CN1961203A - Rolling bearing unit with load measuring unit - Google Patents

Rolling bearing unit with load measuring unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1961203A
CN1961203A CN 200580016975 CN200580016975A CN1961203A CN 1961203 A CN1961203 A CN 1961203A CN 200580016975 CN200580016975 CN 200580016975 CN 200580016975 A CN200580016975 A CN 200580016975A CN 1961203 A CN1961203 A CN 1961203A
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China
Prior art keywords
detected
scrambler
along
load
sensor
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CN 200580016975
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
柴崎健一
小野浩一郎
汤川谨次
青木护
小野润司
千布刚敏
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NSK Ltd
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NSK Ltd
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Abstract

An encoder 12 a characteristic of which is changed alternately at an equal interval in a circumferential direction is supported/fixed onto a hub 4 concentrically with the hub 4. A sensing portion of a sensor 13 supported on the outer ring 3 is positioned in close vicinity to a sensed surface of the encoder 12 to face thereto. Width dimensions of first and second sensed portions provided onto the sensed surface are changed continuously in a direction along which a to-be-sensed load is applied. Since a pattern according to which an output signal of the sensor 13 is changed pursuant to a change of the load, the load is derived by observing this pattern. The output signal is also utilized to sense a rotation speed of the hub 4 in ABS or TCS control.

Description

Roller bearing unit with load measuring unit
Technical field
Roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of the present invention is applied to wheel shaft swivel bearing with vehicle (automobile) on suspension, and for example guarantees the stable operation of vehicle simultaneously by the numerical value of sensing lead.In addition, this roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to the present invention is installed in the roller bearing unit of main shaft of the various lathes of supporting, and the load that also is used for being applied to by measurement this main shaft comes the suitably speed of feed of control tool.
Background technology
For example, roller bearing unit is used for wheel swivel bearing with vehicle in suspension.In addition, use running status systems stabilisation widely, guarantee the operation stability of vehicle such as the vehicle of anti-lock braking system (ABS), pull-in control system (TCS) etc.According to running status systems stabilisation, in braking and acceleration operation, can stablize the running status of vehicle such as ABS, TCS etc.Yet,, just must come control brake device and engine by adopting the more substantial information that can influence vehicle operating stability in order also to guarantee to stablize under the harsh conditions more.
In other words, in correlation technique, under situation such as the running status systems stabilisation of ABS, TCS etc., because come control brake device and engine by the slip that detects between tire and the road surface, promptly adopted so-called FEEDBACK CONTROL, so the control of detent or engine even will postpone one minute.In other words, so-called FEEDBACK CONTROL can not prevent the generation of the slip between tire and the road surface, can not prevent the one-sided startup of so-called detent, and promptly damping force is same anything but between left and right wheels, so that improve the performance under mal-condition.In addition, such control can not prevent because the situation that the operation stabilities such as truck that relatively poor loading condition causes descend takes place.
In order to handle such problem, should consider, measurement is applied to radial load on the wheel and one or two the load measuring unit in the axial load should be installed in roller bearing unit power, this roller bearing unit with wheel support on suspension, so that carry out above-mentioned FEEDBACK CONTROL etc.For the situation of using wheel support roller bearing unit under these circumstances, the unit of setting forth among the JP-A-2001-21577 of having well known in the prior art (hereinafter being called patent documentation 1), JP-A-3-209016 (hereinafter being called patent documentation 2), JP-A-2004-3918 (hereinafter being called patent documentation 3), the JP-B-62-3365 (hereinafter being called patent documentation 4) with load measuring unit.
In the patent documentation 1 in above-mentioned document, the roller bearing unit with the load measuring unit that can measure radial load has been described.In first example of the unit of correlation technique, measure the static outer shroud that on the internal side diameter of outer shroud, rotates and the radial displacement of hub by noncontact type bit displacement sensor, detect the radial load that between outer shroud and hub, applies thus.Utilize the radial load that detects to come the driver loading condition poor, and suitable control ABS.
In addition, in patent documentation 2, the structure that is used to measure the axis load that is applied to roller bearing unit has been described.In second example of the unit of the correlation technique of in patent documentation 2, describing, load cell is connected on a plurality of positions of inside surface of the Stationary side flange on the outer surface that is arranged on outer shroud, described a plurality of position is around threaded hole, be screwed into bolt in this threaded hole, thereby the Stationary side flange be connected to universal joint (knucle) respectively.Support at outer shroud/be fixed under the situation on the universal joint, these load cells are arranged between the outer surface and Stationary side flange inner surface of universal joint.Under the situation of the load measuring unit of installing in the roller bearing unit in second example of the unit of correlation technique, the axis load that is applied between wheel and the universal joint is measured by load cell.
In addition, 3 li of patent documentations, such structure has been described, promptly be provided with the displacement transducer that is attached to four positions of outer shroud along circumferencial direction, and have L shaped xsect and assembling/be fixed to the detection ring on the hub, then, four positions along radial direction and direction of propulsion, detect the displacement of hub with respect to outer shroud, thus based on detected value in various piece, detect the direction that is applied to the load on the hub with and numerical value.
In addition, in patent documentation 4, such method has been described, the strainmeter that promptly is used to detect dynamic distortion is arranged on the outer shroud equivalent unit, and a part of rigidity of these parts descends, then, the frequency of passing through by the rolling element that detects by strainmeter, calculate the rotational speed of rolling element, then, measurement is applied to the axial load of rolling bearing based on rotational speed.
Under the situation of first example of the structure of the correlation technique of describing in the superincumbent patent documentation 1,, measure the load that is applied to roller bearing unit by using the radial displacement of displacement sensor outer shroud and hub.In this case, because radial displacement is very little, thus must adopt high-precision sensor as displacement transducer, so that have excellent precision during sensing lead.Because high precision noncontact type sensor is very expensive, just inevitably increased so have the cost of the whole roller bearing unit of load measuring unit.
In addition, under the situation in second example of the structure of the correlation technique of describing in patent documentation 2, load cell must be set to and support/and fixedly the bolt of outer shroud to the universal joint be as many.Therefore, not only load cell itself is just very expensive, and the cost with whole roller bearing unit of load measuring unit has also unavoidably increased.In addition, in the structure of describing in patent documentation 3, its cost has further increased than the structure of describing in patent documentation 1, and this is because sensor is set on four positions of the outer shroud of circumferencial direction.In addition, in the method for describing in patent documentation 4, the durability that might guarantee the outer shroud equivalent unit is very difficult, and this is because must reduce the rigidity of the part of outer shroud equivalent unit.
Equally, in the structure of in any of patent documentation 1-4, describing or method, provide special-purpose mechanism's measurement to be applied to the load of roller bearing unit.Therefore, cost and weight have all increased inevitably.
In addition, in JP-A-2004-77159 (hereinafter being called patent documentation 5), such mechanism has been described, promptly by using scrambler to detect the number of run of the interior ring that supports scrambler as correlation technique of the present invention, on the detected surface of this scrambler, the N utmost point and the S utmost point be alignment alternately.In this case, in the superincumbent patent documentation 5, though with should be considered do not have to describe together about such technology by using the scrambler measurement to be applied to the technology of the load of roller bearing unit.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of roller bearing unit with load measuring unit, it can be configured to small size, and in light weight, and can measure the load that is applied on the roller bearing unit.
The roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to a first aspect of the invention comprises roller bearing unit and load measuring unit.
Roller bearing unit comprises: the Stationary side orbit ring, and it does not rotate in user mode; Rotation siding track ring, it rotates in user mode; And a plurality of rolling elements, it is arranged between Stationary side track and the rotation siding track, and a plurality of rolling elements are positioned on the periphery surface relative to each other of Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring.
In addition, load measuring unit comprises: scrambler, and it is being supported on the part of rotation siding track ring with the concentric mode of described rotation siding track ring, and the feature of the detected surface of described scrambler is along the circumferencial direction alternate; Sensor, its situation lower support relative with detected surface in the test section on non-rotating part (for example, the Stationary side orbit ring of its upper support/fixed static siding track or the part of suspension or shell), signal of sensor changes in response to the variation of the feature of detected surface; And arithmetic element, be used for based on output signal, calculate the load that between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, applies.
In addition, the action direction in response to wanting detected load continuously changes spacing or phase place, changes the feature of detected surface along circumferencial direction by this spacing or phase place.
In addition, arithmetic element has such function, promptly based on a mode computational load, according to the output signal change of this mode sensor.
The as above following operation of roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of the present invention of Gou Jianing is so that measure the load that acts between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring.At first, when load is applied between two orbit rings, because the elastic deformation of Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring and each rolling element makes these orbit rings relatively move.As a result, just change in detected surface that is supported on the scrambler on the rotation siding track ring and the position relation that is supported between the test section of the sensor on the part of Stationary side orbit ring or suspension.
Along the action direction of detected load, continuously change the spacing or the phase place of feature that changes the detected surface of scrambler by it in a circumferential direction.Therefore, when two orbit rings relatively moved based on this load, the pattern (cycle of variation or numerical value or phase place) that changes signal of sensor according to the rotation of rotation siding track ring just changed.Because between the numerical value of the degree of this variation in this pattern and load, have correlativity, so can derive the numerical value of load based on this pattern.
Need combined encoder and monitor to carry out ABS or TCS control, or detect the rotational speed (when such applied in any combination is to wheel support roller bearing unit) of rotation siding track ring.In addition, when such applied in any combination is to lathe, need such combination, detect the rotational speed of main shaft.Roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of the present invention may be constructed to, and detects so required structure of rotational speed by design and detects above-mentioned load, therefore new parts can be installed in roller bearing unit.Therefore, be used to measure the structure that is applied to the load on this roller bearing unit and may be constructed to small size and light weight.
According to a second aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, wanting detected load is along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises along the side surface of the first axial scrambler, the first detected part and the second detected part with mutual different characteristic are alternately alignd on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, the width of the first detected part in the width of two detected parts on the circumferencial direction broadens toward the outer side along radial direction, and the width of the second detected part broadens towards the inboard along radial direction.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, wanting detected load is along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises along the side surface of the first axial scrambler, the first detected part and the second detected part with mutual different characteristic are alternately alignd on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, border between the first detected part and second detected portion branch tilts towards the diametric(al) of scrambler, and be set at the center section that is in respect to scrambler on direction opposite on the diametric(al), and be set in the position that separates on the diametric(al) of scrambler with respect to the vergence direction on diametric border, so that center section is placed the detected surface of the test section of pair of sensors therebetween and scrambler relative on diametric(al).
According to a forth aspect of the invention, second or the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of the third aspect in, scrambler is made by permanent magnet, and a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is the N utmost point, and another detected part is the S utmost point.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, second or the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of the third aspect in, a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is through hole or shrinkage pool, and another detected part is along the center section of circumferencial direction between adjacent through-holes or shrinkage pool.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, second or the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of the third aspect in, a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is a protuberance, and another detected part is along the recess of circumferencial direction between adjacent projection.
According to a seventh aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit aspect the 5th or the 6th with load measuring unit, scrambler is made by magnetic material, sensor changes output signal in response to the variation of the magnetic characteristic of the detected surface of scrambler, and along radially on two ends of scrambler, not changing unit being set, not in the changing unit, the first detected part or the spacing of the second detected part on rotation direction are not changing in the radial direction at this.
According to an eighth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, wanting detected load is along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises that scrambler is along axial side surface, in a plurality of detected built-up sections each all comprises a pair of independent sector, described independent sector has the feature that is different from other parts, described a plurality of detected built-up section aligns on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, at this that constitutes detected built-up section along circumferencial direction the spacing between the independent sector is changed on whole detected built-up section continuously along the direction identical with radial direction.
According to a ninth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, the first detected part and the second detected part with the feature of differing from one another are alternately alignd on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, the width of the first detected part in the width of two detected parts of circumferencial direction is along axially broadening towards an end side, and the width of the second detected part is along axially broadening towards the other end side.
According to the tenth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises the scrambler periphery surface, the first detected part and the second detected part with the feature that differs from one another are alternately alignd along circumferencial direction with equidistant from distance on detected surface, border between the first detected part and second detected portion branch tilts towards the axial direction of scrambler, and simultaneously, towards the vergence direction on axial border be set in respect to scrambler on the direction opposite each other of the center section of axial direction, and be arranged on the position that separates in the diametric(al) of scrambler so that center section is relative along the detected surface of test section that axially places pair of sensors therebetween and scrambler.
According to an eleventh aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit aspect the 9th or the tenth, scrambler is made by permanent magnet, and the first detected part is the N utmost point, and the second detected part is the S utmost point.
According to a twelfth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit aspect the 9th or the tenth with load measuring unit, the first detected part is through hole or shrinkage pool, and the second detected part is along the center section of circumferencial direction between adjacent through-holes or shrinkage pool.
According to a thirteenth aspect of the invention, the roller bearing unit aspect the 9th or the tenth with load measuring unit, the first detected part is a protuberance, the second detected part is along the recess of circumferencial direction between adjacent projection.
According to a fourteenth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit aspect the 12 or 13 with load measuring unit, scrambler is made by magnetic material, variation in response to the magnetic characteristic of the detected surface of scrambler, sensor changes output signal, and along axially on two ends of scrambler, not changing unit being set, in this changing unit not, the first detected part or the second detected part along the spacing of sense of rotation along axially not changing.
According to a fifteenth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, in a plurality of detected built-up sections each all comprises a pair of independent sector with the feature that is different from other parts, described a plurality of detected built-up section aligns on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, constitute detected built-up section along circumferencial direction this to the spacing between the independent sector, on whole detected built-up section along continuously changing with axial identical direction.
According to a sixteenth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of any aspect in aspect the first to the 15, the test section of sensor and the detected surface of scrambler are along three diverse locations of circumferencial direction or more multiposition is relative respectively, and arithmetic element has such function, promptly by comparing signal of sensor mutually, calculate the momentum load that is applied between Stationary side orbit ring and the rotation siding track ring.
According to a seventeenth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit aspect the 16 with load measuring unit, the detected surface of scrambler comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, and the equidistant position along circumferencial direction of the periphery surface of the test section of each sensor and scrambler is relative.
According to an eighteenth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit aspect the 16 with load measuring unit, the detected surface of scrambler comprises scrambler along axial side surface, and the test section of each sensor is relative along the equidistant position of axial side surface with scrambler along circumferencial direction.
According to a nineteenth aspect of the invention, in first to the tenth eight aspect in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of either side, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, rotate siding track ring support/fixing vehicle wheel, and rotate together with wheel.
According to a twentieth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of the either side in first to the tenth eight aspect, roller bearing unit supports to the main axis rotation of lathe on the shell, in user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring assembles/is fixed in the shell or is fixed in the part on the shell, as the interior ring of rotation siding track ring assemble/be fixed to main shaft or and a main shaft part of rotating together on.
According to a twenty-first aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, in user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, as the hub supports/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring also and wheel rotate together, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub in double, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end or in double on the part between the loop orbit, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the outer periphery surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the top of the detected surface on the outer periphery surface radially that is present in scrambler, and be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along axially broadening in the inner end side, and along axially outside end side narrow down.
According to a twenty-second aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and rotate together as the hub supports/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring and with wheel, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, described double interior loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end or in double on the part between the loop orbit, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the outer periphery surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the bottom of the detected surface on the outer periphery surface radially that is present in scrambler, and be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along axially outside end side broaden, and along axially narrowing down in the inner end side.
According to a twenty-third aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and rotate together as the hub supports/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring and with wheel, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, described double interior loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the axial inner surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the top of the detected surface on the axial inner surface that is present in scrambler, and be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, broaden along the radial direction outer end side, and along radially narrowing down in the inner end side.
According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the invention, in the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of first aspect, wherein, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, rotate together as the hub support/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring and with wheel, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, described double interior loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the axial inner surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the bottom of the detected surface on the axial inner surface that is present in scrambler, be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along radially broadening, and narrow down along the radial direction outer end side in the inner end side.
Implementing when of the present invention, for example, as second or the third aspect as described in, detected load be along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring.
In this case, detected surface comprises scrambler along axial side surface, and have the first detected part of the feature of differing from one another and the second detected part along circumferencial direction with equidistant from distance alternately alignment on detected surface.
Then, in the invention of second aspect, the width of the first detected part in the width of two detected parts of circumferencial direction is along radially broadening toward the outer side, and the width of the second detected part is along radially broadening towards the inboard.
Under the situation that adopts such structure,, during the central axis of the center axis deviation Stationary side orbit ring of rotation siding track ring, change with the radial position of the part relative detected surface with test section sensor when variation according to radial load.Then, when variation according to radial load, when the radial position of the part relative with test section sensor detected surface changes, the circumferential length of a detected part in the first and second detected parts relative with the test section is elongated, and the circumferential length of another detected part shortens.In addition, in response to the circumferential length of the first and second detected parts relative with the test section, signal of sensor changes or changes change cycle (period) of institute's foundation of amplitude and changes.Therefore, if can detect corresponding to cycle of the signal of sensor of the first detected part or the variation on the amplitude with corresponding to the cycle of the second detected part or the ratio of the variation on the amplitude, the central axis that then can derive two orbit rings is along departure degree radially and the numerical value that acts on two radial loads between the orbit ring.
In addition, in the invention of the third aspect, border between the first detected part and second detected portion branch tilts towards the diametric(al) of scrambler, in addition, be set to center section with respect to scrambler on the diametric(al) opposite directions towards the vergence direction on diametric border.In addition, be set in the position that separates on the diametric(al) of scrambler so that center section is placed the detected surface of the test section of pair of sensors therebetween and scrambler relative on diametric(al).
Under the situation that adopts this spline structure, when the central axis of rotation siding track ring departed from the central axis of Stationary side orbit ring according to the variation of radial load, the radial position of the part relative with test section pair of sensors detected surface changed.Then, when the radial position of the part relative with test section sensor detected surface changed according to the variation of radial load, a signal of sensor was leading on phase place, and another signal of sensor falls behind on phase place simultaneously.Therefore, if detect phase difference between two signal of sensor, the central axis that so just can derive two orbit rings is along the numerical value of radially departure degree and the radial load that acts between two orbit rings.
Be implemented in second or the third aspect invention of setting forth in, for example, as described in fourth aspect, scrambler is made by permanent magnet.And a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is the N utmost point, and another detected part is the S utmost point.Therefore, permanent magnet is along axial magnetized, and direction of magnetization is along the circumferencial direction alternate.In this case, a N utmost point and S utmost point in extremely is configured as fan-shaped (or trapezoidal), the periphery width of described fan-shaped (or trapezoidal) is along radially broadening towards the outside of scrambler, and another utmost point is configured as fan-shaped (or trapezoidal), and the periphery width of described fan-shaped (or trapezoidal) is along radially broadening towards the inboard of scrambler.
And and the sensor that is used in combination of the scrambler made by such permanent magnet form by the active magnetic sensor, this sensor has the magnetic detection element such as Hall element, magnetoresistive element etc.
When the scrambler of being made by permanent magnet and active sensor are used in combination, when fan-shaped or fall fan-shaped width when broadening, at reference voltage (for example, 0V) locate signal of sensor cycle (when at the reference voltage place when the predetermined direction output signal departs from elapsed time) become longer, and, when fan-shaped width broadened, the variation of output signals (amplitude of variation) at the reference voltage place had increased.
And, be implemented in second or during the described invention of the third aspect, for example, as described in aspect the 5th or the 6th, preferably, a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is through hole or shrinkage pool, and another detected part is along center section or the recess of circumferencial direction between adjacent through-holes or shrinkage pool.As described in fourth aspect, make scrambler by permanent magnet effectively.Should detect with high precision under the situation of load, preferably, use the scrambler of the structure described in having aspect the 5th or the 6th.
The reason of doing like this will be described below.At first, the specific region of the detected surface of scrambler is magnetized, so that obtain the scrambler that the described permanent magnet of fourth aspect is made.In this case, be formed on fan-shaped or fall fan-shapedly, and, need to use senior magnetization technology for strictness restriction magnetized area in order to be arranged in the N utmost point on the detected surface and the S utmost point.Therefore, consider, increased by the production cost of the scrambler of permanent magnet manufacturing.By comparison, described structure can only create by forming scrambler by machining, punch process or injection molding (comprising die casting) aspect the 5th and the 6th, and form accuracy and dimensional accuracy are easy to be guaranteed.Like this, the production cost of scrambler can be suppressed to reduced levels.Therefore, if consider lower cost, described structure is more superior than described structure in fourth aspect in aspect the 5th and the 6th so.
In this case, select to constitute the material of scrambler according to type of sensor.For example, if this sensor is to be made of (active) magnetic sensor initiatively, described active magnetic sensor has permanent magnet and such as the magnetic detection element of Hall element, magnetoresistive element etc., and scrambler is by the magnetic metal manufacturing such as steel plate etc.According to such structure, similar with the situation of the scrambler that adopts permanent magnet to make, the variation of the radial position of the part of the detected surface of the scrambler of facing along with the test section of sensor, signal of sensor also changes.
In contrast, if adopt optical sensor, and a detected portion branch forms through hole, and scrambler can be formed by light shielding material.In this case, the variation of the radial position of the part of the detected surface of the scrambler that the test section of foundation and sensor is relative, variation (amplitude of variation does not change) has also taken place in change cycle of institute's foundation of signal of sensor.
In the invention of implementing aspect the 5th or the 6th, as described in aspect the 7th, preferably, scrambler is made by magnetic material, and sensor changes output signal in response to the variation of the magnetic characteristic of the detected surface of scrambler.And along radially on two ends of scrambler not changing unit being set, not in the changing unit, the first detected part or the spacing of the second detected part on rotation direction are not changing in the radial direction at this.
When constructing by this way, in the detected surface of the test section of sensor and scrambler under the relative situation in the end of Width (externally the end on the diameter side or in the end on the inside diameter side), can be stabilized in the magnetic flux flow between test section and the detected surface, and output signal that can stability sensor.
And when enforcement was of the present invention, for example, as described in eight aspect, detected load be along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring.
In this case, detected surface comprises that scrambler is along radially side surface, in a plurality of detected built-up sections each all comprises a pair of independent sector, described independent sector has the feature that is different from other parts, and described a plurality of detected built-up sections align on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction.
At this that constitutes detected built-up section along circumferencial direction the spacing between the independent sector is changed on whole detected built-up section continuously along the direction identical with radial direction.
When constructing by this way, in the moment of sensor cover to independent sector, the relative signal of sensor of the detected surface of its test section and scrambler changes, but the radial position of the part of facing along with the test section of sensor changes, and the spacing of variation (cycle) also changes.
And when implementing when of the present invention, for example, as described in aspect the 9th or the tenth, detected load be along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring.
In this case, detected surface comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, and have the first detected part of the feature of differing from one another and the second detected part along circumferencial direction with equidistant from distance alternately alignment on detected surface.
And, under the situation of described invention aspect the 9th, the width of the first detected part in the width of two detected parts of circumferencial direction is along axially broadening towards an end side, and the width of the second detected part is along axially broadening towards the other end side.
When adopting such structure, if according to the variation of axial load, the relative position of Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring departs from the axial direction, and the axial location of the part of the relative detected surface in the test section of sensor just changes so.
Therefore and the situation of the described detection radial load of second aspect similar, can derive the numerical value of the axial load that between two orbit rings, acts on.
And, under the situation of described invention aspect the tenth, border between the first detected part and second detected portion branch tilts towards the axial direction of scrambler, and simultaneously, the vergence direction towards axial border is set on the opposite each other direction of axial direction with respect to the center section of scrambler.And, be arranged on the position that separates with the diametric(al) of scrambler so that center section is relative along the detected surface of test section that axially places pair of sensors therebetween and scrambler.
Under the situation that adopts such structure, when the variation of foundation axial load, rotation siding track ring is along axially when the Stationary side orbit ring departs from, and the axial location of the part relative with test section pair of sensors detected surface changes.Then, variation when the foundation axial load, when the axial location of the part relative with test section sensor detected surface changed, a signal of sensor was leading on phase place, and another signal of sensor lags behind on phase place simultaneously.Therefore, have phase difference if detect between two signal of sensor, the central axis that so just can derive two orbit rings is along axial departure degree, and and then derives the numerical value of the axial load that acts between two orbit rings.
When implementing aspect the 9th or the tenth described invention, for example, as described in the tenth one side, scrambler is made by permanent magnet, and the first detected part is the N utmost point, and the second detected part is the S utmost point.
In addition, as described in aspect the 12 or the 13, preferably, the first detected part is through hole or shrinkage pool or protuberance, and the second detected part is along center section or the recess of circumferencial direction between adjacent through-holes or shrinkage pool.This be because, based on the reason described in the described structure in the 5th or the 6th aspect, as described in the tenth one side, with compare by the scrambler of permanent magnet manufacturing, high-precision encoder can be made under the not high situation of cost, like this, can be with the very low-cost structure of constructing with high Precision Detection load capacity.
When the invention of implementing aspect the 12 or the 13, as described in aspect the 14, preferably, scrambler is made by magnetic material, and in response to the variation of the magnetic characteristic of the detected surface of scrambler, sensor changes output signal.And, along axially on two ends of scrambler, not changing unit being set, in this changing unit not, the first detected part or the second detected part along the spacing of sense of rotation along axially not changing.
When adopting such structure, in the detected surface of the test section of sensor and scrambler under the relative situation in the end (along two axial ends) of Width, can be stabilized in the magnetic flux flow between test section and the detected surface, and output signal that can stability sensor.
When enforcement was of the present invention, for example, as described in the 15 aspect, detected load be along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring.
In this case, detected surface comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, and in a plurality of detected built-up sections each all comprise a pair of independent sector with the feature that is different from other parts, and described a plurality of detected built-up sections align on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction.
Constitute detected built-up section along circumferencial direction this to the spacing between the independent sector, on whole detected built-up section along continuously changing with axial identical direction.
When such structure, in the moment of sensor cover to independent sector, the relative signal of sensor of the detected surface of its test section and scrambler changes, but, the axial location of the part of facing along with the test section of sensor changes, and the spacing of variation (cycle) also changes.
And, implementing when of the present invention, for example, as described in aspect the 16, preferably, the test section of sensor and the detected surface of scrambler are along three diverse locations of circumferencial direction or more multiposition is relative respectively.And arithmetic element has such function, promptly by comparing signal of sensor mutually, calculate the momentum load that is applied between Stationary side orbit ring and the rotation siding track ring.
Under these circumstances, as described in the 17 aspect, the detected surface of scrambler comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, and the test section of each sensor is relative along axial equidistant position along the side surface of circumferencial direction and scrambler.
In addition, as described in the tenth eight aspect, the detected surface of scrambler comprises scrambler along axial side surface, and the test section of each sensor is relative along the equidistant position of axial side surface with scrambler along circumferencial direction.
Under the situation that adopts such structure, in the load that is applied between Stationary side orbit ring and the rotation siding track ring, except radial load component and axial load component, can derive the momentum load that between two orbit rings, applies.
And, when enforcement is of the present invention, for example, as described in aspect the 19, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and rotates siding track ring support/fixing vehicle wheel, and rotates together with wheel.
When implementing such pattern, be applied to the numerical value of the load of wheel by measurement, can improve the control of using in order to ensure the stable operation of vehicle.
Alternatively, as described in the 20 aspect, roller bearing unit is used for the main axis rotation of lathe is supported to shell.In this case, in user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring assembles/is fixed in the shell or is fixed in the part on the shell, and as the interior ring of rotation siding track ring assemble/be fixed to main shaft or and a main shaft part of rotating together on.
When implementing such pattern, by in the roller bearing unit that supports machine tool chief axis, setting up load measuring unit, measure the load that is applied to main shaft, then, speed of feed by adjustment means suitably etc. can obtain quality improvement and guarantee the compatibility of working (machining) efficiency.
And, when enforcement is of the present invention, for example, as described in either side in the 21 to the 24 aspect, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, in user mode, support/be fixed on the suspension as the outer shroud of Stationary side orbit ring, as the hub supports/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring also and wheel rotate together.And, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub in double, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub.
And, under the situation of described invention aspect the 21 or the 22, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end or in double on the part between the loop orbit, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance, and to detected load be along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub as the scrambler on the outer periphery surface of detected surface.
And the 20 on the one hand under the situation of described invention, the test section of sensor is relative with the top of the detected surface on the outer periphery surface radially that is present in scrambler.And, be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along axially broadening in the inner end side, and along axially outside end side narrow down.
And, under the situation of described invention aspect the 22, the test section of sensor is relative with the bottom of the detected surface on the outer periphery surface radially that is present in scrambler, be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along axially outside end side broaden, and along axially narrowing down in the inner end side.
Simultaneously, as aspect the 23 or 24 under the situation of described invention, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end, in recess and the alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the axial inner surface of detected surface, and to want detected load be along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub.
And under the situation of described invention aspect the 23, the test section of sensor is relative with the top of the detected surface on the axial inner surface that is present in scrambler.And, be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, broaden along the radial direction outer end side, and along radially narrowing down in the inner end side.
And under the situation of described invention aspect the 24, the test section of sensor is relative with the bottom of the detected surface on the axial inner surface that is present in scrambler.And, be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along radially broadening, and narrow down along the radial direction outer end side in the inner end side.
When constructing by this way, because owing to act on the variation of the signal of sensor that the variation of the load between Stationary side orbit ring and the rotation siding track ring causes and can be enhanced, so can obtain the raising of the measuring accuracy of this load.
In this case, the recess of mentioning in the invention on according to the either side in the 21 to the 24 aspect comprises the through hole that forms by the hole of impacting out from sheet metal.In this case, the protuberance meaning is meant along the center section of circumferencial direction between adjacent through-holes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the view that shows scrambler main body when the right side of Fig. 1 is seen.
Fig. 3 be show when and Fig. 2 similar fashion when seeing, the view of the sweep test of the detected surface of the scrambler that scans by the test section of sensor.
Fig. 4 is the view that shows sensor output signal respectively, and the variation of described sensor output signal and radial load changes together.
Fig. 5 is the curve map that shows first example that concerns between the radial displacement of outer shroud and hub and the radial load.
Fig. 6 is skeleton view and the front view that is presented at second example of the scrambler of setting up in the embodiments of the invention 2.
Fig. 7 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 3.
Fig. 8 is the relevant view that shows the 3rd example of the scrambler that is based upon in the embodiments of the invention 4 respectively.
Fig. 9 is the view of sweep test of the detected surface of the scrambler that shows that the test section branch of sensor when along the detected surface of axially seeing scrambler scans.
Figure 10 is the time curve that shows sensor output signal respectively, and described sensor output signal changes together along with the variation of radial load.
Figure 11 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 5.
Figure 12 is the skeleton view that shows the material that is based upon the scrambler among the embodiment 5 and its confined state respectively.
Figure 13 is the view that shows sensor output signal respectively, and the variation of described sensor output signal and radial load changes together.
Figure 14 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 6.
Figure 15 is the skeleton view that shows the material that is based upon the scrambler in the embodiments of the invention 7 and its confined state respectively.
Figure 16 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 8.
Figure 17 is the fragmentary, perspective view that is based upon the scrambler among the embodiment 8.
Figure 18 is the view that shows sensor output signal respectively, and the variation of described sensor output signal and radial load changes together.
Figure 19 is the cut-open view that shows the embodiment of the invention 9.
Figure 20 is the skeleton view that is based upon the scrambler among the embodiment 9.
Figure 21 is the view that shows sensor output signal respectively, and the variation of described sensor output signal and axial load changes together.
Figure 22 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 10.
Figure 23 is the front view that is based upon the scrambler among the embodiment 10.
Figure 24 is the partial sectional view that shows embodiments of the invention 11.
Figure 25 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 12.
Figure 26 is the schematic sectional view that shows the confined state of embodiment 12 between suspension and wheel.
Figure 27 is a curve map of explaining that sensor output signal changes in response to displacement.
Figure 28 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 13.
Figure 29 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 14.
Figure 30 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 15.
Figure 31 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 16.
Figure 32 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 17.
Figure 33 is the skeleton view that is based upon the scrambler among the embodiment 17.
Figure 34 is the stretch-out view that shows above-mentioned scrambler.
Figure 35 is the view that shows sensor output signal respectively, and the variation of described sensor output signal and axial load changes together.
Figure 36 is the cut-open view that shows embodiments of the invention 18.
Figure 37 is the skeleton view that is based upon the scrambler among the embodiment 18.
Figure 38 is the stretch-out view that shows above-mentioned scrambler.
Figure 39 is the view that shows sensor output signal respectively, and the variation of described sensor output signal and axial load changes together.
In the accompanying drawings, 1,1a represents that wheel supports roller bearing unit, 2 expression load measuring units, 3,3a represents outer shroud, 4,4a, 4b represents hub, 5,5a represents rolling element, 6,6a represents outer loop orbit, 7 expression assembled portion, 8 expression hub main bodys, ring in 9 expressions, 10 expression flanges, 11,11a represents interior loop orbit, 12,12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f, 12g, 12h, 12i, 12j, 12k, 12A, 12B presentation code device, 13,13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13i, 13A, 13B, 13C represents sensor, 14,14a, 14b, 14c represents back up pad, 15,15a presentation code device main body, 16 expression annulus parts (circular ringportion), 17 expression column parts, 18,18a represents lid, 19 expression bottom parts, 20,20a represents pilot hole, 21,21a, 21b represents through hole, 22,22a, 22b represents center section, 23 expression annulus parts, the detected built-up section of 24 expressions, 25 expression independent sectors, 26 expression column parts, 27,27a represents protuberance, 28,28a represents recess, 29a, 29b represents parallel portion, 30a, 30b represents parallel portion, 31a, 31b represents not changing unit, 32a, 32b represents not changing unit, 33a, 33b represents through hole, 34a, 34b represents stylolitic part, and 25 expression marginal portions (rim portion).
Embodiment
[embodiment 1]
Fig. 1-5 has shown embodiments of the invention 1, and embodiment 1 is corresponding to claim 1,2,4 and 19.The roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of present embodiment comprises: wheel supports roller bearing unit 1; And load measuring unit 2, the function of its also useful speed detection unit that rotates.
As shown in Figure 1, wheel support roller bearing unit 1 comprises outer shroud 3, hub 4 and a plurality of rolling element 5,5.Outer shroud 3 is Stationary side orbit rings, it supports/is fixed on the suspension in actual use, and have loop orbit 6,6 and the assembled portion on outer periphery surface 7 outside double on inner periphery surface respectively, this assembled portion 7 is configured as similar outwardly directed flange, and is connected on the suspension.And hub 4 is rotation siding track rings, and it supports/fixing vehicle wheel in actual use so that and wheel rotate together, and connect to make up by hub main body 8 and 9 combinations of interior ring and form.In such hub 4, be used to support/flange 10 of fixing vehicle wheel is set to outer periphery surface and (is positioned at the end on the outside of the Width of vehicle body on being assembled to suspension the time) along axial outer end, and loop orbit 11,11 is separately positioned on the outer periphery surface of the center section of axial hub and interior ring 9 in double.Rolling element 5,5 rolls respectively with a plurality of forms and is arranged between interior loop orbit 11,11 and the outer loop orbit 6,6, and supports on the inside diameter side of outer shroud 3 with outer shroud 3 concentric forms hub 4 is rolled.In illustrated example, ball is as rolling element.When the roller bearing unit that is used for the support vehicle wheel was very heavy on weight, in some cases, tapered roll was as rolling element.Use ball as the unit of rolling element with use the unit of tapered roll as rolling element in compare, can produce bigger outer shroud and the displacement between the hub.Yet, using in the unit of tapered roll as rolling element, though displacement is less, outer shroud and hub also can be subjected to displacement.Therefore, use such unit of tapered roll also can be used as theme of the present invention.
Simultaneously, as shown in Figure 1, load measuring unit 2 comprises scrambler 12, sensor 13 and arithmetic element (not shown).
Scrambler 12 comprises back up pad 14 and scrambler main body 15.By the magnetic holding plate of bending such as low carbon steel plate etc.,, thereby form back up pad 14 so that annulus part 16 and column part 17 are coupled together continuously by sloping portion.Back up pad 14 has the section shape of similar approximate J-shaped, and forms similar toroidal on the whole.And scrambler main body 15 is by the permanent magnet manufacturing such as rubber magnet (rubber magnet), plastic magnet etc., and forms similar annulus on the whole.Scrambler main body 15 with the concentric mode of column part 17 attached/be fixed to annulus part 16 on axial inside surface.
The permanent magnet that constitutes scrambler main body 15 is along axial magnetized, and direction of magnetization is extended in a circumferential direction, and alternately changes with equidistant from distance.As a result, scrambler main body 15 on axial inside surface, the N utmost point and the S utmost point are with alternately alignment of equidistant from distance.Under the situation of present embodiment, be magnetized into the part of the N utmost point and be magnetized into the part of the S utmost point corresponding to the first detected part and the second detected part, the described first detected part and the second detected part are positioned on the detected surface of scrambler 12, thereby have the feature that differs from one another.Like this, in the part that is magnetized to the N utmost point along circumferencial direction be magnetized in the width of part of the S utmost point, the width that is magnetized to the part of the N utmost point broadens along the radial outward face, and the width of part that is magnetized to the S utmost point is along radially inwardly broadening.
By shrink fit, the column part 17 of back up pad 14 is on the inner end that axially is assembled to interior ring 9.Like this, in this manner Gou Zao scrambler 12 with the concentric mode of hub along axial connection/the be fixed to annular inner portion of hub 4.In this case, scrambler main body 15 is positioned on the axial inside surface on the virtual plane with the central axis quadrature of hub 4.
Simultaneously, sensor 13 is along axially supporting/be fixed on the inner end of outer shroud 3 by lid 18.By carrying out molded synthetic resin, perhaps sheet metal is applied pull processing, this lid 18 forms the similar cylinder that the bottom is arranged.Lid 18 fix/is assembled on the inner end of outer shroud 3, so that cover the inner opening portion of outer shroud 3.Under the situation of axially passing bottom parts 19, pilot hole 20 is formed on the part of the bottom parts 19 that constitutes such lid 18 at pilot hole 20, and this part is positioned near the outer dia side, and faces the detected surface of scrambler 12.
Along axially arriving under the outside situation by pilot hole 20 internally, sensor 13 supports/is fixed on the bottom parts 19 at sensor 13.Like this, the test section that is arranged on the top end face (left side among Fig. 1) of sensor 13 is set near the tight detected part near scrambler 12, so that divide relative by about measurement clearance of 0.5 to 2mm with described detected portion.And the magnetic detection element is arranged on such as Hall element, magnetoresistive elements etc. on the test section of sensor 13, as the active magnetic sensor.Under the such element and the S utmost point situation relative with N utmost point difference, the feature of such magnetic detection element can change.As a result, when scrambler 12 and hub 4 rotated together, the feature of magnetic detection element can change, and like this, the output signal of sensor 13 can change.
By this way, in response to the rotational speed of hub 4, the cycle (frequency) that the output signal of sensor 13 changes also changes.More specifically, when rotational speed increased highlyer, the cycle that output signal changes became shorter, and change frequency increases like this.Therefore, can detect, can use ABS or TCS control then if this output signal is presented the rotational speed of the wheel that rotates together to the controller that is arranged on the body of a motor car side (not shown) etc. and scrambler 12.This respect is similar to technology well known in the prior art.
Especially, in the present embodiment, based on the numerical value that acts on the radial load between hub 4 and the outer shroud 3, the pattern that output signal changes institute's foundation also changes.Therefore, can measure radial load by this pattern of monitoring.To come this respect is made an explanation with reference to figure 3 to 5.
To explain the prerequisite of measuring radial load at first, below.Described in patent documentation 1 in the above, in response to the numerical value that is applied to the radial load between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4, outer shroud 3 and hub 4 change along relative position radially.The reason of above-mentioned situation is, based on radial load, rolling element 5,5 changes with contacting with these rolling elements 5,5 as the outer loop orbit 6,6 of raceway contact and the elastic deformation amount separately of interior loop orbit 11,11.In the above under the situation of patent documentation 1 described prior art,, measure the radial load that between outer shroud and hub, applies by directly measuring outer shroud and hub by displacement transducer along radially displacement.In contrast, under the situation of present embodiment,, measure the numerical value that is applied to the radial load between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4 based on the relative displacement of scrambler 12 and sensor 13.Below this respect is made an explanation.
Suppose, when standard radial load (standard value) is applied between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4, the test section of sensor 13 in the face of the detected surface of scrambler 12 along radially core.In this case, the core of the test section of sensor 13 scanning detected surface, this core is represented with the double dot dash line α among Fig. 3.Since be magnetized to along circumferencial direction have the N utmost point part width and be magnetized to the width that has a part of the S utmost point along circumferencial direction and on core radially, be equal to each other, so the output signal of sensor 13 goes up in the same magnitude of rolling to each side, shown in Fig. 4 (A) at reference voltage (for example 0V).That is the voltage of output signal is higher than the period T of reference voltage HBe lower than the period T of reference voltage with such voltage L(the T that is equal to each other becomes H=T L).And, at the maximal value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage HAnd the minimum value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage L(the Δ V that is equal to each other becomes H=Δ V L).
In contrast, when be applied to radial load between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4 increase during the overgauge value, outer shroud 3 offsets downward with respect to the position of hub 4.Therefore, the test section of sensor 13 is relative with the part of the detected surface that is arranged near the scrambler 12 the radially inner side.In this case, the scanning of the test section of sensor 13 is positioned at along near the part of the detected surface the radially inner side, and it is represented with double dot dash line β in Fig. 3.Owing to be arranged near the part the inboard radially, the width that is magnetized to the part of the N utmost point along circumferencial direction becomes narrower than the width of the part that is magnetized to the S utmost point along circumferencial direction, so the output signal of sensor 13 goes up towards side oscillation is bigger down, shown in Fig. 4 (B) at reference voltage (for example 0V).That is the voltage of output signal is lower than the period T of reference voltage LBecome and be higher than the period T of reference voltage greater than such voltage H(T H＜T L).And, at the minimum value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage LBecome greater than at the maximal value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage H(Δ V L＞Δ V H).
Opposite with top situation in addition, when being applied to radial load between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4 and reducing less than standard value, outer shroud 3 is with respect to the upwards skew of position of hub 4.Therefore, the test section of sensor 13 is relative with the part of the detected surface that is arranged near the scrambler 12 the radial outside.In this case, the scanning of the test section of sensor 13 is positioned at along near the part of the detected surface the radial outside, and it is represented with double dot dash line γ in Fig. 3.Owing to be arranged near the part the outside radially, the width that is magnetized to the part of the N utmost point along circumferencial direction becomes wideer than the width of the part that is magnetized to the S utmost point along circumferencial direction, so it is bigger towards last side oscillation that the output signal of sensor 13 goes up at reference voltage (for example 0V), shown in Fig. 4 (B).That is the voltage of output signal is higher than the period T of reference voltage HBecome and be lower than the period T of reference voltage greater than such voltage L(T H＞T L).And, at the maximal value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage HBecome greater than at the minimum value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage L(Δ V H＞Δ V L).
Therefore, if the pattern of the output signal of monitoring sensor 13 so just can detect the departure degree (radial displacement) between the central axis of the central axis of outer shroud 3 and hub 4.More specifically must say, if observe the period T that the voltage of output signal is higher than reference voltage HBe lower than the period T of reference voltage with such voltage LRatio " T H/ T L", so just can detect the irrelevance (radial displacement) between the central axis of the central axis of outer shroud 3 and hub 4.Alternatively, if observe at the maximal value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage HWith at the minimum value of the voltage of output signal and the difference DELTA V between the reference voltage LRatio " Δ V H/ Δ V L", so also can detect radial displacement.Because at ratio " T H/ T L" or " Δ V H/ Δ V L" and radial displacement between relation all be that substantially linear changes on any ratio, such relation can must derive easily.Then, the relation of derivation is carried in the software, and this software is installed in arithmetic element (microcomputer) (not shown) lining, thereby is used for calculating respectively radial load.
In addition, can perhaps based on test, derive the relation between radial displacement and the radial load by calculating.When deriving described the relation by calculating, based on known theory in the technology of roller bearing unit, use the specification of roller bearing unit 1 simultaneously, be the material and the radius-of-curvature of the xsect of outer loop orbit 6,6 and interior loop orbit 11,11, the diameter and the quantity of rolling element 5,5 of outer shroud 3 and hub 4, calculate such relation.And, when deriving described the relation, measure the radial displacement of outer shroud 3 and hub 4 based on test, between outer shroud 3 and hub 4, apply the known radial load that has different numerical value respectively simultaneously.Under any circumstance, the relation between the numerical value of radial displacement and radial load can derive, and as shown in Figure 5, then described relation is attached in the software.
Because present embodiment is to construct as mentioned above to form, thus radial load can be measured, although new parts such as displacement transducers etc. are not based upon in the roller bearing unit 1.In other words,, also need combined encoder 12 and sensor 13, so that detect the rotational speed of hub 4 in order to carry out ABS or TCS control.In the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of present embodiment, the structure that need be used for detecting such rotational speed by design is measured radial load.Therefore, it is little and in light weight to be used to measure the size that the structure that is applied to the radial load on the roller bearing unit can construct.
As may be obvious that among Fig. 4, under the situation of present embodiment, the voltage of the output signal of sensor 13 is higher than the period T of reference voltage HBe lower than the period T of reference voltage with such voltage LNumerical value according to radial load changes.Therefore, in order accurately to detect the rotational speed of hub 4 regardless of the variation of radial load, based on the summation " T in two cycles H+ T L" calculate rotational speed.Even be magnetized to the part of the N utmost point and be magnetized to the partially-formed of the S utmost point for fan-shaped or fan-shaped, shown in Fig. 2 or 3, this summation " T H+ T L" also keep almost stable constant, and no matter radial load how.As a result, can accurately must derive rotational speed in the present embodiment.
[embodiment 2]
Fig. 6 (A) has shown embodiments of the invention 2, and it is corresponding to claim 1,2 and 5.Under the situation of present embodiment, through hole 21,21 forms in center section radially at circular scrambler 12a with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction.Under the situation of present embodiment, these through holes form fan-shaped (perhaps trapezoidal), and the width of its circumferencial direction is along radially narrowing down gradually towards the outside of scrambler 12a.And, form fan-shaped (perhaps trapezoidal) along the center section 22,22 of circumferencial direction between adjacent through- holes 21,21, it along the width of circumferencial direction along radially broadening gradually towards the outside.Therefore, under the situation of present embodiment, center section 22,22 corresponds respectively to the first detected part described in the claim 2, and through hole 21,21 corresponds respectively to the second detected part described in the claim 2.Opposite with top situation, shown in Fig. 6 (B), the width of through hole 21a, 21a can increase diametrically toward the outer side gradually, and the width of center section 22a, 22a can reduce diametrically toward the outer side gradually.
Under any circumstance, similar with the situation of top embodiment 1, by combined encoder and right sensors, can detect displacement such as the central axis of the rotation siding track ring of hub such as the central axis of the Stationary side orbit ring of outer shroud etc. and support/regular coding device 12a along the support sensor that makes progress of footpath.Then, can derive the radial load that between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, acts on.Here, select to constitute the material of scrambler 12a according to type of sensor.
For example, become initiatively magnetic sensor in this sensor arrangement, this active magnetic sensor pack is drawn together under the situation of permanent magnet and magnetic detection element such as Hall element, magnetoresistive elements etc., scrambler 12a by magnetic metal such as manufacturings such as steel plates.Become passive magnetic sensor in this sensor arrangement, this passive magnetic sensor comprises that under the situation of permanent magnet, pole piece and coil, scrambler 12a makes in a similar manner.In such structure and above the situation of embodiment 1 similar, signal of sensor changes along with the change in location diametrically of detected surface relative with test section sensor the part of scrambler 12a.Adopting under the situation of described magnetic sensor, similar fan-shaped or fall fan-shaped recess or protuberance and can be formed on the detected surface of scrambler, come instead through-holes.Alternately make under the situation of scrambler with permanent magnet on the detected surface of alignment at the N utmost point and the S utmost point, might become unequal, the accuracy of detection variation that makes load owing to magnetic flux density.In this case, if adopt the scrambler that forms through hole or recess or protuberance on magnetic metal, so such problem just can not produce, thereby can guarantee the load detecting precision.
In contrast, under the situation that sensor is formed by optical sensor, one that is formed in the first detected part on the detected surface of scrambler 12a and the second detected part is defined as through hole.In this case, can adopt any material as the material that constitutes scrambler 12a, as long as such material can shield light.When adopting optical sensor, according to the change in location of scrambler 12a along the part of the detected surface relative radially with test section sensor, the cycle that signal of sensor changes change (amplitude of variation does not change).
Because the structure of the various piece except scrambler 12a and operation all are similar to the foregoing description 1, so will omit describing and explaining same section here.
[embodiment 3]
Fig. 7 has shown embodiments of the invention 3, and it is corresponding to claim 1,2 and 19.Under the situation of present embodiment, scrambler 12b assembles/is fixed on the hub 4a that is arranged between the double rolling element 5,5 on axial center section.Scrambler 12b has the back up pad 14a of L shaped xsect, and forms similar annulus on the whole.Then, shown in top Fig. 2 and 3 by the arbitrary part on the side surface of the permanent magnet manufacturing and annulus part 23 that be attached at back up pad 14a, perhaps as top through hole shown in Figure 6 21,21a, perhaps recess is formed in the annulus part 23 or on annulus part 23.As a result, the function of scrambler just can offer annulus part 23 self.
The sensor 13a that is used in combination with such scrambler 12b is inserted among the pilot hole 20a, and this pilot hole 20a encircles 3 in axial center section along radially forming of outer shroud 3 between the loop orbit 6,6 outside from the outside to the inboard outside double.Then, the test section of side surface that is arranged on the top ends of sensor 13a is set to closely be positioned near the detected surface of scrambler main body 15, this detected surface is attached to annulus part 23 on axial side surface, perhaps on the side surface of annulus part 23 self, so that face with it.
Present embodiment is similar to top embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 parts are: based on the pattern of the output signal of sensor 13a, the displacement that detection is pacified between the central axis of the central axis of hub 4a and outer shroud 3, then based on this displacement, the radial load of derivative ac-tion between hub 4a and outer shroud 3.Therefore, omit their repetition of explanation here.
[embodiment 4]
Fig. 8-10 has shown embodiments of the invention, and it is corresponding to claim 1 and 8.Under the situation of present embodiment, a plurality of detected built-up sections 24,24 along circumferencial direction with equidistant from distance on as the side surface of the scrambler 12c of detected surface along axial setting.Each detected built-up section 24,24 comprises a pair of independent sector 25,25, and described independent sector has the feature that is different from other parts respectively.For such independent sector 25,25, can adopt the vertical hole of slit-shaped shown in Fig. 8 (A), the shrinkage pool shown in Fig. 8 (B), perhaps the bunding shape protuberance shown in Fig. 8 (C).If adopt any hole as independent sector 25,25, on all detected built-up sections 24,24 along equidirectional along radially, the spacing along circumferencial direction between a pair of independent sector 25,25 that constitutes detected built-up section 24,24 recurs variation.In illustrated embodiment, independent sector 25,25 tilts like this, thereby constituting between a pair of independent sector 25,25 of detected built-up section 24,24 along the spacing of circumferencial direction along radially becoming big towards scrambler 12c outside, and between a pair of independent sector 25,25 that constitutes detected built-up section 24,24 along the spacing of circumferencial direction along radially diminishing towards scrambler 12c outside.
As shown in figure 10, in the moment of sensor cover to independent sector 25,25, its test section signal of sensor relative with the detected surface of top scrambler 12c changes.Then, the change in location of the part of facing along with the test section of sensor, change interval (cycle) is along radially changing.
For example, be applied to such as the Stationary side orbit ring of outer shroud etc. and between such as the rotation siding track ring of hub etc. the time, the core of the test section scanning detected surface of sensor is shown in the double dot dash line α in Fig. 9 and 10 when standard radial load (standard value).In this case, signal of sensor changes shown in Figure 10 (B).
By comparison, when being applied to radial load between Stationary side orbit ring and the rotation siding track ring and being increased to the overgauge value, the test section of sensor scanning detected surface be positioned near the radially inner side part, for example, shown in the double dot dash line β in Fig. 9 and 10.In this case, signal of sensor changes shown in Figure 10 (A).
In addition, when being applied to radial load between Stationary side orbit ring and the rotation siding track ring and being reduced to less than standard value, the test section of sensor scanning detected surface be positioned near the radial outside part, for example, shown in the double dot dash line γ in Fig. 9 and 10.In this case, signal of sensor changes shown in Figure 10 (C).
The result, under the situation of present embodiment, if observe the pattern (change interval) of signal of sensor, can detect the degree of displacement (radial displacement) between the central axis of the central axis of Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, then, based on this degree of displacement, can measure the radial load that between two orbit rings, applies.
[embodiment 5]
Figure 11-13 shows embodiments of the invention 5, and it is corresponding to claim 1,9,11 and 19.Under the situation of present embodiment, scrambler 12d assembles/is fixed on along axially on the center section with the hub 4a between the rolling element 5,5 of double setting.By the strip material coiled circle that makes shown in Figure 12 (A), and make this scrambler 12d be configured to shown in Figure 12 (B).Cylinder scrambler main body 15b attached on the whole circumference/be fixed on the outer periphery surface of cylinder back up pad 14b.
Scrambler main body 15b by permanent magnet such as manufacturings such as rubber magnet, plastic magnets, and along diametrical magnetization.On whole circumference, direction of magnetization is with the equidistant from distance alternate.Therefore, the N utmost point and the S utmost point are with equidistant from distance alternately alignment on as the outer periphery surface of the scrambler main body 15b of detected surface.Wherein, the width in a circumferential direction that is magnetized to the part of the N utmost point as the first detected part broadens in the end of scrambler main body 15b, and narrows down in the other end.By comparison, on the end of scrambler main body 15b, narrow down in the axial direction as the width along circumferencial direction of the part that is magnetized to the S utmost point of the second detected part, and broaden in the other end.
The sensor 13b that uses together with such scrambler 12d is inserted among the pilot hole 20a, and this pilot hole 20a encircles 3 from the outside of outer shroud 3 to the inboard in axial center section along radially forming between the loop orbit 6,6 outside outside double.Then, the test section that is arranged on the top ends of sensor 13b is set to closely be positioned near the outer periphery surface of scrambler main body 15, so that face with it.
Under the situation of present embodiment with such structure, when variation according to the axial load that between outer shroud 3 and hub 4a, applies, when the relative position of outer shroud 3 and hub 4a was mobile in the axial direction, the axial location of the part of the outer periphery surface that the test section of the sensor 13b of scrambler main body 15b is faced also changed.As a result and the situation of top embodiment 1 similar, as shown in figure 13, the pattern that the output signal of sensor 13b changes institute's foundation also changes.By calculating or test, with and top embodiment 1 in the pattern of output signal in variation and the same way as of the relation between the radial load, the output signal that can derive sensor 13b change institute's foundation as shown in figure 13 pattern and be applied to outer shroud 3 and hub 4a between the numerical value of axial load between relation.As a result, by the variation in the pattern of observing output signal, can derive the numerical value of axial load.
[embodiment 6]
Figure 14 has shown embodiments of the invention 6, and it is corresponding to claim 1,9,11 and 19.Under the situation of present embodiment, scrambler 12e assembles/is fixed to hub 4a on axial inner end.This scrambler 12e has back up pad 14c.Then, if the scrambler main body of permanent magnet manufacturing is attached on the inner periphery surface of column part 26 of back up pad 14c, in fan-shaped or trapezoidal scope, alternately align respectively under the magnetized state at them at the N utmost point on the inner periphery surface of scrambler main body and the S utmost point, perhaps fan-shaped or trapezoidal hole is formed on the column part 26, and the function of scrambler just can offer column part 26 self so.Then, the test section of supporting/be fixed on the sensor 13c on the lid 18a is orientated as near the inner periphery surface that closely is positioned at as the scrambler 12e of detected surface, to face with it.
Under the situation of such embodiment,, also can measure the numerical value of the axial load that between outer shroud 3 and hub 4a, acts on by the variation of observation in the pattern of the output signal of sensor 13c.
[embodiment 7]
Figure 15 has shown embodiments of the invention 7, and it is corresponding to claim 1 and 15.In the present embodiment, use the structure of the embodiment 4 among top Fig. 8-10, surveyed the numerical value of axial load.More concretely, under the situation of present embodiment, a plurality of detected built-up sections 24,24 are arranged on equidistant from distance on the outer periphery surface (or inner periphery surface) as the cylinder scrambler 12f of detected surface along circumferencial direction.These detected built-up sections 24,24 comprise a pair of independent sector 25,25, and described independent sector has the feature that is different from other parts respectively.Under the situation of present embodiment, adopt the vertical hole of slit-shaped as such independent sector 25,25.
Scrambler 12f with such independent sector 25,25 constructs in the following manner and forms: will wherein be pre-formed the banded magnetic holding plate coiled circle shown in Figure 15 (A) in vertical hole by punch process, then, weld two ends of described plate along circumferencial direction by butt welding.Here, shrinkage pool shown in top Fig. 8 (B) or the bunding shape protuberance shown in Fig. 8 (C) also can be used as independent sector 25,25.Under the situation of present embodiment, similar with the situation of embodiment 4, constitute between a pair of independent sector 25,25 of detected built-up section 24,24 along the interval of circumferencial direction with axially identical direction on all detected built-up sections 24,24, change continuously.In other words, independent sector 25,25 tilts by this way, thereby the interval along circumferencial direction between a pair of independent sector 25,25 that constitutes detected built-up section 24,24 reduces towards the end (bottom righthand side among Figure 15) of scrambler 12f in the axial direction, and, increase towards the other end (left upper end among Figure 15) of scrambler 12f in the axial direction at the interval that constitutes between the independent sector 25,25 of adjacent detected built-up section in a circumferential direction.
Similar with the situation of top embodiment 4, as shown in figure 10, in the moment of sensor cover to independent sector 25,25, signal of sensor changes, and the outer periphery surface as detected surface of the test section of described sensor and above-mentioned scrambler 12f (perhaps inner periphery surface) is relative.Then, the variation of the position of the part faced along with the test section of sensor in the axial direction of change interval (cycle) and changing.The result, under the situation of present embodiment, if observe the pattern of signal of sensor, so just can detect Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring degree of displacement (axial displacement) in the axial direction, then, based on this degree of displacement, can measure and be applied to two axial loads between the orbit ring.The pattern of sensor-based output signal derives the method for load, is similar to the situation among the embodiment 4, and difference only is: the load that survey is transformed to axial load from radial load.
In this case, do not describe structure corresponding to claim 12.Yet, if the structure applications of the annulus scrambler 12a that shows among Fig. 6 is to the cylinder scrambler, so just can construct structure in the structure applications of annulus scrambler 12c that will be shown in Fig. 8 (A) the identical mode of situation to the cylinder scrambler 12f as shown in Figure 15 (B) corresponding to claim 12.
[embodiment 8]
Figure 16-18 has shown embodiments of the invention 8, and it is corresponding to claim 1,9,13 and 19.Present embodiment has shown the situation of the invention process in drive wheels support roller bearing unit 1a.And, in view of this roller bearing unit is combined in the very heavy vehicle of weight, so adopt tapered roll as rolling element 5a, 5a.Under the situation of present embodiment, scrambler 12g as shown in figure 17 assembles/is fixed to along axially in double on the center section of hub 4b between loop orbit 11a, the 11a.This scrambler 12g is by the magnetic metal made, and form similar on the whole annulus, and, on its outer periphery surface, alternately form as the protuberance 27,27 of the first detected part with as the recess 28,28 of the second detected part with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction.
Under the situation of present embodiment with such structure, when variation along with the axial load that between outer shroud 3a and hub 4b, applies, when the relative position of outer shroud 3a and hub 4b is mobile in the axial direction, on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud 3a, form double outside loop orbit 6a, 6a, the axial location of the part of the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12g changes, the part of above-mentioned outer periphery surface and face along the test section of the sensor 13d of axial support on the center section of outer shroud 3a.As a result and the situation of top embodiment 5 similar, the pattern (dutycycle) that the output signal of sensor 13d changes institute's foundation also changes as shown in figure 18.Similar with top embodiment 5, by calculating, perhaps based on test, can derive as shown in figure 19 signal of sensor change the pattern of institute's foundation and be applied to outer shroud 3a and hub 4b between the numerical value of axial load between relation.As a result, by observing the variation in the pattern of output signal, the numerical value of detectable axial load.
Now, if replace alignment such as frutum or fall the recess of frutum and the structure of protuberance along circumferencial direction as described in the present embodiment, be applied in along axially forming on the scrambler of detected surface on its side surface, present embodiment can be used to measure the radial load that is applied on the roller bearing unit so.
[embodiment 9]
Figure 19-21 has shown embodiments of the invention 9, and it is corresponding to claim 1,9,13,14 and 19.The present embodiment intention is based on the structure of top embodiment 8, design protuberance 27a, 27a and recess 28a, 28a on the outer periphery surface that is formed on scrambler 12h, this scrambler 12h assembles/is fixed on the center section of hub 4b, comes the output signal of stability sensor 13d.In other words, under the situation of present embodiment, two ends of protuberance 27a, 27a and recess 28a, 28a form parallel portion 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b in the axial direction, and their Widths in a circumferential direction are axially not changing along scrambler 12h respectively.Therefore, according to the axial location in the zone line of outer periphery surface in the axial direction, the feature as the outer periphery surface of detected surface of scrambler 12h also changes along the spacing that circumferencial direction changes, but such spacing in the axial direction on two ends the time no matter axial location how, can not change.
Under the situation of present embodiment, by parallel portion 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b are provided, the reason of output signal that can stability sensor 13d is as described below.As mentioned above, if by magnetic material manufacturing and the scrambler that on its detected surface, forms recess and protuberance as described scrambler, compare with the scrambler of permanent magnet manufacturing so, can set the spacing of the changing features of detected surface with high precision.Yet, in the above under the situation of the structure of embodiment 8, if thereby the spacing between recess and protuberance has reduced to shorten the spacing of changing features, so the detected part that is arranged on scrambler in the test section of sensor along two ends (at axial two ends) of Width thus near under the situation about facing with it, the magnetic flux flow that flows between test section and detected portion branch can become unstable, like this, the output of sensor also just is easy to become unstable.For example, when the hypotelorism between protuberance 27,27 in as the scrambler 12g in Figure 17 and the recess 28,28, the substrate of adjacent in a circumferential direction butt protuberance 27,27 becomes close to each other.Concrete, when taking place in the axial direction at scrambler 12g and sensor 13d, big displacement also can detect the rotational speed of hub 4b, if increasing, the height dimension of butt shape between scrambler 12g and sensor 13d, keeps to allow the relative displacement of quantity in the axial direction, so as mentioned above, the substrate of adjacent in a circumferential direction butt protuberance 27,27 becomes close to each other trend and becomes very remarkable.
By comparison, under the situation of present embodiment,, can prevent that the substrate of adjacent in a circumferential direction butt protuberance 27a, 27a from becoming too approaching each other by parallel portion 29a, 29b, 30a, 30b are provided.And, even the end corresponding to the substrate of protuberance 27a, 27a of the outer periphery surface of the test section of sensor 13d and scrambler 12h in the axial direction is relative, the magnetic flux flow that flows between test section that also can be by being stabilized in sensor 13d and the detected surface of scrambler 12h, the output that comes stability sensor 13d.And, even the axial displacement of hub 4b and outer shroud 3a increases greatly a little, also can detect the rotational speed of hub 4b by sensor 13d.
Two lateral edges of parallel portion 29a in a circumferential direction, 29b, 30a, 30b are all linear to be formed, but the shape of this part does not always form straight line.For example, according to sensitivity or the sensing range (aimed dia) of sensor 13d, the shape of this part can perhaps form similar circular arc with big radius-of-curvature with respect to axially tilting a little.
And, if permanent magnet of no use in described structure and the structure type of the sensor 13d that is used in combination of scrambler 12h specifically do not limit.In other words, can adopt so-called passive type sensor or so-called active type sensor, by the coil of around the pole piece that guides the flux flow of sending from permanent magnet, reeling, construct described passive type sensor, set up the magnetic detection element that changes in response to its feature of magnetic flux density in the described active type sensor.In this case, under the situation owing to the center section of facing scrambler 12f in the axial direction in the test section of sensor 13d, must detect the ratio of the length dimension of protuberance 27a, 27a on the outer periphery surface that is present in scrambler 12h on the sense of rotation respectively and recess 28a, 28a, as shown in figure 21, preferably, from the angle of this ratio of high Precision Detection, it is more less that the aimed dia of sensor 13d should form.
Because the structure of other parts and class of operation are similar among the top embodiment 8 those, so omit their repetition of explanation here.
[embodiment 10]
Figure 22 and 23 has shown embodiments of the invention 10, and it is corresponding to claim 1,2,5,7 and 19.In the present embodiment, even face the part that is arranged on outer dia side or inside diameter side vicinity of the detected surface of scrambler when the test section of sensor 13e, by the shape of front scrambler of design shown in Fig. 6 (A), output that can stability sensor 13e.In other words, under the situation of present embodiment, changing unit 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b are not separately positioned on two ends of the inside diameter side of through hole 21b, 21b and outer dia side and center section 32b, 32b, and described through hole 21b, 21b are formed among the scrambler 12i that is made by magnetic holding plate.Two marginal portions of not changing unit 31a in a circumferential direction, 31b, 32a, 32b show as respectively to be pointed on the diametric(al) of scrambler 12i.As a result, in not changing unit 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, the spacing of changing features is with respect to radially not changing on the sense of rotation of the inner surface of axial scrambler 12i as detected surface.
Under the situation of present embodiment, be similar to the top embodiment 2 shown in the accompanying drawing 6 because measure the aspect of radial load, and be similar to the foregoing description 9 by stablizing the aspect that the magnetic flux flow comes the output of stability sensor 3e, so omit their repetition of explanation here.
[embodiment 11]
Figure 24 has shown embodiments of the invention 11, and it is corresponding to claim 1 and 16.Under the situation of present embodiment, make sensor 13f, 13g, 13h the test section in the face of respectively in a circumferential direction with equidistant from distance be provided with as by three positions on the outer periphery surface of the scrambler 12j of detected surface.Then, by these sensors 13f, 13g, 13h can measure the rotational speed (for example referring to Figure 11) of hub 4a, in axial load that applies between hub 4a and the outer shroud 3 (for example referring to Figure 11) and the momentum load that between hub 4a and outer shroud 3, applies.In this case, the momentum load definition of measuring by present embodiment is for around the torque perpendicular to the virtual axis of the central axis of hub 4a and outer shroud 3.
Under the situation of present embodiment, not only can measure the axial load that between hub 4a and outer shroud 3, applies, and can measure the momentum load that between hub 4a and outer shroud 3, applies.More specifically, owing between hub 4a and outer shroud 3, apply the momentum load, when the central axis of the central axis of hub 4a and outer shroud 3 is moved, the counterpart place that the test section of sensor 13f, 13g, 13h is faced, the axial displacement that causes between hub 4a and outer shroud 3 has different manifestations.Like this, in response to the direction of momentum load, the pattern that the output signal of sensor 13f, 13g, 13h changes (relation in the amplitude of the output signal of these sensors 13f, 13g, 13h) dissimilates.And, because momentum load increase, so the difference between the output signal of sensor 13f, 13g, 13h increases.The result, if by calculating or based on test, relation and the amplitude of momentum load and relation action direction between of derivation between the amplitude of the output signal of these sensors 13f, 13g, 13h, then its input is installed in the calculation expression of the software in the arithmetic element, so not only can measure the axial load that between hub 4a and outer shroud 3, applies, and can measure the momentum load that between hub 4a and outer shroud 3, applies.
For example,, measure the axial load that applies on the counterpart, then,, calculate the momentum load from being applied to axial load on the counterpart and the diameter of scrambler 12j based on the output signal of sensor 13f, 13g, 13h.Here,, calculate axial load based on the mean value of the output signal of sensor 13f, 13g, 13h, otherwise, by the axial load of calculating respectively based on the output signal of sensor 13f, 13g, 13h is averaged, calculate axial load.Then and the situation of other embodiment similar, the signal of the rotational speed of representative axial load of Jian Ceing and momentum load and hub 4a is presented the controller to ABS or TCS by this way, and is used to control the stable posture of vehicle.
Because the structure of other parts and operational example are as being similar to top embodiment 5 or among the top embodiment 8 shown in Figure 16-18 those shown in Figure 11-13, so omit their repetition of explanation here.
[embodiment 12]
Figure 25-27 has shown embodiments of the invention 12, and it is corresponding to claim 1,19 and 21.Present embodiment is intended to the installation site by design scrambler 12g and sensor 13A, improves the measuring accuracy of the axial load that acts between outer shroud 3a and hub 4b.To explain the structural reason that needs to consider these aspects at first, below.
As mentioned above, as shown in figure 17, if, compared with the scrambler of permanent magnet manufacturing so as described scrambler by magnetic material manufacturing and the scrambler that is formed with recess and protuberance on its detected surface, the interval of the changing features of detected surface can be set at has high precision.In this case, even alternately be formed with by the magnetic material manufacturing and on its detected surface when being used in combination as the scrambler 12g of the protuberance 27,27 of frutum and recess 28,28 and magnetic detection type sensor, the variable quantity of the dutycycle of signal of sensor (high pressure cycle of output signal voltage and the ratio of low pressure cycle) becomes very little.For sensor-based output signal is accurately measured top load, even the quantity of dutycycle is very little by this way, need to use the data processing of wave filter such as low-pass filter, notch filter, sef-adapting filter etc., so that correction (removal) is included in the noise component in the output signal.Because use the data processing of the filtrator except the adaptive filtering device can produce operating lag, so stablize the aspect of control from the running status of accurate execution vehicle, such data processing is unfavorable.And sef-adapting filter can not produce operating lag, but has but increased on cost.
Under these circumstances, preferably, by producing operating lag and causing that the performed data processing of wave filter that cost increases should avoid using as far as possible, so that reduce the grade that is included in the noise component in the output signal.For the grade that reduces relevant noise component (increasing S/N ratio), the change degree of the dutycycle of the output signal that changes based on the displacement that causes by detected load should increase.For this purpose, can consider, should increase the boundary member of between protuberance 27,27 and recess 28,28 (step part) and axial angle of inclination.If this angle of inclination increases,, can increase the variable quantity of the dutycycle of per unit displacement so in response to scrambler 12g displacement in the axial direction.Yet, if the angle of inclination increases, can be formed on the protuberance 27,27 on the whole circumference of scrambler 12g and the quantity of recess 28,28 so and just reduce (width at an interval of changing features has enlarged), the number of times (pulse number) that the output signal of sensor 13A changes in the turning course of scrambler 12g has reduced like this.As a result, because such structure sees it is disadvantageous from the aspect that real-time measurement acts on the load between outer shroud 3a and the hub 4b, so according to circumstances can not adopt such structure.
In view of the foregoing formed present embodiment, make the variation of dutycycle of output signal of sensor 13A of per unit displacement of scrambler 12g increase, but must not increase boundary member and axial angle of inclination especially, this can produce the high-acruracy survey of the displacement of scrambler 12g, and then produces the high-acruracy survey to axial load.
Under the situation of present embodiment, in view of top situation, the conduct that is arranged alternately protuberance 27,27 and recess 28,28 detects scrambler 12g on the outer periphery surface on surface and assembles/be fixed on the inner end of axial hub 4b as rotation siding track ring.The sensor 13A that is supported on stationary part such as outer shroud 3a, constitutes on the universal joint etc. of suspension is positioned at scrambler 12g top, makes that the outer periphery surface of the test section of this sensor 13A and scrambler 12g is relative along top ends radially.And in the protuberance 27,27 and recess 28,28 that forms on the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12g, the width of recess 28,28 broadens at axial inner end (right side of Figure 25) in a circumferential direction, and (left side of Figure 25) narrows down in the outer end.Under the situation of present embodiment, according to such structure, the variation of the dutycycle of the output signal of the sensor 13A of the per unit displacement of scrambler 12g can increase, and therefore can use the displacement of high-acruracy survey scrambler 12g, and then can use the high-acruracy survey axial load.
More specifically, as shown in figure 26, because supporting roller bearing unit 1a, wheel predetermined altitude (radius of wheel) is arranged apart from the road surface, so the axial load that produces between the outer periphery surface of the wheel (tire) of automobile and road surface acts on wheel and supports on the roller bearing unit 1a, as the load that comprises the momentum load.Like this, by comprising the load of momentum load, between hub 4b and outer shroud 3a, produce relative displacement.For example, under the situation of (Figure 25 to right), have such trend so axial load acts on the inboard of vehicle body from the road surface on, promptly whole hub 4b moves on to the inboard of vehicle body, simultaneously by this hub of momentum load 4b swing counterclockwise in Figure 25.As a result, scrambler 12g moves right in Figure 25, and moves up.By this way, axial load is applied between hub 4b and the outer shroud 3a, and as the load that comprises the momentum load, hub 4b and outer shroud 3a just relatively move like this.In this case, effectively, increase the variation of the dutycycle of output signal, thereby based on matching in the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12g and the sensor 13A with based on the scrambler 12g of axial load generation and the direction of the relative displacement between the sensor 13A that the momentum load produces.From top viewpoint, created present embodiment.
The explanation of embodiment 8 shown in Figure 16-18 in the above can find out easily, when scrambler 12g moves right, and the change in duty cycle of the output signal of sensor 13A.Simultaneously, when scrambler 12g moved up, this dutycycle also changed.With reference to Figure 27, explain the situation of change in duty cycle when scrambler 12g moves up by this way.The relative displacement of the coordinate representation of Figure 27 between the outer periphery surface (detected surface) of the test section of sensor 13A and scrambler 12g.In this case, similarly can consider this coordinate representation magnetic flux density of Figure 27.Under any circumstance, having on the boundary member between protuberance on the outer periphery surface that is formed on scrambler 12g 27,27 and the recess 28,28 under the situation of shearing sloping portion or chamfering, perhaps under the bigger situation of the diameter (aimed dia) of the test section of sensor 13A, the waveform of the output signal of sensor 13A can not show as complete square wave so, but waveform can become near sinusoidal wave.
Waveform in output signal presents under the situation of such sine wave, be used to differentiate that the leading edge of output signal and the threshold levels of trailing edge have under the situation of steady state value so, when scrambler 12g moved to sensor 13A side, the waveform shown in Figure 27 was offset on the whole.In other words, because the distance between the test section of the detected surface of scrambler 12g and sensor 13A has shortened, so the electric pressure of output signal has improved on the whole.As can obviously finding out from the intersection point between surface curve on Figure 27 and threshold levels, the ratio that is denoted as protuberance 27,27 and is occupied the part in the one-period of output signal increases in this case, and dutycycle changes then.That is, if going up in axial (laterally), output signal moves, the dutycycle of the output signal of sensor 13A changes.
Can obviously find out as top explanation, as shown in figure 25, under the situation above sensor 13A is arranged in scrambler 12g, 12g moves up when scrambler, distance (gap) between the test section of the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12g and sensor 13A just reduces thus, and the ratio that is denoted as protuberance 27,27 and is occupied the part in the one-period of the output signal of sensor 13A increases.Therefore, if scrambler 12g is based upon in the bearing unit, thereby displacement based on the scrambler 12 that produces as the axial load that comprises the load effect of momentum load and sensing inboard (right side of Figure 25) in the axial direction, make the ratio of protuberance 27,27 increase, by making, can strengthen the variation of the dutycycle of output signal so based on the matching of momentum load in the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12g and the sensor 13A with based on the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12g and sensor 13A of axial load.Except direction in above-mentioned explanation is opposite, equally also be correct apply under the situation that loads to vehicle body outside (left side of Figure 25) from the road surface.
[embodiment 13]
Figure 28 has shown embodiments of the invention 13, and it is corresponding to claim 1,19 and 22.Under the situation of present embodiment, sensor 13A be arranged in scrambler 12g below, thereby the test section of sensor 13A is relative with the bottom as the outer periphery surface of the scrambler 12g of detected surface.And in protuberance 27,27 on being formed on the neighboring film of scrambler 12g and the recess 28,28 (referring to Figure 17,27), the width of recess 28,28 broadens on outer distolateral axial in a circumferential direction, narrows down on distolateral interior.In other words, under the situation of present embodiment, the installation site of sensor 13A is turned upside-down from embodiment 12, and the layout of recess 28,28 also with inside and outside the embodiment 12 is put upside down.
Under the situation of such embodiment, by making, can strengthen the variation of dutycycle of the output signal of sensor 13A based on the matching of momentum load in the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12g and the sensor 13A with based on the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12g and sensor 13A of axial load.If sensor 13A resemble be arranged in the present embodiment scrambler 12g below, the transversal displacement that produces by axial load is consistent with the direction of the transversal displacement that produces by the momentum load so, sees that from the aspect of the measuring accuracy that adopts load such layout is desirable thus.In this case, if sensor 13A is arranged in the below of scrambler 12g, this sensor 13A is subjected to the damage of the exotic of cobblestone of splashing such as wheel etc. easily so.Therefore, in the intensity of considering sensor 13A etc., installation site and the installation direction of decision corresponding component 13A, 12g.
[embodiment 14]
Figure 29 has shown embodiments of the invention 14, and it is corresponding to claim 1,19 and 23.Under the situation of present embodiment, have on it scrambler 12A that alternately conduct of alignment recess and protuberance detects the inner surface on surface and be fixed in the axial direction on the inner end as the hub 4b of rotation siding track ring.Make the test section of sensor 13B in the face of the upper area of the detected surface on the inner surface that is present in scrambler 12A in the axial direction.And in the recess and protuberance on the detected surface that is formed on scrambler 12A, the width of recess in a circumferential direction is radially outer distolateral broadening, and interior distolateral narrowing down.
To be applied to wheel from wheel and to support axial load on the roller bearing unit 1a in order to measure, preferably, shown in Figure 25-28, sensor 13A is relative with the detected surface on the periphery surface that is present in cylinder scrambler 12g diametrically, so that detect the variation of dutycycle of the output signal of the sensor 13A that causes based on axial load.Yet under relative with the scrambler 12A in the axial direction certain situation of sensor 13A, as shown in figure 29, this is because because restriction of installing space etc. and do not set up scrambler 12g and sensor 13A.As mentioned above, the axial load that is applied on the wheel support roller bearing unit 1a from outer periphery surface and the contact portion between the road surface at wheel acts on wheel support roller bearing unit 1a, as the load that comprises the momentum load.Therefore and top similar, the structure that sensor 13B is relative with scrambler 12A in the axial direction also can be measured axial load.
Being applied to wheel in the axial load of pointing to inboard (right side of Figure 29) by such structure in the axial direction from the road surface supports under the situation on the roller bearing unit 1a, therefore 12A moves right based on the axial load scrambler, and the spacing (gap) between the test section of the detected surface of scrambler 12A and sensor 13B reduces.Simultaneously, by the momentum load, scrambler 12A also moves up.Therefore, if by produce by the momentum load to top offset change sensor 13B output signal dutycycle institute along direction be arranged on the identical direction with direction owing to the change in duty cycle that reduces to cause of the distance that causes by axial load, the variation of dutycycle can be enhanced on the whole so.
As mentioned above, when distance when reducing, the ratio that is considered to protuberance and occupies the part in the one-period of output signal increases.Therefore, if in the mode that increases the ratio of the part that is considered to protuberance to top offset in response to scrambler 12A, setting is formed on protuberance and the recess on the inside surface of scrambler 12A, can increase the variation along with the dutycycle of the output signal of the sensor 13B of the variation of axial load (comprising the load of momentum load) so.The result, similar with present embodiment, if sensor 13B is installed in scrambler 12A top, and the width setup that is formed on protuberance on the detected surface of scrambler 12A and the recess in the recess in a circumferential direction for interior distolateral be narrow, by making, can strengthen the variation of the dutycycle of output signal so based on being consistent of momentum load in the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12A and the sensor 13B with based on the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12A and sensor 13B of axial load.
[embodiment 15]
Figure 30 has shown embodiments of the invention 15, and it is corresponding to claim 1,19 and 24.Under the situation of present embodiment, the test section of sensor 13B and scrambler 12A be present in axially on inside surface on the bottom of detected surface relative in the axial direction.And, be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler 12A and the width of the recess in the protuberance in a circumferential direction and on radially inner side, broaden, and on the outside, narrow down.In other words, under the situation of present embodiment, the installation site of sensor 13B and top embodiment 14 turn upside down, and the layout of recess is put upside down inside and outside radially.
Under the situation of present embodiment, by making, can strengthen the variation of dutycycle of the output signal of sensor 13B based on the matching of momentum load in the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12A and the sensor 13B with based on the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12A and sensor 13B of axial load.
[embodiment 16]
Figure 31 shows embodiments of the invention 16, and it is corresponding to claim 1,9,13 and 19.Similar with present embodiment, be arranged in the axial direction under situation at sensor 13d with the center section of the outer shroud 3a between rolling element 5a, the 5a of double setting, compare with the situation that scrambler 12g is provided with on the inner end of scrambler 12g in the axial direction, the effect that direction obtains that is present in recess on the detected surface of scrambler 12g and protuberance by restriction is so unobvious.In this case, even, preferably, limit described direction for the dutycycle of the output signal that strengthens a point sensor 13d.Limiting described direction in this case will discuss below.
At first, in transducer arrangements above cylinder scrambler 12g as the outer periphery surface of detected surface, thus under the situation that the outer periphery surface of the test section of sensor and scrambler 12g diametrically is relative, be present in the recess on the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12g and the width of the recess in a circumferential direction in the protuberance and increase towards inboard (right side among Figure 31) in the axial direction.Under opposite situation, in transducer arrangements below cylinder scrambler 12g, outer periphery surface with scrambler 12g is relative diametrically in the test section of sensor then, and the width of the recess in a circumferential direction in recess on the outer periphery surface that is present in scrambler 12g and the protuberance (left side of Figure 31) in the axial direction toward the outer side increases.Have under the situation of this structure, similar with top embodiment 12 or embodiment 13, by make based on the momentum load in the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler 12g and the sensor with based on the direction unanimity of the relative displacement between scrambler 12g and sensor of axial load, the variation that can increase the dutycycle of signal of sensor.
Here, suppose that sensor is arranged on the outer end of axially going up wheel back-up roller dynamic bearing unit, so from by making matching based on the momentum load in the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler and the sensor with based on the direction of the relative displacement between scrambler and sensor of axial load, the aspect of variation that can strengthen the dutycycle of signal of sensor is seen, preferably such structure, in this structure, the installation site of various piece and vergence direction are opposite fully.Yet because the restriction in space, so unlikely sensor is arranged on the outer end of wheel support roller bearing unit, therefore the value of such structure is little.
By comparison, sensor is through being normally placed in the pars intermedia office of supporting roller bearing unit with the wheel in the axial direction between the rolling element of double layout.In this case, when load that axial load and momentum load mix acts on wheel when supporting on the hub of roller bearing unit from wheel, scrambler moves under the effect of axial load in the horizontal.And hub 4b is owing to the existence of momentum load trends towards rotation.Yet, because rotation center is corresponding to the position with the installation site of the scrambler 12g between rolling element 5a, the 5a of double layout, so the upright position of scrambler 12g is seldom owing to the momentum load changes.
In this case because scrambler 12g since the influence of the variation of normal load and vertical moving to a certain degree, so even between scrambler 12g places with rolling element 5a, the 5a of double layout the time, the optimum assembly direction of scrambler 12g also exists.For example, axial load acts on the wheel that is positioned at the outside from the road surface towards the inboard of vehicle body when automobile turning, and normal load (radial load) is often owing to the influence of centrifugal force increases at that time.On the contrary, for example, lateral load acts on the wheel that is positioned at the inboard towards the outside of vehicle body from the road surface when automobile turning, and normal load reduces through regular meeting at that time.
In view of top situation, in the structure, the test section of going up the sensor 13d that is provided with the downside (road surface side) between rolling element 5a, the 5a of double layout is relative with the bottom of the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12g on shown in Figure 31.For example, when the axial load of pointing to the vehicle body outside acted on the hub 4b from the road surface, scrambler 12g was moved to the outside (left side of Figure 31) of vehicle body in the effect of this axial load.Because simultaneously normal load reduces, thus in the test section of sensor 13d and the spacing (gap) between the scrambler 12g though very little, also reduced.As mentioned above, when this spacing becomes hour, the ratio that is called as protuberance and is occupied the part in the one-period of the output signal of sensor 13d has increased.For this reason, under the situation of present embodiment, scrambler 12g is in the mode that the identification ratio of protuberance when scrambler 12g shifts to the outside of vehicle body increases, and is arranged as to increase the width of recess in a circumferential direction towards the outside of vehicle body.
[embodiment 17]
Figure 32-35 has shown embodiments of the invention 17, and it is corresponding to claim 1,10 and 11.Under the situation of present embodiment, and the embodiment 5 that describes among Figure 11-13 is similar, assembles/is fixed on the center section of hub 4a by the scrambler 12k of permanent magnet manufacturing.Be magnetized to the N utmost point and be equivalent to the part of the first detected part and be magnetized to the S utmost point and be equivalent to the part of the second detected part, in a circumferential direction on as the outer periphery surface of the scrambler 12k of detected surface with alternately alignment of equidistant from distance.Concrete, under the situation of present embodiment, be magnetized to borderline phase between the part that the N utmost point and the S utmost point correspond respectively to the first and second detected parts for the axial direction inclination equal angular of scrambler 12k, and setting with respect to each axial vergence direction and to become in the axial direction on the center section opposite directions with respect to scrambler 12k.Therefore, the part that is magnetized to the N utmost point forms similar " ㄑ " shape (crooked (dogleg) shape) with the part that is magnetized to the S utmost point, and the core in the axial direction of this shape is all given prominence to (or depression) in a circumferential direction usually.
Simultaneously, pair of sensors 13i, 13i are arranged between the rolling element 5,5 with the pars intermedia office of the outer shroud 3 of double form in the axial direction, the test section of these sensors 13i, 13i is closely near being positioned near the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12k, so that face with it.Selection about the same position on the circumferencial direction of scrambler 12k as the position relative, the test section of two scrambler 13i, 13i with the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12k.In other words, the test section of two sensor 13i, 13i is arranged on the virtual line parallel with the central axis of outer shroud 3.And, the installation site of counterpart member 12k, 13i, 13i is restricted, thereby under axial load did not act on situation between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4a, the frequent outshot (part that the vergence direction on border changes) that is magnetized to the part of the N utmost point and is magnetized to the part of the S utmost point in axial zone line along circumferencial direction is the center position between the test section of two sensor 13i, 13i just in time.
Under the situation of present embodiment of as above structure, when axial load acted between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4a, the change phase place of process of the output signal of two sensor 13i, 13i was offset.More specifically, there be not axial load to be applied under the situation between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4a, part on the solid line a that the test section of two sensor 13i, 13i is represented in the face of a among Figure 35 (A) promptly departs from the part of equal amount in the axial direction from frequent outshot.Therefore, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13i, 13i is consistent each other, shown in Figure 35 (C).By comparison, when axial load (downward in Figure 35 (A)) acts on the fixing hub 4a of scrambler 12k, the part on the dotted line b that b represents among Figure 35 (A) is faced in the test section of two sensor 13i, 13i, promptly departs from the part of the distance that differs from one another in the axial direction from frequent outshot.In this case, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13i, 13i is offset, shown in Figure 35 (B).In addition, when axial load (making progress in Figure 35 (A)) acts on the fixing hub 4a of scrambler 12k, the part on the dotted line c that c represents among Figure 35 (A) is faced in the test section of two sensor 13i, 13i, promptly departs from the part of the distance that differs from one another in the axial direction from frequent outshot reverse direction.In this case, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13i, 13i is offset, shown in Figure 35 (D).
As mentioned above, under the situation of present embodiment, on the direction of the direction of the axial load that applies between corresponding to outer shroud 3 and hub 4a, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13i, 13i is offset.And, when axial load increases, also increase in response to the phase deviation degree of the output signal of two sensor 13i, 13i of axial load.The result, under the situation of present embodiment, if based on the existence of the phase deviation of the output signal of two sensor 13i, 13i or do not exist and the direction and the quantity of phase deviation when having such skew, can derive the direction and the numerical value of the axial load that between outer shroud 3 and hub 4a, acts on respectively.
[embodiment 18]
Here, the present invention who is similar to the scrambler of embodiment 17 and the load that the pair of sensors measurement axis makes progress by use obtains implementing, and the scrambler by the permanent magnet manufacturing is not limited, as shown in the figure, in this scrambler, variation has taken place on the way in the vergence direction on the border between the first detected part and second detected portion branch.In other words, even used such scrambler and the appropriate sensor that can meet the attribute of this scrambler together each other, in this scrambler, in the first detected part and the second detected part, a detected portion branch forms through hole or shrinkage pool or recess, and another detected portion branch form adjacent through-holes in a circumferential direction or be present in shrinkage pool or protuberance between center section, also can measure axial load.In addition, if adopted such structure, in this structure, be arranged as diametrically with the relative pair of sensors of side surface as detected surface of scrambler in the axial direction and depart from, be arranged in the first detected part on this detected surface and the second detected portion branch inclined with respect to scrambler, and change at the center section vergence direction, also can measure radial load.
Figure 36-38 has shown the embodiments of the invention 18 that form in view of top situation.Under the situation of present embodiment, the scrambler 12B of magnetic holding plate manufacturing assembles/is fixed on the center section of hub 4a.Be equivalent to slit-shaped through hole 33a, the 33b of the first detected part and be equivalent to stylolitic part 34a, the 34b of the second detected part, in a circumferential direction on the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12B with the equidistant from distance arranged alternate, as detected surface.In this case, form in the spacing between adjacent through-holes 33a, the 33b or the spacing between stylolitic part 34a, 34b in a circumferential direction and be equal to each other, but in a circumferential direction the width of through hole 33a, 33b and in a circumferential direction the width of stylolitic part 34a, 34b always be not set at equal.Especially, under the situation of present embodiment, corresponding to through hole 33a, the 33b of the first detected part with corresponding to stylolitic part 34a, the 34b of the second detected part axioversion equal angles with respect to scrambler 12B, and and axial angle of inclination be set at opposite each other with respect to the center section of scrambler 12B axial.In other words, in the scrambler 12B of present embodiment, in one and half axial ones, form through hole 33a, 33a, this through hole is with respect to axially along predetermined direction inclination equal angles, and, form through hole 33b, 33b in axial another one half one, this through hole is in the opposite direction with respect to predetermined direction inclination equal angles.
Simultaneously, pair of sensors 13C, 13C are arranged in the axial direction on the center section with the outer shroud 3 between the rolling element 5,5 of double layout, and the test section of two sensor 13C, 13C is closely near being positioned near the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12B, to face with it.Selection about the same position of the circumferencial direction of scrambler 12B as the position relative, the test section of two sensor 13C, 13C with the outer periphery surface of scrambler 12B.And, the installation site of counterpart member 12B, 13C, 13C is restricted, making is not having axial load to act under the situation between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4a, be formed between through hole 33a, the 33b in case in the marginal portion 35 of continuing on the whole circumference center position between the test section of two sensor 13C, 13C just in time.
Under the situation of present embodiment of structure as mentioned above, when axial load acted between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4a, the change phase place of process of the output signal of two sensor 13C, 13C is offset, and was the same with the situation of top embodiment 17.More specifically, there be not axial load to be applied under the situation between outer shroud 3 and the hub 4a, part on the solid line a that the test section of two sensor 13C, 13C is represented in the face of a among Figure 39 (A), i.e. 35 parts that depart from equal amount from the marginal portion in the axial direction.Therefore, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13C, 13C is consistent each other, shown in Figure 39 (C).By comparison, when axial load (downward in Figure 39 (A)) acts on the fixing hub 4a of scrambler 12B, part on the dotted line b that the test section of two sensor 13C, 13C is represented in the face of b among Figure 39 (A), i.e. 35 parts that depart from the distance that differs from one another from the marginal portion in the axial direction.In this case, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13C, 13C is offset, shown in Figure 39 (B).In addition, when axial load (making progress in Figure 39 (A)) acts on the fixing hub 4a of scrambler 12B, the part on the dotted line c that c represents among Figure 39 (A) is faced in the test section of two sensor 13C, 13C, promptly departs from the part of the distance that differs from one another in the axial direction from the marginal portion reverse direction.In this case, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13C, 13C is offset, shown in Figure 39 (D).
As mentioned above, under the situation of present embodiment and the situation of embodiment 17 similar, on the direction of the direction of the axial load that applies between corresponding to outer shroud 3 and hub 4a, the phase place of the output signal of two sensor 13C, 13C is offset.And, when axial load increases, also increase in response to the phase deviation degree of the output signal of two sensor 13C, 13C of axial load.The result, under the situation of present embodiment, if according to the existence of the phase deviation of the output signal of two sensor 13C, 13C or do not exist and the direction and the quantity of phase deviation when having such skew, can derive the direction and the numerical value of the axial load that between outer shroud 3 and hub 4a, acts on respectively.
In all embodiments, preferably, the zone of the test section of sensor (aimed dia) should be done more lessly.This is because the variation of pattern should be carried out the high precision monitoring, so that the variation of the pattern of the changing features of the detected surface of detection scrambler.And the present invention is not specifically related to the structure of sensor, such as magnetic type, optical type etc.But the magnetic type sensor is preferred, and this is because such sensor can obtain at an easy rate with low cost under claimed accuracy.And, when adopting the magnetic type sensor, can adopt any kind such as passive type, active type etc.But, can preferably adopt the active type sensor, this is because such sensor can be measured by little aimed dia accurately, and can begin to measure from low speed rotation.In addition, if adopt the active type sensor, can adopt all kinds magnetic sensor that comprises monopolar type so, it is switch output (ON/OFF) in response to the variation of the magnetic flux density of passing detecting element.
For a person skilled in the art, it is evident that under the situation that does not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention, preferred embodiment that can the description of this invention carries out various variations.Therefore, the invention is intended to cover the remodeling and the modification of this invention identical with the scope of claims and equivalent thereof.
This application requires the right of priority of following Japanese patent application, the Japanese patent application JP 2004-156014 that on May 26th, 1 submitted to, the JP2004-231369 that on August 6th, 2004 submitted to, and the JP 2004-279755 of submission on September 27th, 2004, the content of above-mentioned application is incorporated in herein on the whole as a reference.

Claims (24)

1. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit comprises:
Roller bearing unit, it comprises: the Stationary side orbit ring, it does not rotate in user mode; Rotation siding track ring, it rotates in user mode; And a plurality of rolling elements, being arranged between Stationary side track and the rotation siding track, these a plurality of rolling elements are positioned on the periphery surface relative to each other of Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring; And
Load measuring unit, it comprises: scrambler, it is being supported on the part of rotation siding track ring with the concentric mode of described rotation siding track ring, and the feature of the detected surface of described scrambler is along the circumferencial direction alternate; Sensor, its state lower support relative with detected surface in the test section is on non-rotating part, and this signal of sensor changes in response to the variation of the feature of detected surface; And arithmetic element, be used for based on output signal, calculate the load that between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, applies,
Wherein, in response to the action direction of wanting detected load, continuously change spacing or phase place, by this spacing or phase place, change the feature of detected surface along circumferencial direction, and arithmetic element has such function, promptly based on a mode computation load, changes signal of sensor according to this pattern.
2. according to the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of claim 1, wherein, wanting detected load is along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises along the side surface of axial scrambler, the first detected part and the second detected part with mutual different characteristic are alternately alignd on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, and the width of the first detected part in the width of two detected parts on the circumferencial direction broadens toward the outer side along radial direction, and the width of the second detected part broadens towards the inboard along radial direction.
3. according to the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of claim 1, wherein, wanting detected load is along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises along the side surface of axial scrambler, the first detected part and the second detected part with mutual different characteristic are alternately alignd on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, border between the first detected part and second detected portion branch tilts towards the diametric(al) of scrambler, and be set at the center section that is in respect to scrambler on diametric opposite direction, and be set to the position that on the diametric(al) of scrambler, separates towards the vergence direction on diametric border, so that place the test section of the pair of sensors on therebetween the diametric(al) relative center section with the detected surface of scrambler.
4. according to any roller bearing unit in the claim 2 to 3 with load measuring unit, wherein, scrambler is made by permanent magnet, and a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is the N utmost point, and another detected part is the S utmost point.
5. according to any roller bearing unit in the claim 2 to 3 with load measuring unit, wherein, a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is through hole or shrinkage pool, and another detected part is along the center section of circumferencial direction between adjacent through-holes or shrinkage pool.
6. according to any roller bearing unit in the claim 2 to 3 with load measuring unit, wherein, a detected part in the first detected part and the second detected part is a protuberance, and another detected part is along the recess of circumferencial direction between adjacent projection.
7. according to any roller bearing unit in the claim 5 to 6 with load measuring unit, wherein, scrambler is made by magnetic material, sensor changes output signal in response to the variation of the magnetic characteristic of the detected surface of scrambler, and along radially on two ends of scrambler, not changing unit being set, not in the changing unit, the spacing of the first detected part or the second detected part is not changing on rotation direction in the radial direction at this.
8. according to the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of claim 1, wherein, wanting detected load is along the radial load of radial effect between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises along the side surface of axial scrambler, in a plurality of detected built-up sections each all comprises a pair of independent sector, described independent sector has the feature that is different from other parts, described a plurality of detected built-up section aligns on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, and at this that constitutes detected built-up section along circumferencial direction the spacing between the independent sector is changed on whole detected built-up section continuously along the direction identical with radial direction.
9. according to the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of claim 1, wherein, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, the first detected part and the second detected part with the feature of differing from one another are alternately alignd on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, and the width of the first detected part in the width of two detected parts of circumferencial direction is along axially broadening towards an end side, and the width of the second detected part is along axially broadening towards the other end side.
10. according to the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit of claim 1, wherein, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises the scrambler periphery surface, the first detected part and the second detected part with the feature that differs from one another are alternately alignd along circumferencial direction with equidistant from distance on detected surface, border between the first detected part and second detected portion branch tilts towards the axial direction of scrambler, and simultaneously, towards the vergence direction on axial border be set at respect to scrambler on the direction opposite each other of the center section of axial direction, and be arranged on the position that the diametric(al) of scrambler is separated, so that place the detected surface of the test section of axial pair of sensors therebetween and scrambler relative center section.
11. according to any the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit in the claim 9 to 10, wherein, scrambler is made by permanent magnet, and the first detected part is the N utmost point, and the second detected part is the S utmost point.
12. according to any the roller bearing unit in the claim 9 to 10 with load measuring unit, wherein, the first detected part is through hole or shrinkage pool, and the second detected part is along the center section of circumferencial direction between adjacent through-holes or shrinkage pool.
13. according to any the roller bearing unit with load measuring unit in the claim 9 to 10, wherein, the first detected part is a protuberance, and the second detected part is along the recess of circumferencial direction between adjacent projection.
14. according to any the roller bearing unit in the claim 12 to 13 with load measuring unit, wherein, scrambler is made by magnetic material, variation in response to the magnetic characteristic of the detected surface of scrambler, sensor changes output signal, and along axially on two ends of scrambler, not changing unit being set, at this not in the changing unit, the first detected part or the second detected part along the spacing of sense of rotation along axially not changing.
15. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to claim 1, wherein, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between Stationary side orbit ring and rotation siding track ring, detected surface comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, in a plurality of detected built-up sections each all comprises a pair of independent sector with the feature that is different from other parts, described a plurality of detected built-up section aligns on detected surface with equidistant from distance along circumferencial direction, and constitute detected built-up section along circumferencial direction this to the spacing between the independent sector on whole detected built-up section along continuously changing with axial identical direction.
16. according to any the roller bearing unit in the claim 1 to 15 with load measuring unit, wherein, along circumferencial direction, three diverse locations of the test section of sensor and the detected surface of scrambler or more multiposition is relative respectively, and arithmetic element has such function, promptly by comparing signal of sensor mutually, calculate the momentum load that is applied between Stationary side orbit ring and the rotation siding track ring.
17. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to claim 16, wherein, the detected surface of scrambler comprises the periphery surface of scrambler, and relative along the equidistant position of the periphery surface of the test section of each sensor of circumferencial direction and scrambler.
18. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to claim 16, wherein, the detected surface of scrambler comprises scrambler along axial side surface, and the test section of each sensor along circumferencial direction in that axially the equidistant position with the side surface of scrambler is relative.
19. according to any roller bearing unit in the claim 1 to 18 with load measuring unit, wherein, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and rotate siding track ring support/fixing vehicle wheel, and rotate together with wheel.
20. according to any roller bearing unit in the claim 1 to 18 with load measuring unit, wherein, roller bearing unit supports to the main axis rotation of lathe on the shell, in user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring assembles/is fixed in the shell or is fixed on a part on the shell, and as the interior ring of rotation siding track ring assemble/be fixed to main shaft or and a main shaft part of rotating together on.
21. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to claim 1, wherein, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, in user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and as the hub supports/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring also and wheel rotate together, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, described double interior loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end or in double on the part between the loop orbit, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the outer periphery surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the top of the detected surface on the outer periphery surface radially that is present in scrambler, and be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along axially broadening in the inner end side, and along axially outside end side narrow down.
22. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to claim 1, wherein, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and rotate together as the hub support/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring and with wheel, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, described double interior loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end or in double on the part between the loop orbit, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the outer periphery surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the bottom of the detected surface on the outer periphery surface radially that is present in scrambler, be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along axially outside end side broaden, and along axially narrowing down in the inner end side.
23. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to claim 1, wherein, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and rotate together as the hub support/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring and with wheel, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, described double interior loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the axial inner surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the top of the detected surface on the axial inner surface that is present in scrambler, and be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, broaden along the radial direction outer end side, and along radially narrowing down in the inner end side.
24. roller bearing unit with load measuring unit according to claim 1, wherein, roller bearing unit is that wheel supports roller bearing unit, under user mode, outer shroud as the Stationary side orbit ring supports/is fixed on the suspension, and rotate together as the hub support/fixing vehicle wheel of rotation siding track ring and with wheel, rolling element is arranged on every row all to be had between a plurality of double outer loop orbits and the double interior loop orbit, described double outer loop orbit is arranged on the inner periphery surface of outer shroud, and be used separately as the Stationary side track, described double interior loop orbit is positioned on the outer periphery surface of hub, and be used separately as the rotation siding track, be used to support/flange of fixing vehicle wheel is along the outer end that axially is set to hub, scrambler is fixed to hub on axial inner end, in recess and alternately alignment of protuberance as the scrambler on the axial inner surface of detected surface, wanting detected load is along the axial load of axial action between outer shroud and hub, the test section of sensor is relative with the bottom of the detected surface on the axial inner surface that is present in scrambler, and be formed on the recess on the detected surface of scrambler and the width of the recess in the protuberance along circumferencial direction, along radially broadening, and narrow down along the radial direction outer end side in the inner end side.
CN 200580016975 2004-05-26 2005-05-12 Rolling bearing unit with load measuring unit Pending CN1961203A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004156014 2004-05-26
JP156014/2004 2004-05-26
JP231369/2004 2004-08-06
JP279155/2004 2004-09-27

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CN1961203A true CN1961203A (en) 2007-05-09

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102442059A (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-05-09 精工爱普生株式会社 Printer and printing method
CN102650531A (en) * 2011-02-22 2012-08-29 日本电产三协株式会社 Rotary encoder
CN106443063A (en) * 2015-08-11 2017-02-22 Tdk株式会社 Rotary sensing device
CN107024599A (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-08-08 丹佛斯动力系统有限责任两合公司 Velocity sensor ring
CN108120846A (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-05 财团法人工业技术研究院 Rotation sensing device and rotation sensing method
CN109538631A (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-03-29 上海千歌环保科技有限公司 A kind of anti-lock pneumatic bearing
CN113063594A (en) * 2021-03-23 2021-07-02 重庆大学 Acoustic intelligent bearing and monitoring and diagnosing method thereof
US11060932B2 (en) 2017-07-28 2021-07-13 Prime Photonics, Lc Method and system for sensing high resolution shaft position and axial displacement

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102442059A (en) * 2010-10-01 2012-05-09 精工爱普生株式会社 Printer and printing method
CN102442059B (en) * 2010-10-01 2015-10-28 精工爱普生株式会社 Printer and printing process thereof
CN102650531A (en) * 2011-02-22 2012-08-29 日本电产三协株式会社 Rotary encoder
CN102650531B (en) * 2011-02-22 2016-02-17 日本电产三协株式会社 Rotary encoder
CN106443063B (en) * 2015-08-11 2019-10-11 Tdk株式会社 Rotation detection device
CN106443063A (en) * 2015-08-11 2017-02-22 Tdk株式会社 Rotary sensing device
CN107024599A (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-08-08 丹佛斯动力系统有限责任两合公司 Velocity sensor ring
CN107024599B (en) * 2015-10-14 2019-10-01 丹佛斯动力系统有限责任两合公司 Velocity sensor ring
CN108120846A (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-05 财团法人工业技术研究院 Rotation sensing device and rotation sensing method
US11060932B2 (en) 2017-07-28 2021-07-13 Prime Photonics, Lc Method and system for sensing high resolution shaft position and axial displacement
CN109538631A (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-03-29 上海千歌环保科技有限公司 A kind of anti-lock pneumatic bearing
CN109538631B (en) * 2018-11-29 2023-09-05 上海千歌环保科技有限公司 Anti-lock pneumatic bearing
CN113063594A (en) * 2021-03-23 2021-07-02 重庆大学 Acoustic intelligent bearing and monitoring and diagnosing method thereof
CN113063594B (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-04-19 重庆大学 Acoustic intelligent bearing and monitoring and diagnosing method thereof

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