body internal fissure of claim 1, wherein, listen state one or more holes constitute described wall or wall part 50% or more, decide as the case may be.
9. device of controlling bonding material main body internal fissure, described device comprises two elongated basic one-tenth, the part of V-type, one or more holes in elongated wall part and the described wall part, described elongated wall part internally extends and extends to the summit of another V-type part from the summit of a V-type part, the device of described control crackle constitutes like this, when it uses i its can be arranged to make the adhesive mass-energy that is prone to crackle to be poured in around it, and pass described one or more hole at least in part, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of described control crackle or its.
10. according to the device of the control crackle of claim 9, wherein, essentially identical direction is pointed on the summits of two V-type parts.
11. according to the device of the control crackle of claim 9, wherein, opposite substantially direction is pointed on the summit of V-type part.
12. according to the device of claim 9,10 or 11 control crackle, wherein, a V-type part is basically greater than another V-type part.
13. according to the device of the control crackle of claim 9, wherein, described one or more holes constitute 50% of described wall part surface area at least.
14. device of controlling bonding material main body internal fissure, described device comprises elongated bottom and the extended elongated wall part from described bottom, so that described bottom and wall part form the right angle, described device also comprises the one or more holes in the described wall part, described hole constitutes 50% of described wall part at least, the device of control crackle constitutes like this, when it uses, it can be arranged to make the adhesive mass-energy that is prone to crackle to be poured in around it, and pass one or more holes at least in part, so that subsequently near the inner crackle that forms of bonding material occurs in the device place of described control crackle or its.
15. a control is prone to the method for the crackle in the bonding material of crackle, may further comprise the steps:
I) obtain the device of the control crackle as each claim of front described in, then it is arranged on the position that crackle forms in the bonding material of expection or is close to described position;
A large amount of bonding materials ii) is set so that it extends around described wall or wall part and passes described wall or wall part, decide as the case may be and
Crackle is formed in bonding material near the control device place of crackle or its.
16. according to the method for claim 15, wherein, described bonding material comprises concrete.
17. a control is prone to the method for the crackle in the bonding material of crackle, may further comprise the steps:
I) obtain the crackle controller, wherein said crackle controller comprises bottom, the one or more walls that extend from the bottom and the one or more holes described one or more wall, and described crackle controller is arranged on the position that crackle forms in the bonding material of expection,
A large amount of bonding materials ii) are set so that its extend around described one or more walls and freely pass described one or more wall and
Crackle is formed in bonding material near crackle controller place or its.
18. according to the method for claim 17, wherein, described one or more holes constitute at least described one or more walls superficial area 50%.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ533777 | 2004-06-25 | ||
| NZ533777A NZ533777A (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2004-06-25 | Controlling cracks in cementitious materials |
| PCT/NZ2005/000125 WO2006001713A1 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2005-06-10 | Controlling cracks in cementitious materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1981099A CN1981099A (en) | 2007-06-13 |
| CN1981099B true CN1981099B (en) | 2010-09-29 |
Family
ID=32986088
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005800204559A Expired - Fee Related CN1981099B (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2005-06-10 | Controlling cracks in cementitious materials |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080022622A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1759070A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008503672A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20070028562A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1981099B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2005257680B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2573502A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2429721B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ533777A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006001713A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1786989A4 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2014-03-26 | Timothy Charles O'brien | Concrete expansion joint forming device |
| CN102071615B (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-12-26 | 东南大学 | Method for controlling crack spacing of continuously reinforced cement concrete pavement |
| EE201900010A (en) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-11-16 | Wpmeesti Oü | Rupture element which in concrete constructions |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1071986A (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1993-05-12 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | A kind of concrete-filled steel bearing wall and manufacture method thereof |
| CN1156490A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1997-08-06 | 拉斯科特种结构有限公司 | Contraction joint rail |
| US5743065A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1998-04-28 | Dolese Brothers Co. | Method for reducing stress cracks at re-entrant corners of a concrete slab |
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| US2748591A (en) * | 1952-07-22 | 1956-06-05 | Arthur H Brown | Wall panels |
| US2961803A (en) * | 1957-03-21 | 1960-11-29 | Kenneth E Shapiro | Contraction joint and seal for concrete structures |
| FR1328489A (en) * | 1962-04-19 | 1963-05-31 | Clip and ceiling able to withstand expansion due to heating | |
| US3596421A (en) * | 1969-01-21 | 1971-08-03 | Elkhart Bridge & Iron Co | Structural beam for supporting concrete flooring |
| US4132043A (en) * | 1977-02-22 | 1979-01-02 | H. B. Fuller Company | Structural units |
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| US5918428A (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 1999-07-06 | Engineered Devices Corporation | Crack inducer plate for concrete |
| KR200152480Y1 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-07-15 | 조세훈 | Deck plate for the concrete slab |
| US5857302A (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 1999-01-12 | Lill; Deryl L. | Concrete crack control system |
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2004
- 2004-06-25 NZ NZ533777A patent/NZ533777A/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-06-10 JP JP2007517991A patent/JP2008503672A/en active Pending
- 2005-06-10 CA CA002573502A patent/CA2573502A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-10 KR KR1020077001395A patent/KR20070028562A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-10 AU AU2005257680A patent/AU2005257680B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-06-10 WO PCT/NZ2005/000125 patent/WO2006001713A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-06-10 EP EP05757592A patent/EP1759070A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-10 US US11/570,298 patent/US20080022622A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-10 CN CN2005800204559A patent/CN1981099B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-01-10 GB GB0700389A patent/GB2429721B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1071986A (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1993-05-12 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | A kind of concrete-filled steel bearing wall and manufacture method thereof |
| CN1156490A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1997-08-06 | 拉斯科特种结构有限公司 | Contraction joint rail |
| US5743065A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1998-04-28 | Dolese Brothers Co. | Method for reducing stress cracks at re-entrant corners of a concrete slab |
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| Title |
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| JP平7-127008 1995.05.16 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1759070A1 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
| GB2429721A (en) | 2007-03-07 |
| CN1981099A (en) | 2007-06-13 |
| US20080022622A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| AU2005257680A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
| KR20070028562A (en) | 2007-03-12 |
| NZ533777A (en) | 2004-09-24 |
| CA2573502A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
| JP2008503672A (en) | 2008-02-07 |
| WO2006001713A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
| AU2005257680B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| GB2429721B (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| GB0700389D0 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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