CN1954173A - 用于产生基本均匀的被照亮外观的照明装置 - Google Patents

用于产生基本均匀的被照亮外观的照明装置 Download PDF

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CN1954173A
CN1954173A CNA2005800085456A CN200580008545A CN1954173A CN 1954173 A CN1954173 A CN 1954173A CN A2005800085456 A CNA2005800085456 A CN A2005800085456A CN 200580008545 A CN200580008545 A CN 200580008545A CN 1954173 A CN1954173 A CN 1954173A
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马克·J·迈尔
保罗·索瑟德
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
    • F21S4/20—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports
    • F21S4/28—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports rigid, e.g. LED bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/24—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • F21V7/30—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V15/00—Protecting lighting devices from damage
    • F21V15/01—Housings, e.g. material or assembling of housing parts
    • F21V15/013—Housings, e.g. material or assembling of housing parts the housing being an extrusion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F21V17/16—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening by deformation of parts; Snap action mounting
    • F21V17/164—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening by deformation of parts; Snap action mounting the parts being subjected to bending, e.g. snap joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V27/00—Cable-stowing arrangements structurally associated with lighting devices, e.g. reels 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/005—Reflectors for light sources with an elongated shape to cooperate with linear light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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Abstract

本发明提供一种照明装置，其用于沿着该装置的长度方向产生基本均匀的被照亮的外观。该照明装置包括：细长外壳；LED，安装在该细长外壳内；以及反射镜。该细长外壳包括透明部。该反射镜相对于该LED设置以使将从该LED射出的光线向细长外壳的透明部反射并且沿着该照明装置的长度方向传播。

Description

用于产生基本均匀的被照亮外观的照明装置
技术领域
本发明主要涉及一种照明装置，具体地说，本发明涉及一种用于沿照明装置长度方向产生基本均匀的被照亮外观的照明装置。该照明装置特别适用于模拟霓虹灯，然而，应当理解本发明还适于其它用途。
背景技术
霓虹灯广泛应用于建筑照明系统，以将观看者的注意力引到建筑物上。霓虹灯是易碎的，需要高电压并消耗大量的能源，且具有不一致的寿命。因此，进行了许多尝试，用更有效的和更持久的照明系统取代霓虹灯。
在该技术中，已经使用发光二极管(“LED”)来模拟霓虹灯。这种设置包括，在透镜的后方线性地安装多个LED以实现均匀的被照亮外观。这些产品使用电路板，其中的LED在一起间隔非常近，通常至少间隔0.5英寸或者更少。由于每英尺中LED的数量，这些系统会消耗更多能源，并且由于环境的干扰容易失效。LED邻近的原因是，为了使透镜上的暗点或低亮度点最小化。
对于较宽间隔的LED，LED的亮度分布重叠不充分，当从一定距离观看时暗点会很明显。已经使用了插座基底(socket base)的LED来缓解由于移除了电路板而引起的环境问题。然而，这些系统在LED之间通常具有较大的间距，因此使得透镜上暗点的尺寸和明显程度最大化。
因此，期望提供一种具有LED的照明装置，其沿照明装置长度方向产生基本均匀的被照亮外观，同时又能克服上述缺陷。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种照明装置，其用于沿装置长度方向产生基本均匀的被照亮外观。该照明装置包括细长外壳、安装在细长外壳内的LED、及反射镜。细长外壳包括透明部。该反射镜相对于LED设置，从而LED射出的光射向细长外壳的透明部。
根据本发明的另一方面，该照明装置包括LED、用于LED的细长透镜盖、及反射镜。该反射镜在与该照明装置长度方向基本垂直的轴线上校准从LED射出的光，并使光沿照明装置长度方向漫射。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的照明装置的透视图，其中露出了照明装置的支撑槽的一部分；
图2是图1的照明装置的侧视截面图；
图3是图1的照明装置的主视图；
图4是根据可选实施例的照明装置的侧视截面图，其中从装置上移除了光源。
具体实施方式
虽然结合优选实施例对本发明进行描述，但应该理解，本发明并不限于该实施例。相反，在不背离所附权利要求所定义的本发明的精神和范围的前提下，本发明覆盖所有的替换、修改和等同变换。
如图1所示，用于沿装置长度方向产生基本均匀的被照亮外观的照明装置包括细长外壳或盖子12、安装在外壳内的LED14、及也安装在细长外壳内的反射镜16。该照明装置还包括槽形支撑体18，其上可以安装LED14或多个LED。
参照图2，细长外壳包括透明部22以及通过透明部相互连接的两个不透明支架24、26。外壳的横截面具有大致侧向的U型或V型结构。优选地，外壳由挤压成形的塑料材料制成。此外，透明部22通常涂上颜色，以与从LED射出的光的颜色相匹配，并且不透明支架与透明部的颜色相匹配。连接支架28从与透明部22相对的不透明支架的端部向外延伸。连接支架28和不透明支架24限定了容纳槽32。类似地，不透明支架26包括从与透明部相对的端部向外延伸的连接支架34。连接支架34和不透明支架26限定了容纳槽36。槽32、36适于容纳槽形支撑体18的一部分，下面将更加详细地描述该连接。
继续参照图2，槽形支撑体18包括：第一支架38；第二支架42，与第一支架间隔设置；以及互接第三支架44，通常与第一支架38和第二支架42垂直。槽形支撑体至少部分地容纳在细长外壳12内。第一支架38紧靠不透明支架24的一部分，第二支架42紧靠第二不透明支架26的一部分。
从互接支架44向透明部22突出的是延伸部46、48。延伸部大致位于第一支架38和第二支架42的中间，并垂直于互接支架44而突出。第一延伸部46从互接支架突出，并朝向透明部地比第二延伸部48稍微长一些。延伸部限定了槽50。反射镜16的第一末端部52容纳在槽50中。槽形支撑体18的第一支架38在最靠近透明部22的一端具有凹口54。凹口54容置与第一末端部52相对的反射镜的第二末端部56。
第二支架42在最靠近透明部22的一端具有凸起58。凸起58基本垂直于第二支架42地朝向第一支架38而突出。凸起58、第二支架42、互接壁44及延伸部48限定了容纳LED14及其供电部件的槽62。
图中描述的LED14为现有技术中已知的常规LED。LED14从与外部电源连接的电源线64接收电能。电源线是柔性的，由用于保护元件的塑料衬套覆盖，然而在可选的实施例中，LED也可以安装于电路板。如图2所示，为使LED14安装于槽形支撑体18，LED与电源线的部分夹在第二延伸部48与第二支架42之间，并且LED14与电源线64夹在凸起58和互接壁44之间。通过摩擦配合可以实现安装，或者设置粘合剂或扣件以将LED连接至槽形支撑体。
槽形支撑体18的第一支架38在与凹口54相对的一端具有脚部66。脚部66基本垂直于互接壁44地与互接壁44间隔设置。延伸部68从脚部66的端部凸起进入容纳槽32，延伸部68具有倒钩72，该倒钩紧靠连接支架28的倒钩74，以使槽形支撑体18扣住细长外壳12。同样地，第二支架42在与凸起58相对的一端具有脚部76。延伸部78从脚部76突出并进入容纳槽36，其中延伸部78具有紧靠倒钩84的倒钩82，以使槽形支撑体18扣住细长外壳12。倒钩在槽形支撑体18与细长外壳12之间具有摩擦接合。再次参照图1，通过纵向滑动槽形支撑体，槽形支撑体18可以从细长外壳12上移除。
脚部66、76还在互接支架44部分伸出悬臂。脚部66、第一支架38、以及互接支架44限定了槽86。类似地，脚部76、第二支架42、及互接支架44限定了槽88。脚部66、76作为接合件，而槽86、88的尺寸设置为，容纳固定于建筑结构的连接件(未示出)。同样，槽86、88可以容纳能够将一个照明装置连接至相邻照明装置的连接件(未示出)。
下面将利用水平和垂直轴线更具体地描述反射镜16。水平轴线是沿照明装置10的长度方向延伸的而垂直轴线平行于槽形支撑体18的互接支架44。出现在附图中的这些术语仅用于方便对反射镜的描述，并无意将本发明限定于这样的结构。LED面向反射镜并垂直地面向透明部22，因此从LED射出的光在到达透明盖之前先到达反射镜，这降低了在与照明装置相距一定距离的观看者明显地看到暗点的可能性。
在图2中，反射镜16被定形为，其将光线沿照明装置垂直轴线聚焦，在水平轴上将光进行传播。在图2的横截面中，反射镜16的形状为弓形。如图2所示，弓形将从LED射出的光朝向透明部22聚焦。反射镜没有在水平轴上弯曲，并且从正视图(图3)观看时显示为平的。因为反射镜没有在水平面弯曲，所以反射镜不会在水平方向聚焦光。如图3所示，反射镜16沿照明装置10的长度方向传播光。因此，沿照明装置的长度方向看不到暗点，而且LED可以彼此间隔设置，从而可以获得能量效率。
虽然图2所示的反射镜16的横截面为弓形，但其也可以为其它形状，例如直线或更加复杂的曲线形状。反射镜根据期望的亮度和需要的均匀度可以由从100％的反射材料到100％的漫射材料制成。反射镜可以由白漫射塑料(white diffused plastic)、金属自粘胶带(metrallic self-adhesive tape)、成形的金属反射镜、真空镀膜表面(vacuum metalized surface)等制成。漫射越强的表面提供越高的均匀性，但射出亮度降低。反射越强的表面具有越高的亮度，但沿透明部显示亮度变化的危险就越大。反射镜也可以由市场上可获得的沿垂直和水平轴线具有不同漫射特性的材料制成。选择沿水平轴线具有较强漫射的同时又在垂直轴线上保持较高的反射度的材料可以提供沿照明装置长度方向的更高的光线均匀性。
图2中同样需要注意的是，通过减小侧壁的反射，在垂直轴线上聚集光线增加了光线的强度。请注意反射镜16是如何定形和定位的，使得从LED射出的光从LED射向反射镜，反射镜将光射向透明部22，其中光不会碰到不透光壁24、26。同样，如图3所示，通过在照明装置长度方向上重叠亮度分布，反射镜的形状增加了光的均匀性。
参照图3，多个LED彼此间隔设置。通过使用反射镜16，LED可以比已知霓虹灯模拟装置，彼此间隔得更远。例如，相邻LED的中点之间的距离x大于0.5英寸。优选地，间隔x大约为2英寸。
根据需要由照明装置10射出的光的颜色，可以将部件或元件加入装置中。例如，如果要从装置中射出白光，磷光剂可以加入装置中。明显地，射出白光的LED可以用于该装置中；然而，白光LED比标准的蓝光LED寿命短且消耗更多的能源。在将磷光剂加入该装置的一个实例中，标准蓝光LED发射器，通过涂有有效的匹配的磷光剂以产生反射白光的反射镜，以进行反射。磷光剂可以浸入、喷溅、嵌入到反射镜上或反射镜内(或通过其它已知方法)，以获得期望的反射输出。在另一实施例中，装置10的透明部22可以涂覆磷光剂。同样地，磷光剂可以浸入、喷溅、嵌入到反射镜上或反射镜内(或通过其它已知方法)，以获得期望的输出。
如图4所示，在可选实施例中，磷光剂插入物92插入在反射镜16和透明部22之间。从LED射出的蓝光，在光穿过磷光剂插入物92后，看到的就是从透明部射出的白光。
已参照附图对本发明进行了描述，应该理解本发明不限于那些精确实施例。在不脱离权利要求限定的本发明的精神范围前提下，本领域技术人员可以进行各种更改和替换。

Claims (24)

1.一种照明装置，用于沿所述装置长度方向产生基本均匀的被照亮的外观，所述装置包括：
细长外壳，具有透明部；
LED，安装在所述细长外壳内；以及
反射镜，相对于所述LED定位，以使得从所述LED射出的光从所述反射镜射向所述细长外壳的所述透明部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，还包括槽形支撑体，其连接至所述细长外壳、与所述透明部相对，其中所述LED安装于所述槽形支撑体，并且所述槽形支撑体包括适于容纳相关的连接件的接合件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜使从所述LED射出的光沿所述装置第一轴线漫射。
4.根据权利要求3所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜将光聚焦在与所述第一轴线基本垂直的第二轴线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜由光漫射特性沿第一轴线比沿第二轴线强的材料组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜具有磷光剂材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜在沿所述装置的第一轴线截取的横截面基本是平的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜在基本垂直于所述第一轴线而截取的横截面为弓形。
9.根据权利要求8所述的照明装置，其中，所述第一轴线与所述装置的长度方向对准，并且所述第二轴线与所述装置的宽度方向对准。
10.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中，所述LED面向与所述细长外壳的透明部基本垂直的方向。
11.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，还包括第二LED，其中所述LED定位成彼此间隔大于0.5英寸。
12.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，还包括柔性电源线，其中所述LED连接至所述柔性电源线。
13.根据权利要求1所述的照明装置，其中，所述细长外壳包括通过所述透明部而相互连接的第一不透明支架和第二不透明支架，并且所述反射镜适于将光射向所述透明部，以使所述光不碰到所述第一和第二不透明支架中至少一个。
14.一种照明装置，包括：
LED；
细长透镜盖，用于所述LED；以及
反射镜，靠近所述LED定位，其中，所述反射镜适于将从所述LED射出的光沿第一轴线聚焦，并且将从所述LED射出的光沿第二轴线漫射。
15.根据权利要求14所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜定形为，将光沿所述透镜盖的第一轴线聚焦，并将光沿所述透镜盖的第二轴线漫射。
16.根据权利要求14所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜包括光沿所述透镜盖的所述第二轴线漫射比沿所述透镜盖的所述第一轴线漫射多的材料。
 17.根据权利要求14所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜包括与所述LED面对的方向成非直角的部分。
18.根据权利要求17所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜在基本垂直于所述第二轴线而截取的横截面中是弯曲的。
19.根据权利要求18所述的照明装置，其中，所述反射镜在基本垂直于所述第一轴线而截取的横截面中不是弯曲的。
20.根据权利要求19所述的照明装置，还包括第二LED，其中所述LED定位成，彼此间隔大于0.5英寸。
21.一种照明装置，包括：
细长外壳，具有透明部；
LED，安装在所述细长外壳内；
反射镜，适于将光射向所述透明部；以及
磷光剂部，定位成使得从所述LED射出的光被所述磷光剂部反射和/或穿过所述磷光剂部。
22.根据权利要求21所述的照明装置，其中，所述磷光剂部粘附于或嵌入所述透明部。
23.根据权利要求21所述的照明装置，其中所述磷光剂部粘附于或嵌入所述反射镜。
24.根据权利要求21所述的照明装置，其中所述磷光剂部包括插入在所述反射镜和所述透明部之间的磷光剂插入物。
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