CN1954959A - Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire - Google Patents
Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN1954959A CN1954959A CN 200610152125 CN200610152125A CN1954959A CN 1954959 A CN1954959 A CN 1954959A CN 200610152125 CN200610152125 CN 200610152125 CN 200610152125 A CN200610152125 A CN 200610152125A CN 1954959 A CN1954959 A CN 1954959A
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Abstract
An Al-Mg-Sc welding wire for Al-Li alloy (Al-Mg-Li) and Al-alloy (Al-Mg) contains Mg (4-8 Wt%), Mn (0.5-1.0), Zr (0.05-0.3), Sc (0.1-1.0), Ti (0.05-0.15), Na+K (0-15 ppm), H (0-0.4 ppm) and Al (rest). It has high anti-cracking performance and high mechanical performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Al-Mg-Li of being used for is aluminium lithium alloy and Al-Mg line aluminium alloy melting Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire.
Background technology
High-strength aluminium lithium alloy and aluminium alloy be because density is little, performance advantage such as specific strength height and be widely used in aircraft industry.But often since effects limit such as poor, the joint of solderability is softening, fatigue life is low, corrosion resistance difference its range of application.If can solve this a series of problems,, obtain significant weight loss effect, obtain tangible economic benefit promoting the application of aluminium lithium alloy greatly at Aeronautics and Astronautics.
In aluminium alloy and aluminium lithium alloy, add the intensity of rare earth element at present, and obtain the direction that better comprehensive performance is aluminium alloy research with the raising alloy.Big quantity research has been done with regard to this direction by Russia, after 17 kinds of main rare earth elements being compared experiment and comprehensively comparing, point out that Sc is the most fruitful rare earth element, and (as 01515 alloy, its nominal composition is Al-1.15Mg-0.4Mn-0.4 (Sc+Zr) to have developed Al-Mg-Sc in succession; 01523 alloy, its nominal composition are Al-2.1Mg-0.4Mn-0.45 (Sc+Zr); 01535 alloy, its nominal composition is Al-4.2Mg-0.4Mn-0.4 (Sc+Zr) etc.), the alloy of series such as Al-Zn-Mg-Sc, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Cu-Li-Sc, be mainly used in and make aircraft, rocket, naval vessel and bullet train (Yang Zhiqiang, Yin Zhimin. " research and development of Aluminium-scandium Alloy in Russia ", light-alloy process technology [J], 2003 .vol 31, No.11, P34～40).Domestic Northwestern Polytechnical University carried out the research of adding Ce in 2090 alloys and the welding wire, some effects have been obtained, but Ce butt joint plasticity infringement big (He Yong etc., the research of 2090Ce aluminium lithium alloy welding joint mechanical property, the 3rd national aluminium lithium alloy Conference Papers collection); Central South University once carried out some researchs with regard to micro-Sc to Al-Mg alloy and Al-Zn-Mg alloy structure and performance, as compared the structure property of Al-0.45Mg and Al-0.45Mg-0.41Sc deforming alloy, point out in the Al-Mg alloy, to add micro-Sc and can form nascent Al
3Sc eliminates the arborescent structure of cast alloy, and in the technology heating process of alloy cast ingot secondary Al is arranged
3The particle reinforced alloy of Sc.Test result to alloy property shows, behind the Sc of adding 0.4%, alloy property improves significantly that (as Al-0.45Mg tensile strength of alloys after the heat treatment is 282MPa, Al-0.45Mg-0.41Sc tensile strength of alloys 358MPa), but the plasticity of alloy all has reduction (percentage elongation of Al-0.45Mg alloy is 25.4% after as heat treatment, and the percentage elongation of Al-0.45Mg-0.41Sc alloy is 18.9%) in various degree under different conditions.(Pan Qinglin etc., the effect of micro-scandium in the Al-Mg alloy, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2001,37 (7): P749-753).
Domestic welding at present for aluminium alloy, the general employing and mother metal homogeneity or the approaching welding wire welding of composition.And be aluminium lithium alloy for domestic ripe Al-Mg-Li, as the 5A90 alloy, because no special welding wire temporarily, to adopt traditional Al-Mg often be the rust-preventing aluminum alloy welding wire so weld, and mainly is the LF6 welding wire.But, strengthens the 5A90 alloy the higher (σ wherein of alloy strength because adding alloying element Li
b〉=410MPa, δ
5〉=8%).And Li element highly volatile in the weld heating process wherein, therefore do not contain alloying element Li substantially in the weld seam, so adopt the slitting of alloy own to do packing material or the welding of employing LF6 welding wire, strength of joint is all very low, but lack matching, and can not the through engineering approaches welding with the mother metal performance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Al-Mg-Li of satisfying is the Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire of the through engineering approaches welding of aluminium lithium alloy and Al-Mg line aluminium alloy.
Technical solution of the present invention is that the main chemical of Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire (wt%) is: magnesium (Mg) 4～8, manganese (Mn) 0.5～1.0, zirconium (Zr) 0.05～0.3, scandium (Sc) 0.1～1.0, titanium (Ti) 0.05～0.15, sodium (Na)+potassium (K)≤15ppm, hydrogen (H)≤0.4ppm, aluminium (Al) surplus.
Above-mentioned Al-Mg-Sc is that packing material adopts following technology preparation:
(1) raw material preparation, matrix element aluminium (Al) adds with fine aluminium (Al) form, and alloying element magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) all add with the basic intermediate alloy form of aluminium (Al), by weight percentage preparation;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carry out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, pours into alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, be alloy bar, or annealing, drawing are the vertical bar shape welding wire of specification or plate-like welding wire continuously again through annealing, extruding, standby.
Using Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire molten solder Al-Mg-Li of the present invention is aluminium lithium alloy and Al-Mg line aluminium alloy, and weld structure exquisiteness, welding point crack resistance are good, and the joint comprehensive mechanical property is good.
Adopt Al-Mg-Sc welding wire of the present invention, the welding point combination property obviously improves: the crack resistance of (1) aluminium lithium alloy welding point obviously strengthens.Adopt the fish-bone sample of 5A90 (Al-Mg-Li system) alloy and the crack resistance that the cross sample is investigated joint, result of the test is that equal flawless produces; (2) the obvious refinement of seam organization; (3) room temperature tensile strength obviously improves.(δ=2.0～3.0mm), welding point tensile strength (removal weld reinforcement) can reach 400～470MPa, and is strong with mother metal etc., and weld metal plasticity, impact flexibility and mother metal are suitable for example to adopt manual argon arc welding and argonaut welding welding 5A90 alloy.With compare with the joint that adopts traditional Al-Mg welding wire under the condition, joint tensile strength improves 50～100MPa; (4) compare with the joint of traditional Al-Mg welding wire, the joint of welding wire of the present invention is when tensile strength improves, and the plasticity and the toughness of joint also improve, and for example percentage elongation and impact flexibility all can improve 20%～50%; (5) compare with the joint of traditional Al-Mg welding wire, the high-cycle fatigue limit of welding wire joint of the present invention can improve 15～25MPa (10
7Circulation), the raising amount reaches 20%～40% relatively.
For improving weld metal intensity, do not lose simultaneously mother metal plasticity again, this project is by add micro-Sc in welding material, adding alloying elements such as Zr, Mn, Ti simultaneously carries out multi-element alloyed, by the adding of welding material, realize the alloying of Al-Mg-Li alloy arc-seam weld, improve the crack-resistance sensitivity of Al-Mg-Li alloy weld seam metal strength and welding point, to overcome the problem that often exists in the melting welding of Al-Mg-Li alloy, promote newly to develop the engineering application of material.But because therefore costing an arm and a leg of Sc at first utilize Al
3Sc lacks and Al the incubation period in the Al matrix
3Zr easily depends on Al
3The characteristic that Sc grows up by the interpolation of multicomponent alloy element, reduces the limit of solubility of Sc in Al, promotes Al
3Sc separates out in aluminum substrate, adds Zr simultaneously and impels formation Al
3Sc and Ai
3The formation of the compound particle of Zr is grown up, for the non-equilibrium crystallization in molten bath provides enough forming core particles, thus the refinement seam organization; Secondly, the interpolation of high-load Mg, Mn element has formed the solution strengthening of aluminum substrate and the formation of polynary compound particles such as Al, Mg, Mn, has also improved the intensity of weld metal effectively, guarantees that simultaneously weld metal plasticity, impact flexibility etc. are suitable with mother metal; Have again, the present invention is for improving the degree of purity of weld metal, operations such as the raw material of welding wire and melting, extruding, drawing are all carried out strictness control, improve the degree of purity of welding wire, generation mutually provides solid foundation with frangible compounds in order effectively to prevent to weld defective such as pore.Though therefore because the dilution (dilution rate is generally 20%～30%) of soldering wire alloy element in the welding, alloying element such as Sc, Zr very low (far below all kinds of alloys of above-mentioned introduction) in the weld seam, intensity, plasticity, impact flexibility that has also guaranteed weld metal etc. is all suitable in mother metal, and combination property is good.
The specific embodiment
Al-Mg-Sc of the present invention is a packing material, and its main chemical (wt%) is: magnesium (Mg) 4～8, manganese (Mn) 0.5～1.0, zirconium (Zr) 0.05～0.3, scandium (Sc) 0.1～1.0, titanium (Ti) 0～0.15, sodium (Na)+potassium (K)≤15ppm, hydrogen (H)≤0.4ppm, aluminium (Al) surplus.
Above-mentioned Al-Mg-Sc is that packing material adopts following technology preparation:
(1) raw material preparation, matrix element aluminium (Al) adds with fine aluminium (Al) form, and alloying element magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) all add with the basic intermediate alloy form of aluminium (Al), by weight percentage preparation;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carry out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, pours into alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, be alloy bar, or annealing, drawing are the vertical bar shape welding wire of specification or plate-like welding wire continuously again through annealing, extruding, standby.
When needs use, before weldering, to carry out oil removing and the processing of deoxidation film to its surface and oil contaminant, oxide-film, specific as follows:
Oil removing: the aqueous solution of sodium phosphate 40g/L～60g/L, sodium carbonate 40g/L～50g/L, waterglass 25g/L～30g/L (60 ℃～85 ℃) soaks the back circulating water and cleans;
Chemical cleaning: soda lye 50g/L～60g/L (50 ℃～70 ℃) removes surface film oxide, reenters salpeter solution 250g/L～400g/L after circulating water is rinsed well and carries out the brilliance processing, and adopt circulating water to clean;
Dry: dry in drying box or dry up with the compressed air that heats, temperature is 40 ℃～60 ℃.
During welding,, adopt manual (vertical bar welding wire) or automatic (plate-like welding wire) that welding wire is sent into welding pool and weld according to selected melting method and welding variables thereof.
Embodiment one
Its main chemical (wt%) is: magnesium (Mg) 5, manganese (Mn) 0.7, zirconium (Zr) 0.1, scandium (Sc) 0.75, titanium (Ti) 0.1, sodium (Na)+potassium (K)≤15ppm, hydrogen (H)≤0.4ppm, aluminium (Al) surplus.
Preparation:
(1) raw material preparation matrix element aluminium (Al) add with fine aluminium (Al) form, and alloying element magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) all add with the basic intermediate alloy form of aluminium (Al), by weight percentage preparation;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carries out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, pours into φ 100mm alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, through 450 ℃ of annealing, single extruding, annealing, drawing are the vertical bar welding wire of the continuous plate-like welding wire of φ 1.6mm and φ 2.0mm * 1000mm again;
(4) it is standby that the back is handled, cleans, dried to oil removing, cleaning, alkali cleaning, cleaning, nitric acid brilliance.The vertical bar welding wire can be directly used in manual welding, and welding wire is through being used for automatic weldering behind the drum again continuously.
Embodiment two
Its main chemical (wt%) is: magnesium (Mg) 6, manganese (Mn) 0.7, zirconium (Zr) 0.05, scandium (Sc) 0.5, titanium (Ti) 0.05, sodium (Na)+potassium (K)≤15ppm, hydrogen (H)≤0.4ppm, aluminium (Al) surplus.
Preparation:
(1) raw material preparation matrix element aluminium (Al) add with fine aluminium (Al) form, and alloying element magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) all add with the basic intermediate alloy form of aluminium (Al), by weight percentage preparation;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carries out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, pours into φ 100mm alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, through 450 ℃ of annealing, single extruding, annealing, drawing are the vertical bar welding wire of the continuous plate-like welding wire of φ 1.6mm and φ 2.0mm * 1000mm again;
(4) it is standby that the back is handled, cleans, dried to oil removing, cleaning, alkali cleaning, cleaning, nitric acid brilliance.The vertical bar welding wire can be directly used in manual welding, and welding wire is through being used for automatic weldering behind the drum again continuously.
Embodiment three
Its main chemical (wt%) is: magnesium (Mg) 7, manganese (Mn) 0.6, zirconium (Zr) 0.25, scandium (Sc) 0.4, titanium (Ti) 0, sodium (Na)+potassium (K)≤15ppm, hydrogen (H)≤0.4ppm, aluminium (Al) surplus.
Preparation:
(1) raw material preparation matrix element aluminium (Al) add with fine aluminium (Al) form, and alloying element magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) all add with the basic intermediate alloy form of aluminium (Al), by weight percentage preparation;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carries out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, pours into φ 100mm alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, through 450 ℃ of annealing, single extruding, annealing, drawing are the vertical bar welding wire of the continuous plate-like welding wire of φ 1.6mm and φ 2.0mm * 1000mm again;
(4) it is standby that the back is handled, cleans, dried to oil removing, cleaning, alkali cleaning, cleaning, nitric acid brilliance.The vertical bar welding wire can be directly used in manual welding, and welding wire is through being used for automatic weldering behind the drum again continuously
Embodiment four
Its main chemical (wt%) is: magnesium (Mg) 7.5, manganese (Mn) 0.65, zirconium (Zr) 0.2, scandium (Sc) 0.2, titanium (Ti) 0, sodium (Na)+potassium (K)≤15ppm, hydrogen (H)≤0.4ppm, aluminium (Al) surplus.
Preparation:
(1) raw material preparation matrix element aluminium (Al) add with fine aluminium (Al) form, and alloying element magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) all add with the basic intermediate alloy form of aluminium (Al), by weight percentage preparation;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carries out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, pours into φ 100mm alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, through 450 ℃ of annealing, single extruding, annealing, drawing are the vertical bar welding wire of the continuous plate-like welding wire of φ 1.6mm and φ 2.0mm * 1000mm again;
(4) it is standby that the back is handled, cleans, dried to oil removing, cleaning, alkali cleaning, cleaning, nitric acid brilliance.The vertical bar welding wire can be directly used in manual welding, and welding wire is through being used for automatic weldering behind the drum again continuously
Embodiment five
Its main chemical (wt%) is: magnesium (Mg) 6.5, manganese (Mn) 0.5, zirconium (Zr) 0.15, scandium (Sc) 1.0, titanium (Ti) 0, sodium (Na)+potassium (K)≤15ppm, hydrogen (H)≤0.4ppm, aluminium (Al) surplus.
Preparation:
(1) raw material preparation matrix element aluminium (Al) add with fine aluminium (Al) form, and alloying element magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), scandium (Sc), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) all add with the basic intermediate alloy form of aluminium (Al), by weight percentage preparation;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carries out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, pours into φ 100mm alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, through 450 ℃ of annealing, single extruding, annealing, drawing are the vertical bar welding wire of the continuous plate-like welding wire of φ 1.6mm and φ 2.0mm * 1000mm again;
(4) it is standby that the back is handled, cleans, dried to oil removing, cleaning, alkali cleaning, cleaning, nitric acid brilliance.The vertical bar welding wire can be directly used in manual welding, and welding wire is through being used for automatic weldering behind the drum again continuously.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire, the percentage by weight of its main chemical are Mg 4～8, Mn 0.5～1.0, Zr 0.05～0.3, Sc 0.1～1.0, Ti 0～0.15, Na+K≤15ppm, H≤0.4ppm, Al surplus.
2, a kind of method for preparing the described welding wire of claim 1 is characterized in that:
(1) raw material preparation, matrix element Al adds with pure Al form, and alloying element Mg, Mn, Sc, Zr, Ti all add preparation by weight percentage with Al base intermediate alloy form;
(2) alloy melting adopts the eddy-current heating electric furnace, and carry out alloy melting under the vacuum argon filling protective condition, is cast into alloy pig;
(3) machine-shaping: behind alloy pig peeling, crop, be alloy bar, or annealing, drawing are the vertical bar shape welding wire of specification or plate-like welding wire continuously again through annealing, extruding, standby.
3. Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire according to claim 1, the percentage by weight of its main chemical are Mg 5, Mn 0.7, Zr 0.1, Sc 0.75, Ti 0.1, Na+K≤15ppm, H≤0.4ppm, Al surplus.
4. Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire according to claim 1, the percentage by weight of its main chemical are Mg 6, Mn 0.7, Zr 0.05, Sc 0.5, Ti 0.05, Na+K≤15ppm, H≤0.4ppm, Al surplus.
5. Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire according to claim 1, the percentage by weight of its main chemical are Mg 7, Mn 0.6, Zr 0.25, Sc 0.4, Ti 0, Na+K≤15ppm, H≤0.4ppm, Al surplus.
6. Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire according to claim 1, the percentage by weight of its main chemical are Mg 7.5, Mn 0.65, Zr 0.2, Sc 0.2, Ti 0, Na+K≤15ppm, H≤0.4ppm, Al surplus.
7. Al-Mg-Sc series solder wire according to claim 1, the percentage by weight of its main chemical are Mg 6.5, Mn 0.5, Zr 0.15, Sc 1.0, Ti 0, Na+K≤15ppm, H≤0.4ppm, Al surplus.
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