CN1955252A - Nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance - Google Patents
Nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN1955252A CN1955252A CN 200510114621 CN200510114621A CN1955252A CN 1955252 A CN1955252 A CN 1955252A CN 200510114621 CN200510114621 CN 200510114621 CN 200510114621 A CN200510114621 A CN 200510114621A CN 1955252 A CN1955252 A CN 1955252A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical group [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 gallium indium series Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000927 Ge alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SAZXSKLZZOUTCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium indium Chemical compound [Ge].[In] SAZXSKLZZOUTCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NASFKTWZWDYFER-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na] NASFKTWZWDYFER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
This invention provides a high heat transfer performance liquid nano-metal. It relates to cooling fluid working medium, and especially it can be used under high rush density condition which need high intensity cooling fluid working medium for heat exchanging and cooling, such as computer array and reactor. The solvent of this invention is liquid metal, and the soluble of this invention is nanometer particle. This invention solve the problem of high price of present metal liquid cooling working medium and the limited performance of common metal liquid, leaking out easily taken place using common liquid and easy forming sediment of present nanometer cooling agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cooled flow working medium that is used for ultra high power density scatterer, particularly a kind of being suitable under the high heat flux conditions such as computer chip and reactor, the cooled flow working medium that needs high strength heat exchange and cooling environment to use.
Background technology
As everyone knows, what the current computer chip cooling adopted mainly is to be forced to convection of air to cool off heater members, but the heat dissipation capacity of this mode is limited.Therefore, people just progressively attempt adopting water-cooled or other organic liquids to realize heat radiation; (Liu Jing, Monday is glad, a kind of radiating device of chip radiation, grant number: 02257291.0), more the liquid cooling mode has been advanced major step in the proposition of low-melting-point liquid metal chip heat dissipation technology.In this mode, heat radiation working medium is that thermal conductivity far is higher than conventional fluidic metal, thereby heat-sinking capability is stronger.Yet, because alternative low-melting-point liquid metal species and few, and owing to be rare metal, thereby on the high side.Particularly, the thermal conductivity of these existing metals is not outstanding in metallic substance series.
In fact, the liquid metal refrigerant has important application for a long time on the nuclear reactor engineering.From the angle of thermohydraulics, according to the kind difference of refrigerant, reactor generally can be divided into water cooled reator, gas-cooled reactor and liquid metal cooled reactor.Wherein, liquid metal cooled reactor is representational is the cold fast-breeder reactor of sodium.With liquid metal refrigerative fast neutron reactor is the direction of current reactor development, will occupy an leading position in various reactors gradually.Since the power density height of fast reactor, and a little less than the slowing down effect of liquid metal sodium to the neutron generation, the capacity of heat transmission is strong, and is little and nontoxic to various steels corrodibility, so as the refrigerant in the fast reactor.Yet the liquid metal sodium chemical property is active, easy and oxygen, chemical reaction takes place in water etc., when the producer heat-transfer pipe is run-down, causes the intensive sodium-water reaction easily, so when using sodium as fast reactor coolant, how to avoid refrigerant leak than use water as in the thermal reactor refrigerant complexity many.In addition, in recent years, it should be noted that when particle with nanoscale is suspended in some industrial heat-transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol or the machine oil, its heat transfer can be enhanced, this be because the thermal conductivity of most solid material all greater than liquid, thereby the mixture thermal conductivity of being made up of particle, fluid will be greater than the thermal conductivity of liquid itself, and in fact this become one of method of the novel industrial fluids with high heat conductance of preparation.But the thermal conductivity of this class fluidic solvent own is very low, and the particle that adds deposits easily, thereby fluid effect in the raising of heat transfer property is limited.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance, it has solved the selling at exorbitant prices that present employing metal fluid exists as cooling working medium, the metal fluid poor cooling performance that price is low, easily cause leakage with common fluid during as fast reactor coolant, and existing nano-fluid refrigerant is prone to sedimentary problem.
Nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance of the present invention, it be a kind of be solvent with the liquid metal, nano particle is the fluid of solute.
Further, the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance of the present invention, it can also have following characteristics: the particle diameter of described nano particle as solute is 1～900 nanometer, and the best is 100～300 nanometers.
Described nano particle is metal nanoparticle or nonmetal nano particle; Described metal nanoparticle is copper, aluminium, iron, gold and silver, magnesium, calcium, barium, nickel, zinc, chromium, cadmium or antimony, or the alloy of above-mentioned at least two kinds of metals; Described nonmetal nano particle is the nano particle of carbon nanotube, graphite material particle, boron, silicon, germanium or arsenic.
Described liquid metal is mercury, gallium or gallium indium series alloy; Or the low melting point metal under temperature or the low temperature in other, comprise lead, bismuth, tin or chromium; Or the alloy of at least two kinds of formation in the above-mentioned metal, the alloy that perhaps above-mentioned metal and other metal form.
Described liquid metal as solvent is binary, ternary or the multicomponent mixture of above-mentioned metal or alloy composition.
Described nano particle as solute with molten long-pending ratio as the liquid alloy of solvent is: 1: (0.1～99).
The add-on of nano particle in the metal fluid solute as solute should make this fluid have mobile getting final product, as when placing to be tilted on certain flat board in 5～80 degree flow (because of gravitate) taking place.
The present invention is from being different from the angle of traditional nano-fluid, conventional liquid coolant metal, the metal nano fluid that one conception of species novelty is provided is as refrigerant, this metal nano fluidic range of choice can be very wide, can determine according to specific operating temperature range.Such as, if institute at heat radiation to liking as electronic devices and components such as computers, then liquid metal can adopt low melting point metal such as the mercury that is in a liquid state under the normal temperature, gallium etc., or the alloy of these metals, as the gallium indium alloy, gallium indium germanium alloy etc.; But if at heat radiation to as if as very high temperature situations such as nuclear reactors, then liquid metal can adopt the higher metal of fusing point as used in the past basic metal series, lead bismuth alloy etc.Nano particle as for adding then can have a lot of selections, as adopting plain metal such as the copper of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope, aluminium or other precious metals particle as silver, gold etc.; In addition, some non-metal kind materials also are good selections, also can be used as this fluidic nano particle such as the carbon nanotube of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope, and the alternative metals nanometer is to obtain the heat transfer property of expection.Certainly, the particle size that is adopted also can be not limited to diameter dimension described here in 1 to 900nm scope, and other sized particles also can be used as additive configuration corresponding fluids.
Crucial part of the present invention is:
1. the notion of nano metal fluid has been proposed first;
2. the nano particle of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope introduced liquid metal or its alloy fluid, thereby configure nano metal fluid with excellent heat transfer property;
3. two or more metal, no matter its fusing point difference is much, and nature difference is much mutually, all can be used as the integral part of nano metal fluid.
Though proposed the notion of nano-fluid in the past, relevant art has also obtained application in some industries, and the solvent that this class fluid is adopted is water or other organic liquids, and results in blockage easily and rotten, and nano-metal particle wherein is easy to deposit; And adopt liquid metal on intension, to be different from existing idea significantly as solvent, because the density and the tension force of liquid metal itself, nano metal that is added or non-metallic particle are difficult for depositing; In addition, compare with simple liquid metal or its alloy liquid, nano metal fluid provided by the invention is owing to can add the nano-particle material with particular thermal characteristic, electrical characteristic, magnetic properties etc. as required, thereby making that its performance is better, use range is wideer.What can estimate is by technical scheme of the present invention, can make the metal nano fluid that satisfies many-sided demand.
For realizing fluid of the present invention, can there be a lot of proportionings selective, can be such as: this fluid by liquid metal or its alloy volume share 10～99%, and nano particle or microparticle volume share are prepared between 90～1%.
After adopting this nano metal fluid as the refrigeration agent in the scatterer, can improve the exchange capability of heat of refrigeration agent greatly, and be easy to adopt some conventional meanses such as electromagnetic pump, peristaltic pump, static driven, electricity are wetting etc., and scheme drives it.
Nano metal fluid of the present invention has the advantageous property of liquid metal, its thermal conductivity height, and surface tension is big, the specific heat capacity height, wicking action is strong, and fusing point is low, the boiling point height, vapor pressure is little, and volumetric expansion is little, thereby is not easy to take place to leak and accident.It is a kind of good refrigerant that is used for the high power density scatterer.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. nano metal fluid provided by the invention has very high thermal conductivity, and the coefficient of heat transfer is 100-1000W/cm in flow process
2℃, thereby have very strong heat-transfer capability, during as refrigeration agent, can be very fast heat be absorbed and passes to the low temperature radiator portion from high temperature heat source.
2. nano metal fluid provided by the invention, can be plain metal, add liquid metal as metal nanoparticles such as low-cost copper, aluminium, iron, thereby reduce greatly separately with liquid metal or its alloy cost as refrigeration agent, this just uses this liquid nano metal fluid to pave road for extensive.Liquid metal gallium (purity 99.99%) price is 3250 yuan every kilogram in the market, and the fine copper price only is 38 yuan every kilogram, and price differs nearly a hundred times.Particularly liquid metal is few or smelting cost is high can not obtain large-scale application at occurring in nature content, also can further improve the liquid metal price even obtain large-scale application.
3. nano metal fluid provided by the invention, metal that can several nature difference are very big are as integral part, thus performance speciality each other, as making solvent with liquid metal gallium or its alloy, it is liquid at normal temperatures, metal nanoparticle is solid-state.Make metal nanoparticle also have flowability after the combination.And the thermal conductivity of fine copper is 390W/ (mK), and the thermal conductivity of gallium only is 40.6W/ (mK), and both differ about 10 times, so the blending of the two can significantly improve the thermal property of single liquid gallium.
4. nano metal fluid provided by the invention must be used with corresponding scatterer, preparation easily, under different solvents-nano particle ratio, can realize different radiating effects, and respective material is easy to obtain, thereby reduces the running cost of liquid metal scatterer.
5. nano metal fluid provided by the invention since with liquid metal as solvent, metal nanoparticle is made solute, and the liquid metal surface tension is big, metal nanoparticle can not deposit, and exists with the form of solid-state phase or alloy.
6. nano metal fluid provided by the invention has very strong conductive capability, can use electromagnetic force, and electricity is wetting, peristaltic pump, and electrostatic interaction, wicking action or other mode actuating fluid flow.
7. nano metal fluid provided by the invention, its surface tension is big, the boiling temperature height, vapor pressure is low, and volumetric expansion is little, thereby is difficult for taking place to leak and accident, can well guarantee equipment or personnel's safety.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Nano metal fluid provided by the invention is a solvent with the liquid metal, alternative normal temperature down or the liquid metal under the low temperature comprise: mercury, fusing point-38.72 ℃; Gallium, 29.8 ℃ of fusing points; The gallium indium series alloy (as 62.5%Ga, 21.5%In, 16%Sn), 10.7 ℃ of fusing points; And temperature down or the low melting point metal under the low temperature comprises lead in other, 327.5 ℃, and bismuth, 271.4 ℃, tin, 232.0 ℃; Chromium, 321.1 ℃; Liquid solvent comprises the alloy of one or more formation in the above-mentioned metal in this nano metal fluid, also comprises the alloy that above-mentioned metal and other metal form.Liquid metal under senior middle school's temperature comprises basic metal series or its alloy, also comprises the alloy that forms with other metal.
The metal nanoparticle that nano metal fluid of the present invention adopted comprises plain metal particles such as the copper of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope, aluminium, iron, also comprises the precious metals such as gold and silver of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope.Be calorifics and the fluid property of realizing some expection, the particle of the magnesium of other diameter dimensions in 1 to 900nm scope, calcium, barium, nickel, zinc, chromium, cadmium, antimony etc. also can constitute fluid with the solvent of liquid metal or its alloy composition.
Nano metal fluid of the present invention can form alloy, and alloy part or mixture also can be binary, ternary even multi-element fluid.
Embodiment 2:
The solute of nano metal fluid of the present invention also can adopt the transition element material of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope such as the particle of boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic etc. except that adopting above-described metal nanoparticle.And the liquid metal solvent is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The solute of nano metal fluid of the present invention is except that adopting above-described metal nanoparticle and transition element material granule, also can adopt carbon nanotube, the graphite material particle of the diameter dimension with high heat conductance of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope in 1 to 900nm scope, with as a fluidic part.
Embodiment 4:
Liquid metal as solvent of the present invention is a mercury metal, is carbon nanotube as the nano particle of solute, and the diameter of nano particle is 100 nanometers.The volumetric ratio of solute and solvent is 1: 50.
Embodiment 5:
Liquid metal as solvent of the present invention is the gallium indium alloy, is MAGNESIUM METAL as the nano particle of solute, and the diameter of nano particle is 200 nanometers.The volumetric ratio of solute and solvent is 1: 30.
Embodiment 6:
Liquid metal as solvent of the present invention is a binary mixture plumbous, tin, is copper as the nano particle of solute, and the diameter of nano particle is 80 nanometers.The volumetric ratio of solute and solvent is 1: 1.
Embodiment 7:
Liquid metal as solvent of the present invention is the tertiary mixture of lead, bismuth, gallium, is graphite as the nano particle of solute, and the diameter of nano particle is 50 nanometers.The volumetric ratio of solute and solvent is 1: 80.
Embodiment 8:
Liquid metal as solvent of the present invention is a terne metal, is calcium-magnesium alloy as the nano particle of solute, and the diameter of nano particle is 300 nanometers.The volumetric ratio of solute and solvent is 1: 90.
Embodiment 9:
Liquid metal as solvent of the present invention is a terne metal, is silicon as the nano particle of solute, and the diameter of nano particle is 150 nanometers.The volumetric ratio of solute and solvent is 1: 0.5.
Embodiment 10:
The concrete production method of a kind of nano metal fluid provided by the invention is as follows:
Nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance provided by the invention, in preparation process, to make liquid metal such as gallium or its alloy such as gallium as solvent, it is liquid that indium becomes, can make its thawing reach fluid state by the mode of heating in this respect, under fluid state, add metal nanoparticle such as the copper powder particle of diameter dimension in 1 to 900nm scope, and stir, in the making processes, the metal nanoparticle quantity that unit volume liquid metal or its alloy add under the record differing temps and make this nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance mobile critical mass again can guarantee that this nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance has the maximum adding quantity of good fluidity.So that select different compositions and proportioning for use according to different service requirementss.To different compositions and proportioning, can be by measuring the thermal conductivity that this has the nano metal fluid of high heat-transfer performance, specific heat capacity, density, surface tension, characteristic parameters such as fusing point and boiling point are assessed the thermal property of institute's formulated fluids.
Use the process of the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance provided by the invention as follows:
According to different service requirementss, determine purpose and requirement that this nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance of use will reach, select different proportioning and composition.After its proportioning and composition are selected, can take electromagnetic pump, peristaltic pump, static driven, and effect such as, wicking action wetting by means of electricity drive the metal nano fluid and finish heat radiation to the ultra high power density area.
The present invention adds the higher nano-particle material of thermal conductivity in this class low-melting-point liquid metal, can further improve the heat transfer property of low-melting-point liquid metal.Just in view of this consideration, the invention provides the brand-new refrigerant of a conception of species, promptly have the nano metal fluid of high heat-transfer performance.
The nano metal fluid that the present invention proposes can significantly change the easy sedimentary defective of particle that the adding nano particle causes in water, ethene, ethylene glycol or machine oil at present.
The present invention adopt the metal nano fluid under certain proportioning further to improve to adopt the conventional metals fluid in the nuclear reactor be the heat-sinking capability that refrigerant produces.
So far, adopt liquid metal to make solvent, with high thermal conductivity metal nanoparticle or other nonmetal nano particles as the fluid of solute at home and abroad document and in all do not appear in the newspapers as yet.Particularly with two or more, even the metal mixed that differs greatly of fusing point ties up among the present invention as a kind of novel fluid and proposes for the first time.
The metal nano fluid of formulated of the present invention is owing to have the performance of aspects such as good calorifics, electricity and magnetics concurrently, be ideal refrigerant under the various high heat flux heat radiation occasions, all be expected to play a significant role in computer chip, satellite, rocket propulsion and field of lasers.
Claims (9)
1. nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance is characterized in that: it be a kind of be solvent with the liquid metal, nano particle is the fluid of solute.
2. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described nano particle as solute is 1～900 nanometer.
3. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described nano particle is metal nanoparticle or nonmetal nano particle;
4. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described metal nanoparticle is copper, aluminium, iron, gold and silver, magnesium, calcium, barium, nickel, zinc, chromium, cadmium or antimony, or the alloy of above-mentioned at least two kinds of metals.
5. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described nonmetal nano particle is a carbon nanotube, graphite material nano particle, the nano particle of boron, silicon, germanium or arsenic.
6. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described liquid metal as solvent is mercury, gallium or gallium indium series alloy; Or temperature down or the low melting point metal under the low temperature comprises lead, bismuth, tin or chromium in other; Or the alloy of at least two kinds of formation in the above-mentioned metal, the alloy that perhaps above-mentioned metal and other metal form.
7. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described liquid metal as solvent is binary, ternary or the multicomponent mixture of above-mentioned metal or alloy composition.
8. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described nano particle as solute with molten long-pending ratio as the liquid metal of solvent is: 1: (0.1～99).
9. the nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the add-on of nano particle in the metal fluid solute as solute should make this fluid have flowability, promptly is tilted 5～80 degree internal cause gravitates on certain flat board and can flows when metal fluid places.
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