CN1949292A - Real-time testing system and method for speed and relative position of vehicle on expressway - Google Patents
Real-time testing system and method for speed and relative position of vehicle on expressway Download PDFInfo
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- CN1949292A CN1949292A CN 200610016407 CN200610016407A CN1949292A CN 1949292 A CN1949292 A CN 1949292A CN 200610016407 CN200610016407 CN 200610016407 CN 200610016407 A CN200610016407 A CN 200610016407A CN 1949292 A CN1949292 A CN 1949292A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a speed and relative position real time measuring system and method for the vehicles on highway. The system contains passive response device that contains unique radio frequency identification code that could show the location of itself, reader that is set on vehicle to send active signal and receive radio frequency information and take data exchange with server through wireless communication network, server that receives the radio frequency and takes analysis and process to gain the real time information and sends back to reader. The method also relates to the method to test the speed and relative position on highway by the device. It has the advantages of high accuracy and low cost, and needs not to be maintained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the intelligent transportation system field, particularly RFID (radio-frequency (RF) identification) is in the managerial application of expressway safety.
Background technology
The construction and development of highway network increase productivity to China's development, and the international competitiveness that strengthens under Background of Economic Globalization has a very important role.In the long term, the modernization to Chinese's people's livelihood mode alive also will produce material impact.
In recent years, China's highway was flourish, annual speed increase with several thousand kilometers.As the grand strategy resource of country, highway route is good, evenness of road surface, do not have level crossing and the interference of car at a slow speed, not only improves conevying efficiency, can also reduce the vehicle loss, and its superiority is very outstanding.
But at secure context, the highway of China has but shown higher accident rate and casualty rate, and this has formed striking contrast with external situation.Compare with ordinary highway, the mortality ratio of Foreign Expressway is about 43% of ordinary highway---and 76%; And China, expressway traffic accident rate and casualty rate but far exceed ordinary highway, are about 4 times and 8 times of ordinary highway respectively.Although it is many-sided causing the reason of traffic hazard, obviously exist design and the managerial problems of self in China's highway practice.Especially for the highway that has built up, how strengthening its management method, improve its ladder of management, is a research topic with high theory and actual value.
Correlative study shows, by the speed of a motor vehicle and the safe distance between vehicles of reasonable controller motor vehicle, can ensure the traffic safety of highway and unimpeded effectively, prevention and reduce traffic hazard.The 78 regulation of China's " law on road traffic safety implementing regulations ": highway should be indicated the travel speed in track, and max. speed must not surpass per hour 120 kilometers, and the minimum speed of a motor vehicle must not be lower than per hour 60 kilometers.The kart max. speed of running on expressway must not surpass per hour 120 kilometers, and other motor vehicles must not be above 100 kilometers.That is to say that the travel speed of the highway of China's regulation can not surpass 120 kilometers the soonest, should strict speed travel when speed limit traffic sign or speed limit pavement marker are arranged by the sign regulation.
Simultaneously, also stipulate in " implementing regulations ": at running on expressway, when the speed of a motor vehicle per hour surpasses 100 kilometers, should with the distance that keeps with the track front truck more than 100 meters, when the speed of a motor vehicle per hour is lower than 100 kilometers, with can suitably shorten with the track leading vehicle distance, but minor increment must not be less than 50 meters.According to general driving experience, the speed of a motor vehicle and safe distance between vehicles should be direct ratio, and during as 120 kilometers speed per hours, spacing should be 120 meters, and during 80 kilometers speed per hours, spacing should be 80 meters, and the rest may be inferred.
In the freeway management system of China, also very limited at present at the technical measures of speed limit, range line aspect.And more existing traffic detection techniques detect as magnetic induction, and ripple is vehicle detection frequently, Video Detection etc., and it mainly acts on is to detect vehicle flow and for the hypervelocity fine provides reference frame, can not reduce the accident rate and the casualty rate of highway.Simultaneously, various detection meanss all have shortcoming (seeing following table for details) separately, and the power issue that has limited in the development of its technology and the popularization of use, particularly highway is difficult to solve, and has limited the enforcement of relevant programme greatly.In addition, these detection techniques are all felt simply helpless to the safe distance detection of vehicle.Now the most frequently used range line method is that space confirmation sign and corresponding with it space confirmation graticule are set on highway, and its effect only is that the subjective judgement for the driver provides certain reference frame.Therefore, China manages and monitors this field at expressway safety and also exists very big blank.How utilizing modern electronic technology, carry out the safety management of highway accurately and effectively, is an extremely urgent research topic.
| Technology | Advantage | Shortcoming |
| Ultrasound examination | * volume is little, is easy to install | * performance reduces with environment temperature and airflow influence |
| Microwave is multispectral reins in detection | * the direct detection speed of the outstanding * of performance under weather extremes | The vehicle * that * can not detect static or low speed driving in mode forward with directional antenna tracking report track |
| Emblem ripple real scene detects | * the outstanding * of performance can detect static vehicle * and can the side direction mode detect the direct detection speed of multilane * under weather extremes | * being subjected to height and distance limit * installs on the high side |
| The visible light Video Detection | * can be Incident Management provides visual image * can provide a large amount of traffic management information * separate unit video cameras and processor can detect multilane | * oversize vehicle can block accompanying dilly * shade, ponding reflection or conversion round the clock and can cause the detection error |
| Infrared video detects | The problem * that * can adopt same algorithm round the clock and solve round the clock conversion can provide a large amount of traffic management informations | * may need good infrared ray focal plane detecting device, just to reduce reliability and realize high sensitivity with improving power |
| Acoustic detection | * discern this vehicle according to the acoustic feature of particular vehicle | * need received signal is carried out a large amount of processing of removing background noise elimination sound for the identification vehicle |
| Magnetometer detects | * can detect dilly, comprise that bicycle * is adapted at inconvenience the employing of coil occasion is installed | * be difficult to differentiate vertically too close vehicle |
| Inductive coil detects | * standardization * counting is very accurate for the coil electron-amplifier | * the * that need suspend traffic is repaired or installed to installation process to the very big * of reliability and life-span influence influences pavement life |
| The GPS positioning system | * technology maturation, be easy to grasp * and install simple | * precision is not enough, and is subjected to the control * of U.S. government to be subject to weather effect |
REID RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) begins to rise a kind of of automatic identification technology the nineties in 20th century, promptly carries out the noncontact bidirectional data communication by wireless radio frequency mode target is discerned.The RFID technology need not direct contact, need not optical visible, need not manual intervention can finish the information input and handle, and it is convenient to operation, can work under the various rugged surroundings, can be widely used in producing, needs such as logistics, traffic, transportation, medical treatment, false proof, tracking, equipment and asset management are collected and the application of deal with data.
At present the RFID technology is in the period of rapid rising, and it is one of the most promising application technology in this century that this technology is known as by industry.Especially along with the REID theory enrich constantly and perfect, the recognition of single-chip electronic tag, multiple electronic label, wireless-readable can be write, the remote identification of passive electronic label, the REID that adapts to the high-speed mobile object is becoming a reality with product and move towards application.Among China's rfid system has been widely used in automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system, drive-in toll (ETC) system, equipment (logistics) automatic identification (AEI) system and gate inhibition's identification (GAI) system, promoted the development of China's intelligent transportation system (ITS) greatly.
The most basic rfid system is made up of three parts:
1. label (Tag, i.e. radio-frequency card):
Be made up of coupling element and chip, label contains built-in aerial, be used for and radio-frequency antenna between communicate.
On frequency of operation, be divided into low frequency, medium-high frequency, ultrahigh frequency and microwave.
From decipherment distance, be divided into close coupling close (0 ~ 1cm), distant coupling (0 ~ 1m) and long range systems (＞1m).
From the energy supply, radio-frequency (RF) tag is divided into active and passive two kinds.Passive RF label, himself does not have power supply.Therefore, all energy of using of passive RF label work must be obtained from the electromagnetic field that reader sends.In contrast, active radio-frequency (RF) tag comprises a battery, for the work of microchip provides all or part of energy.
On working method, be divided into RTF and TTF dual mode, RTF (Reader Talk First) mode is the reader-talks-first mode, has only when electronic tag receives special command just to send data.And TTF (Tag Talk First) mode is a label elder generation manner of speaking, promptly initiatively sends self ID number in case radio-frequency card enters the energy field of reader.
Be divided into a Card Reader (RO), read-write card (RW) and write-once according to packaged type and repeatedly read card (WORW).
2. reader:
Read the equipment of (in read-write card, can also write) label information.Some system also is connected with outer computer (host computer main system) by the RS232 or the RS485 interface of reader, carries out exchanges data.Used for reference the multiple advanced person's of mobile communication technology simultaneously, space division multiple access for example, frequency division multiple access and CDMA etc. have successfully realized many labels recognition technologies simultaneously, the system that solved reads the anti-collision problem of a plurality of electronic tags.
Antenna: between label and reader, transmit radiofrequency signal.
The groundwork flow process of system is: reader produces induction current by the radiofrequency signal of emitting antenna transmission certain frequency when radio-frequency card enters the emitting antenna perform region, radio-frequency card obtains energy and is activated; Radio-frequency card sends information such as self coding by the card built-in aerial; System's receiving antenna receives the carrier signal of sending from radio-frequency card, is sent to reader through the antenna adjustments device, and reader carries out the demodulation sign indicating number to the signal that receives and delivers to the backstage main system then and carry out relevant treatment; Main system is judged the legitimacy of this card according to logical operation, makes corresponding processing and control at different settings, sends the action of command signal control executing mechanism.
Chinese patent 02113003 discloses a kind of early warning system that prevents that highway from knocking into the back and colliding.Its technical scheme is to comprise central processing unit CP and the detection line DL that is made up of microwave detector, road terminal and alarm indicator; Detection line DL is installed in the inboard of express highway all-way two-way lane equally spacedly and is connected with central processing unit CP by data transmission link L1, each detection line is connected with detection line before and after it respectively, and the road terminal among the detection line DL is connected with alarm indicator with microwave detector respectively.Comprise in the method for early warning with detection line numbering, car number, by time, roadside and send the coherent detection line to apart from the information code character of, the instant speed of a motor vehicle and the normal speed of a motor vehicle.Compile, handle the information that all detection lines of all fronts send by central processing unit at last, show the real time position and the traffic safety situation of all vehicles completely.This patent provides early warning system to utilize microwave detector as senser element, " physical location " that detect vehicle by detection line is that system is according to the residing position of vehicle, as following distance, vehicle speed, information such as information such as the relative velocity of forward and backward car and position, residing track self comprehensively judge whether to report to the police or alarm.
Chinese patent application 200310100163 discloses a kind of highway wayside signaling management system.This management system is divided into several end to end sealing highway sections with a highway, each equidistant position is provided with described wagon detector in the sealing highway section, each wagon detector links to each other by system bus, and system bus is connected with the command centre computing machine; Wagon detector comprises rfid transmissions and reader, microprocessor, power supply and flash of light alarm device; This management system also comprises a transponder that is attached on the vehicle, and described transponder stores the identifying information of current vehicle with the mode of artificial input or the input of electronics automatic coding at the place, expressway access; When the monitoring section operation of vehicle at highway, the reader on the monitoring network (detecting device of every 100-300 rice) constantly and the transponder on the vehicle carry out exchanges data, by the computing machine of network and traffic control center.REID has been adopted in this patented claim, and has proposed the public zoning of high speed is divided into the management method of closed interval, has reduced the difficulty of data processing and transmission.
Above-mentioned two patents or patented claim are in actual applications, the spacing of detecting device generally all is arranged on more than 100 meters or 100 meters, measurement to information such as the real time position of vehicle and the speed of a motor vehicle is can't be accurately detected, if and with the spacing of detecting device set up very near, certainly will increase system operation cost greatly, and reduce the reliability of total system.In addition, these two kinds of detection systems all need be installed the circuit module that has active devices such as microprocessor on highway, be difficult to reach the performance requirement of high reliability, and have the problem of system maintenance aspect.Thereby there is technical matters in the aspects such as information that above-mentioned patent or patented claim are discerned each car for road management, comprehensively.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, propose a kind ofly can carry out real-time measurement system and method, to reach the effect of vehicle being carried out security audit and warning to the speed of a motor vehicle and relative distance at vehicles running on expressway.This kind system and method can reach higher precision, need not to dispose power supply on highway, has high reliability, low cost, zero maintainability (for being installed in the device on the highway).Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of speed of a motor vehicle of vehicle on expressway and relative position real-time measurement system comprise:
Passive balise equidistantly is arranged on the isolation strip or left and right curb of highway, and each passive balise has unique radio-frequency identification code, and this radio-frequency identification code comprises the station location marker that can characterize its present position;
Reader is arranged on the vehicle, is used to launch activation signal and receives the radio-frequency information that comprises radio-frequency identification code from passive balise, and carry out exchanges data by cordless communication network and upper server;
Upper server is used for the radio-frequency information of beaming back from reader is analyzed and handled, and obtains and store the real-time information that comprises vehicle track of living in, speed of a motor vehicle relative position, and corresponding information is sent it back reader.
In the above-mentioned relevant speed of a motor vehicle and relative position real-time measurement system: isolation strip or curb both sides at highway are provided with passive balise, and the station location marker of each passive balise comprises that characterizing this passive balise is in road tape identification on left curb, right wing shoulder or the isolation strip and the coding that characterizes this passive balise residing geographic position on highway.
The radio-frequency identification code of passive balise preferably also comprises highway label and number of lanes coding.
Reader preferably is provided with three groups of antenna arrays, and first group of antenna array is omnidirectional antenna, be the width in the width in a track or a track and curb width and; Second group is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, is a times or twice of the width in a track; The 3rd group of antenna is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from curb one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, be one times of width of a track or twice and curb width with.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned speed of a motor vehicle and relative position measuring method that real-time measurement system adopts, and this method comprises the following steps:
(1) by reader emission activation signal additional on the vehicle of running on expressway;
(2) passive balise that is positioned at isolation strip or left and right curb is after receiving activation signal, and transmission comprises its radio-frequency identification code at interior radio-frequency information;
(3), and send it to upper server by the radio-frequency information of reader reception from passive balise;
(4) by the radio-frequency information from close passive balise of upper server basis, judge this vehicle current driving direction, calculate its current vehicle speed and relative position by the vehicle transmission.
In the above-mentioned measuring method, the station location marker of each passive balise can comprise that preferably characterizing this passive balise is in road tape identification on left curb, right wing shoulder or the isolation strip, characterizes the coding in this passive balise residing geographic position on highway, and comprises the track digital coding of highway; Described reader is provided with three groups of antenna arrays, and first group of antenna array is omnidirectional antenna, be the width in the width in a track or a track and curb width and; Second group is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, is a times or twice of the width in a track; The 3rd group of antenna is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from curb one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, be one times of width of a track or twice and curb width with.Upper server can be judged direction, the speed of a motor vehicle and relative position that this vehicle travels at present according to the coding in the sign geographic position that comprises in the radio-frequency information from close passive balise that is sent by vehicle.
The reader that travels on the vehicle on highway can be according to received track digital coding, judge the track data of this highway, adjust the opening and closing of respectively organizing antenna array respectively, upper server is judged the residing track of this vehicle according to the road tape identification that comprises in the radio-frequency information from close passive balise that is sent by vehicle.
Upper server to each vehicle, is determined to travel and the same track vehicle nearest with it in its front after obtaining travel direction and the speed of a motor vehicle, the relative position of each car, taking lane information, calculates the distance between two cars.
The present invention can also calculate the vehicle residing position on highway that has reader by the radiofrequency signal power of measuring emissive power and receiving, and then calculates the speed of a motor vehicle.This method is: transponder is activated behind the signal activation, emission comprises the radiofrequency signal of radio-frequency (RF) identification sign, reader on the vehicle is after the radiofrequency signal that receives the transponder transmission, the power of measuring emission power of reader and receiving from the radiofrequency signal of three or three above transponders, according to received relevant power, calculate the vehicle residing position on highway that has reader by reader or upper server.
The present invention is equidistant in highway road both sides to lay some passive RF cards, reader on the vehicle receives its radiofrequency signal, and utilize radio local telephone network that data are passed to general control system, general control system is by after calculating and analyzing, again relevant information is passed to reader, and show, to have following outstanding beneficial effect with the form of voice or image to reach the effect of warning to the driver.
(1) owing to adopt passive balise in invention, cost is very low, has solved the problem that does not have power-supply device at present on highway, has high reliability, low cost, zero maintainability (for being installed in the device on the highway).
(2) passive balise can intensively be placed in the highway both sides, realizes monitoring in real time, and control accuracy improves greatly.
(3) utilize this method speed of a motor vehicle of measuring vehicle and the operating range between the vehicle in real time, and cooperate voice system, can report to the police to human pilot, to reach the purpose of safety traffic.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 passive balise is provided with synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 sets up the coordinate synoptic diagram on highway.
Number in the figure:
Road in 1; 2 interim orbits; 3 outer courses; 4 curbs; 5 isolation strip; 6 passive RF cards; 7 radio-frequency identification codes.
Embodiment
Measuring system of the present invention can be divided into following three parts:
1, passive balise (claiming radio-frequency card or label again):
On curb 4 both sides of highway and isolation strip 5 some radio-frequency cards 6 as passive balise are set equidistantly, it is relevant with measuring accuracy that distance is set.Radio-frequency card 6 adopts passive, read-only mode, and cost is very cheap, and itself does not need power supply and battery, has solved highway non-transformer problem.Simultaneously, passive RF card 6 does not need to safeguard, and serviceable life is very long, has saved the great amount of manpower resource.Its frequency of operation should be in UHF (902-928MHz) frequency range, and decipherment distance can reach more than the 15m, is enough to satisfy the designing requirement (it is wide that the highway track is generally 4-5m) of current highway.Adopt the TTF mode, recognition speed is fast, is applicable to the occasion of high-speed applications.
In the radio-frequency identification code 7 (id number) of passive RF card 6, the road tape identification is set, show that promptly its present position is that left curb 4, right wing shoulder 4 still are isolation strip 5, and set gradually sequence numbering, so that can characterize the order in its geographic position.In addition, in id number, can also comprise the corresponding label of highway, codings such as the number of lanes of highway.
2, reader:
Each vehicle all disposes a reader.This reader can support many antennas to receive and the read-write of many labels.This reader has wireless communication interface, be used for and upper server between carry out radio communication, realize exchanges data.Also designing on the reader has warning circuit, can become corresponding image or voice to the instruction transformation that is sent it back by upper server, to reach the warning function that the driver is carried out.
Every reader at the vehicle chassis place for being provided with three groups of antenna arrays.If every lane width of highway is an x rice, curb 4 width are y rice.First group of antenna array is omnidirectional antenna, and its range of receiving should be adjustable, for x rice or (x+y) rice.Second group is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip 5 one sides, and its range of receiving should be adjustable, is x rice or 2x rice.The 3rd group of antenna is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from curb 4 one sides, and its range of receiving should be adjustable, is (x+y) rice or (2x+y) rice.
The reception programme of antenna has three kinds, first kind: close first group of antenna; The range of receiving of second group of antenna is adjusted to x rice; The range of receiving of the 3rd group of antenna is adjusted to (x+y) rice.Second kind: close first group of antenna, the range of receiving of second group of antenna is adjusted to 2x rice; The range of receiving of the 3rd group of antenna is adjusted to (2x+y) rice.The third: open first group of antenna, the range of receiving of second group of antenna is adjusted to 2x rice; The range of receiving of the 3rd group of antenna is adjusted to (2x+y) rice.
3, upper server:
Comprise database and application programming interfaces and good data management software and user interface in the upper server.Database is used for the real-time information of driving vehicle on the storing high-speed highway, comprises the speed of a motor vehicle of each vehicle, affiliated track and with the operating range of front truck.Terminal (for example 10ms) at regular intervals receives data from reader, stores, analyzes, handles send the data of returning from reader with management software then, and corresponding information is sent it back reader.
Concrete measuring method is:
Method one:
(1) according to the part that characterizes position and order in the received radio-frequency (RF) identification number of vehicle, can judge the direction that this vehicle travels at present.
(2) method in differentiation track:
When identification signal is set, several the number of lanes that are specifically designed to the identification highway are arranged.When vehicle drives into highway, can judge the number of lanes of this highway according to its identification code that receives 7, antenna is set to different schemes then, determines its track of living in again.
For the two-way traffic highway, after the relevant information in receiving identification code 7, antenna is set to scheme 1.Under the normal condition, the vehicle in road in being in, second group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip 5 one sides, and the 3rd group of antenna do not receive any radiofrequency signal.And being in the vehicle of outer course, the 3rd group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from curb 4 one sides, and second group of antenna do not receive any radiofrequency signal.Both can judge vehicle track of living in thus.
For three track highways, after the relevant information in receiving identification code 7, antenna is set to scheme 2.Under the normal condition, the vehicle in road 1 in being in, second group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip 5 one sides, and the 3rd group of antenna do not receive any radiofrequency signal.And being in the vehicle of outer course 3, the 3rd group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from curb 4 one sides, and second group of antenna do not receive any radiofrequency signal.And the vehicle in the track 2 that mediates, second group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip 5 one sides, and the 3rd group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from curb 4 one sides.
For the Four-Lane Road highway, after the relevant information in receiving identification code 7, antenna is set to scheme 3.Under the normal condition, be in the vehicle in first and second road (from the isolation strip 5 be followed successively by first road to the four roads to curb 4), second group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip 5 one sides, and the 3rd group of antenna do not receive any signal.The range of receiving of first group of antenna is adjusted to x rice automatically, if first group of antenna can receive the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip 5 one sides, then vehicle is in first road, otherwise is in second road.Be in the vehicle in third and fourth road, second group of antenna do not receive any signal, and the 3rd group of antenna can receive the signal from curb 4 one sides.The scope of accepting of first group of antenna is adjusted to x+y rice automatically, if first group of antenna can receive the signal from curb 4 one sides, then vehicle is in the 4th road, otherwise is in the 3rd road.
If the radiofrequency signal that the vehicle on certain track receives is unusual, illustrate that this moment, vehicle probably was in the state that changes, tackle it and implement tracking and monitoring, investigate some group of received data, determine its track of living in once more.
(3) owing to the vehicle at running on expressway, its safe distance has confidential relation with its speed of a motor vehicle, so at first need to determine in real time the travel speed of each car.Because the distance between the passive RF card of laying 6 is certain, write down each car from receiving an identification code 7 to receiving second (or the 3rd, decide) new time of identification code 7, the speed of a motor vehicle of distance/time=this car according to actual conditions.The speed of a motor vehicle that monitors certain car when upper server exceeds normal range value, should send instruction to its reader, converts speech form again to, and the driver is warned.
(4) obtain after the travel speed of each car, can calculate its corresponding safe distance.According to general driving experience, the speed of a motor vehicle and safe distance between vehicles should be direct ratio.To each car (claiming current vehicle), determine to travel and the same track vehicle (be called investigate vehicle) nearest with it in its front.The method of determining is for finding in the track vehicle, and the car that station location marker and current vehicle differ minimum in the radio frequency sign indicating number that receives is the investigation vehicle.Each current vehicle enters a frontier, promptly receives a new identification signal, then calculates the distance between this car and the current vehicle, i.e. distance between the received radio-frequency card 6 of two cars.If this distance less than safe distance, needs immediately two drivers to be reported to the police, and start surveillance.
Each tested vechicle enters a frontier, all will detect the identification code 7 of next car, to determine the distance between two cars, can start different type of alarms according to actual range.Up between distance greater than safe distance, alarm finishes.Then, calculate current vehicle speed and investigate distance between two cars once more.
After finding that current vehicle or investigation vehicle change, need redefine the investigation vehicle of current vehicle, promptly travel and the same track vehicle nearest with it in its front.
Provide the position of passive RF card 6 on highway and the setting example of radio-frequency identification code 7 below:
In the left and right sides of a certain section highway curb 4 and isolation strip 5, three groups of passive RF cards 6 are set, the distance between per two radio-frequency cards 6 is 10 meters.For each radio-frequency card 6 is set unique identification, its radio frequency sign indicating number form (not comprising other flag of stipulating in the related protocol in this form) as shown in the table.
074528
03
02
000001
Highway track road band
Sequence identification
Identification number number sign
Certain car A drives in this highway, receives identification signal 0745280301000001 and 0745280302000001, as shown in Figure 1.The number of lanes that can judge this highway is 3, and then the antenna of reader adopts scheme 2.Receive next identification signal 0745280302000002 again, contrast the sign of the sign order in the two identical identification codes of position code, can judge that vehicle A is a forward travel, promptly identical direction running with the radio frequency numerical order is set.Simultaneously, can determine that this car is in outer course according to position code.Being separated by received the 3rd identification signal 0745280302000003 in 0.6 second, can calculate the present travel speed of this car:
Then vehicle A with should be with the minor increment of track vehicle greater than 60 meters.Detect the vehicle B that travels in vehicle A dead ahead, its identification code that receives is 0745280302000008, promptly and the distance between the A car less than 60 meters.Vehicle A and B are given a warning simultaneously, and start surveillance, vehicle A receives a new identification signal at every turn, and just the distance investigation that vehicle A and B are only seen once.When the identification code that receives as vehicle A is 0745280302000006, find that the identification code that vehicle B receives is that distance surpasses 60 meters between 0745280302000012, two corresponding passive RF card, remove warning.
When vehicle A receives next identification code 0745280302000007, calculate current vehicle speed once more, and investigate with the distance between the vehicle B.
Afterwards, find that vehicle A receives two identification codes 0745280302000008 and 0745280301000007 simultaneously.It is monitored vehicle A receives two identification codes continuously simultaneously, illustrate that this car changed to interim orbit.Recomputate the speed of a motor vehicle, and be recorded in the vehicle that travels in its dead ahead, investigate the distance between two cars.
The present invention can also calculate the vehicle residing position on highway that has reader by the radiofrequency signal power of measuring emissive power and receiving, and then calculates the speed of a motor vehicle etc.Embodiment to this kind measuring method is described in detail as follows:
Frequency of operation is that the rfid system of 915MHz adopts passive reflection modulation technology, and transponder is modulated to its data on the radiofrequency signal with certain modulation system, and reflects back.Leave the theatre with the characteristic of range attenuation according to long distance, can estimate the power transmission efficiency from the reader to the transponder, and, can estimate the power that after free space attenuation, arrives reader by the power of transponder reflection according to electromagnetic theory.By measuring reader emissive power and received power, and consider because weather, correlative factors such as road conditions, in addition modifying factor can calculate the same transponder of the vehicle that has reader, i.e. distance between the radio-frequency card.If a certain vehicle can receive simultaneously from three or three radiofrequency signals that above different radio frequency card is launched, then can uniquely determine its position.
For highway is set up coordinate, the longitudinal axis is the track that highway divided, and transverse axis is divided into several fritters (for example cutting apart once every two meters) with each track, as shown in Figure 2.Vehicle-mounted reader can receive three radiofrequency signals at every turn simultaneously, both can determine the unique coordinate of its place vehicle, and the longitudinal axis is represented its track of living in, and transverse axis is represented its position on this track.
Receive several radiofrequency signals continuously, can determine its travel direction according to the order of same group of radio frequency sign indicating number.Can determine its track, place according to the ordinate of vehicle.According to receive two on the same group the interval time of radio frequency sign indicating number can determine the speed of a motor vehicle.Can determine distance between them according to the coordinate of this car and front truck, and then whether judge distance between them, and take corresponding measure less than safe distance.
Need to prove that radio-frequency card involved in the present invention, reader, Anneta module, warning circuit etc. all belong to prior art and existing various ways and application.Detail characteristic is not described herein again at this.In addition, here the detailed explanation that has been center deployment with embodiments of the invention, described optimal way or embodiment, should be understood to this instructions only is to describe invention by the mode that provides embodiment, in fact can change to some extent on some details of system's formation and use, these variations and application all should belong in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the speed of a motor vehicle of a vehicle on expressway and relative position real-time measurement system comprise:
Passive balise equidistantly is arranged on the isolation strip or left and right curb of highway, and each passive balise has unique radio-frequency identification code, and this radio-frequency identification code comprises the station location marker that can characterize its present position;
Reader is arranged on the vehicle, is used to launch activation signal and receives the radio-frequency information that comprises radio-frequency identification code from passive balise, and carry out exchanges data by cordless communication network and upper server;
Upper server is used for the radio-frequency information of beaming back from reader is analyzed and handled, and obtains and store the real-time information that comprises vehicle track of living in, the speed of a motor vehicle, relative position, and corresponding information is sent it back reader.
2. the speed of a motor vehicle according to claim 1 and relative position real-time measurement system, it is characterized in that, isolation strip or curb both sides at highway all are provided with passive balise, and the station location marker of each passive balise comprises that characterizing this passive balise is in road tape identification on left curb, right wing shoulder or the isolation strip and the coding that characterizes this passive balise residing geographic position on highway.
3. the speed of a motor vehicle according to claim 2 and relative position real-time measurement system is characterized in that, the radio-frequency identification code of described passive balise also comprises highway label and number of lanes coding.
4. the speed of a motor vehicle according to claim 3 and relative position real-time measurement system is characterized in that, described reader is provided with three groups of antenna arrays, and first group of antenna array is omnidirectional antenna, be the width in the width in a track or a track and curb width and; Second group is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, is a times or twice of the width in a track; The 3rd group of antenna is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from curb one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, be one times of width of a track or twice and curb width with.
5. one kind is used for the speed of a motor vehicle of the described vehicle on expressway of claim 1 and the measuring method of relative position real-time measurement system, comprises the following steps:
(1) by reader emission activation signal additional on the vehicle of running on expressway;
(2) passive balise that is positioned at isolation strip or left and right curb is after receiving activation signal, and transmission comprises its radio-frequency identification code at interior radio-frequency information;
(3), and send it to upper server by the radio-frequency information of reader reception from passive balise;
(4) by the radio-frequency information from close passive balise of upper server basis, judge this vehicle current driving direction, calculate its current vehicle speed and relative position by the vehicle transmission.
6. measuring method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the station location marker of each passive balise comprises that characterizing this passive balise is in road tape identification on left curb, right wing shoulder or the isolation strip, characterizes the coding in this passive balise residing geographic position on highway, and comprises the track digital coding of highway; Described reader is provided with three groups of antenna arrays, and first group of antenna array is omnidirectional antenna, be the width in the width in a track or a track and curb width and; Second group is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from isolation strip one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, is a times or twice of the width in a track; The 3rd group of antenna is directional antenna, receives the radiofrequency signal from curb one side, and its range of receiving is adjustable, be one times of width of a track or twice and curb width with.
7. measuring method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, upper server is judged direction, the speed of a motor vehicle and relative position that this vehicle travels at present according to the coding in the sign geographic position that comprises in the radio-frequency information from close passive balise that is sent by vehicle.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described measuring methods, it is characterized in that, travel reader on the vehicle on highway according to received track digital coding, judge the track data of this highway, adjust the opening and closing of respectively organizing antenna array respectively, upper server is judged the residing track of this vehicle according to the road tape identification that comprises in the radio-frequency information from close passive balise that is sent by vehicle.
9. measuring method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, upper server is after obtaining travel direction and the speed of a motor vehicle, the relative position of each car, taking lane information, to each vehicle, determine to travel and the same track vehicle nearest, calculate the distance between two cars with it in its front.
10. measuring method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, transponder is activated behind the signal activation, emission comprises the radiofrequency signal of radio-frequency (RF) identification sign, reader on the vehicle is after the radiofrequency signal that receives the transponder transmission, the power of measuring emission power of reader and receiving from the radiofrequency signal of three or three above transponders, according to received relevant power, calculate the vehicle residing position on highway that has reader by reader or upper server.
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| CNB2006100164079A CN100511321C (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2006-10-31 | Real-time testing system and method for speed and relative position of vehicle on expressway |
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