CN103700264B - Based on the express highway section travel speed computing method of ETC charge data - Google Patents
Based on the express highway section travel speed computing method of ETC charge data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of express highway section travel speed computing method based on ETC charge data, comprising: the pre-service of ETC original transaction data; Link travel speed based on ETC transaction data calculates.According to section ETC data volume size in cycle computing time, point two kinds of situations give the computing method of speed under different sample size level.The present invention for relying on database analysis and data mining technology, extracts, deletes and screens ETC raw data, divide the pre-service such as calculation interval, improve the quality of data.Establish based on the right link travel velocity computing model of many OD.For ensureing that data volume is sufficient, utilizing the multiple OD comprising and calculate section ETC transaction data to be calculated to the travel speed in section, to mileage ratio, composite weighted being carried out to OD shared by OD speed and section, obtains the travel speed in section.The invention solves the problem that the highway speed monitoring quality of data is poor, accuracy is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of according to ETC(electric non-stop toll) transaction data calculates the method for express highway section travel speed, belongs to ETC data mining and application.
Background technology
Along with the continuous increase of significantly lifting and the resident trip distance of vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity, the current pressure of highway also progressively strengthens, particularly after car Toll Free policy execution festivals or holidays, how to realize the monitoring of motorway journeys speed and flow, how realizing accurate, the real-time issue of highway running status has become the major issue affecting Improving Expressway operation management and Information Service Level.
Due to China's highw ay m onitoring infrastructure wretched insufficiency, highway speed monitoring method is comparatively single and cover limited.At present, vehicle travel speed monitoring method mainly contains radar, laser, ground sensing coil speed measuring etc., but this several method all exists the shortcomings such as complex structure, cost is high, installation and maintenance are inconvenient.Application number be 200610021463.1 Chinese invention patent disclose a kind of highway RF car speed monitoring and management system.This system is made up of the teleseme be fixedly installed on highway, wireless car plate and computer management system, because the teleseme in this invention is fixedly installed on a highway, therefore can only monitor the realization being provided with teleseme position to test the speed, omnidistance gapless vehicle-speed monitoring can not be realized.And above method all focuses on the traffic flow parameter of monitoring single unit vehicle, the operation conditions of the overall traffic flow in the specific section of highway can not be obtained.Application number be 200910306882.3 Chinese invention patent disclose a kind of detection method of highway traffic congestion state based on video, this invention utilizes the Computation of Optical Flow of wagon flow in video, calculate the light field vector of wagon flow, thus macroscopical flow speeds can be obtained, but this method can only be used for the differentiation of traffic behavior, accurately can not calculate the travel speed value of section wagon flow, and be subject to the restriction of video capture technology, the travel speed of section wagon flow can not be calculated under severe conditions more accurately.
Along with the continuous expansion of ETC system userbase and the growth of trading volume, the data of ETC Fare Collection System are as a kind of novel traffic data source, can the OD(Origin-Destination of round-the-clock registration of vehicle turnover freeway toll station, departure place and destination) and turnover temporal information, these acquisition of informations are easy, content intact, by force ageing, uniform format, accuracy is high, and substantially achieves the centralised storage of system-wide net transaction data.The vehicle carrying ETC terminal is considered as the sample vehicle of highway speed acquisition, utilizes ETC transaction data more adequately can calculate the travel speed of vehicle at highway.And ETC data have the features such as data volume abundance, scale constantly increase, therefore, by the modeling of ETC data and excavation, the travel speed of express highway section can be obtained exactly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the computing method proposing a kind of express highway section speed based on ETC transaction data, for obtaining highway point section travel speed at times, and then the monitoring realized express highway section running status, formulate for Expressway Information publishing policy and data supporting is provided.
To achieve these goals, the present invention by the following technical solutions.
Based on an express highway section speed calculation method for ETC charge data, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, carries out the pre-service of ETC original transaction data;
Step 1.1, extracts primary fields content in ETC raw data;
ETC original transaction data table has 74 field contents, have recorded a large amount of Transaction Informations, also contains important transport information simultaneously.ETC transaction data mainly can be divided into two aspects: be dealing money related content on the one hand, mainly comprises the card class of publisher's definition, field such as payment class and amount receivable etc.; Be traffic trip relevant information on the other hand, mainly comprise transaction record number, Entrance Square is numbered, and outlet square numbering, entry time, the fields such as Outlet time, these fields are the basic datas mainly used in the present invention, as shown in table 1.Extract ETC original transaction data table primary fields to comprise: message id (MID); . square numbering (PLAZAID); Conclude the business the time (IC_TRANS_TIME) created in track; Gateway type (ENTRY_EXIT); Arm's length transaction record and special event (WORK_MODE); Cross car type (PASSED_TYPE); Entrance Square number (EN_PLAZAID); Entry time (EN_TIME); Entrance Square is numbered.
Table 1ETC original transaction data table
Step 1.2, deletion error data and screening valid data;
The rule of deletion error data and screening valid data is as follows:
1. deletion Outlet time and entry time be not at transaction data on the same day;
2. delete the transaction data of Outlet time early than entry time;
3. delete the record that in charging data record, portal site is identical with outlet website;
4. delete the highway data adopting open charge;
5. filter out the data that " WORK_MODE(arm's length transaction record and special event) " field is " O " (O represents this and is recorded as arm's length transaction record);
6. filter out the data that " DEALSTATUS(stateful transaction) " field is " 0x02 " (it is enter from ETC track and go out from ETC track that 0x02 represents vehicle);
7. filter out the data that " ENTRY_EXIT(differentiates that this charge station is outlet or entrance) " field be " 1 " (1 expression these data be outlet data);
8., after data prediction, delete vehicle travel speed lower than the data of 5km/h higher than 120km/h;
Step 1.3, divides calculation interval;
The traffic degree of fluctuation of highway has obvious time-varying characteristics.In order to meet the actual demand that traffic status of express way is dynamically grasped, need to determine the traffic information update cycle, and conveniently data processing, in transaction data table, newly-built field TimeID section storage time sequence number, characterizes the time section belonging to different transaction data.
Early 06:00 ~ 23:00, carried out Time segments division for the time cycle to transaction record with 10 minutes; 23:00 ~ next day 06:00, carried out Time segments division for the time cycle to transaction record with 1 hour.Time sequence number computing method are as follows:
Step 1.4, calculates journey time and the speed of vehicle according to wall scroll record;
(1) journey time is calculated
Wall scroll registration of vehicle running time is on a highway:
T=T
1-T
2
In formula, T is the journey time of vehicle on OD, T
1for Outlet time, T
2for entry time, unit is second.
(2) computing velocity
With OD to importing and exporting charge station for Correlation Criteria, the mileage that vehicle OD is right is obtained from the rate scale of ETC system, the sample vehicle travel speed on a highway that these data that are this mileage and the ratio of vehicle travel time record, in ETC transaction data table, newly-built VELOCITY field is for storing the speed calculated.
Step 2, calculates express highway section speed according to ETC transaction data;
Step 2.1, judges whether meet the requirement of smallest sample amount by the ETC vehicle calculating section in calculation interval;
Section described in the present invention is the road between the equidirectional adjacent charge station of highway, and OD is to being the road between entrance charge station any on highway and outlet charge station.To specify in 10 minutes by calculating the minimum ETC vehicle number in section to be 14.
Step 2.2, calculates the travel speed in section according to ETC transaction data;
Calculating is divided into two class situations: the ETC vehicle number passed through in unit monitoring periods is more than or equal to smallest sample amount and is less than smallest sample amount.Computing formula is:
In formula, V
ijfor the travel speed in i time period j section; D
jfor the mileage in j section; T
ikfor the journey time of the kth bar data vehicle of i time period, k=1,2 ..., n, n are the ETC vehicle number passed through in j section unit monitoring periods in the i time period; N
0for smallest sample amount, determined by data test result;
for comprising the z group OD in j section to the average travel speed within the i time period, z=1,2 ..., Z, Z are when j section data volume is not enough, include the OD of calculating in quantity; a
zfor
to the reduction coefficient calculating section speed; θ
zfor calculating z group OD shared by the j of section to the weight coefficient of mileage ratio when calculating section speed.
(1) speed when sample size is more than or equal to smallest sample amount is calculated.
When calculating the ETC vehicle number passed through in unit monitoring periods in section and reaching smallest sample amount, directly with the average travel speed of all ETC vehicles travel speed as this section, computing formula is shown in formula (1), and the average travel time of ETC vehicle is obtained by step 1.4.
(2) speed when sample size is less than smallest sample amount is calculated.
First, determine to affect the main OD couple calculating section;
When calculating the sample vehicle number passed through in computation period in section and can not meeting the requirement of smallest sample amount, the travel speed in the ETC aggregation of data calculating section utilizing the multiple OD through this section right.By to section and the OD analysis to historical data and correlationship thereof that is associated, choose and calculate section and belong to the charge station of identical entrance but comprise the larger OD couple of the data volume that calculates section, the OD that utilization ways calculates section carrys out the travel speed in indirect calculation section to data.
Secondly, determine that each OD is to the reduction coefficient a of speed when calculating section speed;
When use containing multiple section OD to travel speed calculate wherein a certain link travel speed time, reply OD does corresponding reduction to speed, namely corresponding reduction coefficient is multiplied by embody OD to the impact of travel speed on section travel speed, link travel speed could be reflected more realistically with OD to travel speed like this, and OD can be avoided well to calculate on interior other section generation abnormal conditions the impact brought to link travel speed.The present invention is based on a large amount of historical datas, respectively for traffic flat peak phase and peak period, the historical speed using the historical speed and the OD that calculate section right makes ratio, show that traffic flat peak phase and peak period OD are to the reduction coefficient a of speed when calculating section speed.
Then, determine that OD shared by section is to the weight coefficient θ of mileage ratio when calculating section speed;
For calculating link travel speed, shared by section, OD is different to mileage ratio, and make the confidence level of each OD to travel speed be not identical, OD shared by section is larger to mileage ratio, and the confidence level of OD to speed is higher.The present invention uses θ value to represent OD shared by section on mileage scale on the impact of OD on speed confidence level, and OD shared by section is larger to mileage ratio, and θ value is larger, and concrete classification is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 θ value hierarchical table
Finally, link travel speed is calculated.
Through above step, determine comprise the larger OD of section data volume to, OD to OD shared by the weight coefficient of speed and section to the weight coefficient of mileage ratio, these values are substituted into the travel speed that formula (2) can calculate section.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) with database analysis and data mining technology for relying on, ETC raw data is extracted, deletes and is screened, divides the pre-service such as calculation interval, improves the quality of data.
(2) the link travel velocity computing model based on many OD is proposed.For ensureing that data volume is sufficient, utilizing the multiple OD comprising and calculate section data to be calculated to the travel speed in section, to mileage ratio, process being weighted to OD shared by OD speed and section, solving the problem that the highway speed monitoring quality of data is poor, accuracy is low.
(3) the present invention can be applicable to highway operational monitoring, highway dynamic information service, operating strategy formulation.By obtaining express highway section road speed, strengthen grasping dynamically information in highway operational monitoring and operation management process, and data supporting can be provided for Expressway Information issue.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ETC original transaction data pretreatment process figure;
Fig. 2 is the express highway section travel speed computing method process flow diagram based on ETC data;
Fig. 3 is for the impact calculating main OD in section is to analysis chart;
Fig. 4 is the Comparative result curve adopting floating car data and the inventive method to carry out speed calculating.
Specific embodiments
The section AB that the present embodiment is chosen between the main website to northern station, Qinghe of Jing Zang high speed direction from Beijing Qinghe is calculating object, calculates the travel speed of this section at the Different periods on September 11st, 2013 by ETC transaction data.
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step 1, imports database by ETC transaction, carries out pre-service to raw data;
Calculative section and the right ETC original transaction data of gateway OD are imported in the large databases such as Oracle, SQL.According to the data prediction flow process shown in Fig. 1 raw data deleted and the pre-service such as screening.
Step 2, based on the travel speed in the travel speed computation model experiment with computing section that invention proposes.
Step 2.1, determines to affect the main OD couple calculating section;
Based on ETC historical data, with OD to data volume for criterion, to meet section smallest sample amount for standard, determine impact calculate the main OD couple in section.Randomly draw and during 17:40 ~ 17:50, entered Jing Zang all ETC data at a high speed from Chu Jingru charge station of Qinghe main website on September 11st ~ 13,2013, be the data volume analysis that point set condition determines to arrive during this period each outlet charge station to export charge station, as shown in Figure 3, finally determine that impact calculates section OD couple, as shown in table 3.
The main OD that table 3 is associated with calculating section AB shows corresponding
Step 2.2, determines that OD is to the reduction coefficient of speed when calculating section speed;
Based on a large amount of historical datas, respectively for traffic flat peak phase and peak period, the historical speed using the historical speed and the OD that calculate section right makes ratio, show that traffic flat peak phase and these OD of peak period are to the reduction coefficient of speed when calculating section speed, as shown in table 4.
The each OD of table 4 is to the reduction coefficient when calculating section speed
Step 2.3, determines that OD shared by section is to the weight parameter of mileage ratio when speed calculates;
Use and calculate section mileage and the ratio of OD to mileage, in conjunction with before the mileage ratio hierarchical table determined, determine the confidence level of each OD to speed data, result is as shown in table 5.
Table 5 mileage proportional roles coefficient table
Step 2.4, the travel speed in experiment with computing section.
After determining all model parameters, be the travel speed in time interval experiment with computing section with 10 minutes.Also need before calculating to judge whether the ETC data in section in calculation interval meet the requirement of smallest sample amount, if met, use formula (1) to calculate; If do not met, formula (2) is used to calculate.Some numerical results is as shown in table 6:
Table 6 link travel speed component result of calculation
| Period | OD1 | OD2 | OD3 | OD4 | OD5 | OD6 | Section speed (km/h) |
| 07:00-07:10 | 62.14 | 82.27 | 77.73 | 75.96 | 70.93 | 79.42 | 61.26 |
| 07:10-07:20 | 62.01 | 78.23 | 83.98 | 71.57 | 69.41 | 78.93 | 60.26 |
| 07:20-07:30 | 61.86 | 78.91 | 80.07 | 72.06 | 69.57 | 79.30 | 60.32 |
| 07:30-07:40 | 58.94 | 76.97 | 73.23 | 71.29 | 65.50 | 78.40 | 57.40 |
| 07:40-07:50 | 65.04 | 77.25 | 69.62 | 74.55 | 71.42 | 72.91 | 59.48 |
| 07:50-08:00 | 57.34 | 71.49 | 75.68 | 70.94 | 69.35 | 79.30 | 56.86 |
| 08:00-08:10 | 59.03 | 71.80 | 76.05 | 73.48 | 66.91 | 76.43 | 57.78 |
| 08:10-08:20 | 60.81 | 75.59 | 83.00 | 70.83 | 68.20 | 77.94 | 59.37 |
| 08:20-08:30 | 65.08 | 75.92 | 80.70 | 72.16 | 68.34 | 75.86 | 60.43 |
| 08:30-08:40 | 60.54 | 77.61 | 79.41 | 70.60 | 67.63 | 76.48 | 58.95 |
| 08:40-08:50 | 57.01 | 73.23 | 82.91 | 74.42 | 62.52 | 77.29 | 59.04 |
| 08:50-09:00 | 55.75 | 77.12 | 75.61 | 69.89 | 64.50 | 72.08 | 56.93 |
| 09:00-09:10 | 54.30 | 74.30 | 66.77 | 70.10 | 64.45 | 72.08 | 55.45 |
| 09:10-09:20 | 53.90 | 70.72 | 73.24 | 70.22 | 66.42 | 72.54 | 54.98 |
| 09:20-09:30 | 52.92 | 77.62 | 80.05 | 69.26 | 57.68 | 72.34 | 55.87 |
| 09:30-09:40 | 50.78 | 72.89 | 72.52 | 69.81 | 65.66 | 71.44 | 53.00 |
| 09:40-09:50 | 51.23 | 74.93 | 72.36 | 70.17 | 60.39 | 74.26 | 52.73 |
| 09:50-10:00 | 55.50 | 75.19 | 78.67 | 67.08 | 64.99 | 74.10 | 55.22 |
| 17:00-17:10 | 50.61 | 65.51 | 81.76 | 67.51 | 65.58 | 74.40 | 54.00 |
| 17:10-17:20 | 55.35 | 68.63 | 70.56 | 64.09 | 63.36 | 69.76 | 53.34 |
| 17:20-17:30 | 55.41 | 72.89 | 79.30 | 66.31 | 61.81 | 68.90 | 55.90 |
| 17:30-17:40 | 52.94 | 69.86 | 68.79 | 67.12 | 65.21 | 74.86 | 53.86 |
| 17:40-17:50 | 50.74 | 70.24 | 71.22 | 63.53 | 67.20 | 72.80 | 51.88 |
| 17:50-18:00 | 50.09 | 63.92 | 71.23 | 64.64 | 62.92 | 69.18 | 50.08 |
| 18:00-18:10 | 55.90 | 61.30 | 69.87 | 62.07 | 62.70 | 67.95 | 50.15 |
| 18:10-18:20 | 44.36 | 57.39 | 69.89 | 59.93 | 57.68 | 69.28 | 46.79 |
| 18:20-18:30 | 44.68 | 56.00 | 65.16 | 57.65 | 59.01 | 66.39 | 45.10 |
In order to verify that this application invents the feasibility that described method calculates link travel speed, contrast with the floating car data that current Beijing Communication operational monitoring is using, extract the floating car data belonging to phase same date with example section AB, the travel speed of section at day part is calculated, compared with the travel speed calculated with the present invention according to identical Time segments division method.The result of calculation of two kinds of methods as shown in Figure 4.As shown in Figure 4, road be in unimpeded or continue to block up time the travel speed that calculates based on two kinds of data be close; For block up stroke and the velocity deviation that evanishment two kinds of data calculate of blocking up larger.
Claims (4)
1., based on express highway section travel speed computing method for ETC charge data, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step 1, carries out the pre-service of ETC original transaction data;
Step 1.1, extracts primary fields content in ETC raw data;
Step 1.2, according to redundant rule elimination misdata below and screening valid data:
(1) deletion Outlet time and entry time be not at transaction data on the same day;
(2) transaction data of Outlet time early than entry time is deleted;
(3) record that in charging data record, portal site is identical with outlet website is deleted;
(4) the highway data adopting open charge are deleted;
(5) data of arm's length transaction record in arm's length transaction record and special event are filtered out;
(6) filtering out stateful transaction is enter from ETC track and the data gone out from ETC track;
(7) data that transaction data is outlet record are filtered out;
(8) after data prediction, vehicle travel speed is deleted lower than the data of 5km/h higher than 120km/h
Step 1.3, divides calculation interval;
Early 06:00 ~ 23:00, carried out Time segments division for the time cycle to transaction record with 10 minutes; 23:00 ~ next day 06:00, carried out Time segments division for the time cycle to transaction record with 1 hour;
Step 1.4, calculates journey time and the speed of vehicle according to wall scroll record;
(1) journey time is calculated
Wall scroll registration of vehicle running time is on a highway:
T＝T
1-T
2
In formula, T is the journey time of vehicle on OD, T
1for Outlet time, T
2for entry time, unit is second;
(2) computing velocity
With OD to importing and exporting charge station for Correlation Criteria, from the rate scale of ETC system, obtain the mileage that vehicle OD is right, this mileage is forms data travel speed on a highway with the ratio of vehicle travel time;
Step 2, calculates express highway section speed according to ETC transaction data;
Step 2.1, judges whether meet the requirement of smallest sample amount by the ETC vehicle calculating section in calculation interval;
Described section is the road between the equidirectional adjacent charge station of highway, and OD is to being the road between entrance charge station any on highway and outlet charge station; To specify in 10 minutes by calculating the minimum ETC vehicle number in section to be 14;
Step 2.2, calculates the travel speed in section according to ETC transaction data;
Calculating is divided into two class situations: the ETC vehicle number passed through in unit monitoring periods is more than or equal to smallest sample amount and is less than smallest sample amount; Computing formula is:
In formula, V
ijfor the travel speed in i time period j section; D
jfor the mileage in j section; T
ikfor the journey time of the kth bar data vehicle of i time period, k=1,2 ..., n, n are the ETC vehicle number passed through in j section unit monitoring periods in the i time period, N
0for smallest sample amount, determined by data test result;
for comprising the z group OD in j section to the average travel speed within the i time period, z=1,2 ..., Z, Z are when j section data volume is not enough, include the OD of calculating in quantity; a
zfor
to the reduction coefficient calculating section speed; θ
zfor calculating z group OD shared by the j of section to the weight coefficient of mileage ratio when calculating section speed.
2. a kind of express highway section travel speed computing method based on ETC charge data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ETC original transaction data primary fields that described step 1.1 is extracted comprises: message, and square is numbered, and concludes the business the time created in track, gateway type, arm's length transaction record and special event, cross car type, Entrance Square number, entry time, Entrance Square is numbered.
3. a kind of express highway section travel speed computing method based on ETC charge data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the ETC vehicle number passed through in unit monitoring periods reaches smallest sample amount, directly with the average travel speed of all ETC vehicles travel speed as this section, computing formula is shown in formula (1), and the average travel time of ETC vehicle is obtained by described step 1.4.
4. a kind of express highway section travel speed computing method based on ETC charge data according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the ETC vehicle number passed through in unit monitoring periods is less than smallest sample amount, speed calculation method is as follows:
(1) determine to affect the main OD couple calculating section;
The travel speed in the ETC aggregation of data calculating section utilizing the multiple OD through calculating section right; By to section and the OD analysis to historical data and correlationship thereof that is associated, choose and calculate section and belong to the charge station of identical entrance but comprise the larger OD couple of the data volume that calculates section, the OD using utilization ways to calculate section carrys out the travel speed in indirect calculation section to data;
(2) determine that each OD is to the reduction coefficient a of speed when calculating section speed;
Based on a large amount of historical datas, respectively for traffic flat peak phase and peak period, the historical speed using the historical speed and the OD that calculate section right makes ratio, show that traffic flat peak phase and peak period OD are to the reduction coefficient a of speed when calculating section speed;
(3) determine that OD shared by section is to the weight coefficient θ of mileage ratio when calculating section speed;
Shared by weight coefficient θ and section, OD to the corresponding relation of mileage number percent is: the scope of number percent is [0%, 20%), [20%, 50%), [50%, 70%), [70%, 100%], time, θ value is respectively 0.3,0.5,0.8,1.0;
(4) link travel speed is calculated;
Step (1) ~ (3) the data obtained is substituted into the travel speed that formula (2) calculates section.
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