CN1963394B - A dynamic intelligent navigation method - Google Patents
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- CN1963394B CN1963394B CN2006101570169A CN200610157016A CN1963394B CN 1963394 B CN1963394 B CN 1963394B CN 2006101570169 A CN2006101570169 A CN 2006101570169A CN 200610157016 A CN200610157016 A CN 200610157016A CN 1963394 B CN1963394 B CN 1963394B
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Abstract
This invention relates to dynamic intelligent guidance method, which comprises the following steps: terminal sending guidance requirement to monitor center and sending car aim information to monitor center; monitor center requires car current position as start place and to combine real time traffic database and aim place information; monitor center according to start place and aim place and shield place information plane sends the information to terminal to re-establish monitor center plan path; at same time monitor center monitors real time traffic information database and when there are changes then repeating above steps for updating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the GPS navigation system, more particularly, relate to a kind of method that realizes dynamic intelligent navigation in the GPS Position Fixing Navigation System, it combines GPS technology and GIS Application of GIS.
Background technology
GPS (Global Positioning System, be called for short GPS) be that the U.S. developed since the seventies in 20th century, built up in 1994 comprehensively, have the new generation satellite navigation and the positioning system of the navigation of comprehensive real-time three-dimensional and station-keeping ability in sea, land and sky.Gps system not only can be used for measuring, navigation, also can be used for testing the speed, when surveying.Accurately locate by the satellite-signal that GPS receives, can learn the information such as travel route, position, speed, height above sea level of vehicle.
Geographic Information System (Geographical Informat ion System is called for short GIS) occurred since the end of the fifties and the beginning of the sixties, was human in the production practices activity, for describing and handling the software systems that relevant geography information produces gradually.It is means with the computing machine, and the spatial data with geographic entity is handled, and serves as theme with a spatial information, and other various spatial positional informations relevant with it are combined, and has as functions such as collection, management, analysis and expression datas.Secondly, the data of GIS processing all have direct or indirect relation with geography information.Geography information is character, the feature of relevant geographical entity, sign and all useful knowledge of motion state, and geodata then is that the symbolism that concerns between various geographic entitys and phenomenon is represented.
In recent years, the GPS technology is also said extensively in conjunction with the application of generalized information system, automatic navigator except being applied in traditional vehicle-mounted antitheft counter raid device.Along with the maturation gradually of developing of automobile industry and automotive electronics market, the vehicle mounted guidance product begins to take shape.American-European and Japanese, this type of automatic navigator uses commonplace, and present domestic GPS auto navigation product also has the market trend of sharp increase.
Increasing along with city vehicle, traffic congestion has become severe problem, and the social concerns degree is very high, and influence is big.Congested traffic gently then causes the huge waste on public's time and the resource, and is heavy then cause urban transportation paralysis, can't normal operation.The major influence factors that causes this type of situation is meteorologic factor, environmental factor and human factor.Wherein atrocious weather can reduce the load-bearing capacity of urban transportation greatly, environmental factor has comprised condition of road surface, accident and traffic state etc., do not wait on the degree at different aspect and to affect traffic circulation, human factor is that traffic is produced direct and the most tangible continuous action power source to a certain extent, the overwhelming majority is the unconscious result who causes, and perhaps has no way of understanding real-time transport information.
Though existing GPS vehicle mounted guidance product can provide basic navigation information for the vehicle driver, but this navigation information that it provided does not comprise real-time traffic information, the driver needs to obtain Real-time Traffic Information from out of Memory source (as traffic information broadcasting), adjusts its travel route in conjunction with this information again.But this method is disperseed driver's notice easily, causes potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the defective of the mechanism of real-time road traffic information is not provided at existing GPS vehicle mounted guidance product, a kind of method that realizes dynamic intelligent navigation in the GPS navigation system is provided, it can provide the optimal path that arrives the destination according to real-time traffic to car-mounted terminal.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: provide a kind of in the GPS Position Fixing Navigation System method of dynamic intelligent navigation, described GPS Position Fixing Navigation System comprises gps satellite, Surveillance center and car-mounted terminal, described car-mounted terminal can receive agreement by gps satellite and receive gps satellite signal, and can communicate by letter with Surveillance center; It is characterized in that described air navigation aid may further comprise the steps:
S1, car-mounted terminal send navigation requests to Surveillance center, and the vehicle destination information is sent to Surveillance center;
S2, Surveillance center are to car-mounted terminal enquiring vehicle current location, and car-mounted terminal is uploaded the locating information of current location to Surveillance center;
It is the departure place that S3, Surveillance center are provided with the vehicle current location, and searches avoidance ground in conjunction with Real-time Traffic Information database, departure place and destination information;
S4, Surveillance center utilize navigation software path planning L according to departure place, destination and avoidance ground information;
S5, Surveillance center are issued to car-mounted terminal with destination, avoidance ground information, and car-mounted terminal starts the path L that the navigation software identical with Surveillance center reappears Surveillance center's planning;
Simultaneously:
S6, Surveillance center constantly monitor the Real-time Traffic Information database, and when Real-time Traffic Information database prompting traffic appearance variation, then repeating step S2 to S5 is to upgrade path planning according to up-to-date transport information.
In the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention, described when Real-time Traffic Information database prompting traffic appearance variation, then repeating step S2 to S5 comprises according to up-to-date transport information path planning is upgraded:
As the new bad highway section Xm of traffic of Real-time Traffic Information database prompting appearance, then Surveillance center judges that whether bad highway section Xm is among the last path L that is planned, then returns step S2 enquiring vehicle current location in this way; And
In step S3:
S3a, judging whether terminal has passed through the bad highway section Xm of described traffic, is then to return step S6; Otherwise
S3b, Xm is made as avoid ground, current location is made as new departure place;
And in step S4:
In original avoidance ground, increase bad highway section Xm, and according to destination, avoidance ground, new departure place path planning L ' again;
S5, issue the destination, avoid ground, new departure place is to terminal, terminal reproduction path L '.
In the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention, described when Real-time Traffic Information database prompting traffic appearance variation, then repeating step S2 to S5 comprises according to up-to-date transport information path planning is upgraded:
The bad highway section Ym of traffic before to have occurred unimpeded when Real-time Traffic Information database prompting, then returns step S2 enquiring vehicle current location; And
In step S4, in original avoidance ground, deduct bad highway section Xm, and according to destination, avoidance ground, new departure place path planning L again ";
S5, issue the destination, avoid ground, new departure place is to terminal, terminal reproduction path L ".
In the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention, when the user arrives the destination, terminal will send instruction automatically to Surveillance center, finish the reciprocal process of this intelligent navigation;
Do not receive the instruction that end is mutual at the appointed time when Surveillance center, will stop reciprocal process automatically yet with terminal;
When the current location of uploading when terminal was identical with the destination, Surveillance center finished the reciprocal process of this intelligent navigation automatically.
In the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention, described terminal is reappeared path L, L ', the L of Surveillance center's planning " comprise that terminal shows described path L, L ', L on display screen " and/or output Voice Navigation signal.
In the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention, described terminal adopts GSM/GPRS or cdma communication agreement to communicate by letter with Surveillance center.
In the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention, in step S1, terminal also with customer requirements must be through ground, upload Surveillance center to the avoidance of customer requirements; In step S4, when Surveillance center carries out path planning, in conjunction with customer requirements must be through ground and avoid ground; And in step S5 with the destination, must be through ground and avoid ground information and be issued to terminal.
Implement the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention, have following beneficial effect: navigational system can be according to real-time traffic situation output indication information, and the driver can adjust travel route in real time according to the graphic presentation and/or the voice signal of car-mounted terminal output, safe and convenient, both can reduce the distance spended time, help to adjust the magnitude of traffic flow again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of GPS Position Fixing Navigation System, and the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention can be implemented therein;
Fig. 2 is that synoptic diagram is formed in the inside of car-mounted terminal of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of dynamic intelligent navigation method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram according to the dynamic intelligent navigation method of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram according to the dynamic intelligent navigation method of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram according to the dynamic intelligent navigation method of third embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of the dynamic intelligent navigation method of the another kind of embodiment according to the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the GPS Position Fixing Navigation System 100 that can implement therein of the method for dynamic intelligent navigation of the present invention.As shown in the figure, this GPS Position Fixing Navigation System 100 comprises gps satellite 10, Surveillance center 20 and car-mounted terminal 30, and car-mounted terminal can receive agreement by gps satellite and receive gps satellite 10 signals, and can communicate by letter with Surveillance center 20.Surveillance center's 20 real-time monitoring and controlling traffic road conditions are obtained Real-time Traffic Information 25.Car-mounted terminal 30 provides navigation information by input-output device 35 to vehicle driver 40.
The present invention proposes a kind of new implementation of intelligent guidance system, and it organically is integrated into a car-mounted terminal 30 with car-mounted terminal and automatic navigator, and under the cooperation of Surveillance center 20, finishes dynamic, intelligent navigation.Can be widely used in information communication service, the fields such as system and intelligent transportation information service of navigating certainly.
Utilize existing mobile communication function on the car-mounted terminal, the user only need tell Surveillance center destination information, and car-mounted terminal just can unimpededly arrive the destination for the user plans a path that gets around " blocking up " highway section under the cooperation of Surveillance center.
In addition, dynamic intelligent navigation implementation of the present invention also can satisfy user's specific (special) requirements in design, as must or avoiding certain highway section (avoiding ground) through certain highway section (must through ground) in the customer requirements driving procedure, Surveillance center must be through ground as long as be provided with before path planning, avoid ground information and be handed down to terminal.When customer requirements road conditions must appear through ground when bad, Surveillance center also can be mutual with the terminal user, the user can select whether still will pass through this highway section.
Car-mounted terminal hardware is formed can be with reference to the accompanying drawings 2.It adopts based on dual-CPU architecture, and based on 32 arm processors, 16 single-chip microcomputers are auxilliary, carry out that high speed signal is handled and with Surveillance center between communicate by letter.Simultaneously, adopt multi-disc Synchronous DRAM to constitute 128M (perhaps higher) internal memory, guarantee the system high-speed operation.GPS resume module ceramic antenna receives the GPS locating information, and it is transferred to ARM in conjunction with the map software data processing.The decoding of MP4 hardware, voice IC provide hardware foundation for Voice Navigation.The GSM/GPRS module is the bridge that connects with Surveillance center, and by distinctive communication protocol, car-mounted terminal can obtain real-time traffic information quickly and easily from Surveillance center and carry out intelligent navigation.
The agreement that car-mounted terminal uses comprises that mainly these agreements are linked up for system information foundation is provided as host-host protocols such as GSM/GPRS communication protocol, gps satellite reception agreement, standard usb interfaces.
Surveillance center 20 has the fast data calculate platform, traffic information is imported to the map of Surveillance center.In the solution of the present invention, after the user tells its destination of Surveillance center, the inquiring user geographic location is understood by Surveillance center, and this position is made as the departure place, and the terminal guidance system is handed down to information such as destination, avoidance ground by wireless network in last Surveillance center.The terminal guidance system cooks up a path that can get around " blocking up " highway section after receiving information such as destination, avoidance ground automatically in the terminal guidance system, and provides Voice Navigation and/or graphic presentation by output device for the driver.
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the several embodiment among Fig. 3 to Fig. 7.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of dynamic intelligent navigation method of the present invention.As shown in the figure, at step S1, car-mounted terminal sends navigation requests to Surveillance center, and the vehicle destination information is sent to Surveillance center.For example, as previously mentioned, can utilize that existing mobile communication function sends to Surveillance center with the vehicle destination information on the car-mounted terminal.At step S2, the real-time enquiring vehicle current location of Surveillance center, terminal is uploaded current location.For example, the terminal utilization calculates the longitude and latitude data of current location by the gps signal that the GPS positioning system receives, and is uploaded to Surveillance center.At step S3, avoidance ground as the departure place, is searched according to Real-time Traffic Information database and received destination information with the vehicle current location by Surveillance center.Next, at step S4, Surveillance center utilizes navigation software, avoids optimal path of ground information planning according to reaching of departure place, purpose.After step S4, two branches are arranged, in first C1 of branch, at step S5, Surveillance center is issued to car-mounted terminal with destination, avoidance ground information, the terminal utilization navigation software identical with Surveillance center reappears the path that Surveillance center planned, arrives the destination with guided vehicle by optimal path.For example, car-mounted terminal can show this optimal path and/or output Voice Navigation signal on display screen.
In actual conditions, traffic is constantly changing.This just needs Surveillance center constantly to monitor real-time traffic.For example, when the vehicle no show destination of request service and this moment road conditions new variation is arranged, need Surveillance center once more the enquiring vehicle position determining whether these road conditions influential to vehicle, if influential then need to be its path planning and issue data again to car-mounted terminal institute's path planning again.Therefore, after the step S4, at second C2 of branch, when car-mounted terminal issued relevant information, the data that Surveillance center carries out step S6a monitoring Real-time Traffic Information database and provides had no change.And confirm that in determining step S6b the Real-time Traffic Information database has or not the prompting traffic to occur changing.As no change, then continue monitoring.As change, repeating step S2 to S5 then is to upgrade path planning according to up-to-date transport information.
In said process, when the current location of uploading when terminal was identical with the destination, Surveillance center can finish the reciprocal process of this navigation.When perhaps the user arrives the destination, terminal will send instruction automatically to Surveillance center, finish the reciprocal process of this intelligent navigation; Perhaps, do not finish mutual request in official hour, will stop reciprocal process automatically yet with terminal if Surveillance center receives.
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram according to the dynamic intelligent navigation method of first embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 4, step S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6a, S6b are same as shown in Figure 3.Different is in Fig. 4, and two A of branch and B are arranged after the step S2, among the step S6b, after changing appears in traffic information database prompting traffic, has increased by two determining step S6c and S6d again in addition.
Usually the situation of traffic appearance variation has two kinds, and the firstth, the bad highway section Xm of new traffic appears, and the secondth, the road conditions of previous bad highway section Ym become unobstructed.
At step S6c, Surveillance center judges whether to occur the bad highway section Xm of new traffic, if not, then be that the road conditions of previous bad highway section Ym become unobstructed, need carry out step S6e, this situation will 5 be discussed in the back in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The situation that the new bad highway section Xm of traffic occurs is discussed now, and at this moment, method of the present invention enters step S6d, judges that further bad highway section Xm is whether in the path L that Surveillance center is planned the last time.If bad highway section Xm then returns step S6a not in the L of path, continue the data in the monitoring and controlling traffic information database.If bad highway section Xm then returns step S2 in the L of path, the enquiring vehicle current location.
As previously mentioned, two A of branch and B are arranged after the step S2, in fact, two step S3a among the B of branch and S3b are the part of work of being done among the step S3 among the A of branch, just describe for convenient, just in the drawings it are separated.Step S3a is discussed back, and the current location that Surveillance center uploads according to terminal judges whether vehicle has passed through the bad highway section Xm of traffic.If pass through, then return step S6a; If do not pass through as yet, then carry out step S3b, should bad highway section Xm be made as and avoid ground, current location is made as the departure place.Then, in step S4, with shown in Figure 3 identical, Surveillance center utilizes navigation software, according to departure place, purpose and avoid optimal path L ' of ground information planning.Owing to the departure place, avoid ground information and all upgrade, thereby path L ' is the path after the information updating of traffic information database factually the time with path L YITIAOGEN inequality.Before vehicle arrived the destination, these steps constantly repeated, thereby dynamic intelligent navigation method of the present invention is achieved.
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram according to the dynamic intelligent navigation method of second embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 5, step S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6a, S6b are same as shown in Figure 3.Different is in Fig. 5, among the step S6b, after changing appears in traffic information database prompting traffic, increases determining step S6e, and Surveillance center judges whether the previous bad highway section Ym of traffic that occurs is unimpeded.
As previously mentioned, the situation of traffic appearance variation has two kinds usually, and the firstth, the bad highway section Xm of new traffic appears, and the secondth, the road conditions of previous bad highway section Ym become unobstructed.As selection, Surveillance center can judge earlier that whether the variation of appearance is the new bad highway section Xm of traffic (as shown in Figure 4) to occur, and whether the variation that also can judge appearance earlier is that the road conditions of previous bad highway section Ym become unobstructed (as shown in Figure 5).
Get back to Fig. 5, if the previous bad highway section of the traffic Ym no change that occurs then carries out step S6d (as shown in Figure 4).Bad highway section Ym has become unobstructed as the traffic of previous appearance, then returns step S2.Later step was as identical in conjunction with what Fig. 3 discussed.What need prompting is the path L that is this time planned " may be identical with the path L that the last time is planned, also may be different.When the situation of highway section Ym many possible paths are not from origin to destination all had under the situation of influence, the path of being planned does not change.When highway section Ym is that the path of being planned changes, and promptly changes over the optimal path via highway section Ym in the time of can selecting in from origin to destination of optimal path in the path via ground.
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram according to the dynamic intelligent navigation method of third embodiment of the invention.As previously mentioned, the present invention also can be according to user's specific (special) requirements, as must or avoiding certain highway section (avoiding ground) through certain highway section (must through ground) in the customer requirements driving procedure, carries out dynamic intelligent navigation.
Step in the process flow diagram shown in Figure 6 is identical with Fig. 3 basically.Different is, in step S1, terminal also with customer requirements must be through ground, upload Surveillance center to the avoidance of customer requirements; In step S4, when Surveillance center carries out path planning, in conjunction with must planning of customer requirements through ground and with avoiding; And in step S5 with the destination, must be through ground and avoid ground information and be issued to terminal.
As selection, when customer requirements road conditions must appear through ground when bad, Surveillance center also can send this information to terminal, and is mutual with the terminal user, the user can select whether still will pass through this highway section.Select to abandon through this highway section as the user, then Surveillance center is made as it and avoids ground, and should avoid information be handed down to terminal.Select still will pass through this highway section as the user, then respect customer selecting, do not change the initial planning path.
Fig. 7 is that detailed process is described below according to the process flow diagram of the dynamic intelligent navigation method of another embodiment of the present invention:
1, the terminal user uses the mobile phone communication function of car-mounted terminal to inform the destination that Surveillance center goes in advance;
2, Surveillance center obtains the longitude and latitude locating information that this user uses car-mounted terminal GPS function by wireless network, with it as the departure place;
3, Surveillance center is provided with departure place, destination, cooks up a path of satisfying customer requirements;
4, in conjunction with real-time traffic information, as must (place or many places) traffic congestion occurring through ground, Surveillance center lists it in and avoids ground, path planning again.Circulate with this, until cooking up the path that road conditions are good and satisfy customer requirements;
5, will avoid information such as ground, destination and be handed down to car-mounted terminal.Car-mounted terminal starts the navigation software identical with Surveillance center, reappears the path L of Surveillance center's planning;
6, suppose that the user travels to the somewhere, traffic congestion appears in the place ahead Xm of path planning, Surveillance center will be again the new planning path of laying equal stress on, enquiring vehicle location issue and avoid ground information and give car-mounted terminal, allow the user can smooth and easy arrival destination.
7, when the user arrives the destination, terminal will send instruction automatically to Surveillance center, finish the reciprocal process of this intelligent navigation; Do not finish mutual request if Surveillance center receives in official hour, will stop reciprocal process automatically yet with terminal.
In a word, the present invention is with the basis that is applied as of GPS location and navigation, GIS, GSM/GPRS communication network, obtain real-time traffic information by Surveillance center, handle in conjunction with map software and navigation software, and issue avoidance ground, destination information to car-mounted terminal intelligent planning path, so that the user can avoid the traffic congestion location, smooth and easy arrival destination.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a dynamic intelligent navigation in the GPS Position Fixing Navigation System, described GPS Position Fixing Navigation System comprises gps satellite, Surveillance center and car-mounted terminal, described car-mounted terminal can receive agreement by gps satellite and receive gps satellite signal, and can communicate by letter with Surveillance center; It is characterized in that described air navigation aid may further comprise the steps:
S1, car-mounted terminal send navigation requests to Surveillance center, and the vehicle destination information is sent to Surveillance center;
S2, Surveillance center are to car-mounted terminal enquiring vehicle current location, and car-mounted terminal is uploaded the locating information of current location to Surveillance center;
It is the departure place that S3, Surveillance center are provided with the vehicle current location, and searches avoidance ground in conjunction with Real-time Traffic Information database, departure place and destination information;
S4, Surveillance center utilize navigation software path planning L according to departure place, destination and avoidance ground information;
S5, Surveillance center are issued to car-mounted terminal with destination, avoidance ground information, and car-mounted terminal starts the path L that the navigation software identical with Surveillance center reappears Surveillance center's planning;
Simultaneously:
S6, Surveillance center constantly monitor the Real-time Traffic Information database, when changing appears in Real-time Traffic Information database prompting traffic, the traffic that described appearance changes comprises following any or its combination: it is unimpeded the bad highway section Xm of new traffic, previous bad highway section Ym to occur;
If the new bad highway section Xm of traffic occurs, then Xm is made as and avoids ground, and repeating step S2 to S5 is with path planning again;
If it is unimpeded before the bad highway section Ym of traffic to have occurred, then in avoiding ground, deduct Ym, and repeating step S2 to S5 is with path planning again.
2. the method for dynamic intelligent navigation according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
As the new bad highway section Xm of traffic of Real-time Traffic Information database prompting appearance, then Surveillance center judges that whether bad highway section Xm is among the last path L that is planned, then returns step S2 enquiring vehicle current location in this way; And
In step S3:
S3a, judging whether terminal has passed through the bad highway section Xm of described traffic, is then to return step S6; Otherwise
S3b, Xm is made as avoid ground, current location is made as new departure place;
And in step S4:
In original avoidance ground, increase bad highway section Xm, and according to destination, avoidance ground, new departure place path planning L ' again;
S5, issue the destination, avoid ground, new departure place is to terminal, terminal reproduction path L '.
3. the method for dynamic intelligent navigation according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The bad highway section Ym of traffic before to have occurred unimpeded when Real-time Traffic Information database prompting, then returns step S2 enquiring vehicle current location; And
In step S4, in original avoidance ground, deduct bad highway section Xm, and according to destination, avoidance ground, new departure place path planning L again ";
S5, issue the destination, avoid ground, new departure place is to terminal, terminal reproduction path L ".
4. according to the method for each described dynamic intelligent navigation in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described step also comprises:
When the user arrives the destination, terminal will send instruction automatically to Surveillance center, finish the reciprocal process of this intelligent navigation;
Do not receive the instruction that end is mutual at the appointed time when Surveillance center, will stop reciprocal process automatically yet with terminal;
When the current location of uploading when terminal was identical with the destination, Surveillance center finished the reciprocal process of this intelligent navigation automatically.
5. according to the method for each described dynamic intelligent navigation in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, wherein,
Described terminal is reappeared path L, L ', the L of Surveillance center's planning " comprise that terminal shows described path L, L ', L on display screen " and/or output Voice Navigation signal.
6. according to the method for each described dynamic intelligent navigation in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that described terminal adopts GSM/GPRS or cdma communication agreement to communicate by letter with Surveillance center.
7. the method for dynamic intelligent navigation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein, in step S1, terminal also with customer requirements must be through ground, upload Surveillance center to the avoidance of customer requirements; In step S4, when Surveillance center carries out path planning, in conjunction with customer requirements must be through ground and avoid ground; And in step S5 with the destination, must be through ground and avoid ground information and be issued to terminal.
8. the method for dynamic intelligent navigation according to claim 7 is characterized in that, wherein, when customer requirements road conditions must appear through ground when bad, Surveillance center send information to terminal, selects whether still will pass through this highway section by the user.
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