CN1964756B - 病人通气和抽吸系统 - Google Patents

病人通气和抽吸系统 Download PDF

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CN1964756B
CN1964756B CN2005800167418A CN200580016741A CN1964756B CN 1964756 B CN1964756 B CN 1964756B CN 2005800167418 A CN2005800167418 A CN 2005800167418A CN 200580016741 A CN200580016741 A CN 200580016741A CN 1964756 B CN1964756 B CN 1964756B
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彼得·肯尼思·格雷厄姆
德希塔·艾尔拉瓦纳·埃迪里苏里亚
德韦恩·约翰·斯科莱
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    • A61M16/08Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
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    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1075Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
    • A61M16/109Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature the humidifying liquid or the beneficial agent

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Abstract

公开了一种病人通气(23)和抽吸系统(8),该系统具有用于连接到具有密封通路(15)的导管支架上的吸入管(9)和连接器(6)。导管支架通路(15)通过包括穿孔或狭缝(17)的弹性密封件(16)密封。带有刺穿部件的连接器(12)与吸入管(9)相连。当连接器被联接到导管支架上时,刺穿部件(20)刺穿密封件(16),从而使得吸入管(9)可以穿过连接器(6)和导管支架。

Description

病人通气和抽吸系统
技术领域
本发明涉及导管连接器,并且特别是但不仅仅涉及用于与气管造口术或气管内病人通气系统一起使用的抽吸系统的导管连接器。
背景技术
许多医疗过程需要将气管造口术或气管内导管布置到气管中,以直接将空气输送到肺中。采用这种方式通气的病人自身不能独立地清洁聚集在其肺部和气道中的分泌物。为了克服该问题,消过毒的柔软的吸入管通过气管造口术或气管内导管被插入病人中。该吸入管与外部真空源一起使用,以产生吸力并且帮助清洁分泌物。在称为敞开抽吸系统的分泌物移除方法中,吸入管在使用之后立即被处理,因为其已经被存留在病人气道中的病原体和细菌所污染,并且一旦其从病人的气道中移除,该管将暴露在大气中,从而存在着传染照护者的危险。敞开抽吸系统的一种替代形式被称为封闭抽吸系统,其中当吸入管处于病人的体外时,其被包围在密封柔性塑料套中,因此可允许吸入管使用多次,然后在必要时或者在一定周期之后、通常是每24小时对其进行更换。封闭抽吸系统为与病人接触的任何人、例如照护者提供相对于污染物的一定程度的保护,并且类似地保护病人不受照护者等的传染。由于其是首先介绍的,该封闭系统的多个方面已经被改良,以便于改进该系统的有效性。
US 4,351,328公开了一种组合的气管造口术通气管和敞开式病人抽吸系统。所公开的装置具有抽吸导管在通过气管造口术管推进到气管中之前暴露到大气中的缺陷。在该导管穿透密封件时,该导管也与该密封件的外侧部分接触,从而使得在细菌堆积在病人的肺中之前,允许该导管吸取在通气器的外表面上的细菌。该系统的进一步缺陷在于该导管穿过和越过密封件的阻力较高,并且当气管造口术管和其它配件无意中移动和扭曲以克服该阻力时,将导致病人出现一些不舒服的感觉。
US 4,569,344公开了一种组合的气管造口术通气管和封闭式病人抽吸系统。所公开的装置具有以下缺陷,即当连接器被松开以实施日常清洁或维护或者替换该抽吸系统时,该通气管是未密封的,从而使得外部空气携带的细菌可以通过通气管进入气管中。而且,如果系统未密封,则难以在该系统内保持PEEP(呼气末正压),诸如在连接器被松开时的情况那样。如果PEEP在整个该系统中不能被保持,这不仅会影响病人的通气,而且在气管套管布置的最普遍形式中,充气封套被用来在病人气管的适当位置处保持和密封气管造口术管的通气和抽吸套管。如果PEEP失去,该封套可以放气,从而允许汇聚在封套上的声门下的流体泄漏到病人的肺中。该说明书中所公开的装置还具有以下缺陷,即在连接之前,该导管的端部完全暴露,并且当其推进到气管中时与通气装置的外表面的暴露部分接触,从而导致感染病人的更大几率。
US 5,060,646公开了一种用于通气和抽吸的类似封闭系统。该系统具有以下缺陷,即如果未拆封通气系统,包含导管的抽吸组件不能为了替换或维护而被移除,从而使得难以保持PEEP,并且可允许空气携带的细菌进入该系统中。同时,在这种情况下,导管可以在不接触外表面的情况下插入通气装置中,这仅仅在通风装置被拆封时发生,并且具有上面提到的缺陷。而且,除去和连接抽吸组件通过阻力装配进行,因此如上所述,病人在增加的扭曲和拉动可能性的情况下会感觉到不舒服。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种通气和抽吸装置,其能够克服上述问题或者缺陷中的一个或多个,或者其至少可以为公众提供一种有用的选择。
在第一方面,本发明提供一种病人通气和抽吸系统,其包括:
加压气体源,
适于在使用时将气体传送至病人的气体输送装置,
病人连接器,其适于通过气管造口术或者气管内接头将气体送给至病人,所述病人连接器适于在使用时与所述气体输送装置流体连通,
导管支架,其基本上呈管状并且适于在使用时装配在所述病人连接器和所述气体输送装置之间,所述导管支架包括用于接受抽吸系统的附加通路,所述通路由密封件覆盖,所述密封件包括再密封机构,以及
吸入管,其具有远端和近端,并且由可伸缩封套围绕,所述远端装配有远端连接器,所述近端可移动通过联接到所述封套上的近端连接器,所述远端连接器适于在使用时允许所述吸入管的所述远端与一抽吸装置相连,所述近端连接器可释放地连接到所述导管支架上,所述近端连接器包括刺穿部件,该刺穿部件在所述近端连接器和所述导管支架被连接时能够刺穿所述密封件,所述吸入管能够穿过所述刺穿部件并且不接触所述密封件,
通过所述导管支架的所述通路允许在所述吸入管不接触所述导管支架的内壁的情况下使所述吸入管通过并进入所述气管造口术或气管内接头中。
在第二方面,本发明提供一种用于连接到具有密封通路的导管支架上的系统,其由吸入管和连接器组成,所述吸入管和连接器包括:
吸入管,其具有远端和近端,
围绕所述吸入管的可伸缩封套,
所述连接器包括远端连接器和近端连接器,所述远端连接器装配到所述远端上并适于在使用时允许所述吸入管的远端与一抽吸装置相连,所述近端连接器联接到所述封套上,所述吸入管的所述近端可移动通过所述近端连接器,所述近端连接器适于可释放地与所述导管支架相连,并且还被配置成使得当连接到所述导管支架上时形成一腔室,所述腔室围绕一密封件并且在其中产生一死空间,
刺穿部件,其能够刺穿所述密封件,并且所述吸入管能够穿过所述刺穿部件并不接触所述密封件。
附图说明
下面将参照附图描述本发明的优选形式。
图1示出了例如可能与本发明一起使用的病人使用中的通气管路,特别是示出了采用弯管连接器(肘形连接器)、导管和气管造口术或气管内连接器的本发明的抽吸组件。
图2是图1的抽吸组件、导管和弯管连接器的详图,还示出了病人和将抽吸组件与抽吸泵相连的通气管。
图3是抽吸组件的详图,示出了导管和与抽吸组件分离的弯管连接器。
图4是导管和弯管连接器的进一步的详图,该弯管连接器具有设有穿孔的弹性密封件和用于连接该两个部件的卡口接头。
图5是联接到导管上并进入导管中的近端连接器的详细剖视图,示出了当抽吸组件联接到导管上时建立的死空间或无效空间,并且导管穿过中心突出部和密封件。
图6示出了本发明的导管的可选实施例,其中分叉的y形气管造口术连接器被用于替代导管和气管造口术连接器。
图7示出了本发明的导管的另一可选实施例,其中十字形或x形接头被用于替代优选实施例的T形接头。
具体实施方式
本发明由数个分离部件组成,这些部件装配到一起,以形成一个系统,从而使病人3通气(ventilate)和抽吸(aspirate)。该系统包括气管造口术(tracheostomy)或者气管内(endotracheal)连接器1(在下文中称为“病人连接器1”),其在使用时联接到位于病人3的颈部或喉部的气管造口术或气管内接头2上。在附图中,病人仅仅被示出为带有气管造口术接头而非气管内接头和管。弯管连接器6和导管4连接在一起,以形成导管支架。弯管连接器6联接到病人连接器1上。还设有联接到弯管连接器6上的抽吸组件8。导管4实际上为一段管道,其将弯管连接器6与将气体供给至病人气道中的通气系统相连。
在上述优选实施例中,病人已经进行了手术并且已经将气管造口术或气管内接头2插入他或者她的气管中,以允许通气和抽吸。
参见图1和2,示出了可能与本发明的吸入管连接器一起使用的通气和加湿系统。病人3通过气管造口术或气管内接头2(在下文中称为“病人接头2”)接收加湿和加压气体。导管4与加湿气体输送通道或吸入管道7相连,该加湿气体输送通道或吸入管道7反过来与从通气器23供给气体的加湿器25相连。呼气管道24将来自病人的气体输送回通气器中,以帮助病人3的呼吸。组成通气和加湿系统通气器23、加湿器25和管道24已经在现有技术中公开,并且可以为菲舍尔和佩克尔有限公司的US5,640,951中所描述的类型。
抽吸组件8由吸入管9、可伸缩柔性(软质)塑料封套10和位于每个端部的至少两个接头组成,特别是,该两个接头为离病人最远的远端接头11和离病人3最近的近端连接器12。吸入管9能够通过近端连接器12前后滑动,从而使得在使用中通过吸入管9的移动,封套10纵向收缩和扩张。近端连接器12具有可释放的连接器机构,以允许联接到弯管连接器6上并由此联接到导管4上。塑料封套10容纳可能被堆积在吸入管9外的来自病人3的肺中的任何危险生物废物。远端接头11与抽吸泵13相连。从泵13产生的吸力用于通过吸入管9从病人3的肺和气道通道中吸取流体。
为了使吸入管9通到病人3的肺和气道中,其长度可以被推动通过近端连接器12、穿过弯管连接器6、病人连接器1和病人接头2,然后进入病人3的肺中。为了防止病人气道的阻塞,当不使用时,吸入管9不留在病人3体内。因此,当不使用时,吸入管9基本上通过近端连接器12缩回并且进入塑料封套10中。塑料封套10可以围绕吸入管9伸缩,因为存在小孔31(参见图3),其可进行空气的排放,并且因此可使封套皱缩以及利用空气填充封套。
近端连接器12将抽吸组件8可释放地连接到弯管连接器6上。在图3和4所示的优选实施例中,弯管连接器6和导管4在横截面上基本上呈T形。T形截面的竖立部分形成或连接到通气管4上。T形截面的臂端形成或连接到病人连接器1上,并且另一端形成接受抽吸组件8的近端连接器12的通道15。密封件16位于通道15的最外端处并且密封通道15。在该优选实施例中,该密封件为弹性材料(或弹性体材料),诸如硅橡胶,并且具有形成在该密封件的中心的狭缝17。该狭缝17允许例如通过中心突出部20(将在下面描述)或吸入管9使密封件16被刺穿,但是随后一旦刺穿该密封件的物体已经被移除便再密封。
在弯管连接器和导管的其它形式中,可以采用L形构造,其中L的角部中可设置一孔,其中弹性密封件设置在该孔中。在该构造中,通道15在长度上将较短。
现在参见图5,近端连接器12由两个嵌套的杯形接头组成,即围绕中心突出部20延伸的内部杯形接头18和外部杯形接头19。中心突出部20优选伸出越过外部杯形接头19的边缘28,尽管这一点对于突出部20来说并非是严格必需的。外部杯形接头19的边缘28伸出越过内部杯形接头18的边缘27。外部杯形接头19优选具有比形成通道15的弯管连接器6的外径稍大的内径。内部杯形接头18具有比弯管连接器6的横向部的外径稍小的直径。近端连接器12和弯管连接器6聚集到一起并且连接起来,从而使得中心突出部20穿过弹性密封件16中的狭缝17,并且伸入通道15中。内部杯形接头18的边缘邻接通道15的端部。死空间(无效空间)21在内部杯形接头18的内部形成于密封件16的外表面和突出部20的外表面之间。当弯管连接器6和抽吸组件8以这种方式连接时,没有必要考虑密封件是气密的和阻止气体泄漏到大气中,因为密封发生在密封件16和内部杯形接头18的端部27之间。在任何情况下,可能发生的任何可能的泄漏包含在连接所形成的死空间21中。当弯管连接器6和抽吸组件8聚集在一起时,死空间21中断流过密封件16的气体和大气之间的直接通路。一旦内部杯形接头18的边缘27在通道15的端部已经被推压抵靠密封件16,内部杯形接头18的边缘27和密封件16形成可防止向大气进一步泄漏的密封。
由于内部杯形接头18邻接密封件16,部分外部杯形接头19叠盖并环绕通道15的外端部分29。通道15和外部杯形接头19通过现有技术中已知类型的可释放可锁定卡口接头22装配起来。卡口接头22防止近端连接器12从弯管连接器6中的无意释放。
在该优选实施例中,中心突出部20为从近端连接器12中伸出的中空管。导管9紧密地装配在中心突出部20中,并且很容易地在其中滑动。该紧密配合具有几乎没有或没有气体通过密封件16泄漏或逸出以通过导管9和中心突出部20之间的优点。在气体发生泄漏的情况下,近端连接器12中的附加密封件或者垫圈30可防止气体进入封套10中。密封件或垫圈30还围绕吸入管执行擦抹作用,并防止过多粘液、污染物等进入封套10中。
在本发明的一些形式中,封套10可以由可透气材料、例如SYMPATEXTM形成。
在使用时,当近端连接器12与弯管连接器6匹配时,突出部20被推动穿过密封件16中的狭缝17,并且近端连接器12通过卡口接头22锁定到弯管连接器6上。然后,吸入管9的端部可以被推动穿过中心突出部20的中空中心进入弯管连接器6中,然后进入病人连接器1中、病人接头2和进入病人3的肺中。在抽吸操作已经完成之后,吸入管9可以通过近端连接器12向后撤回,并且位于吸入导管9的外表面的任何污染物可以安全地容纳在塑料封套10中。
一旦抽吸组件8与弯管连接器6已经匹配,几乎没有或没有为推动吸入导管9通过密封件16的弯管连接器和导管4的无意作用力或扭曲。吸入导管9可很容易地在由中心突出部20形成的管中移动。因此,本发明的系统可减小病人损伤的程度。上述密封件16和近端连接器12的特征还确保了通过密封件16的任何气体泄漏不会导致对PEEP的过多损耗。
在所述和附图中示出的本发明的优选实施例中,病人连接器1连接到弯管连接器6上或者可以为弯管连接器6的整体部分。这是该类型的通气管路的普通实施例,尽管在图6中示出的允许弯管连接器6和导管4独立连接的该类型分叉y形气管造口术接头5是已知的。
类似的可选系统在图7中示出,其中抽吸组件8联接到十字形或x形导管26上。导管26的一个分支形成通道15并且相对分支形成病人连接器2。在该实施例中,一个侧面分支形成吸气管道7并且相对分支形成排放呼气管道或者导回到通气器23的呼气管道24(如果被使用在辅助呼吸构造中)。
优选实施例中的上述类型的系统以及具有分叉y形气管造口术接头5或者x形导管26的替换形式具有以下优点,即它们是模块式的,并且分离部件、例如弯管连接器6或者抽吸组件8可以很容易地从该系统中移除以及必要时进行替换。这是尤其有用的,因为抽吸组件8将可能需要比其它部件更频繁地移除和替换。

Claims (9)

1.一种病人通气和抽吸系统,其包括:
加压气体源,
适于在使用时将气体传送至病人的气体输送装置,
病人连接器,其适于通过气管造口术或气管内接头将气体送给至病人,所述病人连接器适于在使用时与所述气体输送装置流体连通,
导管支架,其基本上呈管状并且适于在使用时装配在所述病人连接器和所述气体输送装置之间,所述导管支架包括用于接受一抽吸系统的附加通路,所述通路由一密封件覆盖,所述密封件包括再密封机构,以及
吸入管,其具有远端和近端,并且由可伸缩封套围绕,所述远端装配有远端连接器,并且所述近端可移动通过联接到所述封套上的近端连接器,所述远端连接器适于在使用时允许所述吸入管的所述远端与一抽吸装置相连,所述近端连接器可释放地与所述导管支架相连,所述近端连接器包括刺穿部件,该刺穿部件在所述近端连接器和所述导管支架被连接时能够刺穿所述密封件,所述吸入管能够穿过所述刺穿部件并且不接触所述密封件,
通过所述导管支架的所述通路允许在所述吸入管不接触所述导管支架的内壁的情况下使所述吸入管通过并进入所述气管造口术或气管内接头中。
2.如权利要求1所述的病人通气和抽吸系统,其特征在于,所述近端连接器被配置成使得当连接到所述导管支架上时形成一腔室,所述腔室围绕所述密封件并且在其中产生一死空间。
3.如权利要求2所述的病人通气和抽吸系统,其特征在于,所述近端连接器和所述导管支架被配置成使得当连接时,所述近端连接器上的邻近表面与所述导管支架邻接,以形成密封,并且防止通过所述密封件泄漏到所述腔室内的气体排出到大气中。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的病人通气和抽吸系统,其特征在于,所述导管支架和所述近端连接器之间的连接为卡口接头。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的病人通气和抽吸系统,其特征在于,所述密封件由弹性材料制成,并且在正常工作压力下提供大体上气密密封。
6.如权利要求5所述的病人通气和抽吸系统,其特征在于,所述密封件包括穿孔,所述穿孔使得所述刺穿部件可以刺穿所述密封件,其中一旦所述近端连接器与所述导管支架分离,所述弹性材料再次密封所述通路。
7.如权利要求2所述的病人通气和抽吸系统,其特征在于,所述腔室和所述死空间被如此成形,以使得可能通过被刺穿后的所述密封件泄漏的所述气体输送装置中的气体被包围和容纳在所述死空间内。
8.如权利要求1所述的病人通气和抽吸系统,其特征在于,所述近端连接器包括垫圈,以在所述吸入管从所述导管支架上移除时擦抹所述吸入管。
9.一种用于连接到具有密封通路的导管支架上的系统,其由吸入管和连接器组成,所述吸入管和连接器包括:
吸入管,其具有远端和近端,
围绕所述吸入管的可伸缩封套,
所述连接器包括远端连接器和近端连接器,所述远端连接器装配到所述远端上并适于在使用时允许所述吸入管的远端与一抽吸装置相连,所述近端连接器联接到所述封套上,所述吸入管的所述近端可移动通过所述近端连接器,所述近端连接器适于可释放地与所述导管支架相连,并且还被配置成使得当连接到所述导管支架上时形成一腔室,所述腔室围绕一密封件并且在其中产生一死空间,
刺穿部件,其能够刺穿所述密封件,并且所述吸入管能够穿过所述刺穿部件并不接触所述密封件。
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