CN101775270A - Liquid metal fluid containing phase-change microcapsules - Google Patents
Liquid metal fluid containing phase-change microcapsules Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775270A CN101775270A CN201010123044A CN201010123044A CN101775270A CN 101775270 A CN101775270 A CN 101775270A CN 201010123044 A CN201010123044 A CN 201010123044A CN 201010123044 A CN201010123044 A CN 201010123044A CN 101775270 A CN101775270 A CN 101775270A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid metal fluid containing phase-change microcapsules, which adopts phase-change microcapsules (1) as a solute and liquid metal (2) as a solvent, wherein the phase-change microcapsules (1), which are prepared by using an in-situ polymerization method or other methods to embed a phase-change material (3) into an outer casing (4), are spherical and has the diameter of 1nm-1mm; and the liquid metal (2) can be mercury, gallium, gallium-indium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy. The invention has the advantages that the liquid metal fluid containing the phase-change microcapsules has a large apparent ratio in the phase-change temperature area of a phase-change material, the phase-change microcapsules (1) are difficult to be deposited or aggregated, the liquid metal fluid has favorable performances in the aspects of calorifics, electrics, magnetics, and the like, and the thermal properties of traditional liquid metals can be enhanced greatly. The liquid metal fluid is a cooling medium suitable for various heat radiating occasions with high heat flux density, and can be widely applied to the fields of computer chips, satellites, rocket propulsion booster and lasers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cooled flow working medium that is used for the high power density scatterer, especially the cooled flow working medium of forming by phase-change microcapsule and liquid metal.
Background technology
Be accompanied by chip industry high-performance, microminiaturization, integrated high speed development, the chip cooling problem has become a bottleneck of the current chip industrial development of influence.At present, traditional method of cooling such as air cooling (Zhang Qianshan, patent: computer CPU radiator, 01130819.2), water-cooled (Zhu Yuru application number:, patent: the cpu chip water-filled radiator, the patent No.: 99253842.4) and semiconductor chilling plate method etc. but can't satisfy the thermal control requirement of high hot-fluid chip.Adopt phase-change heat-exchange (Li Mujiong etc., patent: the system that is used for cooling device in computer, application number: 99804075.4), heat pipe heat radiation, the microchannel heat radiation, refrigerating chip, synthetic little spray and vibration refrigerator, thermoelectric ion cooling, the cooling of heat sound, the gas throttling refrigeration, low-melting-point liquid metal chip heat radiation (Liu Jing, Monday is glad, patent: a kind of radiating device of chip radiation, the patent No.: 02257291.0), nano metal fluid (Ma Kunquan, Liu Jing, patent: nano metal fluid with high heat-transfer performance, 200510114621.3) etc. the patent No.: new technology also puts on the agenda gradually, and corresponding product also sporadicly appears on the market.
Along with the growth at full speed of chip integration, desired heat transfer intensity is also more and more higher, and demanding urgently more, the material and the technology of high heat-exchanging performance occur.Except that need possessing very strong heat-sinking capability, the work characteristics of chip has determined its cooling system also need satisfy the requirement of reliability, cost performance, integrated three aspects.Also Just because of this, the invention provides a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule and strengthen chip cooling as heat-eliminating medium.Because phase change material is in its thawing/solidify absorption/release latent heat in the phase transition process, the liquid metal fluid that includes phase-change microcapsule in the transformation temperature district of phase change material has very big apparent specific heat; Simultaneously, because the interaction of microcapsule granule and fluid and pipeline wall, it is (yellow brave that the liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule has the remarkable enhancement of heat transfer function that is similar to nano-fluid concurrently, Xuan Yimin, Li Qiang, Che Jianfei, the preparation of magnetic phase transition microcapsule and sign, Science Bulletin, 2008,53 (20): 2526-2530).Therefore, the liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule is a kind of novel delivery of energy medium that integrates heat accumulation and enhancement of heat transfer function, is expected to become the good heat-eliminating medium of chip or the heat radiation of other high-power components.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of cooled flow working medium, not only play remarkable enhancement of heat transfer function, provide and be superior to the better cooled flow working medium of present cooled flow working medium heat exchange property, be suitable for the high power density scatterer, and be easy to take methods such as some conventional meanses such as electromagnetic pump, peristaltic pump, static driven, electricity be wetting that it is driven.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule, with the phase-change microcapsule solute, liquid metal is a solvent.It makes full use of the advantage of liquid metal, and utilizes phase-change microcapsule to melt/solidify the interaction of absorption/release latent heat and phase-change microcapsule and fluid and pipeline wall in the phase transition process at it, strengthens the exchange capability of heat of the liquid metal fluid of phase-change microcapsule.
Described phase-change microcapsule is that by methods such as in-situ polymerizations phase change material to be embedded in the diameter of making in the shell be the spherical microcapsule of 1nm～1mm, preferred 10～300nm.
Described liquid metal is mercury, gallium, gallium indium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy; Or the low melting point metal under temperature or the low temperature in other, comprise lead, bismuth, tin or chromium; Or the alloy of at least two kinds of formation in the above-mentioned metal, the alloy that perhaps above-mentioned metal and other metals form.
Described phase change material has very high heat of phase transformation, can select hydrated inorganic salt, high fatty alcohol, higher fatty acid, hydrocarbons, polyethers, aliphatics polyester and the polyester ether etc. of solid-liquid or liquid gas, the heat of phase transformation of unit weight (gram) tens of surplus 10,000 joule between.
Described shell has high thermal, can be inorganic or material such as organic polymer, the preferred high metallic substance of thermal conductivity; Materials such as optional Calucium Silicate powder of inorganic salt shell and metal in the described inorganic materials, macromolecular material can use urea-formaldehyde resin, sweet ammonia resin, Polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate and aromatic polyamide etc.
The volumetric ratio of described phase-change microcapsule and liquid metal is 1: (0.01～100).
Described liquid metal can be mercury, gallium, gallium indium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy individual, also can be these metals or/and the binary of alloy composition, ternary or multicomponent mixture.
Described phase change material can be a kind of single phase change material, also can be the molectron of two or more phase change material.
Described shell can be materials such as a kind of single inorganic or organic polymer, also can be two or more inorganic or/and molectron of materials such as organic polymer, with stopping property or the wet stability of heat that improves shell.
The present invention is at traditional nano-fluid, liquid metal and contain on the basis of metal fluid of nano particle, the liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule that one conception of species novelty is provided is as heat-eliminating medium, can select the phase change material of suitable transformation temperature according to the real work scope, also can select the phase change material combination of a plurality of transformation temperatures to realize the heat conduction reinforced of many temperature provinces.The shell of phase-change microcapsule is selected the high material of heat transfer property, also can be the combination of two kinds of materials.Also be not limited only to materials such as inorganic or organic polymer, materials such as the also alternative inorganic and organic polymer of non-metallic material such as carbon nanotube are to obtain heat transfer property efficiently.
The scope because difficult therein generation deposition of the density and the tensile property of liquid metal self, phase-change microcapsule and gathering, the ratio of phase-change microcapsule and liquid metal can alter a great deal, preferred 1: (0.01～100).Also can carry out modification (for example applying electric charge), improve the stability of phase-change microcapsule in the liquid metal the phase-change microcapsule shell.
The invention provides a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule and have high apparent specific heat, big surface tension, high apparent specific heat holds, the strong wool spy uses, fusing point is low, boiling point height, characteristics such as small volume expansion, be suitable for the good heat-eliminating medium of high power density scatterer, and should drive it by methods such as some conventional meanses such as electromagnetic pump, peristaltic pump, static driven, electricity are wetting because of it has very strong electroconductibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that contains the liquid metal fluid of phase-change microcapsule provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of phase-change microcapsule shown in Figure 1.
Wherein: 1, phase-change microcapsule; 2, liquid metal; 3, phase change material; 4, shell.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that contains the liquid metal fluid of phase-change microcapsule provided by the invention, and Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of phase-change microcapsule shown in Figure 1.As seen from the figure, the liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule of the present invention comprises as the phase-change microcapsule 1 of solute with as the liquid metal 2 of solvent.Described phase-change microcapsule 1 is that by methods such as in-situ polymerizations phase change material 3 to be embedded in 4 li diameters of making of shell be the spherical phase-change microcapsule of 1nm～1mm, preferred 10～300nm.
Embodiment 1
Described liquid metal 2 as solvent is mercury (fusing point-38.72 ℃), gallium (29.8 ℃ of fusing points), gallium indium alloy (as 62.5wt%Ga, 21.5wt%In, 16wt%Sn, 10.7 ℃ of fusing points); Or the low melting point metal under temperature or the low temperature in other, comprise lead (327.5 ℃ of fusing points), bismuth (271.4 ℃ of fusing points), tin (232.0 ℃ of fusing points) or chromium (321.1 ℃ of fusing points); Or the alloy of at least two kinds of formation in the above-mentioned metal, the alloy that perhaps above-mentioned metal and other metals form.Can select the proportioning of composition in the liquid alloy according to actual needs, make alloy melting point be lower than working temperature.
Described phase change material 3 has very high heat of phase transformation, can select hydrated inorganic salt, high fatty alcohol, higher fatty acid, hydrocarbons, polyethers, aliphatics polyester and the polyester ether etc. of solid-liquid or liquid gas, the heat of phase transformation of unit weight (gram) tens of surplus 10,000 joule between.Described shell 4 has high thermal, can be inorganic or material such as organic polymer, the preferred high metallic substance of thermal conductivity; Materials such as optional Calucium Silicate powder of inorganic salt shell or metal in the described inorganic materials, macromolecular material can use urea-formaldehyde resin, sweet ammonia resin, Polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate or aromatic polyamide etc.Because the density and the tensile property of liquid metal 2 self, phase-change microcapsule 1 are difficult for deposition taking place and assembling therein, the ratio of phase-change microcapsule 1 and liquid metal 2 scope that can alter a great deal, preferred 1: (0.01～100).Also can carry out modification (for example applying electric charge), improve the stability of phase-change microcapsule 1 in the liquid metal 2 phase-change microcapsule shell 4.
Phase change material 3 of the present invention is the molectron of two or more above-mentioned phase change material, forms the phase-change microcapsule 1 of heterogeneous alternating temperature degree, and enhanced heat exchange is realized in many differing tempss zone.And shell 4 is all identical with embodiment 1 with liquid metal 2.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 5
Phase change material 3 of the present invention is the molectron of two or more embodiment 1 described phase change material, form the phase-change microcapsule 1 of heterogeneous alternating temperature degree, shell 4 is the molectron of materials such as the described inorganic or organic polymer of two or more embodiment 1, and liquid metal 2 is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
Phase change material 3 of the present invention is the molectron of two or more embodiment 1 described phase change material, forms the phase-change microcapsule 1 of heterogeneous alternating temperature degree, and shell 4 is non-metallic material such as carbon nanotube, and liquid metal 2 is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
Phase change material 3 of the present invention is the molectron of two or more embodiment 1 described phase change material, form the phase-change microcapsule 1 of heterogeneous alternating temperature degree, shell 4 is the molectron of two or more material in the described inorganic or non-metallic material such as organic polymer and embodiment 4 described carbon nanotubes of embodiment 1, and liquid metal 2 is identical with embodiment 1.
The liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule provided by the invention, methods such as elder generation's employing in-situ polymerization are embedded in 4 li on shell to phase change material 3 and make the spherical phase-change microcapsule 1 that diameter is 1nm～1mm, by modes such as heating liquid metal 2 is melted then, under fluid state, add phase-change microcapsule 1, and stir.Phase-change microcapsule 1 quantity that adds in the unit volume liquid metal 2 under the record differing temps in the making processes, and make this liquid metal 2 can not be at the mobile critical mass, to determine guaranteeing that this liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule has the maximum adding quantity of good fluidity.According to working condition in the reality use, select suitable making method, composition and composition ratio in the foregoing description, by measuring the superiority of the selected making method of parameter evaluation, composition and composition ratios such as the apparent specific heat appearance of this liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule, apparent thermal conductivity, density, surface tension, phase-change microcapsule 1 fusing point and boiling point.In the use, in conjunction with suitable scatterer by electromagnetic pump, peristaltic pump, static driven, electricity is wetting and method such as wicking action drives the liquid metal fluid that the present invention contains phase-change microcapsule, finishes the heat radiation to the high power density zone.
At first, because phase change material is in its thawing/solidify absorption/release latent heat in the phase transition process, the liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule provided by the invention has very big apparent specific heat in the transformation temperature district of phase change material; Secondly, because the interaction of microcapsule granule and fluid and pipeline wall makes the liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule have the remarkable enhancement of heat transfer function that is similar to nano-fluid concurrently; Moreover because the density and the tensile property of liquid metal self, phase-change microcapsule is difficult for deposition taking place and assembling therein.Therefore, the liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule provided by the invention has the performance of aspects such as good calorifics, electricity and magnetics, strengthened the thermal property of existing liquid metal greatly, be the heat-eliminating medium that is fit to various high heat flux heat radiation occasions, all have been widely used in computer chip, satellite, rocket propulsion and field of lasers.
Claims (9)
1. a liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule is characterized in that, is solute with phase-change microcapsule (1), and liquid metal (2) is a solvent.
Described phase-change microcapsule (1) is that by in-situ polymerization phase change material (3) to be embedded in the diameter of making shell (4) lining be the spherical phase-change microcapsule of 1nm～1mm;
2. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1, it is characterized in that hydrated inorganic salt, high fatty alcohol, higher fatty acid, hydrocarbons, polyethers, aliphatics polyester or the polyester ether of described phase change material (3) for solid-liquid or liquid gas, the heat of phase transformation of the described phase change material of every gram (3) is between 1 to 10000 joule.
3. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1 is characterized in that described shell (4) is inorganic materials or organic polymer material.
4. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 3 is characterized in that described inorganic materials is Calucium Silicate powder or metallic substance.
5. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 3 is characterized in that described macromolecular material is urea-formaldehyde resin, sweet ammonia resin, Polyurethane, polymethylmethacrylate or aromatic polyamide.
6. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described phase-change microcapsule (1) and the volumetric ratio of liquid metal (2) are 1: (0.01～100).
7. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described liquid metal (2) is mercury, gallium, gallium indium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy individual, or above-mentioned metal is or/and the binary of alloy composition, ternary or multicomponent mixture.
8. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 2 is characterized in that described phase change material (3) is a kind of single phase change material, or the molectron of two or more phase change material.
9. a kind of liquid metal fluid that contains phase-change microcapsule according to claim 3 it is characterized in that described shell (4) is a kind of single inorganic or organic polymer material, or two or more is inorganic or/and the molectron of organic polymer material.
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