CN1965469B - 运行逆变器的方法和执行该方法的装置 - Google Patents

运行逆变器的方法和执行该方法的装置 Download PDF

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CN1965469B
CN1965469B CN2005800188607A CN200580018860A CN1965469B CN 1965469 B CN1965469 B CN 1965469B CN 2005800188607 A CN2005800188607 A CN 2005800188607A CN 200580018860 A CN200580018860 A CN 200580018860A CN 1965469 B CN1965469 B CN 1965469B
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semiconductor switch
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CN1965469A (zh
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J·哈拉克
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Siemens AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/505Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/515Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/525Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output waveform or frequency
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/005Conversion of dc power input into dc power output using Cuk converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/538Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行电子控制的逆变器的方法,其特征在于,在输出交流电压的正半波期间如此来控制逆变器,以致该逆变器按照升压型/降压型变换器级联的方式来工作,并且其中,在输出交流电压的负半波期间如此来控制逆变器,以致该逆变器按照CUK变换器的方式来工作。

Description

运行逆变器的方法和执行该方法的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行电子控制的逆变器的方法和用于执行该方法的装置。 
背景技术
例如从US-Z.:C.M.Penalver及其他人的“MicroprocessorControl of DC/AC Static Converters(DC/AC静态变换器的微处理器控制)”(IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,卷IE-32,第3期,1985年8月,第186-191页)中公知电子控制的逆变器。电子控制的逆变器例如为此被用于太阳能设备中,即如此来变换由太阳能电池所产生的直流,以致输出到公共的交流电网中是可能的。因此才确保了实际上无限制地利用太阳产生的能量。 
逆变器的多种应用可能性此外已导致,改变用于特定应用情况的升压型变换器(Hochsetzsteller)、升降压型变换器(Hochtiefsetzsteller)和降压型变换器的基本类型。作为实例,在这里引用了在2002年10月17日的EDN杂志中的SanjayaManiktala的文章“Slave converters power auxiliary outputs”,在该文章中说明了逆变器基本类型的不同的组合可能性。 
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务在于扩展从现有技术中公知的逆变器。 
根据本发明,利用开头所述类型的方法来解决该任务,其中,在输出交流电压的正半波期间如此来控制逆变器,以致该逆变器按照升压型/降压型变换器级联的方式来工作,并且其中,在输出交流电压的负半波期间如此来控制逆变器,以致该逆变器按照CUK变换器的方式来工作,将具有两个直流电压接线端子、两个交流电压接线端子和多个借助微控制器来控制的半导体开关的单相逆变器设置为逆变器,其中所述逆变器包括第一扼流圈,该第一扼流圈的第一侧与直流电压源的正极相连接,而该第一扼流圈的第二侧通过第一半导体开关与所述直流电压源的负极相连接,所述第一扼流圈的第二侧通过第二半导体开关和第三半导体开关的串联电路与第二扼流圈的第一接线端子 相连接,该第二扼流圈的第二接线端子被连接到交流电压输出的第一接线端子上,第二和第三半导体开关的连接点通过第一电容器和第五半导体开关与所述交流电压输出的第二接线端子相连接,所述直流电压源的负极与所述交流电压输出的第二接线端子相连接,并且第一电容器和第五半导体开关的连接点通过第四半导体开关与所述第二扼流圈的第一接线端子相连接。 
升压型/降压型变换器和CUK变换器的功能的根据本发明的组合导致一种损耗特别少的逆变器,该逆变器因此也具有高效率并且因而尤其是特别适于用在太阳能设备中。 
如果将具有两个直流电压接线端子、两个交流电压接线端子和多个借助微控制器来控制的半导体开关的单相逆变器设置为逆变器,则是有利的。为实现该方法,本发明还提供一种相应的逆变器,其中设置了微控制器,为了控制所述半导体开关而相应地对该微控制器进行编程。 
如果逆变器包括第一扼流圈,如果第一扼流圈的第二侧通过第二半导体开关和第三半导体开关的串联电路而与第二扼流圈的第一接线端子相连接,如果第二和第三半导体开关的连接点通过第一电容器和第五半导体开关与交流电压输出的第二接线端子相连接,如果直流电压源的负极与交流电压输出的第二接线端子相连接,并且如果第一电容器和第五半导体开关的连接点通过第四半导体开关与第二扼流圈的第一接线端子相连接,则是有利的,该第一扼流圈的第一侧与直流电压源的正极相连接,而该第一扼流圈的第二侧通过第一半导体开关与直流电压源的负极相连接,该第二扼流圈的第二接线端子被连接到交流电压输出的第一接线端子上。 
此外,如果借助微控制器在输出交流电压的正半波期间使第一、第二、第三和第四半导体开关脉动并且持久地接通第五半导体开关,并且如果在此分别推挽式(im Gegentakt)地连接第一和第二半导体开关以及第三和第四半导体开关,并且如果在输出交流电压的负半波期间推挽式脉动地连接第一和第五半导体开关,以及如果在此时期中持久地接通第二和第四半导体开关并且持久地关断第三半导体开关,则是特别有利的。 
如果在用于执行本发明方法的逆变器中设置了微控制器,则是有 益的,为了控制这些半导体开关,相应地对该微控制器进行编程。 
附图说明
借助附图来详细说明本发明。其中: 
图1示例性示出了示例性逆变器的电路图, 
图2示例性示出了在应用MOSFET时的示例性逆变器的电路图。 
图3、4、5和6示例性示出了示例性逆变器在输出交流电压的正半波期间的通过电流和开关工作状态, 
图7和8示例性示出了示例性逆变器在输出交流电压的负半波期间的通过电流和开关工作状态,以及 
图9和图10示例性示出了半导体开关的示例性控制信号的时间变化曲线。 
具体实施方式
附图中所示出的逆变器包括第一扼流圈L1,该第一扼流圈L1的第一侧与直流电压源U输入的正极相连接,而该第一扼流圈L1的第二侧通过第一半导体开关S1与直流电压源U输入的负极相连接。 
第一扼流圈L1的第二侧通过第二和第三半导体开关S2、S3的串联电路与第二扼流圈L2的第一接线端子相连接,该第二扼流圈L2的第二接线端子被连接到交流电压输出U输出的第一接线端子上。第二和第三半导体开关S2、S3的连接通过第一电容器CC和第五半导体开关(S5)与交流电压输出(U电网)的第二接线端子相连接,此外,在直流电压源的负极与交流电压输出的第二接线端子之间设置了连接,并且第一电容器(CC)和第五半导体开关(S5)的公共点通过第四半导体开关(S4)与第二扼流圈(L2)的第一接线端子相连接。 
在将n沟道阻挡层MOSFET用作半导体开关S1、S2、S3、S4、S5时,应注意图2中由虚线示出的二极管符号所表明的安装方向。 
在本发明的改进方案中,采用二极管D1是合宜的,但是,该二极管D1的功能也可以通过相应地控制半导体开关来实现。 
借助(未示出的)微控制器来实现半导体开关的控制。 
在此,根据本发明,在输出交流电压的正半波期间,使第一、第二、第三和第四半导体开关S1、S2、S3、S4脉动,并且持久地接通第五半导体开关S5,其中,分别推挽式地连接第一和第二半导体开关S1、S2以及第三和第四半导体开关S3、S4。在输出交流电压的负 半波期间,推挽式脉动地连接第一和第五半导体开关S1、S5,并且持久地接通第二和第四半导体开关S2、S4。在该时期中,持久地关断第三半导体开关S3。 
图3在此示出了以下状态,在该状态下,逆变器在输出电压的正半波期间从直流电压源U输入中接收电能。为此闭合了第一半导体开关S1,并且因此在直流电压源U输入的正极通过第一扼流圈L1与第一半导体开关S1之间有电流路径。 
在此状态下,第一扼流圈L1存储能量,该能量(如图4中所示出的那样)在打开第一半导体开关S1之后在从现在起闭合的第二和第三半导体开关S2、S3中通过第二扼流圈L2被输出给交流电压输出U输出。 
在此所形成的电流回路从直流电压源U输入的正极经过第一扼流圈L1、第二和第三半导体开关S2、S3经过第二扼流圈L2延伸到交流电压输出U输出,并且经过交流电压电网向直流电压源U输入的负极延伸。第二扼流圈L2在此存储了能量。同时,由于同样闭合的第五半导体开关S5而给第一电容器CC充电。 
在下一个开关过程中,(如图5中所示出的那样)打开第三半导体开关S3,并且闭合第四半导体开关。 
经过第二扼流圈L2、交流电压电网U输出、和第五及第四半导体开关S5、S4构成了电流回路,其中,第二扼流圈将所存储的能量输出给交流电压电网U输出。 
同时,另一电流回路从直流电压源U输入的正极经过第一扼流圈L1、第二半导体开关S2经过第一电容器CC和第五半导体开关S5向直流电压源U输入的负极延伸。 
利用在图6中所示出的开关工作状态,结束了在正半波期间的开关循环。 
闭合了第一半导体开关S1,并且因此在直流电压源U输入的正极经过第一扼流圈L1与第一半导体开关S1之间有电流路径。逆变器从直流电压源U输入中接收电能。 
同时,第二扼流圈L2还将能量输出给交流电压电网U输出,因为通过第五和第四半导体开关S5、S4还闭合了相应的电流回路,随着打开第四半导体开关S4才中断该电流回路,因此也再次实现了在图 4中所示出的开关工作状态。 
借助图7和图8现在来阐述在输出交流电压的负半波期间的开关工作状态。如也从图9和图10中看到的那样,在这个时期中,推挽式脉动地连接第一和第五半导体开关S1、S5,持久地接通第二和第四半导体开关S2、S4,并且持久地关断第三半导体开关(S3)。因此根据本发明,在输出交流电压的负半波期间实施了所谓的CUK变换器的功能。 
如果闭合了第一、第二和第四半导体开关S1、S2、S4,并且闭合地打开了第三和第五半导体开关S3、S5,则图7示出了该情况。在直流电压源U输入的正极经过第一扼流圈L1与第一半导体开关S1之间构成了电流路径,并经过第二扼流圈L2、第四半导体开关S4、第一电容器Cc以及第二和第一半导体开关S2、S1和输出交流电压电网U输出构成了第二电流路径。 
在下一个开关过程中,(如图8中所示出的那样)打开了第一半导体开关S1并且推挽式地闭合了第五半导体开关S5。 
由此得到的电流回路一方面从直流电压源U输入的正极经过第一扼流圈L1、第二半导体开关S2经过第一电容器CC和第五半导体开关S5向直流电压源U输入的负极延伸,而另一方面经过第二扼流圈L2、第四和第五半导体开关S4、S5、交流电压电网U输出延伸。 
在图9和图10以及图10中分别示出了半导体开关S1、S2、S3、S4和S5的控制信号的示例性变化曲线,其中,这两个附图示出了在输出交流电压的正半波的时期期间的可设想的不同的开关变型方案。 

Claims (3)

1.用于运行电子控制的逆变器的方法,其特征在于,在输出交流电压的正半波期间如此来控制所述逆变器,以致所述逆变器按照升压型/降压型变换器级联的方式来工作,并且其中,在所述输出交流电压的负半波期间如此来控制所述逆变器,以致所述逆变器按照CUK变换器的方式来工作,将具有两个直流电压接线端子、两个交流电压接线端子和多个借助微控制器来控制的半导体开关的单相逆变器设置为逆变器,
其中所述逆变器包括第一扼流圈(L1),该第一扼流圈(L1)的第一侧与直流电压源(U输入)的正极相连接,而该第一扼流圈(L1)的第二侧通过第一半导体开关(S1)与所述直流电压源(U输入)的负极相连接,
所述第一扼流圈(L1)的第二侧通过第二半导体开关(S2)和第三半导体开关(S3)的串联电路与第二扼流圈(L2)的第一接线端子相连接,该第二扼流圈(L2)的第二接线端子被连接到交流电压输出(U输出)的第一接线端子上,
第二和第三半导体开关(S2,S3)的连接点通过第一电容器(Cc)和第五半导体开关(S5)与所述交流电压输出(U输出)的第二接线端子相连接,
所述直流电压源(U输入)的负极与所述交流电压输出(U输出)的第二接线端子相连接,
并且第一电容器(Cc)和第五半导体开关(S5)的连接点通过第四半导体开关(S4)与所述第二扼流圈(L2)的第一接线端子相连接。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,借助微控制器在所述输出交流电压的正半波期间使所述第一、第二、第三和第四半导体开关(S1,S2,S3,S4)脉动,并且持久地接通所述第五半导体开关(S5),并且在此分别推挽式地连接第一和第二半导体开关(S1,S2)以及第三和第四半导体开关(S3,S4),并且在所述输出交流电压的负半波期间推挽式脉动地连接第一和第五半导体开关(S1,S5),并且在该负半波期间中持久地接通所述第二和所述第四半导体开关(S2,S4),并且持久地关断所述第三半导体开关(S3)。
3.用于执行按权利要求1至2之一所述的方法的逆变器,其特征在于,设置了微控制器,为了控制所述半导体开关而相应地对该微控制器进行编程。
CN2005800188607A 2004-06-08 2005-05-18 运行逆变器的方法和执行该方法的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1965469B (zh)

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