CN1945946A

CN1945946A - Magnetic brake

Info

Publication number: CN1945946A
Application number: CN 200510044891
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈伯恒
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-10-09
Filing date: 2005-10-09
Publication date: 2007-04-11

Abstract

This invention discloses a magnetic arrester having a hydraulic unit or an air pressure unit and a shaft characterizing in coaxially mounting a cylindrical linking cover holding static magnets in multiple grooves or blind holes radial on the outer circle on the shaft linking to the power source, moving magnets are mounted above the positions corresponding to the static magnets on the outer circle of the linking cover along radius restricted by the frame and driven along radius by traditional hydraulic unit or air pressure and closing to one end of the static magnets and in the same polarity with them, in which, the drag force can be changed continuously under the non-contact condition.

Description

Magnetic brake

One, technical field

The present invention is a kind of magnetic brake that is used for the brake field.

Two, background technology

In mechanical design field, brake is a kind of very important parts, and it can effectively play machine is in time stopped or slow effect on request.Continuous progress along with technology, brake as noncontact shape, also more and more be subject to people's attention at present, with the automotive field is example, more typical non-contact type brake mechanism mainly is to be used for retarder mechanism at present, and current vortex retarder, Retarder and permanent magnet retarder etc. (seeing " auxiliary brake device for automobile " book of being published in 2005 by Chemical Industry Press) are roughly arranged.The successful use of these retarders has improved the serviceability of automobile, has played positive effect.But, these retarder mechanisms also exist certain problem simultaneously, for example, current vortex retarder structure more complicated, need consume certain electric energy during work, the amount of power supply of automobile is required bigger, because its stator itself generates heat and is subjected to the influence of rotor temperature rise, its stopping power and service time all can be subjected to certain influence simultaneously.In addition, itself volume and quality are all bigger, and the requirement that as far as possible alleviates the automobile kerb weight during this and Hyundai Motor design also is contrary.Also there is the bigger problem of mechanism's complexity, volume and quality in Retarder, and its braking response is also slow simultaneously, and braking force is subjected to the influence of the speed of a motor vehicle bigger.And adopt the permanent magnet retarder can eliminate and reduce the shortcoming of above-mentioned two kinds of retarders to a certain extent, compare with other retarder, its advantage is to realize miniaturization, lightweight to a certain extent, in addition, it also have consume electric power hardly, using also not continuously can be overheated, can continual its braking force of maintenance stable, and advantage such as the high more braking force of power transmission shaft rotating speed is big more.But, this retarder has certain problem that exists, for example: be subjected to the restriction of self structure, its volume comparatively speaking or some is big, and its torque capacity still is undesirable with regard to volume, in addition, because its mode of braking is that the device by operating switch is realized under the condition of given braking torque, so can't realize the continuous variation of braking torque, like this, just make this brake mechanism on range of application, be subjected to certain restriction.For example, this mechanism can't be applied in the braking system of automotive wheel.

Three, summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to propose that a kind of scope of application is relatively wide, volume is less relatively, the torque capacity principle technical scheme of continually varying and magnetic brake relatively simple for structure under certain condition.

The present invention is achieved in that to have hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism and rotating shaft 10 in scheme; It is characterized in that: at the coaxial cylindrical coupling sleeve 12 that fixed magnet 13 fixedly is housed in a plurality of grooves that radially are shaped with on cylindrical or the blind hole that fixedly mounted in the rotating shaft 10 that connects with power source, on the cylindrical of coupling sleeve 15 with position corresponding to each fixed magnet 13 above radially the gap corresponding be equipped with directly or indirectly by frame 25 constraints and radially drive by traditional hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism and near the polarity of an end of fixed magnet 13 moving magnet 14 identical with fixed magnet 13 polarity. The periphery at each magnet other position except that the working position of mutual correspondence can be set in the profile made with the nonmagnetic substance magnet overcoat corresponding with each magnet profile, fixed magnet 13 can be arranged many groups vertically with moving magnet 14, and it is fixed in every group of magnet, the quantity of fixed magnet also can be unequal, and the radial section along system can correspondingly be arranged or cross arrangement, moving magnet 14 and fixed magnet 13 can be rectangle or ladder rectangle or cylindrical or ladder is cylindrical along mechanism's shape radially, the two relative working surface can be corresponding curved surface or plane or each other correspondence be shaped on the corresponding surperficial of projection and recess.Relatively and each moving magnet 14, directly or indirectly hydraulic mechanism by frame 25 constraints or air pressure mechanism can be difference independently hydraulic mechanism or the air pressure mechanisms that directly or indirectly is fixed on the frame 25, also can be compound the be hydraulic mechanism of one or air pressure mechanisms.In the middle of can making, coupling sleeve 12 is shaped on the ladder cylindrical structural of through hole, and be fixed in the rotating shaft 10 by key 11 and back-up ring 24, each fixed magnet 13 can be separately fixed on the coupling sleeve 12 by cavity shape pressure fast 8 and the screw 9 corresponding with its profile, radially be contained in hydraulic mechanism or the air pressure mechanism piston 16 that sealing ring 6 is housed on its of each moving magnet 14 top can be installed in respectively on the cylindrical of the ladder cylinder block 15 that the through hole that is shaped on a vertically integral body and middle and coupling sleeve 12 cylindricals make matched in clearance radially with moving magnet 14 correspondence positions in the section position, hole, cylinder hole that is shaped on, have at the cylindrical that is set with endoporus and cylinder body 15 on the cylindrical of cylinder body 15 and on given radially spaced its cylindrical tradition to be housed and to advance, the annular cylinder sleeve 18 of oil extraction or mechanism of qi structure, cylinder body 15 is fixedly connected the two and the discoidal left cylinder cap 17 of ladder by screw 2 and screw 5 respectively with the left end of cylinder sleeve 18, and sealing gasket 3 and sealing gasket 4 are equipped with respectively in place, the plan position approach of three's correspondence, and left cylinder cap 17 is linked together by screw 1 and frame 25, cylinder body 15 is fixedly connected the two and the discoidal right cylinder cap 23 of ladder by screw 19 and screw 22 respectively with the right-hand member of cylinder sleeve 18, and sealing gasket 20 and sealing gasket 21 are equipped with respectively in place, the plan position approach of three's correspondence, can between each moving magnet 14 and cylinder body 15, the opposite back-moving spring 7 of action direction to 16 pairs of moving magnets 14 of action direction and piston of moving magnet 14 be housed radially.During concrete work, fixed magnet 13 rotates with rotating shaft 10, when 10 brakings of needs countershaft, primer fluid press mechanism or air pressure mechanism, at this moment, under the effect of piston 16, radially inwardly motion of moving magnet 14 beginnings, its inner end is the outer end of close fixed magnet 13 progressively.At this moment, because the polarity of the two adjacent regions magnetic pole is identical, thus the effect of a power of repelling mutually will inevitably be produced, and by the tangential component along rotating shaft 10 rotation directions that this mutual repulsive force caused, will play the effect that stops rotating shaft 10 to be rotated, thereby reach the purpose of braking.As can be seen, because the magnetic field intensity of the size of this braking force and each magnet and hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism are relevant to the active force of moving magnet 14, so, when the magnetic field intensity of each magnet is enough strong, just can reach the purpose that its braking force changes the variation of force of moving magnet 14 along with hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism.In other words, the size of the braking force of this braking system be can be under non-contacting condition continually varying.

Because it is less relatively, relatively simple for structure that the present invention has a volume, and the size of its braking force be can be under non-contacting condition continually varying, so to characteristics such as the brake mechanism of various plant equipment or slow mechanism are all suitable.For example, when being used for automotive field, owing to be paired magnet interphase interaction,, therefore can be easily use as the brake or the retarder of automobile so its total volume is relatively just less.Thus, after the invention process, expectation can be received more positive effect.

The present invention has 3 accompanying drawings, and Fig. 1 is the basic principle schematic of magnetic brake, and Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is the distributed architecture reference view of magnetic brake magnet.In each figure: 1, screw, 2, screw, 3, sealing gasket, 4, sealing gasket, 5, screw, 6, sealing ring, 7, back-moving spring, 8, briquetting, 9, screw, 10, rotating shaft, 11, key, 12, coupling sleeve, 13 fixed magnets, 14, moving magnet, 15, cylinder body, 16, piston, 17, left cylinder cap, 18, cylinder sleeve, 19, screw, 20, sealing gasket, 21, sealing gasket, 22, screw, 23, right cylinder cap, 24, back-up ring, 25, frame.

Five, embodiment

Below, in conjunction with Figure of description the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is further described:

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, can see, have hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism and rotating shaft 10 in the scheme, it is characterized in that: at the coaxial cylindrical coupling sleeve 12 that fixed magnet 13 fixedly is housed in a plurality of grooves that radially are shaped in the cylindrical upper edge or the blind hole that fixedly mounted in the rotating shaft 10 that connects with power source, on the cylindrical of coupling sleeve 15 with the corresponding position of each fixed magnet 13 above radially the gap corresponding be equipped with directly or indirectly by frame 25 constraints and radially drive by traditional hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism and near the polarity moving magnet 14 identical of an end of fixed magnet 13 with fixed magnet 13 polarity.

During specific design, the periphery at each magnet other position except that the working position of mutual correspondence can be set in the profile made with the nonmagnetic substance magnet overcoat corresponding with each magnet profile, the purpose of doing like this be when contact with each magnet zero, when parts adopt and make as ferrimagnets such as steel, because magnet is to its sucking action, will produce bigger mutual frictional force, in addition, after these parts are magnetized, also can cause certain rough sledding, be favourable so with nonmagnetic substance they are separated.Fixed magnet 13 can be arranged many groups vertically with moving magnet 14, and quantity fixed in every group of magnet, fixed magnet also can be unequal, and the radial section along system can correspondingly be arranged or cross arrangement, moving magnet 14 and fixed magnet 13 can be rectangle or ladder rectangle or cylindrical or ladder is cylindrical along mechanism's shape radially, the two relative working surface can be corresponding curved surface or plane or each other correspondence be shaped on the corresponding surperficial of projection and recess.This problem also will further specify in the back.

Relatively and each moving magnet 14, directly or indirectly hydraulic mechanism by frame 25 constraints or air pressure mechanism can be difference independently hydraulic mechanism or the air pressure mechanisms that directly or indirectly is fixed on the frame 25, also can be compound the be hydraulic mechanism of one or air pressure mechanisms.Generally speaking, hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism are designed to overall structure form often eaily, can reduce the cumulative volume of mechanism so more fully.

Be shaped on the ladder cylindrical structural of through hole in the middle of coupling sleeve 12 can be made, and be fixed in the rotating shaft 10 by key 11 and back-up ring 24, each fixed magnet 13 can be separately fixed on the coupling sleeve 12 by cavity shape pressure fast 8 and the screw 9 corresponding with its profile.Certainly, traditional fixing method is a lot, for example also can fixed magnet 13 be fixed on the coupling sleeve 12 by the method for heat seal, or after by the groove of making vertically by an end of coupling sleeve 12 fixed magnet 13 being packed into again from the fastening method of end face etc.Radially be contained in hydraulic mechanism or the air pressure mechanism piston 16 that sealing ring 6 is housed on its of each moving magnet 14 top can be installed in respectively on the cylindrical of the ladder cylinder block 15 that the through hole that is shaped on a vertically integral body and middle and coupling sleeve 12 cylindricals make matched in clearance radially with moving magnet 14 correspondence positions in the section position, hole, cylinder hole that is shaped on, have at the cylindrical that is set with endoporus and cylinder body 15 on the cylindrical of cylinder body 15 and on given radially spaced its cylindrical tradition to be housed and to advance, the annular cylinder sleeve 18 of oil extraction or mechanism of qi structure, cylinder body 15 is fixedly connected the two and the discoidal left cylinder cap 17 of ladder by screw 2 and screw 5 respectively with the left end of cylinder sleeve 18, and sealing gasket 3 and sealing gasket 4 are equipped with respectively in place, the plan position approach of three's correspondence, and left cylinder cap 17 is linked together by screw 1 and frame 25, cylinder body 15 is fixedly connected the two and the discoidal right cylinder cap 23 of ladder by screw 19 and screw 22 respectively with the right-hand member of cylinder sleeve 18, and sealing gasket 20 and sealing gasket 21 are equipped with respectively in place, the plan position approach of three's correspondence, can between each moving magnet 14 and cylinder body 15, the opposite back-moving spring 7 of action direction to 16 pairs of moving magnets 14 of action direction and piston of moving magnet 14 be housed radially.In addition, can be in the upper end of piston 16, be shaped on the part of a projection vertically, the purpose of doing like this is will move in the opposite direction under the effect of back-moving spring 7 owing to eliminate back piston when pressure, this is that the upper end of the bossing on the piston 16 just can be pushed up on the interior circle of cylinder sleeve 18, plays the position-limiting action that limited piston 16 is deviate from.

Below, 3 arrangement mode problems that further specify about magnet in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in Fig. 3, can see, on shaft section, when moving fixed magnet quantity equates, owing to be that homopolarity is relative, moving magnet 14 and fixed magnet 13 are when direction of rotation is done relative motion so the moment of resistance that produces when load is relatively large, will make system produce a bigger vibration, but, when moving magnet 14 unequal and mate when reasonable with the quantity of fixed magnet 13, this vibration can be eliminated, and its concrete way is to make when a part of moving magnet 14 and fixed magnet 13 are in two corresponding pole-faces and radially overlap, and the edge that is in that other relative position of respectively organizing magnet has has just begun to arrive contact position, the part that has enters contact position, what have has striden across contact position, so, and when the magnet in the group of magnets that the position overlaps misses mutually, the impact repulsion that is produced will respectively be organized the magnet alleviation by other, thereby has reached the purpose that alleviates vibration.Thus, if it is proper respectively to organize the magnet coupling, add the ability that hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism itself just have good absorption vibration, so say in principle, this vibration is avoidable.Because the moment of torsion that mechanism can transmit is relevant with the magnetic field intensity of magnet, therefore, when specific design, under the situation of considering concrete matching problem, should under possible situation, try one's best and improve the magnetic field intensity of respectively organizing magnet, like this, just can make the gap between moving magnet 14 and the fixed magnet 13 big as far as possible in working order down, thereby improve its fail safe and useful life.In addition, organize the axial of magnet at each, preferably be designed to respective protrusions and recessed structure, because so, because the effect of the mutual repulsion in side of each magnet convexconcave part, can cancel out each other the axial thrust that system produces in running, as can be seen, be very favorable from mechanical design point of view this point.Generally speaking, the matching problem of group of magnets can be determined by experiment on the basis of preresearch estimates.

Claims

1, a kind of magnetic brake, have hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism and rotating shaft (10), it is characterized in that: go up the coaxial cylindrical coupling sleeve (12) that fixed magnet (13) fixedly is housed in a plurality of grooves that radially are shaped in the cylindrical upper edge or the blind hole that fixedly mounted in the rotating shaft that connects with power source (10), on the cylindrical of coupling sleeve (15) with the top of the corresponding position of each fixed magnet (13) radially gap corresponding being equipped with directly or indirectly retrain and the polarity moving magnet (14) identical that radially drive by traditional hydraulic mechanism or air pressure mechanism and an end close fixed magnet (13) with fixed magnet (13) polarity by frame (25).

2, magnetic brake according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the periphery at each magnet other position except that the working position of mutual correspondence can be set in the profile made with the nonmagnetic substance magnet overcoat corresponding with each magnet profile, fixed magnet (13) can be arranged many groups vertically with moving magnet (14), and it is fixed in every group of magnet, the quantity of fixed magnet also can be unequal, and the radial section along system can correspondingly be arranged or cross arrangement, moving magnet (14) and fixed magnet (13) can be rectangle or ladder rectangle or cylindrical or ladder is cylindrical along mechanism's shape radially, the two relative working surface can be corresponding curved surface or plane or each other correspondence be shaped on the corresponding surperficial of projection and recess.

3, magnetic brake according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: relative and each moving magnet (14), directly or indirectly hydraulic mechanism that retrains by frame (25) or air pressure mechanism can be difference independently hydraulic mechanism or the air pressure mechanisms that directly or indirectly is fixed on the frame (25), also can be compound the be hydraulic mechanism of one or air pressure mechanisms.

4, magnetic brake according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ladder cylindrical structural that is shaped on through hole in the middle of coupling sleeve (12) can be made, and be fixed in the rotating shaft (10) by key (11) and back-up ring (24), each fixed magnet (13) can be separately fixed on the coupling sleeve (12) by cavity shape pressure fast (8) and the screw (9) corresponding with its profile, radially be contained in hydraulic mechanism or the air pressure mechanism piston (16) that sealing ring (6) are housed on its of each moving magnet (14) top can be installed in respectively on the cylindrical of the ladder cylinder block (15) that the through hole that is shaped on a vertically integral body and middle and coupling sleeve (12) cylindrical make matched in clearance radially with moving magnet (14) correspondence position in the section position, hole, cylinder hole that is shaped on, have at the cylindrical that is set with endoporus and cylinder body (15) on the cylindrical of cylinder body (15) and on given radially spaced its cylindrical tradition to be housed and to advance, the annular cylinder sleeve (18) of oil extraction or mechanism of qi structure, cylinder body (15) is fixedly connected the two and the discoidal left cylinder cap of ladder (17) by screw (2) and screw (5) respectively with the left end of cylinder sleeve (18), and sealing gasket (3) and sealing gasket (4) are equipped with respectively in place, the plan position approach of three's correspondence, and left cylinder cap (17) is linked together by screw (1) and frame (25), cylinder body (15) is fixedly connected the two and the discoidal right cylinder cap of ladder (23) by screw (19) and screw (22) respectively with the right-hand member of cylinder sleeve (18), and sealing gasket (20) and sealing gasket (21) are equipped with respectively in place, the plan position approach of three's correspondence, can between each moving magnet (14) and cylinder body (15), the back-moving spring (7) opposite to the action direction of moving magnet (14) with piston (16) to the action direction of moving magnet (14) be housed radially.