CN1961122A - A reinforced soil retaining wall system and method of construction - Google Patents
A reinforced soil retaining wall system and method of construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN1961122A CN1961122A CN 200580017421 CN200580017421A CN1961122A CN 1961122 A CN1961122 A CN 1961122A CN 200580017421 CN200580017421 CN 200580017421 CN 200580017421 A CN200580017421 A CN 200580017421A CN 1961122 A CN1961122 A CN 1961122A
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- retaining wall
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Abstract
A reinforced soil retaining wall system (10) in which a plurality of blocks (12) are arranged in courses (14) to form a wall (16). Soil reinforcement is provided to the wall (16) using a plurality of lengths of strip reinforcement (18) inserted in and extending from the blocks (12), the strip reinforcement (18) being buried under compacted backfill (20) either as each course (14) is laid or after construction of the wall (16). Also disclosed is the use of a second plurality of sections of soil reinforcement, spaced apart from the first plurality of sections and arranged to extend perpendicular to the wall.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the construction method of a kind of reinforced soil retaining wall system (reinforced soil retaining wall) and a kind of reinforced earth retaining wall.The invention further relates to and be used in the piece material in the constructing of reinforced earth retaining wall and be used in one section banded reinforcement (stripreinforcement) in the constructing of reinforced earth retaining wall.
The application requires the priority of following application: the Australian temporary patent application 2004901725 that on April 1st, 2004 submitted to, the Australian temporary patent application 2004907121 of the Australian temporary patent application submission of submitting on April 5th, 2004 on December 15th, 2004901789,2004 and the Australian temporary patent application of submitting on February 23rd, 2,005 2005900832.
Background technology
Retaining wall is defined as limiting the material of wall one side to keep any body of wall of difference in height.Near slope, the track, building, and the body of wall of layering is all represented the potential load to retaining wall.The retaining wall that three main types are arranged: gravity wall, cantilever wall, and reinforced earth wall.Do not have the retaining wall of native reinforcement (soilreinforcement) to be called as on " gravity wall ", only the gravity of piece material provides keeping out the load of maintained soil here.The more expense of gravity retaining wall cost is installed, and wherein each the piece material package in the body of wall is drawn together a large amount of concrete and stone.The gravity wall depends on its quality weight and keeps soil.Excavating soil behind the gravity wall does not exert an influence to the structural strength of body of wall.Usually cantilever wall is the structure that sheet is piled up, and it is pushed to the opposing that rotation provided of also only piling up with respect to sheet by soil under maintained soil weight in the soil and obtains its support.One type cantilever wall comprises the horizontal substrate part that is embedded under the backfill, and support section for good and all is connected to base part, and vertically extends from base part, to form body of wall.Cantilever wall depends on the weight of the backfill on the base part and can not translate into to keep body of wall.
Term " reinforced earth retaining wall " is meant the retaining wall of the native reinforcement material layer that comprises basic horizontal, and wherein native reinforcement material layer is embedded under the soil that is kept by body of wall.One type reinforced earth retaining wall comprises the reinforcement of the steel mesh reinforcement form that is embedded in the maintained soil.Steel mesh reinforcement grappling concrete slab, steel plate or fill the wire basket of stone, its protective surface as retaining wall (facing), protective surface are the structures that forms the front portion of body of wall, vertical usually or inclined orientation.Protective surface prevents that soil breaks away between the reinforcement layer.Use the method in the background technology, native reinforcement must be added to all or mostly in the several piece bed of material, and the support that needs certain form is to prevent that protective surface is when moving in the compacting soil around the reinforcement.
Form the present invention to overcome at least some above-mentioned problems.
Should be clearly understood that although mention the method and/or the announcement of many background technologies here, this reference does not constitute the part that allows any of these method or announce the common practise of this area in formation Australia or any other country.Except since representation language or necessary connotation content request have other meaning, in summary of the invention of the present invention, in subsequently the description and claim, term " comprises " or its variation, for example " comprised " or " comprising " is used for a meaning that extensively comprises, that is, specify the appearance of described feature, but do not get rid of the appearance or the adding of further feature among each embodiment of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of reinforced soil retaining wall system, it comprises:
Arrange in the layer on basalis to form a plurality of blocks of material of body of wall, described body of wall has maintained side and excavates the side, each piece material package is drawn together in use towards the front surface of the described excavation lateral orientation of described body of wall, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, described rear surface is in use towards the described maintained lateral orientation of described body of wall, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its separate distance that defines the width of described block of material, and the passage of at least a portion of the described height of described block of material of extend through, and stop in first opening of described passage in described upper surface or soffit, the described passage and first opening are set to receive the first of banded reinforcement section; And
The banded reinforcement of multistage that is used for the described body of wall of grappling, every section banded reinforcement can be inserted at least one of described a plurality of blocks of material, thereby the first of described banded reinforcement section is received in the described passage of described block of material, the second portion of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to described upper surface or the calibration of soffit coplane with described block of material, and the third part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out, and is basically perpendicular to described body of wall is fixed on correct position in backfill and compacting process.
Described passage is substantially vertically directed about the described top or the base part of described block of material, after described banded reinforcement section is inserted it is shifted out needed pullout forces from described passage with maximization.
Preferably every section banded reinforcement is that elasticity is flexible.
For constructing of no mortar, described block of material may further include the gathering sill that described upper surface from described first open channel along described block of material or soffit extend, described gathering sill stops in the described rear surface of described block of material, and is set to hold the described second portion of described banded reinforcement section.Directly before backfill and compacting, the described third part of described banded reinforcement section and the described upper surface of described block of material or substrate surface coplane calibration ground are arranged, perhaps can place at angle with described body of wall during backfill and compacting.
In one embodiment, whole height of described block of material of described passage extend through, second opening that provides in the described upper surface of described block of material is provided first opening that provides from the described soffit of described block of material, it allows described banded reinforcement section to be inserted through described passage from described first opening to described second opening, the 4th part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out, and is fixing in place to be basically perpendicular to described body of wall during backfill and compacting.Directly before backfill and compacting, described the 4th part can be arranged to about the described upper surface of described block of material or soffit coplane calibration substantially, and away from described body of wall, with the opposing of maximization to pullout forces.
Valuably, described passage can be the chamber that extends to described upper surface from described soffit, described chamber is set to receive some rock ballasts (ballast), and the form of described rock ballast is the material of draining pellet (drainageaggregate) or impermeability, for example placing of concrete or cement.Described passage can be one of in a plurality of passages.
In one embodiment, described system comprises that further one or more shear pins are with the sliding motion of opposing first floor on the adjacent second layer, and may further include drainage channel, described drainage channel is set to the described excavation side of moisture from the described maintained side guiding of described body of wall to described body of wall.Described drainage channel is particularly useful for and uses the gathering of clay soil with the hydrostatic pressure of the described maintained side that alleviates any described body of wall.
In another embodiment, the banded reinforcement of described multistage be divided into be inserted at least one piece material passing part and with the described collaborative related free part of part of passing, with and be set up to stretch out from the described rear surface of described block of material and during backfill and compacting, be basically perpendicular to described body of wall and be fixed on correct position.
In other embodiments, described reinforced earth retaining wall forms the lower part of composite wall, and described composite wall is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths (transition deqth).Described top can be gravity retaining wall or cantilever retaining wall.Use this embodiment, can place native reinforcement protective barrier (barrier) in described transitional depths, its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.Described native reinforcement protective barrier can be a concrete slab, and it is used to provide the physics indication of transitional depths, perhaps can be the thin slice of plastic material, and it is used to provide the vision indication of transitional depths.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of method of constructing reinforced soil retaining wall system is provided, described system comprises a plurality of blocks of material, it is disposed in the layer on the basalis to form body of wall, by the described body of wall of soil grappling on backfill and the banded reinforcement of compacting multistage, described banded reinforcement section is connected at least a portion of the described a plurality of blocks of material of placing with working in layer, described construction method comprises the steps:
A) be provided for placing the horizontal surface of one deck piece material, each piece material package is drawn together front surface, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its apart distance that defines the width of described block of material, and the passage of at least a portion of the described height of described block of material of extend through, and stop in first opening of described passage in described upper surface or soffit, the described passage and first opening are set to receive the first of one section banded reinforcement;
B) one section banded reinforcement is inserted in the piece material that is placed in the described layer, thereby the first of described banded reinforcement section is received in described passage, the second portion of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to described upper surface or the calibration of soffit coplane with described block of material, and the third part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out;
C) the banded reinforcement section of placing described block of material and described insertion is on described horizontal surface, thereby the described third part of the described rear surface of described block of material and described banded reinforcement section is directed toward the described soil that keeps by described body of wall;
D) repeating step is a) to c), up to reaching the desired height of described retaining wall; And
E) by some soil behind the described rear surface of backfill and described block of material of compacting, the position of the third part of the described banded reinforcement section of grappling.
After step c), carry out step e) at every layer after finishing, carry out step e) after perhaps in single backfilling operation, finishing body of wall.
For constructing of no mortar, each piece material further comprises the gathering sill that the described soffit from described first opening along described block of material extends, its place, described rear surface at described block of material stops, and described gathering sill is set to hold the described second portion of described banded reinforcement section.Directly before step e), the described third part of described banded reinforcement section can with the described upper surface of described block of material and or substrate surface coplane calibration ground arrange.In one embodiment, second opening that whole height that first opening that described passage provides from the described soffit of described block of material extends through described block of material provide in the described upper surface of described block of material, and step b) comprises and inserts the step of one section banded fixture by described passage from described first opening to described second opening, thereby the 4th part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out.For this embodiment, step e) further comprises the step of the described tetrameric position of the described banded reinforcement section of grappling by some soil behind the described rear surface of backfill and described block of material of compacting.Directly before backfill and compacting, described the 4th part is arranged to about the described upper surface of described block of material or soffit coplane calibration substantially, and away from described body of wall, perhaps is arranged to about described body of wall at angle.
In another embodiment, described passage is the chamber that extends to described upper surface from described soffit, and described method further is included in each piece material or every layer of piece material is placed the step of interpolation some rock ballasts in back to described chamber.Described rock ballast can be the material of draining pellet or impermeability, for example placing of concrete.
Described construction method may further include installs the step of one or more shear pin with the sliding motion of opposing first floor on the adjacent second layer.
In yet another embodiment, the banded reinforcement of described multistage be divided into step b) insert at least one piece material passing part and with the described collaborative relevant free part of part of passing, and it is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out, and is fixed in place being basically perpendicular to described body of wall during the step e) in backfill and compacting process.
In one embodiment, described reinforced earth retaining wall forms the lower part of composite wall, described synthetic wall is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths, and described method further comprises and constructs gravity retaining wall or the cantilever retaining wall step with the described top that forms described composite wall.Use this embodiment, described method may further include the step that native reinforcement protective barrier is installed in described transitional depths, and its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.The step of the native reinforcement protective barrier of described installation comprises the step of placing concrete slab.
The piece material of the reinforced soil retaining wall system that is used to construct a first aspect of the present invention is provided according to a third aspect of the invention we.According to a forth aspect of the invention, provide the method that is used for according to a second aspect of the invention to construct the banded reinforcement section of reinforced soil retaining wall system.
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of reinforced soil retaining wall system, it comprises:
In layer, arranging on the basalis to form a plurality of blocks of material of body of wall, described body of wall has maintained side and excavates the side, each piece material package is drawn together in use towards the front surface of the described excavation lateral orientation of described body of wall, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, described rear surface is in use towards the described maintained lateral orientation of described body of wall, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its apart distance that defines the width of described block of material;
Be used for described body of wall is anchored to more than first native reinforcement parts of described backfill, described more than first native reinforcements partly are disposed between the adjacent layer of described body of wall, and stretch out from the described described rear surface that is held described block of material on the side of described body of wall; And
Described more than second the native reinforcement parts that are held some backfills and soil compacting on the side that are used to stablize described body of wall, described more than second native reinforcement parts are partly separated with described more than first native reinforcements, and are basically perpendicular to described body of wall extension during being arranged in backfill and compacting.
Described more than second native reinforcements parts can be separated with the described rear surface of described body of wall, directly close on its placement or with its contiguous contact.
In one embodiment, one or two is that elasticity is flexible in described more than the first and second individual native reinforcements parts.The length of the second portion of described a plurality of native reinforcements depends on specific application, and can equal described body of wall height at least 60%, 70% or 80%.It is useful, and the length that the second portion that promptly described a plurality of soil add has is extended the desired plane of disruption that passes through described backfill at least, and it is again the function of many factors, comprises the characteristic of the soil characteristic and the described body of wall itself of described backfill.
In described first or more than second native reinforcements parts one or two can be flat, for example the form of the banded reinforcement of the band that elongates of geographic grid (geomesh) or take.
In one embodiment, described first or more than second native reinforcements partly are arranged to about horizontal coplane each other.In another embodiment, described more than first native reinforcements partly are disposed in first floor, and described more than second native reinforcements partly are disposed in the second layer that departs from described first floor.
Directly before backfill and compacting, one or two in described first or more than the second individual native reinforcements parts can be arranged to described upper surface or the calibration of substrate surface coplane with one or more described a plurality of blocks of material.Described more than second native reinforcement parts similarly can be disposed in other height.
In one embodiment, described block of material comprises that further one or more extends to the chamber of described upper surface from described soffit, described chamber is set to receive some rock ballasts, and it can be the material of draining pellet or impermeability, for example placing of concrete or cement mortar.For the soil with poor drainage, described system may further include drainage channel, and described drainage channel is set to the described excavation side of moisture from the described maintained side guiding of described body of wall to described body of wall.
In another embodiment, described reinforced soil retaining wall system forms the lower part of composite wall, and described composite wall is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths.Described top can be gravity retaining wall or cantilever retaining wall.Use this embodiment, native reinforcement protective barrier, for example concrete slab or sheet of plastic material can be placed on described transitional depths, and its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.
When using mortar to construct described body of wall, described more than first native reinforcements partly are used between the adjacent layer that mortar remains on the piece material regularly.Replacedly, construct for no mortar, described more than first native reinforcement parts are remained between the adjacent layer of piece material regularly by gravity under the weight of the described block of material that forms described adjacent layer.
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of method of constructing reinforced soil retaining wall system, described system is included in and arranges in layer on the basalis that described construction method comprises the steps: to form a plurality of blocks of material of body of wall
A) be provided for placing the horizontal surface of one deck piece material, each piece material package is drawn together front surface, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its apart distance that defines the width of described block of material;
B) between the adjacent layer of described body of wall, arrange more than first native reinforcement parts that are used for described body of wall is anchored to described backfill, place every layer of piece material simultaneously, the described rear surface that described more than first native reinforcements partly are arranged to described block of material from the described maintained side of described body of wall stretches out;
C) place each layer subsequently, up to reaching the desired height of described retaining wall;
D) arrange that described more than second native reinforcements parts and described more than first native reinforcements partly separate, and described more than second native reinforcements are arranged to partly and are basically perpendicular to described body of wall and extend during step e); And
E) some backfills behind the described rear surface of described block of material of backfill and compacting, thereby the position of described more than first and second native reinforcement parts of grappling.
Can carry out step e) after the step b) and before step c) to each layer, or after body of wall is finished, carry out step e).Can during step e), arrange described more than second native reinforcement parts, thereby the described rear surface of itself and described body of wall is separated.
In one embodiment, described more than first and second native reinforcements partly are arranged to about horizontal coplane each other.Replacedly, described more than first native reinforcements partly are disposed in first floor, and described more than second native reinforcements partly are disposed in the second layer that departs from described first floor.
Directly before backfill and compacting, one or two in described first or more than the second individual native reinforcements parts is arranged to described upper surface and or the substrate surface coplane calibration with one or more described a plurality of blocks of material.
In one embodiment, described block of material comprises that further one or more extends to the chamber of described upper surface from described soffit, described chamber is set to receive some rock ballasts, and described method further is included in each piece material or every layer of piece material is placed the step of interpolation some rock ballasts in back to described chamber.Described rock ballast can be the material of draining pellet or impermeability, for example concrete or compo.
Described system may further include the step that one or more shear pins are installed, with the sliding motion of opposing first floor on the adjacent second layer.
In yet another embodiment, described reinforced earth retaining wall forms the lower part of composite wall, described synthetic wall is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths, and described method further comprises structure gravity retaining wall or the cantilever retaining wall step with the described top that forms described composite wall.Can native reinforcement protective barrier be installed in described transitional depths, its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.
Construct for mortar, described more than first native reinforcements parts can be used between the adjacent layer that mortar remains on the piece material regularly.Construct for no mortar, described more than first native reinforcement parts can be remained between the adjacent layer of piece material by gravity under the weight of the described block of material that forms described adjacent layer regularly.
Description of drawings
In order to help to understand essence of the present invention in more detail, only as example, describe some embodiments of reinforced soil retaining wall system in detail referring now to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the side cross-sectional view of the body of wall constructed by first embodiment according to reinforced soil retaining wall system of the present invention, described embodiment uses the position of mortar fixed block material, its illustrated block bed of material and the layout of the banded reinforcement section of grappling body of wall under backfill and soil compacting;
Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) each explanation are used to construct the isometric view of a piece material of the body of wall of Fig. 1, its explanation is inserted into the position of passage wherein at band shape reinforcement the last period of placing the piece material, position with the gathering sill of the second portion that is used to receive described one section banded reinforcement, thereby the piece material in the adjacent layer can relative to each other flush placement, with in the constructing of the body of wall that is used in no mortar;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view by the A-A cross section of the piece material of Fig. 2 (a);
The piece material of Fig. 4 key diagram 3, one section banded reinforcement inserts wherein;
Fig. 5 is the sectional view such as the optical axis such as grade by wall part, and the banded reinforcement of its expression multistage passes the piece material;
Fig. 6 is the local isometric view of body of wall, and it has constructed two-layer, and expression is used for the piece material before backfill and compacting of the first embodiment of the present invention and the layout of banded reinforcement section;
Fig. 7 is the isometric view of the body of wall finished, and expression is used for the layout of the piece material after backfill and compacting of the first embodiment of the present invention and the banded reinforcement section by two-layer block of material;
Fig. 8 is the isometric view according to the piece material of the use of second embodiment of reinforced soil retaining wall system of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the sectional view by the B-B cross section of the piece material shown in Fig. 8, and expression is inserted in the layout of the banded reinforcement section in the piece material;
Figure 10 is the local isometric view of body of wall, and it has constructed two-layer, and expression is used for the piece material before backfill and compacting of the second embodiment of the present invention and the layout of banded reinforcement section;
Figure 11 is the side cross-sectional views of the third embodiment of the present invention, and the combined wall with top and lower part is described;
Figure 12 is the side cross-sectional views of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and what expression was used to keep clay soil can not permeable layer and rhone;
Figure 13 explanation is used for the optional embodiment together used with clay soil, wherein is filled the draining pellet that forms permeable layer in the chamber of the piece material described in Fig. 8 and 9;
Figure 14 is to use the local isometric view of the body of wall of finishing that the fourth embodiment of the present invention constructs, and places thereby banded reinforcement is divided into several parts; And
Figure 15 is to use many native reinforcements parts of first between the layer and is embedded in the local isometric view of the reinforced soil retaining wall system that more than second native reinforcements in the soil of backfill partly construct, and wherein more than second native reinforcement part partly separated the layout of turning up the soil with respect to more than first native reinforcements.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of various aspects of the present invention is described in the environment of the straight retaining wall of constructing single layering now.Should be appreciated that each side of the present invention is suitable for multilayer easily or becomes the constructing of retaining wall of curved surface.Here employed term only is in order to describe certain embodiments, rather than is intended to limit the scope of the invention.Unless additionally defined, employed here all science and technology are identical with the meaning of those skilled in the art's common sense with scientific terminology.For clear, be defined in whole explanation now and state middle some terms that use.
" the excavation side " of retaining wall is the side with low soil surface height." excavation line " is to be used for the soil surface on the excavation side of body of wall and the term of the intersecting lens between the body of wall itself." the maintained side " of retaining wall is the side that has the soil with high apparent height after backfill.Term " backfill " is meant the material of any kind, normally places the soil on the maintained side of body of wall.The backfill that is placed on behind the reinforced soil retaining wall also is called " reinforcement soil " in the art.Loose backfill can be added in the load on the retaining wall, allows water to concentrate, and causes suitably grappling soil reinforcement material of settlement issues.Therefore, all backfills of compacting to be satisfying the requirement of current local compacting criteria, and term " compacting " is meant that application machine power is with the compressibility that reduces backfill with alleviate the risk that retaining wall is moved further.
" draining pellet " is free draining, normally coarse substantially and dust identical size, and it is used to promote the discharge of moisture.For best result, the draining pellet should comprise the stone grain of a plurality of enough big and same sizes so that between them, there is hole, with allow water by and should not comprise the molecule that may hinder water mobile.
" layer " is the leveling course of unlike pavers material." basalis " is the first floor of piece material, usually is placed on the top of horizontal foundation." top cover (capping) " is the last or top layer of piece material, and it can be designed to ornamental requirement.Using solid slug material (with respect to hollow) to construct top cover invades in the retaining wall to prevent water." (bond) bonds " is the layout or the pattern of the piece material from the layer to the layer.Piece is anticipated and is called as use " stretcher bond (stretcherbond) " on the plumb line that the adjacent block material is produced in front layer of center and places.
In whole manual, use term " geographic grid (geomesh) " to describe the native reinforcement of polymeric material sheet form, generally but not necessarily be the braiding structure that integrally is connected with lattice-shaped pattern x wire with vertical line.
With reference now to Fig. 1 to 7, describe first embodiment of reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 of the present invention, reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 comprises a plurality of blocks of material 12, and piece material 12 is arranged in the layer 14 to form body of wall 16.Use is inserted in the piece material 12 and provides native reinforcement from the banded reinforcement of multistage that piece material 12 extends to body of wall 16, and perhaps when every layer 14 of placement or after wall constructed 16, banded reinforcement 18 is embedded in the backfill 20 times of compacting.
With reference to figure 1,2 (a) and 2 (b), employed block of material 12 of first embodiment according to reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 comprises front surface 22, with the be separated by rear surface 24 of distance of the degree of depth that defines piece material 12 of described front surface, relative respectively side 26 and 28, the apart distance that defines the width of piece material 12, upper surface 30 and with the be separated by soffit 32 of distance of the height that defines piece material 12 of upper surface 30.In use, thereby place piece material 12 front surfaces 22 towards the excavation side 34 of body of wall 16, rear surface 24 is towards the maintained side 36 of body of wall 16.Piece material 12 further comprises the passage 40 that first opening 42 from soffit 32 extends to upper surface 30.First opening 42 can similarly be provided in upper surface 30.With reference to figure 4, passage is set to receive the first 44 of the one section banded reinforcement 18 that is used for stabilization wall 16.
Fig. 1 illustrates the body of wall 16 that uses multilayer mortar 47 to construct with the position of fixing each stone 12.Construct for no mortar, the soffit 32 of piece material 12 is provided one or more gathering sills 50, and gathering sill 50 extends to the rear surface 24 of piece material 12 from first opening 42 of passage 40.Gathering sill 50 is set to hold the second portion 46 of banded reinforcement section 18, like this soffit of the piece material 12 that subsequently layer provides in 14 ' can with following layer 14 formerly " in the upper surface 30 of piece material 12 flush placement.This is by guaranteeing that gathering sill 50 has enough degree of depth and realizes with the thickness that holds banded reinforcement section 18.Gathering sill 50 also helps banded reinforcement 18 to aim at towards the general directionality of the maintained side 36 of body of wall 16.The third part 48 of banded reinforcement section 18 is not received in piece material 12, but stretches out away from the rear surface 24 of piece material 12.
Be used to construct under the situation of reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 at mortar, gathering sill 50 is optionally not to be to occur fully.This is because the second portion 46 of banded reinforcement 18 can be accommodated in the layer of mortar 47.Therefore under the situation of using mortar, the first 44 of banded reinforcement section 18 is received in the passage 40 of piece material 12, the second portion 46 of banded reinforcement section 18 be arranged to respectively with the upper surface 30 of piece material 12 or the calibration of soffit 32 coplanes extend through mortar bed 17, and the third part 48 of banded reinforcement section 18 is arranged to and stretches out from the rear surface 24 of piece material 12 to be fixed on substantially the correct position vertical with body of wall 16 during backfill and compacting.
Make banded reinforcement section 18 bend to an angle as long as should be appreciated that, preferably spend with opposing at backfill and the after-applied pullout forces to banded reinforcement 18 of compacting to about 90, then passage 40 needn't extend through whole height of piece material 12, and wherein pullout forces makes banded fixture 18 enter tension.Preferably passage 40 is basically respectively with respect to the upper surface 30 or substrate surface 32 vertical orientations of piece material 12.Because this reason, banded reinforcement 18 can be flexibly crooked, allows its crooked an angle of 90 degrees of crossing to suitable position.Preferably passage 40 is placed towards the front surface 22 of piece material 12.
Should be appreciated that simultaneously banded reinforcement section 18 is not directly to be mechanically connected on the piece material 12.In backfill and compacting operation, fix its position effectively.In use, banded reinforcement section 18 is inserted in the piece material 12 by first opening 42, thereby first 44 is received in the passage 40 and bends to suitable position, is used to use constructing of concrete mortar thereby second portion 46 is accommodated in the layer of constructing or be accommodated in mortar 47 that is used for not having mortar in the gathering sill 50.If passage 40 extends through whole height of piece material 12, extend to upper surface 30 from soffit 32, then stop in second opening 52 that passage 40 provides in upper surface 30.Banded reinforcement section 18 can by or first opening 42 or second opening 52 pass passage 40.
The material of constructing the piece material is unessential for operation of the present invention similarly.Usually, each piece material 12 should be by cement, and the concrete that the mixture of the pellet of water and one or more types is made is constructed.The piece material can be similarly be suitable for comprising geology organic polymer (geopolymer) by known, and other material of the retaining wall of limestone or metal is constructed.The color of piece material and/or texture are also inessential and can be by for example, to cement or the geology organic polymer adds oxide or change is used for the pellet type of esthetic requirement, and are changed.
In order to help to understand better the various aspects of the first embodiment of the present invention, the method for using piece material 12 to construct reinforced earth retaining wall will be described under the situation that mortar is constructed now.Should be appreciated that reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 similarly is suitable for not having constructing of mortar, as following about of the present invention second
The description of embodiment.
First step is the position and the placement of preparing horizontal foundation 60.Excavate a zone in the maintained side of body of wall 16 holding one section native reinforcement 18 of design, its with body of wall 16 in that to excavate height on the line direct proportional and change.If soil will be used as the part of backfill 20, then any plants on surface in the soil or organic matter all should be removed.Whole length along body of wall 16 are excavated irrigation canals and ditches, but and use simple concrete slab to prepare ground 60 or use the pellet of any suitable compacting to form ground 60, but wherein the pellet of compacting for example is a rubble, roadbed pellet, gravel, or rough sand.In order to obtain best effect, ground 60 should be the whole length levels along body of wall 16.
Then basalis 62 is placed on the horizontal foundation 60.As the body of wall of constructing for any use piece material, when increasing for the wall constructed height of no mortar, it is important taking special care to place basalis, and this is because basalis any irregular in placing will be extended.When using mortar to construct retaining wall, the importance of placing basalis is more less, and this is because any irregular can being corrected by adjusting mortar quantity in the basalis placement.In order to help correctly to place basalis piece material, should use for example laser aiming instrument of graticule (not shown) or other appropriate calibration guiding device, with the placement of bootstrap block material.Should use as the horizontal indicating device of level gauge (not shown) from front to back and from the side to check the level of each piece material on the direction of side after the placement.Should use rubber hammer or other suitable champagne hammer (dead blow hammer) to adjust the position of given piece material as wanting help with respect to graticule or level gauge.
With reference to figure 1, basalis 62 is placed as the piece material partly is embedded under the excavation line 38.Being partially submerged into to basalis 62 provides reinforcement of basalis piece material is to reduce the risk of excavating the corrosion under line 38 place's bodies of wall 16.Do not require any native reinforcement that basalis 62 provides support that is used for, therefore, of the present invention block of material 12 do not need to be used in the constructing of basalis 62.Can use the piece material of any suitable size as fruit instant, comprise the solid block material.If use the hollow pot material in the constructing of basalis 62, then the cavity of hollow pot material can be filled draining pellet or non-permeable material, for example concrete or cement.When using pellet, it should be filled to guarantee the chamber by tamping, notes not upsetting the position of piece material.
In case placed basalis 62, suitable filling soil is used as the backfill 20 that is placed on behind the basalis 62.Then use the compaction apparatus of any suitable for example hand rammer or the dull and stereotyped compacting backfill 20 that rams of machinery of vibratory plate compactor for example.Carry out compacting to reach civil engineering compacting criteria applicatory, this standard can change for country variant.Can think and know that for those skilled in the art it is convention that the civil engineering that realizes finishing retaining wall authenticates desired compacting level.
Use of the present invention to expect that 12 construct second and each piece bed of material 12 in succession except that final layer 64.Before placing each layer 14 in succession, the upper surface 30 of the piece material 12 of layer that should be below is formerly removed any fragment or surfacing.This placement for following one deck piece material provides smooth surface.Further suggestion is reset graticule for each layer and with above-mentioned method usage level instrument, to help the correct calibration of piece material 12.Bonding of each successive layer is set to vertical joint 66 quilt skews usually to be used for maximum intensity.Should be appreciated that in stretcher bond is arranged and need not be placed the piece material.
Pass first opening 42 and the admission passage 40 that makes progress with reference to 5, one sections banded reinforcements 18 of figure, thereby in passage 40, receive first 44.Follow banded reinforcement section 18 and be bent, thereby arrange that second portion is to extend to rear surface 24 along soffit 32 from first opening 42.Then apply mortar bed 47, the piece material 12 that banded reinforcement section 18 is inserted wherein is placed on the piece material 12 that forms preceding one deck 14.16 the direction that is held side 36 stretches out the third part 48 of banded reinforcement 18 from piece material 12 along body of wall.After can or placing every layer 14 back or finishing body of wall 16, the backfill of the banded reinforcement 18 of correct position grappling and compacting carry out, and to carry out with the similar method of above-mentioned placement about basalis 62.
Directly before backfill, place each or all second and in succession layer 14 after, the third part 48 of directed each banded reinforcement section 18, thus it is roughly vertical with body of wall 16 and calibrate about the upper surface 30 or the soffit 32 cardinal principle coplanes of piece material 12 respectively.Then in the backfill and compacting operation below, when each third part 48 was filled soil and covers, it was maintained at this position.Valuably, the staff who use to separate in constructing reinforced soil retaining wall system of the present invention is that possible-piece material of being responsible in placing piece material 12 processes banded reinforcement 18 being inserted in the piece material 12 is placed the staff, and the soil compression staff who is responsible for the placement of directed each third part 48 in backfill after finishing body of wall and the compacting process.
In this way placing additional layer 14 is desired height up to body of wall 16.In backfill and compacting process, the weight of the backfill 20 behind the body of wall 16 can make body of wall tilt towards excavating side 34.In order to compensate this inclination, can every layer 14 about 4mm or more be set backward from layer 14 the maintained side 36 of front, thereby the body of wall of finishing 16 recedes 2% or more in backfill maintained side 36 previous dynasty towards body of wall 16.At backfill and compacting back wall 16 is vertical substantially.
If wish, last one deck 64 can adopt the form of top cover shown in Figure 7, to give the appearance that body of wall has more aesthetic requirement.Can use the water proof building adhesive that top cover 64 is fixing in place, and top cover 64 is that solid construction enters the passage 40 that provides in the piece material 12 to prevent water, wherein piece material 12 is used for wall constructed 16.
When maintained soil had low permeability, clay soil for example, draining pellet layer 104 can be placed the maintained side 36 of next-door neighbour's body of wall 16, assembled hydrostatic pressure with this side that prevents relative body of wall.
Second embodiment of of the present invention block of material of explanation in Fig. 8 to 10, for Fig. 8 to 10, identical reference marker is represented identical parts.In this embodiment, piece material 12 is provided with a plurality of chambeies 72 (in this example, two this chambeies are shown), each chamber 72 extends through whole height of piece material 12 and can be used in and above-mentioned passage 40 identical functions about described block of material 12 of first embodiment.These piece material 12 are called as " hollow pot material " hereinafter.The effective weight that an advantage using the hollow pot material is each piece material is less than the weight of the solid construction piece material of identical size, and this makes the hollow pot material be easier to carrying, piles up and places.Another advantage is that chamber 72 has the volume bigger than the passage 40 of first embodiment, and this makes one or more snippets banded reinforcement 18 insert or be simpler by piece material 12.
For constructing of no mortar, each hollow pot material 12 is provided with one or more gathering sills 50, and it is used for above-mentioned about the first embodiment identical functions.When using mortar, do not need gathering sill 50.It is not necessary providing gathering sill 50 for each chamber 72.
In order to help to understand better the various aspects of second embodiment of the invention, the method for using hollow pot material 12 no mortar to construct reinforced earth retaining wall is described referring now to Fig. 8 to 10.Should be appreciated that reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 is suitable for equally to use mortar to construct about the described similar approach of the first embodiment of the present invention.
In the process of using hollow pot material 12 wall constructed 16, place ground 60 and basalis 62 about the similar method of first embodiment with above-mentioned.After placing basalis 62, carry out backfill and compacting.
Use hollow pot material 12 to construct second and the layer (except last one deck 64) of each piece material 12 in succession.Pass through a chamber 72 with reference to 9, one sections banded reinforcements 18 of figure, thereby in chamber 72, receive first 44.Follow banded reinforcement section 18 bendings and cross basic 90 degree, thereby in gathering sill 50, hold second portion 46.First is placed in the chamber 72, towards the opposing with the maximum of tilting force on providing body of wall 16 of the front surface 22 of piece material 12.
When the hollow pot material 12 that inserts banded reinforcement section 18 was placed on the piece material of the layer 14 that forms the front, gathering sill 50 was placed towards the maintained side 36 of body of wall 16.When each new layer is placed or thereafter, the chamber 72 of hollow pot material 12 is filled some rock ballasts 76, its form is the material of impermeability, for example, and concrete, or permeable material, for example, the draining pellet.Under the situation of using the draining pellet, material should be by tamping in the chamber, to guarantee not stay the space.Rock ballast 76 helps to help to keep the position of banded reinforcement 18 with respect to chamber 72 for body of wall provides stability, and helps to resist in backfill and compacting operation moving of piece material.The draining pellet also as buffering protecting banded reinforcement can not damage, if allow banded reinforcement to contact then may be damaged with any back edge 78 in chamber 72.And because concrete has poor bending strength, pellet helps the tension force of peptizaiton on banded reinforcement 18 on the more high surface area of the interior rear surface 80 in chamber 72.
After cavity 72 has been filled some rock ballasts 76, use suitable filling soil backfill and compacting body of wall 16 about basalis 62 described methods with above-mentioned.Place second or successive layer 14 after, directly before backfill, the third part 48 of directed banded reinforcement section 18, thereby roughly vertical with body of wall 16 and about the soffit 32 of piece material 12 substantially coplanes calibrate.Then, perhaps after placing each layer 14, perhaps when finishing body of wall 16, when third part 48 was capped filling soil, it was maintained at this position.
With reference to figure 9 and 10, different and first embodiment of this second embodiment, difference is that the effective length of banded reinforcement 18 approximately is doubled, thus the 4th part 74 of banded reinforcement 18 is extended from the first 44 that receives in chamber 72.In the process of the layer 14 that backfill and compacting just have been placed, the 4th part 74 is ridden on the excavation side 34 of body of wall 16.During backfill and compacting, third and fourth part 48 and 74 is placed on one deck soil that is compacted previously, and is directed, thereby it is roughly vertical with body of wall 16, and calibrates about the upper surface 30 or the soffit 32 cardinal principle coplanes of hollow pot material 12 respectively.
In this way placing other layer 14, is desired height up to body of wall 16.If wish, last one deck 64 can be taked the form of above-mentioned top cover.Can after placing every layer 14 back or finishing body of wall 16, carry out backfill and compacting.
For the additional opposing to 14 shearings of the adjacent layer in the body of wall 16 is provided, system 10 may further include the shear pin shown in a plurality of Fig. 9, the a plurality of rectangular block material of its form for being made by concrete, before chamber 72 was filled by some rock ballasts 76, it was inserted in the chamber 72.Use that it should be noted that shear pin is chosen wantonly fully, and this is because have been found that when use coarse aggregate during as rock ballast 76, is that particle by coarse aggregate self provides to the opposing of shearing force.When chamber 72 had been filled coarse aggregate, piece material 12 was with respect to the particle displacement relative to each other that will require coarse aggregate of moving of the adjacent block material in the adjacent layer 14 in the body of wall 16.Because the normally identical size of draining pellet particle provides the additional opposing to shearing to be difficult to realize between adjacent layer.
Although more trouble is arranged, a plurality of blocks of material 12 that as shown in Figure 9 banded reinforcement 18 passed in the adjacent layer 14 are same possible.Should note providing one section banded reinforcement not necessarily, unless anticipate big overload for each piece material 12.Can think for those skilled in the art, determine that the required amount of the needed banded reinforcement of type of wall constructed certain material, its height, desired load and maintained backfill is a convention.
The 3rd embodiment of explanation reinforced earth retaining wall 10 of the present invention and piece material 12 is meant identical parts for the identical reference marker of Figure 11 in Figure 11.In the process that the construction site is constructed, first structure that retaining wall normally is mounted is thereafter other installation, and for example pipeline is electric, ground or the like.In the 3rd embodiment, system 10 comprises composite wall 90, and it is divided into top 94 and lower part 96 in transitional depths 92.The lower part 96 of composite wall is a reinforced earth retaining wall 16, and it is constructed to be similar to about the top first or second described similar approach of embodiment.Place lower part 96, carry out backfill and compacting in the maintained side 36 of composite wall 90.Then, the top 94 of composite wall 90 is constructed and is the identical gravity wall of height and transitional depths 92.Construct gravity wall 94 according to the convention of background technology.
The form of reinforcing bar cantilever wall similarly can be taked in top 94, and it is that its back cavity 72 is filled concrete so that steel bar is remained on correct position by the chamber 72 of the piece material of placing the top 94 of a plurality of steel bar (not shown) by being used to construct composite wall 90.In transitional depths 92, a plurality of shear pins 82 can be installed in the piece material 12 of the superiors of lower part 96 of composite wall 90, to provide the opposing of top 94 with respect to the shearing of lower part 96.
The 3rd embodiment is based on this realization, and promptly the top 0.1-0.9 rice of retaining wall is by self-supporting effectively.Transitional depths 92 partly depends on and will be constructed in any installation that is held the side of body of wall or the desired degree of depth of structure, but the expection transitional depths can not surpass 1 meter, and about 0.4-0.6 rice under the final desired height of composite wall 90 more possibly.
Can native reinforcement protective barrier 98 be installed in transitional depths 92, it is about top 14 upper surface 30 coplanes calibration substantially of lower part 96.Barrier 98 is not damaged with the banded reinforcement 18 of protection in the contiguous building operation of finishing retaining wall, afterwards as vision or physics boundary line.Therefore, barrier 98 can be taked the form of the flat plastic batten that approaches, and it provides the vision that reaches transitional depths indication in excavation afterwards.Alternatively, barrier 98 can adopt the form of concrete slab, and it provides the physical barriers to penetrating in excavation afterwards, and the supplementary protection to following banded reinforcement 18 is provided.
The 4th embodiment of explanation system 10 of the present invention and piece material 12 represents identical parts for Figure 12 reference marker identical with 13 in Figure 12 and 13.This embodiment is designed to handle and the problem of using backfill to be associated especially, and wherein backfill is the clay soil that for example has low-down infiltration speed.The low infiltrative result of soil is that backfill 20 can become saturated in time, and for example owing to precipitation, this causes being stored in the gathering that is held the water on the side 32 of body of wall 16.This just makes the hydrostatic pressure on the body of wall 16 rise, and pushes the maintained side 32 of body of wall 16 effectively.
A method that overcomes this problem is the permeable layer 104 of placing the permeable material of vertical orientation adjacent to the maintained side 32 of body of wall 16, draining pellet for example, to allow water to discharge from the body of wall back by drainage channel 106 under gravity, wherein drainage channel 106 is placed and is being excavated on the line 38 towards the substrate of body of wall 16 and extends to the excavation side 34 of body of wall 16 from permeable layer 104.Usually the draining pellet comprises the stone grain of a plurality of enough big and same sizes, so that hole appears between them, and with passing through of permission water.Can work as and place every layer more than 14 parts of time-division and place permeable layer 104, extend by permeable layer 104, in the soil 20 with the backfill that is anchored at permeable layer 104 back and compacting to guarantee several sections banded reinforcements 18.In addition with above-mentioned about any one similar approach among the embodiment of front wall constructed 16.
The draining pellet can easily be moved by the workman in backfill and compacting or placement operation, and the piece material is placed the staff must remove stones that all become flexible before one deck piece material under placing.In addition, permeable layer 104 is not a self-supporting, and this may cause using than needed thicker layer, causes the material and the mounting cost that increase.
In order to alleviate this potential problem, the hollow pot material of second embodiment is specially adapted to clay soil.Be filled the draining pellet as fruit caving 72, then wall itself can be as the function of permeable layer 104, the gathering sill that provides in each hollow pot material 12 50 is as the effect of a plurality of drainage channels 106, its each water is directed to the chamber 72 of filling the draining pellet from the maintained side 36 of body of wall 16.In this embodiment, the piece material 12 that uses in the constructing of basalis 62 is reversed, thereby gathering sill is directed to the excavation side 34 of body of wall 16 with water from permeable layer 104, discharges wall itself to allow water.
Can change the size of gathering sill 50 and structure to be fit to rainfall, with known drainability faster rate draining from maintained soil than maintained backfill 20 for the maximum predicted in given geographical position.The permeable layer 104 interior liquid that gathered that defined by the filling chamber 72 of hollow pot material 12 produce head (head of pressure), and it promotes gathering sill 50 outflows of liquid by the piece material 12 of the upset of formation basalis 62.
Should be appreciated that basalis 62 in the 4th embodiment needs not to be uses the hollow pot material 12 of upset to construct, similarly can use the solid slug material of first embodiment or the solid slug material of any other type to construct, as long as body of wall 16 is provided the drainage channel 106 of at least one suitable size, flowing of liquid is directed to the excavation side 34 of body of wall 16 in the permeable layer 104.
The 5th embodiment of explanation system 10 of the present invention and piece material 12 represents identical parts for the identical mark of Figure 14 in Figure 14.About first and second embodiment summary, every section banded reinforcement 18 is directly and the expectation of body of wall 16 finally highly proportional as top.This makes for high body of wall, particularly is difficult to realize that for being higher than about 1.6 meters body of wall banded reinforcement 18 passes passage 40 or chamber 72 from the beginning to the end.Increase along with the body of wall height, chamber 72 or passage 40 that not only banded reinforcement 18 passes each piece material 12 become difficult more, and the common processing of the banded reinforcement 18 of long section becomes difficult more, wherein when attempting to place every layer 14 of piece material 12, banded reinforcement 18 is tending towards curling and being easier to stab bad.
Overcome this problem in the 5th embodiment, this is by banded reinforcement section being divided into the short free part 102 of passing part 100 and growing.What each was short passes part 100 to pass piece material 12 with above-mentioned inserting about any one similar method among first three embodiment.Then in backfill and compacting operation, perhaps after finishing every layer 14 back or finishing body of wall 16, long free part 102 separation are placed.Each free part 102 can be fixedly joined to passes part 100 accordingly or is placed, thus any degree of depth substantially vertically in backfill 20, and the body of wall 16 from maintained side 32 extends out.
After backfill and compacting, is identical with passing the combined effect that part 100 places free part 102 discretely and/or interdependently with placing a continuous banded reinforcement section 18, as long as free part 102 extends out from the maintained side 32 of body of wall 16, pass through the desired plane of disruption (plane of rupture) 108 of backfill 20 at least.The plane of disruption 110 extends with the β angle with respect to the excavation line 38 of body of wall 16, and angle beta is Rankin angle (or angle of internal friction), and it is the function of the type of maintained backfill 20.
Use the further advantage of this embodiment, even for short body of wall be its allow to use the staff that separates-be responsible for will pass part 100 be inserted into piece material in the piece material 12 place the staff and load on backfill and compacting during place the soil compression staff of free part 102.
Recognize that further passing part 100 and free part 102 needs not to be form with the banded reinforcement 18 of multistage, but similarly can use netted or tabular reinforcement, for example, geographic grid.Therefore Figure 15 illustrates reinforced soil retaining wall system 110, represents identical parts for the identical reference marker of Figure 15.The piece material 112 of this embodiment can be the piece material that is used for constructing any type of reinforced soil retaining wall or any one block of material 12 of above-mentioned first to the 5th embodiment.Reinforced soil retaining wall system 110 comprises more than first native reinforcement parts 114 that are used for body of wall 16 is anchored to backfill 20, be arranged in the adjacent layer 14 ' and 14 of body of wall 16 " between more than first native reinforcement parts 114, its rear surface 24 that is held the piece material 112 on the side 36 from body of wall 16 stretches out.In the described embodiment of Figure 15, the form of the part of the weak point of more than first native reinforcement part 114 employing geographic grids.With reference to Figure 14, should be appreciated that and use elongated band, the part 100 of passing for example shown in Figure 14 can provide more than first native reinforcement part 114 equally, and elongated band needn't pass the piece material, as long as they are disposed in adjacent layer 14 ' and 14 " between and stretch out from the rear surface 24 that is held the piece material 112 on the side 36 of body of wall 16.
Reinforced soil retaining wall system 110 further comprises more than second native reinforcement part 116, it is used for backfill and soil compacting on the maintained side 36 of stabilization wall 16, native reinforcement part 116 more than second is separated with more than first native reinforcement parts 114, and is arranged in during backfill and the compacting substantially and body of wall 16 vertically extends.With reference to Figure 15, provide more than second native reinforcement part 116 with the form of the geographical waffle slab in big plane, it is separated with individual native reinforcement part 114 more than first.Although geographic grid is preferred, can use the native reinforcement of other type with suitable material, suitable material is those aging-resistant materials and have enough tensile strength in use to carry the material of desired load in special soil environment.
In Figure 15, place the maintained side 36 of more than second native reinforcement part 114 next-door neighbour's bodies of wall 16.Should be appreciated that more than second that a native reinforcement part 114 similarly may separate with the rear surface 24 of piece material 12 on the maintained side 36 of body of wall 16.
In the described embodiment of Figure 15, native reinforcement part 114 more than first and second and 116 is arranged in the layout of horizontal coplane relative to each other respectively, more than first native reinforcement part 116 is disposed in more than 118, the second native reinforcement parts 116 of first floor and is disposed in from the second layer 120 of first floor 118 skews.Interval between the first floor 118 and the second layer 120 can depend on many factors vary respectively, but does not wish usually above 1 meter.
More than first native reinforcement part 114 directly arranged with one or more a plurality of blocks of material 112 upper surface 30 or the calibrations of substrate surface 32 coplanes separately before backfill and compacting.More than second native reinforcement part 116 needn't be arranged with upper surface 30 or the calibration of substrate surface 32 coplanes respectively, but can be arranged that similarly plane 122 is intersected at the height and the piece material 112 that are between upper surface 30 or the substrate surface 32 with plane 122 calibrations.
More than first native reinforcement part 114 can use mortar to be remained on the adjacent layer 14 ' and 14 of piece material 112 regularly " between, perhaps under the natural weight of the piece material that forms above-mentioned layer, keep by gravity.
Depend on many factors, the type and the quality that comprise the soil that is used for backfill 20, native reinforcement part 114 more than one section second can equal at least body of wall 16 height 60%, 70% or 80%, and should extend through the backfill 20 desired planes of disruption 108 at least.Can think, determine that for those skilled in the art special quantity and the length of using needed more than second native reinforcement parts 114 is convention, it depends on following factor, as slope stability, the angle of internal friction degree β of soil, moist unit weight of soil cohesiveness and soil (moist unit weight) and following factor, as the height of body of wall, any overload and top ramp angles.For example, for the soil of difference quality, may require more substantial more than second native reinforcement parts 114 so that enough stability to be provided to body of wall.When using bigger quantity, the tensile strength of each unitary part needn't be the same big with the less load of each unitary part carrying.
As shown in figure 15, wall constructed 16 above can using about the described hollow pot material of second embodiment, except not needing gathering sill 50.The chamber 72 of hollow pot material 112 is set to receive more aforesaid rock ballasts 76, rock ballast 76 or draining pellet or non-permeable material, and for example concrete is added to chamber 72, and is placed apart with piece material 112.If desired, can provide one or more shear pins 82, with the opposing first floor 14 ' at the adjacent second layer 14 " on sliding motion.Also can provide drainage channel 106 if desired, it is set to moisture is directed to from the maintained side 36 of body of wall 16 the excavation side 34 of body of wall 16, it is useful especially during for clay soil when backfill 20, to alleviate otherwise may be applied to hydrostatic pressure on the body of wall 16.Reinforced soil retaining wall system 110 similarly is applicable to method similar to the above constructs composite wall 90.
With reference now to Figure 15, is described in no mortar and constructs under the situation, construct an embodiment of the method for reinforced earth retaining wall 110.Should be appreciated that reinforced soil retaining wall system 110 is applicable to that similarly mortar constructs, using mortar fraction ground is in order to fix the position of individual native reinforcement part 114 more than first between adjacent layer 14.
In backfill and compacting process, place more than second native reinforcement parts 116, itself or can place each layer 14 after carry out, perhaps can after finishing body of wall 16, carry out, and to carry out about placing basalis 62 similar methods with above-mentioned.Arrange more than second native reinforcement part 116, thereby they and more than first native reinforcement part 114 are separated, and during the backfill and compacting of some backfills 20 behind the rear surface 24 of piece material 112, be basically perpendicular to body of wall 16 and extend, thus the position of more than first native reinforcement parts 114 of grappling and more than second native reinforcement parts 116 respectively.Place other layer 14 with this method, up to body of wall 16 to desired height.
If wish, last one deck 64 can be taked the form of the described top cover of Fig. 7, to give the appearance that body of wall has more aesthetic requirement.When maintained soil has low permeability, clay soil for example, one deck draining pellets 104 are placed in the maintained side 36 that can be close to body of wall 16, with the formation of the hydrostatic pressure of this side of preventing relative body of wall.
If use the hollow pot material wall constructed 16, then construction method further comprises or at each piece material or after every layer of piece material is placed, with above-mentioned similar approach about second embodiment add some rock ballasts 76 to the chamber 72 step.When using shear pin 82 opposing first floors 14 ' at the adjacent second layer 14 " on the situation of sliding motion under, the placement of more than first native reinforcement part 114 should not be disturbed in its placement.Therefore, can between each second layer 14 of piece material 112, provide shear pin 82, more than first native reinforcement part 114 is provided between rest layers.
Described the preferred embodiments of the present invention now in detail, the present invention compared with prior art has many advantages, comprising:
A) the hollow pot material of light weight allows Fast Installation and reduces the possibility of the piece material being placed staff's the injury relevant with work;
B) banded reinforcement is not mechanically connected on the piece material, thereby has reduced the composition cost (component cost) of piece material and the labour hour that is associated with the mounting blocks material.It has also reduced the possibility that improperly reinforcement is connected to facing block (facing block);
C) the piece material can be manufactured the rectangular shape of standard and place with the interlocking of the standard pattern of laying bricks, it has increased the aesthetic beauty of body of wall and has increased its intensity.Marked down ground of piece material and manufacturing in a large number easily, this is because will not join in the piece material by machanical fastener; And
D) system does not require that banded reinforcement connects to the direct mechanical of piece material, and it allows to use plastics to replace galvanized steel, and this has just reduced the expense of material.Use the method for prior art, need the hole in banded reinforcement, because most of plastic material has poor shear resistant, it makes and does not allow to use plastics.
Various equivalent modifications be it is evident that to carry out many variations and modification and can not break away from basic invention thought.For example, the front surface of piece material needs not to be the plane, but can be provided different shapes or surface texture in the excavation side of body of wall.Similarly, walling system may further include protective or decorative panel (not shown), and it is applied to the excavation side of body of wall after constructing, to change its esthetic requirement.Although in all described embodiment, the banded reinforcement of single hop is inserted in each piece material, similarly allows the banded reinforcement of multistage to be placed in the passage or chamber of single block of material.The present invention similarly is applicable to constructing of layering retaining wall, and it is by building a plurality of bodies of wall, and each top body of wall is from the indentation backward of following body of wall.It can be attractive that the wall of layering replaces single high-wall, and can provide area for greening.In order to prevent that the top body of wall from applying load on the body of wall of bottom, the top body of wall should be built in a segment distance behind the body of wall of bottom, and it is at least the twice of lower walls height degree.All such modifications and variation are considered to be in the scope of the present invention, determine its essence from the description of front and the claim of enclosing.
Claims (81)
1, a kind of reinforced soil retaining wall system, it comprises:
In layer, arranging on the basalis to form a plurality of blocks of material of body of wall, described body of wall has maintained side and excavates the side, each piece material package is drawn together in use towards the front surface of the described excavation lateral orientation of described body of wall, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, described rear surface is in use towards the described maintained lateral orientation of described body of wall, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its separate distance that defines the width of described block of material, and the passage of at least a portion of the described height of described block of material of extend through, stop in first opening of described passage in described upper surface or soffit, the described passage and first opening are set to receive the first of one section banded reinforcement; And
The banded reinforcement of multistage that is used for the described body of wall of grappling, every section banded reinforcement can be inserted at least one of described a plurality of blocks of material, thereby the first of described banded reinforcement section is received in the described passage of described block of material, the second portion of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to described upper surface or the calibration of soffit coplane with described block of material, and the third part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out, and is basically perpendicular to described body of wall is fixed on correct position in backfill and compacting process.
2, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said passage is substantially vertically directed about the described top or the base part of described block of material.
3, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein every section banded reinforcement is flexibly flexible.
4, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 3, wherein said block of material further comprises the gathering sill that described upper surface from described first open channel along described block of material or soffit extend, described gathering sill stops in the described rear surface of described block of material, and is set to hold the described second portion of described banded reinforcement section.
5, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 4, wherein directly before backfill and compacting, the described third part of described banded reinforcement section and the described upper surface of described block of material or substrate surface coplane calibration ground are arranged.
6, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 5, second opening that provides in the described upper surface of described block of material is provided first opening that whole height of wherein said passage by described block of material provide from the described soffit of described block of material.
7, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 6, wherein one section banded reinforcement is inserted through described passage from described first opening to described second opening, and the 4th part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out, and is fixing in place to be basically perpendicular to described body of wall during backfill and compacting.
8, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 7, wherein directly before backfill and compacting, described the 4th part is arranged to about the described upper surface of described block of material or soffit coplane calibration substantially, and away from described body of wall.
9, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 8, wherein said passage is the chamber that extends to described upper surface from described soffit, and described chamber is set to receive some rock ballasts.
10, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 10, wherein said rock ballast are the draining pellets.
11, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 10, wherein said rock ballast right and wrong are infiltrative.
12, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 11, wherein said passage is one of in a plurality of passages.
13, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 12, it comprises that further one or more shear pins are with the sliding motion of opposing first floor on the adjacent second layer.
14, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 13, it further comprises drainage channel, and described drainage channel is set to the described excavation side of moisture from the described maintained side guiding of described body of wall to described body of wall.
15, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 14, the banded reinforcement of wherein said multistage be divided into be inserted at least one piece material passing part and with the described collaborative related free part of part of passing, with and be set up to stretch out from the described rear surface of described block of material and during backfill and compacting, be basically perpendicular to described body of wall and be fixed on correct position.
16, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 1 to 15, it forms the lower part of composite wall, and described composite wall is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths.
17, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 16, wherein said top are the gravity retaining wall.
18, as claim 16 or 17 described reinforced soil retaining wall systems, it further is included in the native reinforcement protective barrier of described transitional depths, and its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.
19, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said native reinforcement protective barrier is a concrete slab.
20, a kind of method of constructing reinforced soil retaining wall system, described system is included in and arranges in layer on the basalis to form a plurality of blocks of material of body of wall, by the described body of wall of soil grappling on backfill and the banded reinforcement of compacting multistage, described banded reinforcement section is connected at least a portion of the described a plurality of blocks of material of placing with working in layer, described construction method further comprises the steps:
A) be provided for placing the horizontal surface of one deck piece material, each piece material package is drawn together front surface, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its apart distance that defines the width of described block of material, and the passage of at least a portion of the described height of described block of material of extend through, and stop in first opening of described passage in described upper surface or soffit, the described passage and first opening are set to receive the first of one section banded reinforcement;
B) one section banded reinforcement is inserted in the piece material that is placed in the described layer, thereby the first of described banded reinforcement section is received in described passage, the second portion of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to described upper surface or the calibration of soffit coplane with described block of material, and the third part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out;
C) the banded reinforcement section of placing described block of material and described insertion is on described horizontal surface, thereby the described third part of the described rear surface of described block of material and described banded reinforcement section is directed toward the described soil that is kept by described body of wall;
D) repeating step is a) to c), up to reaching the desired height of described retaining wall; And
E) by some soil behind the described rear surface of backfill and described block of material of compacting, the position of the described third part of the described banded reinforcement section of grappling.
21, construction method as claimed in claim 20 wherein carries out step (e) at every layer after finishing after step (c).
22, as claim 20 or 21 described construction methods, wherein constructing is no mortar, and each piece material further comprises the gathering sill that the described soffit from described first opening along described block of material extends, and its place, described rear surface at described block of material stops, and described gathering sill is set to hold the described second portion of described banded reinforcement section.
23, as any one described construction method in the claim 20 to 22, wherein directly before in step (e), the described third part of described banded reinforcement section and the described upper surface of described block of material and or substrate surface coplane calibration layout.
24, as any one described construction method in the claim 20 to 23, second opening that whole height that first opening that wherein said passage provides from the described soffit of described block of material extends through described block of material provide in the described upper surface of described block of material, and step (b) comprises and inserts the step of one section banded reinforcement by described passage from described first opening to described second opening, thereby the 4th part of described banded reinforcement section is arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretches out.
25, construction method as claimed in claim 24, wherein step (e) further comprises the step of the described tetrameric position of the described banded reinforcement section of grappling by some soil behind the described rear surface of backfill and described block of material of compacting.
26, construction method as claimed in claim 25, wherein directly before backfill and compacting, described the 4th part is arranged to about the described upper surface of described block of material or soffit coplane calibration substantially, and away from described body of wall.
27, as any one described construction method in the claim 20 to 26, wherein said passage is the chamber that extends to described upper surface from described soffit, and described method further is included in each piece material or every layer of piece material is placed the step of interpolation some rock ballasts in back to described chamber.
28, construction method as claimed in claim 27, wherein said rock ballast are the draining pellets.
29, construction method as claimed in claim 27, wherein said rock ballast right and wrong are infiltrative.
30, as any one described construction method in the claim 20 to 29, it further comprises installs the step of one or more shear pin with the sliding motion of opposing first floor on the adjacent second layer.
31, as any one described construction method in the claim 20 to 30, the banded reinforcement of wherein said multistage be divided into step (b) insert at least one piece material passing part and with the described collaborative related free part of part of passing, with and be arranged to from the described rear surface of described block of material and stretch out, and during step (e), in backfill and compacting process, be basically perpendicular to described body of wall and be fixed in place.
32, as any one described construction method in the claim 20 to 31, wherein said reinforced earth retaining wall forms the lower part of composite wall, described composite wall is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths, and described method further comprises structure gravity retaining wall or the cantilever retaining wall step with the described top that forms described composite wall.
33, construction method as claimed in claim 32, it further is included in the step that described transitional depths is installed native reinforcement protective barrier, and its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.
34, construction method as claimed in claim 33, the step of wherein said installation soil reinforcement protective barrier comprises the step of placing concrete slab.
35, a kind of piece material that is used for constructing any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system of claim 1 to 19.
36, a kind of banded reinforcement section that is used for constructing any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system of claim 1 to 19.
37, a kind of reinforced soil retaining wall system, it comprises:
In layer, arranging on the basalis to form a plurality of blocks of material of body of wall, described body of wall has maintained side and excavates the side, each piece material package is drawn together in use towards the front surface of the described excavation lateral orientation of described body of wall, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, and described rear surface is in use towards the described maintained lateral orientation of described body of wall, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its apart distance that defines the width of described block of material;
Be used for described body of wall is anchored to more than first native reinforcement parts of backfill, described more than first native reinforcements partly are disposed between the adjacent layer of described body of wall, and stretch out from the described described rear surface that is held described block of material on the side of described body of wall; And
Described more than second the native reinforcement parts that are held some backfills and soil compacting on the side that are used to stablize described body of wall, described more than second native reinforcement parts are partly separated with described more than first native reinforcements, and are basically perpendicular to described body of wall extension during being arranged in backfill and compacting.
38, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said more than second native reinforcement parts are separated with the described rear surface of described body of wall.
39, as claim 37 or 38 described reinforced soil retaining wall systems, one or two is that elasticity is flexible in wherein said first or more than second native reinforcement parts.
39, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 38, wherein said body of wall have length that height and the second portion of described a plurality of native reinforcements have equal described body of wall described height at least 60%.
40, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 39, wherein said body of wall have length that height and the second portion of described a plurality of native reinforcements have equal described body of wall described height at least 70%.
41, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 40, wherein said body of wall have length that height and the second portion of described a plurality of native reinforcements have equal described body of wall described height at least 80%.
42, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in claim 37 or 38, the second portion of wherein said a plurality of native reinforcements has length, and it extends the desired plane of disruption that passes through described backfill at least.
43, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 42, one or two in wherein said first or more than the second individual native reinforcements parts is the plane.
44, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 42, one or two in wherein said first or more than the second individual native reinforcements parts is geographic grid.
45, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 42, one or two in wherein said first or more than second native reinforcements parts is the form of elongated band.
46, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 45, wherein said first or more than second native reinforcements partly are arranged to about horizontal coplane each other.
47, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 45, wherein said more than first native reinforcements partly are disposed in first floor, and described more than second native reinforcements partly are disposed in the second layer that departs from described first floor.
48, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 47, wherein directly before backfill and compacting, one or two in described first or more than second native reinforcements parts is arranged to described upper surface or the calibration of substrate surface coplane with one or more described a plurality of blocks of material.
49, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 48, wherein said block of material comprises that further one or more extends to the chamber of described upper surface from described soffit, and described chamber is set to receive some rock ballasts.
50, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 49, wherein said rock ballast are the draining pellets.
51, reinforced soil retaining wall system as claimed in claim 50, wherein said rock ballast right and wrong are infiltrative.
52, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 51, it further comprises one or more shear pins, with the sliding motion of opposing first floor on the adjacent second layer.
53, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 52, it further comprises drainage channel, and described drainage channel is set to the described excavation side of moisture from the described maintained side guiding of described body of wall to described body of wall.
54, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 53, it forms the lower part of composite wall, and the described wall that is combined into is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths.
55, the reinforced soil retaining wall system described in claim 54, wherein said top are the gravity retaining walls.
56, the reinforced soil retaining wall system described in claim 54 or 55, it further is included in the native reinforcement protective barrier of described transitional depths, and its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.
57, the reinforced soil retaining wall system described in claim 56, wherein said native reinforcement protective barrier is a concrete slab.
58, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 57, wherein use mortar, described more than first native reinforcement parts are remained between the adjacent layer of piece material regularly.
59, as any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system in the claim 37 to 57, wherein said more than first native reinforcement parts are remained between the adjacent layer of piece material regularly by gravity under the weight of the described block of material that forms described adjacent layer.
60, a kind of method of constructing reinforced soil retaining wall system, described system are included in arranges in layer on the basalis that described construction method comprises the steps: to form a plurality of blocks of material of body of wall
A) be provided for placing the horizontal surface of one deck piece material, each piece material package is drawn together front surface, with the be separated by rear surface of distance of the degree of depth that defines described block of material of described front surface, upper surface, with the be separated by soffit of distance of the height that defines described block of material of described upper surface, relative side surface, its apart distance that defines the width of described block of material;
B) arrange more than first native reinforcement parts that are used for described body of wall is anchored to described backfill between the adjacent layer at described body of wall when placing every layer of piece material, the described rear surface that described more than first native reinforcements partly are arranged to described block of material from the described maintained side of described body of wall stretches out;
C) place each layer subsequently, up to reaching the desired height of described retaining wall;
D) arrange that more than second native reinforcements parts and described more than first native reinforcements partly separate, and described more than second native reinforcements are arranged to partly and are basically perpendicular to described body of wall and extend during step (e); And
Some backfills when e) backfill is with pressure behind the described rear surface of described block of material, thereby the positions of described more than first and second native reinforcement parts of grappling.
61, construction method as claimed in claim 60 is wherein in step (b) back and in the preceding step (e) of carrying out of step (c).
62, as claim 61 or 62 described construction methods, wherein during step (e), arrange described more than second native reinforcement parts, thus itself and the described rear surface separation of described body of wall.
63, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 62, wherein said more than first and second native reinforcements partly are arranged to about horizontal coplane each other.
64, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 62, wherein said more than first native reinforcements partly are disposed in first floor, and described more than second native reinforcements partly are disposed in the second layer that departs from described first floor.
65, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 64, wherein directly before backfill and compacting, one or two in described first or more than second native reinforcements parts is arranged to described upper surface or the calibration of substrate surface coplane with one or more described a plurality of blocks of material.
66, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 65, wherein said block of material comprises that further one or more extends to the chamber of described upper surface from described soffit, described chamber is set to receive some rock ballasts, and described method further is included in each piece material or every layer of piece material is placed the step of interpolation some rock ballasts in back to described chamber.
67, as the described construction method of claim 66, wherein said rock ballast is the draining pellet.
68, as the described construction method of claim 66, wherein said rock ballast right and wrong are infiltrative.
69, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 68, it further comprises installs the step of one or more shear pins with the sliding motion of opposing first floor on the adjacent second layer.
70, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 69, wherein said reinforced earth retaining wall forms the lower part of composite wall, described composite wall is divided into top and described lower part in transitional depths, and described method further comprises structure gravity retaining wall or the cantilever retaining wall step with the described top that forms described composite wall.
71, as the described construction method of claim 70, it further is included in the step that described transitional depths is installed native reinforcement protective barrier, and its superiors' cardinal principle coplane with the piece material of the described lower part that forms described composite wall is calibrated.
72, as the described construction method of claim 71, the step of wherein said installation soil reinforcement protective barrier comprises the step of placing concrete slab.
73, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 72, wherein use mortar, described more than first native reinforcement parts are remained between the adjacent layer of piece material regularly.
74, as any one described construction method in the claim 60 to 72, wherein said more than first native reinforcement parts are remained between the adjacent layer of piece material regularly by gravity under the weight of the described block of material that forms described adjacent layer.
75, a kind of piece material that is used for constructing any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system of claim 1 to 19.
76, a kind of banded reinforcement section that is used for constructing any one described reinforced soil retaining wall system of claim 1 to 19.
77, a kind of basic as described with reference to the accompanying drawings here and reinforced soil retaining wall system as shown in drawings.
78, a kind of method basic as described with reference to the accompanying drawings here and that construct reinforced soil retaining wall system as shown in drawings.
79, a kind of basic as described with reference to the accompanying drawings here and be used to construct the piece material of reinforced soil retaining wall system as shown in drawings.
80, a kind of banded reinforcement section basic as described with reference to the accompanying drawings here and that be used to construct reinforced soil retaining wall system as shown in drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2004901725 | 2004-04-01 | ||
| AU2004901725A AU2004901725A0 (en) | 2004-04-01 | Retaining Wall | |
| AU2004901789 | 2004-04-05 | ||
| AU2004907121 | 2004-12-15 | ||
| AU2005900832 | 2005-02-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1961122A true CN1961122A (en) | 2007-05-09 |
Family
ID=38072111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200580017421 Pending CN1961122A (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2005-03-31 | A reinforced soil retaining wall system and method of construction |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1961122A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200608640B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105256824A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-20 | 山东大学 | Waste tire gabion units, gabion anchor plate earth-retaining wall and construction method |
-
2005
- 2005-03-31 CN CN 200580017421 patent/CN1961122A/en active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-10-17 ZA ZA200608640A patent/ZA200608640B/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105256824A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-20 | 山东大学 | Waste tire gabion units, gabion anchor plate earth-retaining wall and construction method |
| CN105256824B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-01-02 | 山东大学 | A kind of junked tire lattice guest unit qualifying guest anchored plate retaining wall and construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200608640B (en) | 2008-01-30 |
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