CN1950138A - 可吸附的气态燃料存储系统及燃料的生产方法 - Google Patents

可吸附的气态燃料存储系统及燃料的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1950138A
CN1950138A CNA2005800126009A CN200580012600A CN1950138A CN 1950138 A CN1950138 A CN 1950138A CN A2005800126009 A CNA2005800126009 A CN A2005800126009A CN 200580012600 A CN200580012600 A CN 200580012600A CN 1950138 A CN1950138 A CN 1950138A
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mentioned
storage tank
gas
compressed
lining
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尤里·金茨堡
瓦迪姆·贝林
巴鲁赫·富
列夫·蔡登贝格
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ANGSTORE TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
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ANGSTORE TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
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Abstract

一种吸附气体存储系统,包括处于存储罐内的多个团块单元。在某些实施方式中,各团块单元包括衬壁或开式容器,被压缩的气体吸附颗粒与衬壁相联,用于外部支撑。在某些实施方式中,衬壁或容器保持团块单元的形式。衬壁或容器不形成压力密封容器,在某些实施方式中,衬壁或容器的局部压力小于罐内的气体压力。气体吸附材料包括但不限于甲烷和氢吸附材料,比如活性碳、沸石及其它烃气体及/或氢吸附材料。各团块单元包括一个包裹层,用于防止上述颗粒在存储罐内流动。存储系统包括至少一个团块单元热量散发吸附机构。此外还公开了一种制造上述气体吸附系统的方法。本发明的某些实施方式提供一种甲烷动力车辆,包括但不限于汽车、公共汽车、卡车及船舶,包括配用压缩甲烷吸附颗粒的存储系统。

Description

可吸附的气态燃料存储系统及燃料的生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种存储及分配系统,其中,可吸附的特定气体是固态吸附媒体中的吸附性气体,该可吸附的特定气体包括但不限于气态燃料、气态烃、甲烷及氢气。
背景技术
天然气(NG)是未来的替代性燃料。然而不幸的是,天然气通常难以存储,而且天然气存储需要极高的压力及/或极低的温度。到目前为止,在商业上通常采用二种NG存储技术。
第一种存储技术在极高压下存储被压缩后的天然气(CNC),该高压条件比如为:正常环境温度下,200-250巴。这些压力需要特殊设计的加强罐,加强罐既大又重。此外,气体压缩需成本高昂,而且需要多级高压压缩处理。收容压缩天然气的高压容器具有显著的易燃易爆性。
此外,液化天然气(LNG)重新冷却到-161.5℃,且在中等压力下存储。为进行液化及气化,该技术采用复杂的高成本液化设备及保温罐,还需要大量的能耗(原气能量15-25%)。
CNG及LNG技术采用圆柱形或球形存储罐,从而在相邻的容器之间需要较大的空间。
被吸附的天然气(ANG)是上述天然气存储技术的未来的替代产品,因为同样的NG可以在室温下以更低的压力来存储(35-40巴),罐壁可以更薄,压力可以更低。此外,该方法不需要昂贵且笨重的气体压缩或液化设备以及绝热罐等。ANG罐与NG高压罐的圆柱形状相比,可以具有任意形状。因而,罐子可以适于各种空间,比如当今汽车所用的汽油或柴油罐。
ANG技术的显著特性包括容器内的高吸附性及热量管理系统。ANG系统的特征在于,具有吸附能力,可以存放及输送最大容量的气体。当今,基于活性碳的吸附剂是有前途的。吸附材料的微孔性(分散微孔体积)最好达到最大,从而使微孔材料的原子所占据的空间及晶体包装所浪费的空间均达到最小。
在天然气吸附性存储的特定场合下,在多数情况下,吸附效率的测定手段是:在特定压力及室温下,吸附剂单位体积气体的吸附容量。吸附剂单位体积气体的吸附容量的计算公式是:Vv=(Vw)·(d),式中,Vw表示单位体积吸附材料的吸附容量,d表示吸附粒的密度。在材料压缩后,密度d便增加,因而单位体积Vv的吸附容量也增加。
活性碳吸附剂为粉末状或粒状。由于体积性能是决定因素,尤其是板上燃料罐,因而吸附剂需要压缩(固定)。
将包装后的吸附碳的直接放置到存储容器内,且具有足够的吸附密度,这是一项繁重的任务。在成团块或固定后,碳便成为另一种形式。成团块的长处有二种。固定碳不会散开,而且/或不会在存储容器内流动,从而在排放时不会被气流带走,与粒状或粉末状碳相比,利用固体碳,可以易于容器的高密度包装。
因此,当前所应用的罐体设计基于多空间概念(图1),其中,罐壳1a包括多个空间6,各空间用作气体存储压力容器,还用作吸附团块3a的容器。该概念面临二个主要困难。
第一个困难是,罐壳设计复杂,其制造需要特殊的形状,且需要采用复杂的设备。第二个困难是,需要具有高机械强度的碳团块。
为了使碳团块具有所需的机械强度,在吸附剂内加进大量的粘合剂。但化学粘合剂会影响吸附性能,因为粘合剂易于使甲烷包容碳微孔,从而降低存储性及运输性。此外,粘接材料会增大吸附团块的体积,而不会同时增加各团块体内气体吸附材料的量。
对吸附气体存储系统的需要正在日益增加,包括存储罐内的机械稳定吸附剂。当前的技术不能为该需要提供明确的答案,因为一方面,高强度团块需要强大的粘接材料,另一方面,该粘接剂会降低吸附性。补偿这一不足的其它化学技术极为复杂且成本高昂,还未产生出所希望的结果。
此外,对吸附气体存储系统的需要日益增长,从而降低甲烷对吸附剂的吸附及/或解吸所需的时间,以便减少充罐时间及/或气体离罐时间。甲烷气体吸附到吸附剂上,是一种放热过程,当气体吸附到吸附剂上后,罐内的环境温度便上升,从而降低甲烷的吸附率。同样,气体的吸附会降低环境压力及罐内的温度,从而增加从罐体传送吸附气体所需的时间。对气体吸附期间的罐体除热及气体退吸期间的放热的系统及方法有日益增长的需要。放热及传热最好能在整个罐内相对统一,从而对容器内的所有吸附剂提供最佳的条件。
下列专利技术及公开的专利文献在此被引用,它们提供相对的背景技术:
US6019823公开一种固态物理吸附剂,其含有所吸附的液体,且收容于盒内,用于基于吸附的液体存储及分配系统;
“甲烷存储及运输的新方法”一文由L.L.Vasiliev等在“热管,热泵及制冷器”Minsk,2000一文中公开,它公开了一种多空间甲烷存储罐,包括处于罐内的热管;
US4,744,21;US6,660,063;US4599,867。
发明内容
本发明的各方面可满足上述需要。
提供一种气体存储系统,包括一个存储罐,一种气体燃料,包括在总气体压力下存储于存储罐内的吸附气体,以及多个处于存储罐内的团块单元,用于吸附气体燃料。
在某种实施方式中,各团块单元包括至少一个特定的开式容器,该开式容器的任何密封都会形成封闭的容器,其压力小于罐内的气体总压力,压缩材料,用于吸附容器内的气体燃料。
气体燃料示例包括但不限于气体烃,比如甲烷气体及氢气。
在某些实施方式中,被压缩的特定物质包括甲烷,其吸附被压缩的特定物质,比如活性碳。此外,被压缩的特定物质包括氢-吸附压缩特定物质,比如可逆性金属氢化物。
应注意的是,本发明提供的开式容器或团块单元的衬壁可对被压缩的气体燃料吸附粉末提供内部支撑,从而无需加进粘接剂。否则,本发明的开式容器或衬壁无需具有任何余外的额外机械强度,从而可保持团块的形状。这样,本发明的开式容器或衬壁无需采用气密式容器,开式容器或衬壁也无需具有压力密封容器所需的机械强度,从而可承受等于或基本等于外存储罐内环境压力或者气体燃料的特定压力的压力差。这样,与在压缩罐内产生压缩罐的系统不同,本发明的气体存储系统不对团块单元产生这种要求,因而可降低衬壁的成本,从而可减小壁厚,进而可节省空间。
在某些实施方式中,开式容器的任何密封可产生一种密闭容器,其压力小于气体燃料的特定压力。
在某些实施方式中,开式容器的任何密封可产生一种密闭容器,其压力至少小于指定气体压力及吸附气体燃料的特定压力的50%。
在某些实施方式中,在容器外表面与存储罐的内表面之间有一个间隙。不受限于任何理论,应注意的是,该间隙可用于团块单元与存储罐的外部环境热绝缘。
在某些实施方式中,部分开启的容器包括多个孔,用于向被压缩的特定物质扩散吸附气体燃料。
在某些实施方式中,被压缩的特定物质被压缩为至少部分形成支撑颗粒。
在某些实施方式中,被压缩的特定物质被压缩为超过等于局部压力或开式容器的压力。
各团块单元可以包括一个包裹层,其与容器相联,用于形成一种包容特定物质的气孔,从而防止特定物质产生流动。
在某些实施方式中,被压缩的特定物质包括化学粘接剂材料。
在某些实施方式中,被压缩的特定物质至少包括被压缩的粉末及被压缩的颗粒。
在某些实施方式中,存储系统还包括一种机构,用于对至少一个团块单元供热或排热。
对传热机构没有要求。在某些实施方式中,传热机构至少包括一个渠道,用于传送气体及/或液体,其中,该渠道穿过团块单元。
在某些实施方式中,传热机构至少包括一个传热载体,其选自于气体渠道、热管或液体渠道。
在某些实施方式中,传热载体起着开式容器承载元件的作用。
在某些实施方式中,承载元件直接承载容器。
在某些实施方式中,承载元件通过匹配件来承载容器,其包括一个传热良导体。
在某些实施方式中,传热机构至少包括一个热源及一个散热器,处于存储罐的外部。
在某些实施方式中,至少一个热源及散热器可由一个电加热器、一个液体燃料加热器、一个气体燃料加热器、一个空气热交换器及一个水热交换器来代表。
在某些实施方式中,被压缩的特定物质处于容器之内,从而在容器内表面与被压缩颗粒的外表面与之间没有空隙。不受限于任何理论,应注意的是,被压缩颗粒与外部颗粒传热容器之间的直接接触可增强团块单元的传热,从而提高传热机构的效率。
首次公开的这种气体存储系统包括一个存储罐,其具有压力,而且多个团块单元处于该存储罐内,各团块单元包括至少部分开启的容器,其结构为:开式容器的任何密封均会形成封闭容器,其压力小于存储罐的压力,被压缩颗粒用于吸附气体燃料,包括容器内的气体烃燃料及氢气。
在某些实施方式中,在开式容器的形成中,开式容器的任何密封均会形成密闭容器,其压力至少小于存储罐压力的20%。
首次公开的这种气体存储系统包括一个存储罐及处于存储罐内的多个团块单元。
在某些实施方式中,各团块单元包括一个衬壁及压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,其中,衬壁包括多个孔,用于气体扩散,并对压缩颗粒提供外部支撑。
在某些实施方式中,气体燃料吸附颗粒被压缩,从而形成至少部分自支撑集合体。
在某些实施方式中,衬壁用于保持团块单元的形式。
在某些实施方式中,对至少一个团块单元而言,衬壁的多个内表面与压缩颗粒的表面接触。
在某些实施方式中,衬壁不形成压力容器的一部分。
首次公开的这种气体存储系统包括一个具有压力的存储罐;多个团块单元处于存储罐内。在某些实施方式中,各团块单元包括至少部分开式容器及颗粒,用于吸附气体燃料,该燃料包括容器内的气体烃及氢,颗粒物质被压缩,其压力等于开式容器的局部压力。
首次公开的这种气体存储系统包括一个存储罐及处于存储罐内的多个团块单元。各团块单元包括压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,衬壁用于对颗粒进行外部支撑,包裹层与衬壁相联,从而形成颗粒物质的气孔层,用于防止颗粒流动。
首次公开的这种气体存储系统包括一个存储罐及处于存储罐内的多个团块单元。各团块单元包括压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,衬壁用于对压缩颗粒进行外部支撑,包裹层与衬壁相联,从而形成颗粒物质的气孔层,用于防止颗粒流动。
首次公开的这种气体存储系统包括一个存储罐及处于存储罐内的多个团块单元。各团块单元包括压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,气孔层用于对颗粒进行外部支撑。
首次公开的这种气体存储系统包括一个存储罐及处于存储罐内的多个团块单元。各团块单元包括压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,衬壁用于对压缩颗粒进行外部支撑,至少一个渠道穿过团块单元,用于流动气体或液体。应注意的是,流经渠道的液体或气体用于对团块单元进行传热或散热。
本发明实施方式中的吸附天然气技术的示例包括但不限于车载气罐,比如卡车、汽车、公共汽车及装甲车,用于商业及家庭消费及海上气体运输。
首次公开的这种技术中的机动车包括燃料气体机器,比如气体烃、甲烷及氢,车载气体存储系统包括一个存储罐及处于存储罐内的多个团块单元,还包括一个机构,用于从气体存储系统向机器传送上述气体燃料。在某些实施方式中,各团块单元包括一个衬壁及压缩颗粒物质,用于吸附气体燃料,其中,衬壁对压缩颗粒提供外部支撑。
首次公开的这种系统装配方法用于存储气体燃料,包括气体烃、甲烷及氢。该方法在支撑壁内,向制模或刚性制模提供气体燃料吸附颗粒,从而在支撑壁内用颗粒来形成团块单元,使与上述支撑壁关联的团块单元脱离上述制模,从而在存储罐内展开与支撑壁关联的团块。
在某些实施方式中,成形过程包括对气体燃料吸附颗粒施加压缩力,从而形成团块。
在展开之后,该方法还包括向存储罐内加进气体燃料,从而吸附到团块上。
首次公开的这种系统装配方法用于存储气体燃料,包括气体烃、甲烷及氢。该方法在支撑壁内提供气体燃料吸附颗粒,从而在支撑壁内用颗粒来形成团块单元,从而在存储罐内展开与支撑壁关联的团块。在某些实施方式中,在展开过程中,向罐内插入团块,然后在插入过程中使团块脱离吸附气体燃料。
在展开之后,该方法还包括向存储罐内加进气体燃料,从而吸附到团块上。
通过说明书及示例,可以明晓这些实施方式。
附图说明
图1表示包括多个空间的多空间罐,其中,各空间用于气体存储加压容器,且用作吸附团块的容器。
图2表示本发明实施方式的吸附气体存储系统。
图3表示建立吸附气体存储系统的多个示例制造过程。
图4表示示例制模系统,用于压缩特定物质,从而使渠道穿过压缩颗粒物质。
图5表示本发明实施方式的吸附气体存储系统。
图6表示本发明实施方式的热传递系统。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的某些实施方式,存储罐包括一个或多个团块单元,其中,各团块单元包括与衬壁相关联的压缩气体吸附颗粒,用于保持团块单元的形状,该系统可用于存储吸附气体,比如天然气及氢气。尽管本发明不排除采用粘接剂,比如聚合物粘接剂或其它化学粘接剂,用于保持团块单元的整体性,然而应注意的是,本发明不需要这种粘接剂。不受限于任何特定理论,应注意的是,在某些实施方式中,粘接剂材料可降低吸附团块单元的吸附性能,因而可用于压缩颗粒,比如压缩吸附颗粒或压缩吸附粉末,用来产生外部支撑,从而用支撑壳体、衬壁、外壳、屏蔽层、容器或膜片来维持它的形状。
任何具有适当厚度且对压缩颗粒提供机械支撑的已知材料对于团块单元的衬壁或开式容器都是适当的。在某些实施方式中,衬壁或开式容器包括良好的热导体,比如金属或传热塑料。示例材料包括但不限于铝、碳钢、不锈钢、钛、镁、锌及铜。在某些实施方式中,衬壁或开式容器包括传热性不好或一般的层叠体,并配用传热性较高的材料。
此外,应注意的是,本发明的原理可适用于任何压缩气体吸附颗粒物质。比如,气体吸附材料可包括但不限于碳,也可以是比如活性碳、沸石、粘土、铝土及硅胶。
图2表示用于存储吸附气体的存储罐,比如吸附天然气。尽管图2中的存储罐1为一体式罐体,但不限于本发明,在某些实施方式中,也可以采用多空间存储罐。
对罐壳1b的材料没有特别限制。示例材料包括但不限于金属、合成物、聚合物材料及其组合物。
如图2所示,罐壳1b为一体式棱形结构,从一侧用盖子32来封闭。多个团块单元包括压缩颗粒,处于罐壳1b之内,在壳体外表面或衬壁与罐壳内表面之间存在间隙42。不受任何理论限制,应注意的是,本间隙42用于使团块单元与罐壳1b的外部环境相隔绝。
应注意的是,团块单元可在罐壳1b内展开。
与采用圆柱罐体的CNG系统相比,任何形状及尺寸均适于存放多个团块的存储罐1b。因而,棱形形状罐1b只用于图示,不限定罐的形状。其它适当的形状包括但不限于球形及圆柱形,罐1b在某些实施方式中包括与其它形状罐的组合。同样,任何适当的形状或尺寸也适用于开式容器或压缩颗粒产生机械支撑的衬壁。在某些实施方式中,开式容器或衬壁的形状为,使热管或渠道穿过团块单元。
图2中的各团块单元3b包括传热材料的衬壁、壳体或开式容器4,以及吸附床15,其包括处于衬壁内的压缩颗粒。衬壁可以包括多个孔,其在容器或衬壁(不图示)内的直径较小,用于增大对压缩颗粒的气体扩散。容器上部可由盖子7来封闭,从而防止气体吸附颗粒在罐内流动,不过该封闭无需形成气密密封,以产生压力密封。衬壁、壳体或容器也可以包括二个分割件,通过焊接、熔接或其它方法来连接,其中,分割体可以是上下结构,也可以是左右结构(比如半圆柱形)。
各团块单元用包裹层来包裹,用于防止上述颗粒在罐内流动,其中,形成气孔层的任何材料均适合于包裹层。示例材料包括但不限于织物及网状物。不受任何特定理论的限制,在本实施方式中,存储罐可能产生突然的运动,比如车辆上的车载存储罐,最好对团块单元进行包裹,从而防止压缩颗粒从团块单元内流出,并在存储罐内流动。
不仅不特别要求与压缩气体吸附颗粒相关联的开式容器或衬壁必须气密,而且对容器或衬壁相对存储罐内气体压力或相对存储罐本身的压力的机构性能也不限制。因此,在某些实施方式中,衬壁或开式容器各部位的局部压力小于外存储罐1b内吸附气体的环境压力,及/或小于衬壁或开式容器所在的外存储罐内的总环境压力。
衬壁、膜片及开式容器的内表面及外表面的所谓“局部压力”或“开式容器压力”或“非封闭容器压力”,是任何封闭压力容器的最大压力,该压力容器通过整体密封来承受内外表面之间的任何压力差的作用力。
任何密封均包括对物体施用材料,从而使物体形成一种压力密封容器,对“密封”材料的强度或厚度没有限制。局部压力系指形成封闭容器的最大压力。此外,进行密封从而形成密封容器这一概念不限于封闭的衬壁或开式容器,而物体的局部压力被规定为施用任意数量的材料从而形成密封物体的最大压力,其中,整个物体本身承受内外表面之间的任何压力差的作用力。
这样,对压缩颗粒产生外部机械支撑的衬壁或开式容器的局部压力没有特定要求。因此可利用具有小于吸附气体及/或外存储罐总环境压力的局部压力的衬壁或开式容器。
这样,衬壁或开式容器的厚度可以承受小于吸附气体及/或外存储罐总环境压力的局部压力。
这样,还可利用局部压力小于团块单元所在的外存储罐的压力的衬壁或开式容器。对团块单元的衬壁或开式容器材料及厚度的唯一限制是:对压缩颗粒提供足够的外部机械支撑。因此,在某些实施方式中,衬壁或开式容器的局部压力与外部存储罐内的环境气体压力或者外存储罐内吸附气体的部分压力或者外存储罐内的总环境压力或者外部存储罐的压力相比,小于20%或40%或50%或60%或80%。
对与衬壁相关联或处于开式容器内的压缩颗粒的压缩程度没有特定限制。在特定实施方式中,压缩颗粒的压缩压力超过团块单元的支撑衬壁或开式容器的局部压力。
此外,应注意的是,对外部存储罐的压力、罐内吸附气体的压力、罐内的总环境压力没有限制。在某些实施方式中,天然气存储于存储罐内,其压力处于10巴至50巴之间。在某些实施方式中,天然气存储于压力大于80巴的存储罐内。同样,对吸附气体的存储于团块内的温度没有限制。在某些实施方式中,天然气在室温下存储。
团块单元的制造方法示例
对制造上述吸附气体存储系统的过程没有限制。但本发明的实施方式还提供一种形成该气体存储系统的制造过程。
图3A表示制造过程示例,包括提供衬壁、膜片或开式容器4(步骤1A),设置气体吸附颗粒53,比如衬壁或开式容器内的天然气吸附粉末(步骤2A),对气体吸附颗粒53施加压力(步骤3A),从而形成压缩气体吸附物质43(步骤4A)。接着,将多个团块单元3B包括压缩天然气吸附颗粒43放置到存储罐1B内(图3C,步骤5A)。
图3B表示制造过程的另一示例,包括向加强模54内提供衬壁或开式容器4(步骤1B),设置气体吸附颗粒53,比如衬壁或开式容器内的天然气吸附粉末(步骤2B),对气体吸附颗粒53施加压力(步骤3B),从而形成压缩气体吸附物质43(步骤4B)。接着,将多个团块单元3B包括压缩天然气吸附颗粒放置到存储罐1B内(图3C,步骤5B)。
衬壁或开式容器4也可以承受在步骤3A中提供的压力而不会产生永久性变形。尽管在施加压力的步骤中(步骤3B),图3B中的外模53对衬壁或开式容器4提供外部支撑,但无需在外存储罐1B内放置图3B中的外模53,如果衬壁或开式容器足以对团块单元的压缩气体吸附物质提供必要的机械支撑,则尤其如此。
图2-3所示的形状只是一种示例,团块单元的衬壁或开式容器4的任何合适形状均适于本发明。对衬壁或开式容器4无特别尺寸限制。在一种实施方式中,采用被压缩的活性碳粉在车上的罐内吸附甲烷气体,各团块单元内被压缩的特定物质体积约为600立方厘米。
图4表示示例制模系统,用于压缩特定物质,从而使渠道穿过团块单元或压缩颗粒物质。
图5表示本发明实施方式的吸附气体存储系统。在某些实施方式中,图5所示的存储系统适于车载天然气存储。
图6表示本发明实施方式的热传递系统。
在本发明的权利要求说明中,各词汇“含有”、“包括”、“以及”用于表示动词的对象不必用于动词的部件、元件或部分。
结合实施方式对本发明进行了说明,但不限于发明范围。实施方式包括各种特性,本发明实施方式并非需要其全部。本发明的某些实施方式只采有一些特性或可能的特性组合。业内人士可对本发明的各种变动进行不同的特性组合。发明范围只限于下列权利要求所述。

Claims (42)

1、一种气体存储系统,包括
a)一个存储罐;
b)一种气体燃料,选自于一组氢气及气体烃燃料,其在总气体压力下存储于存储罐内,上述气体包括吸附气体;以及
c)多个处于上述存储罐内的团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:
i)至少一个特定的开式容器,上述开式容器的任何密封都会形成封闭的容器,其压力小于上述气体总压力;
ii)压缩材料,用于吸附上述容器内的上述气体燃料。
2、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述被压缩的特定物质包括甲烷,其吸附被压缩的特定物质。
3、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述压缩特定物质包括氢气,其吸附被压缩的特定物质。
4、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述气体烃燃料包括甲烷。
5、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述开式容器的任何密封可产生一种密闭容器,其压力小于上述气体燃料的特定压力。
6、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述开式容器的任何密封可产生一种密闭容器,其压力至少小于指定气体压力及上述吸附气体燃料的特定压力的50%。
7、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,在上述容器外表面与上述存储罐的内表面之间有一个间隙。
8、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,部分开启的容器包括多个孔,用于向上述被压缩的特定物质扩散上述吸附气体燃料。
9、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述被压缩的特定物质被压缩为至少部分形成自支撑颗粒。
10、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述被压缩的特定物质被压缩为超过上述开式容器的局部压力。
11、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述各团块单元还包括:
iii)一个包裹层,其与上述容器相联,用于形成一种包容上述特定物质的气孔,从而防止上述特定物质产生流动。
12、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述被压缩的特定物质包括化学粘接剂材料。
13、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述被压缩的特定物质至少包括被压缩的粉末及被压缩的颗粒。
14、根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:
d)一种机构,用于对上述至少一个团块单元供热或排热。
15、根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中,上述传热机构至少包括一个渠道,用于传送气体及液体,上述渠道穿过上述团块单元。
16、根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中,上述机构至少包括一个传热载体,其选自于气体渠道、热管及液体渠道。
17、根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,上述传热载体起着上述开式容器承载元件的作用。
18、根据权利要求17所述的系统,其中,上述承载元件直接承载上述容器。
19、根据权利要求18所述的系统,其中,上述承载元件通过匹配件来承载上述容器,其包括一个传热良导体。
20、根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中,上述机构至少包括一个热源及一个散热器,处于上述存储罐的外部。
21、根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中,上述至少一个热源及散热器可由一个电加热器、一个液体燃料加热器、一个气体燃料加热器、一个空气热交换器及一个水热交换器来代表。
22、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述被压缩的特定物质处于上述容器之内,从而在上述容器内表面与上述被压缩颗粒的外表面之间没有空隙。
23、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,上述被压缩特定物质包括至少一种活性碳、沸石、粘土、铝土及硅胶。
24、一种气体存储系统,包括:
a)一个存储罐,其具有压力;以及
b)多个团块单元,处于上述存储罐内,上述各团块单元包括:
i)至少部分开启的容器,上述容器结构为:上述开式容器的任何密封均会形成封闭容器,其压力小于上述存储罐的上述压力;
ii)被压缩的特定物质用于吸附气体燃料,包括上述容器内的气体烃燃料及氢气。
25、根据权利要求24所述的气体存储系统,其中,上述开式容器的任何密封均会形成密闭容器,其压力至少小于上述存储罐的上述压力的20%。
26、一种气体燃料存储系统,包括:
a)一个存储罐;以及
b)处于上述存储罐内的多个团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:
i)一个衬壁;和
ii)压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,其中,上述衬壁包括多个孔,用于气体扩散,并对上述压缩颗粒提供外部支撑。
27、一种天然气存储系统,包括:
a)一个存储罐;以及
b)处于上述存储罐内的多个团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:
i)一个衬壁;和
ii)气体燃料吸附颗粒被压缩,从而形成至少部分自支撑集合体,上述衬壁用于对上述被压缩颗粒物质提供支撑。
28、根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,上述衬壁用于保持上述团块单元的形状。
29、根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,对上述至少一个团块单元而言,上述衬壁的多个内表面与上述压缩颗粒的表面接触。
30、根据权利要求27所述的系统,其中,上述衬壁不形成压力容器的一部分。
31、一种气体存储系统,包括:
a)一个存储罐;以及
b)处于上述存储罐内的多个团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:
i)一个至少部分开启的容器;
ii)特定物质,用于吸附气体燃料,该燃料包括上述容器内的气体烃及氢,其中,上述颗粒物质被压缩,其压力等于上述开式容器的局部压力。
32、一种气体存储系统,包括:
a)一个存储罐;以及
b)处于上述存储罐内的多个团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:
i)一个衬壁;和
ii)压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,上述衬壁用于对上述压缩颗粒进行外部支撑;
iii)一个包裹层,与上述衬壁相联,从而形成上述颗粒物质的气孔层,用于防止上述颗粒流动。
33、一种气体存储系统,包括:
a)一个存储罐;以及
b)处于上述存储罐内的多个团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:
i)一个气孔层衬壁;
ii)压缩气体燃料吸附颗粒,处于上述衬壁内,上述衬壁用于对上述压缩颗粒进行外部支撑。
34、一种气体存储系统,包括:
a)一个存储罐;以及
b)处于上述存储罐内的多个团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:
i)一个衬壁;
ii)压缩颗粒物质,处于上述衬壁内,上述衬壁对上述压缩颗粒提供外部支撑;
iii)至少一个渠道,用于进行热动力处理,包括加热上述颗粒及冷却上述颗粒,其方法是,使气体及液体等物质在从上述团块单元中穿过的上述渠道内流通。
35、一种机动车辆,包括:
a)发动机,采用气体燃料,包括气体烃、甲烷及氢;
b)车载气体存储系统,包括:
i)一个存储罐;以及
ii)处于上述存储罐内的多个团块单元,上述各团块单元包括:一个衬壁及压缩颗粒物质,用于吸附上述气体燃料,上述衬壁对上述压缩颗粒提供外部支撑;和
c)一种机构,用于从上述气体存储系统内将上述气体燃料提供给上述发动机。
36、一种用于存储气体燃料的系统装配方法,包括气体烃、甲烷及氢,该方法包括:
a)在支撑壁内提供气体燃料吸附颗粒;
b)在上述支撑壁内用颗粒来形成团块单元;
c)使与上述支撑壁关联的上述团块脱离上述制模;以及
d)在存储罐内展开与上述支撑壁关联的上述团块。
37、根据权利要求36所述的方法,其中,上述形成过程包括对上述气体燃料吸附颗粒施加压缩力,从而形成上述团块。
38、根据权利要求36所述的方法,还包括:
d)在上述展开之后,向上述存储罐内加进气体燃料,从而在上述团块上吸附上述气体燃料。
39、一种用于存储气体燃料的系统装配方法,包括气体烃、甲烷及氢,该方法包括:
a)在支撑壁内提供气体燃料吸附颗粒;
b)在上述支撑壁内用上述颗粒来形成团块单元;
c)在存储罐内展开与上述支撑壁关联的上述团块。
40、根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中,上述成形过程包括对上述气体燃料吸附颗粒施加压缩力,从而形成上述团块。
41、根据权利要求39所述的方法,还包括:
d)在上述展开之后,向上述存储罐内加进气体燃料,从而在上述团块上吸附上述气体燃料。
42、根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中,上述展开过程包括在上述罐内插入上述团块,上述团块在上述插入过程中基本脱离所吸附的气体燃料。
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