CN1963139B - 自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机 - Google Patents

自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机 Download PDF

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CN1963139B
CN1963139B CN200510015995XA CN200510015995A CN1963139B CN 1963139 B CN1963139 B CN 1963139B CN 200510015995X A CN200510015995X A CN 200510015995XA CN 200510015995 A CN200510015995 A CN 200510015995A CN 1963139 B CN1963139 B CN 1963139B
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CN1963139A (zh
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王翎羽
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NEPTUNE OFFSHORE ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.
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HAIWANGXING OCEAN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Co LTD TIANJIN CITY
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Abstract

一种自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机，由喷射钻头(1)、低压关断阀(2)、过流旋转头(3)、液压马达(4)、吸罩(5)(6)、气举泵(7)、滑撬(8)，以及排浆软路(12)、液压管(13)、高压气管(16)组成。用长度短而不变的过流旋转头(3)取代随钻深而延长的传统钻杆串；靠吸罩锥面段(6)在排浆过程中形成的内外压力差实现钻机的自贯入。在钻机的气举泵上接有排浆软管(12)通向水面工作船。钻孔作业时由水面工作船通过液压管(13)及高压气管(16)操控钻机。钻孔垂直度及孔口稳固性分别由滑橇(8)及护壁结构(15)保证。本发明的优越性在于其钻机的尺寸小、重量轻，便于海上作业，避免传统钻机对于钻井船之类大型船舶的依赖性，显著降低施工费用。

Description

自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机
所属技术领域
本发明属于水下开孔机具的创新。
背景技术
传统的水下开孔机具为水下钻机，它自下而上由钻头、钻杆、转盘及电动马达组成。电动马达与转盘置于水面以上的钻台上；与转盘相连的钻杆与钻头伸入水下钻孔内。实施水下钻孔时，开启电动马达，带动转盘旋转，将扭矩施于钻杆传至钻头。钻杆为空心钢管，内通泥浆至钻头出口从钻杆外沿孔壁返回水面以上形成循环系统。空心钻杆则随钻孔加深而分节加长形成钻杆串，直至设计孔深为止。因此为了悬吊长达数十米乃至更长的钢钻杆串及实施钻杆接长，需要在水上设置庞大的钻机塔架；而为了承载庞大的钻机塔架，又需要有庞大的钻井船或钻井平台。因此以钢质长钻杆为特征的传统水下开孔机具，实质上是由庞大的钻机塔架与钻井船支持的成套设备。而钻井船的动员费和日租费是很高的，这对所钻井口数量较少的情况是很不经济的。
发明内容
为了克服传统的水下开孔机具依赖于钻井船而导致费用过高的问题，本发明提出一种自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机。这种水下开孔绞吸钻机在保留传统的水下开孔机具功能的同时，改革了随钻深而加长的钻杆串，从而避免了对钻井船之类大型施工船的需要。
本发明解决其技术问题的方案是：自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机，由喷射钻头、低压关断阀、过流旋转头、液压马达、吸罩、气举泵、滑撬，以及排浆管路、液压管路、高压气管路组成。其特征在于：用长度短而不变的过流旋转头取代随钻深而延长的传统钻杆串；在过流旋转头上端安装液压马达，在其下端连接喷射钻头，从而形成钻具主体；在对它加装吸罩后再于顶部安装气举泵与排浆软管，形成具有钻孔与排浆功能的水下开孔绞吸钻机；钻机的自贯入是靠其吸罩锥面段在排浆过程中形成的内外压力差实现的；为了保持钻机吸罩自贯入的垂直度，在钻机顶部气举泵上安装一个与吸罩同轴心的环形滑橇；为了操纵液压马达和气举泵，沿排浆软管内设液压动力软管、液压回流软管，沿排浆软管外设高压气软管，各管路都引上水面工作船，并随钻机的钻深增加而延长；为了防止开孔(或井口)顶部的软土坍塌，在孔口安装双筒形护壁结构。(如图3所示)
本发明的钻孔原理：将自贯入绞吸钻机吊放到孔口护壁结构的中心孔中，由水面工作船启动液压马达，同时启动空压机向气举泵供气。液压马达驱动钻头旋转绞土，形成的水-土二相浆体进入气举泵，并与通到气举泵的高压空气混合形成的水-土-气三相浆体，通过排浆管路排出。气举泵排浆过程中产生吸罩内低压，而吸罩外为较高的静水压，当内、外压差高于设定值时，位于过流旋转头下面的低压关断阀自动打开，高压水经过过流旋转头流入钻头，并从钻头喷嘴射出，取得水力破土效果。内、外压差在设定值以下时足可以将使吸罩柱面段贯入土中(如同靠负压沉放的吸力锚)实现了自贯入钻进；同时吸罩柱面段筒壁贯入土中的侧壁阻力支承钻头的转动扭矩。由本发明的组成、构造及其钻孔原理来看，自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机实为绞吸泵、气举泵及吸力锚的有机结合体；是以恒定长度的过流旋转头(连带空心转轴)取代随钻深而接长的传统水下开孔钻具的钻杆串而创新的一种水下开孔钻具。因此它具有尺寸小、重量轻、便于海上开孔作业的特点。
本发明的有益效果在于避免了大型施工船舶的使用，降低施工费用，对所钻井口数量较少的情况更有显著的经济效益。
以下结合附图及实施例作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明的构造图
图2是本发明的滑橇部分的截面俯视图
图3是本发明的孔口护壁结构图
图4是本发明的钻孔状态下的全图
其中1.喷射钻头，2.低压关断阀，3.过流旋转头，4.液压马达，5.吸罩柱面段，6.吸罩锥面段，7.气举泵，8.滑橇，9.进水口，10.高压气管接口，11.排浆立管，12.排浆软管，13.液压管，14.排浆横管，15.护壁结构，16.高压气管，17.内筒，18.外筒，19.顶板，20.肋板，21.吊耳，22.土壤，23.泥面，24.海水，25.海面。
具体实施方式
一种自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机，自下而上由以下各部分构造而成(见图1)
喷射钻头(1)包括中心钻与钻头架：中心钻为中空管状，下端有刀板及钻牙；钻头架及钢管焊接的三角形结构，提供足够刚度，也是高压水通路，钻头架上分布有喷水嘴，钻头钻进时喷射高压水流。在喷射钻头(1)的上端装有低压关断阀(2)，它上部为过流旋转头(3)，过流旋转头的转轴上端与液压马达(4)转子以键连接，下端与喷射钻头(1)用法兰连接。过流旋转头(3)的转轴为中空构造，中间及上端位置开侧孔，其作用是将液压马达(4)的旋转扭矩传给钻头，以及让过流旋转头(3)外的水通过进水口(9)进入转轴中心通道，最终流到喷射钻头(1)的喷嘴流出；过流旋转头(3)与液压马达(4)以法兰连接并固定在一起。泵壳锥面段(6)的下瑞吸罩柱面段(5)对焊，上端则与过流旋转头(3)螺栓连接，泵壳锥面段均匀布置三条排浆短管，与其上部的排浆立管(11)连接。气举泵(7)的顶部有法兰与排浆软管(12)连接，侧壁均匀布置三条排浆横管(14)，三条排浆横管顶端焊接固定滑橇(8)，下部与对应的三条排浆立管(11)连接。为操作液压马达(4)的液压动力软管(3根)(13)沿气举泵内部和排浆软管内部(26)设置，为向气举泵(7)供气的高压气管(16)与气举泵上的高压气进口管螺纹连接并沿排浆软管外壁敷设，以上管路一齐引向水面工作船。
钻孔作业前，先将护壁结构(15)安装于孔口部位(见图4)，再将自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机吊装于护壁装置的中心孔中；钻孔开始由水面船经液压管(13)启动液压马达(4)，同时由高压气管(16)向气举泵(7)供气启动气举泵；液压马达(4)带动过流旋转头(3)及喷射钻头(1)实施绞土，形成水-土二相泥浆，与气举泵(7)充入的高压气混合形成水-土-气三相混合物向上经排浆软管(12)排出；此时吸罩锥面段(6)内的压力低于其外部的静水压力(随深度而增大)，当吸罩锥面段(6)内外压差大于设定值时，位于过流旋转头(3)下端的低压关断阀(2)自动打开，高压水经过流旋转头(3)注入喷射钻头(1)从喷嘴喷出，取得水力破土效果。此时吸罩锥面段(6)内外压差使吸罩柱面段(5)贯入土中实现自贯入钻进；同时吸罩柱面段(5)贯入土中的侧壁阻力支承钻头的转动扭矩。钻孔的垂直度则由滑橇(22)提供保证。

Claims (4)

1.一种自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机，由喷射钻头、低压关断阀、过流旋转头、液压马达、吸罩、气举泵、滑撬，以及排浆管路、液压管、高压气管组成；其特征是：用长度短而不变的过流旋转头取代随钻深而延长的传统钻杆串；在过流旋转头上端安装液压马达，在其下端连接喷射钻头，从而形成钻具主体；在对它加装吸罩后再于顶部安装气举泵与排浆软管，形成具有钻孔与排浆功能的水下开孔绞吸钻机；低压关断阀位于过流旋转头下面，当吸罩内、外压力差高于设定值时，低压关断阀自动打开，高压水经过过流旋转头流入钻头，从钻头喷嘴射出，达到水力破土效果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机，其特征是：所说的气举泵是使吸罩内产生小于其外静水压的低压，即产生吸罩锥面段内、外压力差，从而使吸罩内的水-土-气三相混合物向上排放的组件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机，其特征是：所说的过流旋转头是与液压马达相连，向喷射钻头传递旋转扭矩和注入高压水流实现钻进的组件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机，其特征是：所说的吸罩在锥面段内外压差下使吸罩柱面段贯入土中实现了自贯入钻进；同时吸罩柱面段筒壁贯入土中的侧壁阻力支承钻头的转动扭矩。
CN200510015995XA 2005-11-09 2005-11-09 自贯入水下开孔绞吸钻机 Expired - Fee Related CN1963139B (zh)

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CN108487248A (zh) * 2018-05-30 2018-09-04 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 一种水下桩内深井取土装置及其施工方法
CN112761634B (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-11-19 中国矿业大学 一种深部煤层的煤炭自动化开采装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1508002A (en) * 1976-08-17 1978-04-19 Cementation Res Ltd Insertion of members underwater
DE2824441A1 (de) * 1977-06-06 1978-12-14 Tokyo Keiki Kk Erdbohrer
US5439323A (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-08-08 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Rod and shell composite riser
CN2289048Y (zh) * 1997-05-13 1998-08-26 谭振威 旋转高压喷射注浆单管双喷钻头

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1508002A (en) * 1976-08-17 1978-04-19 Cementation Res Ltd Insertion of members underwater
DE2824441A1 (de) * 1977-06-06 1978-12-14 Tokyo Keiki Kk Erdbohrer
US5439323A (en) * 1993-07-09 1995-08-08 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Rod and shell composite riser
CN2289048Y (zh) * 1997-05-13 1998-08-26 谭振威 旋转高压喷射注浆单管双喷钻头

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PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Date of cancellation: 20170313

Granted publication date: 20120411

Pledgee: The Bank of Hebei Limited by Share Ltd Tianjin wangdingdi branch

Pledgor: Wudi Zhong Yi hose manufacturing Co., Ltd.|Tianjin City, the sea of oil equipment Co.Ltd.|Tianjin Neptune offshore engineering technology Limited by Share Ltd

Registration number: 2015120000076

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20120411

Termination date: 20171109

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee