CN1940348A - 无级变速器 - Google Patents

无级变速器 Download PDF

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CN1940348A
CN1940348A CNA2006100009730A CN200610000973A CN1940348A CN 1940348 A CN1940348 A CN 1940348A CN A2006100009730 A CNA2006100009730 A CN A2006100009730A CN 200610000973 A CN200610000973 A CN 200610000973A CN 1940348 A CN1940348 A CN 1940348A
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若松俊男
毛利哲德
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Nidec Drive Technology Corp
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Nidec Shimpo Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种无级变速器,它能很容易地把无级变速器的输出轴与被驱动件的旋转轴连接起来,而且,能以很高的精度把输出轴的旋转速度传递给被驱动件的旋转轴。该无级变速器具有:受到驱动力而转动的输入轴(4);输出轴(5),其一端通过变速机构连接在上述输入轴上,另一端从上述壳体中突出;第一齿轮(42),设置在壳体(3)的外侧,用花键结合在输出轴(5)的凸出部上,与输出轴(5)一体地转动;第二齿轮(44),通过支轴(43)支承在壳体(3)上,能够转动,与第一齿轮(42)啮合。

Description

无级变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改变驱动源的旋转速度的无级变速器,特别是涉及在织机中受到驱动电动机的驱动力而旋转的、根据经纱的张力来改变卷绕着经纱的经轴的旋转速度的无级变速器。
背景技术
以往,公知有具有如下结构的无级变速器,即,在壳体内具有输入轴和输出轴,并把该输出轴的驱动力传递给被驱动件,所述输入轴受到驱动电动机的驱动力而转动,所述输出轴的一端通过变速机构连接在上述输入轴上,而另一端从上述壳体中突出。
此外,以往,在织机中,在送出经纱的驱动部具有如下的无级变速器,即,受到驱动电动机的驱动力而旋转,并根据经纱的张力来改变卷绕着经纱的经轴的转速(例如,参照专利文献1)。并且,此时,经轴的旋转轴连接在蜗轮上,与蜗轮啮合的蜗杆的旋转轴通过传动带或齿轮,连接在无级变速器的输出轴上。
【专利文献1】特开2002-088619号公报
近年来,在织机中,伴随着对提高织物质量的需求,要求无级变速器与蜗轮装置之间旋转速度的传递精度要求更高。
可是,如上所述,如果是通过传动带把无级变速器的输出轴连接在被驱动件的旋转轴上的结构,则由于在传动带上产生的微振动或传动带的打滑等,会影响旋转速度的传递精度,进而,有可能产生疵点(織段)而影响织物质量。
此外,以往,通过齿轮把无级变速器的输出轴连接在被驱动件的旋转轴上的结构,在把无级变速器安装在织机上时,由于没有预先把齿轮结合在输出轴上,因此把齿轮结合在输出轴上的作业就变得麻烦,作业性能差,或者由于影响了连接齿轮时的精度,从而有可能影响旋转速度的传递精度。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,提供一种能容易地把无级变速器的输出轴与被驱动件的旋转轴连接起来,并且,能以很高的精度把输出轴的旋转速度传递给被驱动件的旋转轴的无级变速器。
为了达到上述目的,本发明之一的无级变速器,其特征在于,具有:输入轴,容纳在壳体内,并且受到驱动力而转动;输出轴,其一端通过变速机构连接在上述输入轴上,另一端从上述壳体突出;第一齿轮,设置在上述壳体的外侧,并结合在上述输出轴的凸出部上,与该输出轴一体地转动;第二齿轮,能够转动地支承在上述壳体上,与上述第一齿轮啮合。
根据本发明之一所述的无级变速器,由于其具有设置在壳体的外侧,结合在输出轴的凸出部上,与输出轴一体地转动的第一齿轮;以及能够转动地支承在壳体上,与第一齿轮啮合的第二齿轮,因此能够容易地通过第一齿轮和第二齿轮把输出轴与被驱动件的旋转轴连接起来,而且,能以很高的精度传递旋转速度。此外,当在织机中送出经纱的驱动部上使用该无级变速器时,能减少在织物上产生的疵点,从而能够提高织物的质量。
即,根据本发明之一所述的无级变速器,由于能通过第一齿轮和第二齿轮把旋转动作传递给被驱动件,因此比起用传动带来进行该传递,能够减小传递部的微振动或打滑,从而能提高旋转速度的传递精度。此外,当把本发明之一的无级变速器安装在织机上时,由于第一齿轮和第二齿轮是预先安装好的,因而能提高与被驱动件连接时的作业性能和精度,进而能提高旋转速度的传递精度。此外,该无级变速器,由于把输出轴和第二齿轮都支承在共同的壳体上,因而能以很高的精度把输出轴的旋转动作传递给第二齿轮。
此外,如本发明之二所述的无级变速器,在本发明之一的基础上具有如下结构:具备支承上述第二齿轮的支轴,使该第二齿轮能够转动,上述支轴可装卸地固定在上述壳体上,并且在与轴向正交的方向上可以改变其固定位置,由此,能改变从第一齿轮的旋转中心到第二齿轮的旋转中心的距离,并通过改变第一齿轮与第二齿轮的外径和齿数的组合,能调节从输出轴传递给第二齿轮的旋转速度。此外,本发明之一的无级变速器通过改变从第一齿轮的旋转中心到第二齿轮的旋转中心的距离,可以调节齿轮的啮合深度,由此,能使第一齿轮与第二齿轮顺畅地啮合,并且能以很高的精度传递旋转速度。
此外,如本发明之三所述的无级变速器,在本发明之二的基础上,在上述壳体中设有多个上述支轴的安装部,由此,可改变支轴与第二齿轮的安装位置,从而能容易地改变从第一齿轮的旋转中心到第二齿轮的旋转中心的距离。
此外,如本发明之四所述的无级变速器,在本发明之一~三任一项的基础上,上述壳体由具有容纳上述变速机构的开口孔的第一壳体、和遮蔽该第一壳体的开口孔的第二壳体构成,上述输出轴和上述第二齿轮能够转动地支承在上述第二壳体上,由此就能容易地把变速机构容纳在第一壳体和第二壳体内,并且通过第二壳体能很容易地设置第一齿轮和第二齿轮。
由于本发明的无级变速器具有:第一齿轮,设置在壳体的外侧,并利用花键结合在输出轴的凸出部上,与输出轴一体转动;和第二齿轮,能够转动地支承在壳体上,并与第一齿轮啮合,因此能很容易地把输出轴与被驱动件的旋转轴连接起来,而且,能以很高的精度把输出轴的旋转动作传递给被驱动件的旋转轴。还有,本发明的无级变速器,由于输出轴和第二齿轮一起支承在共同的壳体上,因此能以很高的精度把输出轴的旋转动作传递给第二齿轮。此外,当在织机的送出经纱的驱动部上使用本发明的无级变速器时,能减少在织物上产生的疵点,并且能够提高织物的质量。
此外,本发明的无级变速器具有如下结构:具备支承第二齿轮的支轴,使该第二齿轮能够转动,上述支轴可装卸固定在壳体上,并且在与轴向正交的方向上可以改变其固定位置,由此能改变从第一齿轮的旋转中心到第二齿轮的旋转中心的距离,并通过改变第一齿轮和第二齿轮的外径与齿数的组合,能调节从输出轴传递给第二齿轮的旋转速度。此外,本发明的无级变速器通过改变从第一齿轮的旋转中心到第二齿轮的旋转中心的距离,可以调节齿轮的啮合深度,由此,就能使第一齿轮与第二齿轮顺畅地啮合,并能以很高的精度传递旋转速度。
此外,本发明的无级变速器,由于在壳体中设有多个支轴的安装部,因而能容易地改变从第一齿轮的旋转中心到第二齿轮的旋转中心的距离。
此外,本发明的无级变速器,壳体是由具有容纳变速机构的开口孔的第一壳体、和遮蔽第一壳体的开口孔的第二壳体构成的,输出轴和第二齿轮能够转动地支承在第二壳体上,由此,就能把变速机构容易地容纳在第一壳体和第二壳体内,并且通过第二壳体能容易地设置第一齿轮和第二齿轮。
附图说明
图1是表示使用了本发明的一个实施例的无级变速器的整体结构的外观图;
图2是从图1中的箭头A方向表示的上述实施例的无级变速器的外观图;
图3是上述实施例的无级变速器的沿着图2中的箭头Y-Y的剖面图;
图4是上述实施例的无级变速器的沿图1中的箭头B-B方向表示的局部剖面图;
图5是表示上述实施例的无级变速器中的变速机构的剖面图;
图6是上述实施例的无级变速器中的变速动作的说明图。
标号说明
1无级变速器;2、3、30壳体;2a安装部;2b安装孔;3a、3b支轴安装孔;4输入轴;4a大径部;5输出轴;6圆锥形转子;6a圆锥面;6b底面;6c环状槽;6d轴部;7变速环;8变速环滑动机构;9保持器;9a筒状部件;9b、9c卡环(止め具);10导向轴;11滚动件;12旋转轴;13小齿轮;14齿条;15盖;16、17、21、22、32、33、45、46轴承;18第一密封件;19、20、28、31、35螺栓;23第二密封件;24转子支承部件;25轨道环;25a凸轮抵接部;26输出凸轮;27压接力产生装置;27a球体;27b弹簧;27c支承部件;29、48、50螺母;34第三密封件;36塞子(plug);37卡环;38:O形密封圈;42、G1第一齿轮;43支轴;44、G2第二齿轮;47垫圈;U被驱动件;G、G3齿轮;W机器框体。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图说明本发明的无级变速器的一个实施例。图1是表示使用了本发明的一个实施例的无级变速器的整体结构的外观图;图2是从图1中的箭头A方向表示的上述实施例的无级变速器的外观图;图3是上述实施例的无级变速器的沿着图2中的箭头Y-Y的剖面图;图4是上述实施例的无级变速器的沿图1中的箭头B-B方向表示的局部剖面图;图5是表示上述实施例的无级变速器中的变速机构的剖面图;图6是上述实施例的无级变速器中的变速动作的说明图。
如图1~图3所示,无级变速器1在壳体2内具有下列部件:受到图中未表示的驱动电动机(即,所谓的驱动源)的驱动力而转动的输入轴4;输出轴5,与输入轴4隔开间隔地配置在同一条轴线上;多个圆锥形转子6,隔开间隔配置在输入轴4和输出轴5的外周上,以自身的中心轴线为轴进行转动,并且能够沿着输入轴4和输出轴5的外周转动;能够支承圆锥形转子6转动的转子支承部件24;变速环7,以包围多个圆锥形转子6的形式形成为环状,内表面与多个圆锥形转子6的圆锥面摩擦卡合;变速环滑动机构8,使变速环7从圆锥形转子6的顶点向周边滑动,并且可以改变变速环7与圆锥形转子6的摩擦卡合位置。另外,本发明中的变速机构,是由多个圆锥形转子6、转子支承部件24、变速环7、变速环滑动机构8等来实现其功能的。
此外,无级变速器1还具有下列部件:容纳变速机构的壳体(本发明中的第一壳体)2;通过轴承21、22能够支承输出轴5转动的壳体(本发明中的第二壳体)3;以及沿着轴向支承轴承21、22的盖15。此外,通过螺栓19固定壳体3和壳体2,通过螺栓20固定盖15与壳体3,从而将壳体2、3和盖15等固定成一个整体。
此外,无级变速器1通过塞子(图4中的标号36)把润滑剂填充到壳体2、3和盖15内,为了不让上述润滑剂外漏,在输入轴4与壳体2之间设有第一密封件18,在输出轴5与盖15之间设有第二密封件23,在壳体2与壳体3之间设有具有弹性的O形密封圈38。
如图2所示,壳体2具有安装部2a和安装孔2b,并通过安装部2a和安装孔2b固定在机器框体W上。
输入轴4通过轴承16、17能够转动地支承在壳体2上,输出轴5通过轴承21、22能够转动地支承在壳体3上。
如图5所示,圆锥形转子6具有:从圆锥形的顶点一直到周边的圆锥面6a;与圆锥面6a的中心轴线正交的底面6b;轴部6d,从底面6b大致正交地延伸出来,并且沿着其外周形成有剖面呈圆弧形的环状槽6c。
此外,在无级变速器1中还具有下列部分:大径部4a,一体地接合在输入轴4上,其外周与圆锥形转子6的环状槽6c摩擦卡合;轨道环25,卡合在输出轴5上,其外周摩擦卡合在圆锥形转子6的底面6b的端部上;压接力产生装置27,配置在轨道环25与输出轴5之间,将轨道环25压向输入轴4的一侧。压接力产生装置27使大径部4a、轨道环25和变速环7分别对圆锥形转子6产生压接力,同时,把轨道环25的旋转传递给输出轴5。
轨道环25能够滑动地卡合在输出轴5上,并被卡环37卡住,防止其脱离输出轴5。
圆锥形转子6的轴部6d能够转动地支承在转子支承部件24上,而且,圆锥形转子6由变速环7的内周面与圆锥面6a的摩擦卡合部、底面6b与轨道环25的摩擦卡合部、输入轴4的大径部4a与环状槽6c的摩擦卡合部支承。
压接力产生装置27由下列部分构成:球体27a;支承部件27c,支承球体27a,使其能够转动;输出凸轮26,支承球体27a的一端;凸轮抵接部25a,与轨道环25做成一个整体,支承球体27a的另一端;弹簧27b,设置在轨道环25与输出轴5之间,将轨道环25压向输入轴4的一侧。输出凸轮26通过花键结合的方式连接在输出轴5上,相对于输出轴5,在旋转方向上不能旋转,但是在轴向上能够滑动。
压接力产生装置27是一种跨接(乗り上げ)凸轮式的装置,其具有如下结构:在输出凸轮26与凸轮抵接部25a上形成相对置的凹部,该凹部夹持球体27a并呈圆弧形凹陷,球体27a卡合在该凹部内,在通过轨道环25传递给输出凸轮26的旋转扭矩大于等于规定值时,对应于该旋转扭矩的量,球体27a沿着圆弧形的凹部向凹部的开口侧移位,将轨道环25压向输入轴4一侧。
此外,压接力产生装置27构成为,在上述旋转扭矩未达到规定值时,球体27a卡合在输出凸轮26与凸轮抵接部25a的凹部的底部,借助于弹簧27b的弹力,将轨道环25压向输入轴4一侧。
其次,如图4、图5所示,变速环滑动机构8构成为,具有:把持变速环7的保持器9;导向轴10,支承保持器9,使其能沿着轴向滑动;并且,滚动件11通过筒状部件9a卡合在保持器9的贯通孔的内周上,并能在滑动方向上滚动,而保持器9通过滚动件11沿着导向轴10能够滑动。即,在保持器9的贯通孔的内周上,通过筒状部件9a卡合滚动件11,使其在滑动方向上能够滚动。保持器9和变速环7通过螺栓(图3中的标号28)和螺母(图3中的标号29)来固定。
导向轴10沿着输入轴4的轴向配置,其一端通过螺母(图3中的标号50)固定在壳体2上,另一端卡合在形成于壳体3上的卡合孔中。此外,筒状部件9a通过卡环9b、9c卡定在保持器9内,滚动件11沿着筒状部件9a的内周和轴向并列设置有多个。
此外,如图4所示,变速环滑动机构8构成为,具有:旋转轴12,配置在与输入轴4和输出轴5正交的方向上,并通过轴承32、33能够转动地支承在壳体30上;形成在旋转轴12前端的小齿轮13;齿条14,固定在保持器9上并与小齿轮13啮合;并且,随着旋转轴12的旋转,保持器9与变速环7一起沿着导向轴10滑动。
此外,壳体30通过螺栓31固定在壳体2上,齿条14通过螺栓35固定在保持器9上。此外,在旋转轴12的外周和壳体30的内周之间设有用于防止润滑剂泄漏的第三密封件34。
其次,具有上述结构的无级变速器1,通过旋转轴12使变速环7沿着圆锥形转子6的圆锥面6a移动,使变速环7与圆锥形转子6的摩擦卡合位置发生变化,从而能改变输出轴5的转动速度。即,如图6所示,如果把输入轴的旋转速度设为N1,把输出轴的旋转速度设为N2,则该无级变速器1以关系式N2=N1·f(bc-ad)/〔d(fa-ec)〕进行变速。
接着,如图1~图3所示,无级变速器1具有下列部件:第一齿轮42,输出轴5的前端从壳体3凸出,第一齿轮42用花键结合在该凸出部上并与输出轴5一体地转动;与第一齿轮42啮合的第二齿轮44;以及支轴43,支承第二齿轮44,使其能够转动,并且其基端部固定在壳体3上。
第一齿轮42在轴向上能滑动地卡合在输出轴5上,在旋转方向上用花键结合在输出轴5上,且通过螺栓(图中未表示)可以装卸地固定在输出轴5上。
第二齿轮44通过轴承45、46能够转动地支承在支轴43上。此外,第二齿轮44随着支轴43在壳体3上的装卸,而相对于壳体3进行装卸。
支轴43穿过形成在壳体3上的支轴安装孔3a,并通过垫圈47和螺母48紧固在壳体3上。此外,通过松开或者拧紧螺母48,就能在壳体3上装卸支轴43。
接着,如图2所示,在壳体3上设有多个使支轴43穿过的支轴安装孔3a、3b,并且在与轴向正交的方向上能够改变支轴43的安装位置。
此外,支轴安装孔3a和支轴安装孔3b的位置形成为,距输出轴5和第一齿轮42的旋转中心的距离彼此不同,因此,改变从第一齿轮42的旋转中心到第二齿轮44的旋转中心的距离,并改变第一齿轮42与第二齿轮44的外径以及齿数的组合,就能调节从输出轴5传递给第二齿轮44的旋转速度。
具体地说,如图2中的实线所表示的,通过支轴安装孔3a安装第二齿轮44,并且使第一齿轮与第二齿轮啮合,或者如图2中的双点划线所表示,通过支轴安装孔3b安装第二齿轮G2,使第一齿轮G1与第二齿轮G2啮合,由此,就能调节从输出轴5传递给第二齿轮44、G2的旋转速度。
此外,如图1、图2所示,无级变速器1在把旋转速度传递给被驱动件U的旋转轴时,将具有规定齿数和外径的齿轮G或齿轮G3卡合在被驱动件U的旋转轴上,并且使齿轮G与第二齿轮44啮合、或者使齿轮G3与第二齿轮G2啮合。
此外,让支轴43穿过的支轴安装孔3a、3b朝向输出轴5的旋转中心并形成为长孔形状,沿着长孔对第二齿轮44、G2、被驱动件U的齿轮G、G3等的位置进行微调,就能调节第一齿轮42、G1、第二齿轮44、G2、被驱动件的齿轮G、G3等各个齿轮的啮合深度。
下面,描述上述实施例中的无级变速器1的作用效果。
本实施例中所记载的无级变速器1,由于具有:第一齿轮42,配置在壳体2、3的外侧,并用花键结合在输出轴5的凸出部上,与输出轴5一体地转动;第二齿轮44,通过支轴43能够转动地支承在壳体3上并与第一齿轮42啮合;因此就能很容易地把输出轴5与被驱动件U的旋转轴连接起来,并且能以很高的精度把输出轴5的旋转速度传递给被驱动件U的旋转轴。此外,如果把本发明的无级变速器1用在织机中的送出经纱的驱动部上,就能减少织物的疵点,提高其质量。
此外,本实施例中所记载的无级变速器1,具有如下结构:能够支承第二齿轮44转动的支轴43被固定成能够装卸,而且,通过支轴安装孔3a、3b,在与轴向正交的方向上能够改变支轴的固定位置,由此,可以改变从第一齿轮42的旋转中心到第二齿轮44的旋转中心的距离,并且通过改变第一齿轮42与第二齿轮44的外径和齿数的组合,就能调节从输出轴5传递给第二齿轮44的旋转速度。
此外,本实施例中所记载的无级变速器1,通过支轴安装孔3a、3b来调节从第一齿轮42的旋转中心到第二齿轮44的旋转中心的距离,从而能使第一齿轮42与第二齿轮44之间顺畅地啮合,能够以很高的精度传递旋转速度,进而能以很高的精度把旋转速度传递给被驱动件U的旋转轴。
此外,本实施例中所记载的无级变速器1,由于壳体3上具有多个支轴43的安装孔3a、3b,所以通过改变支轴43的安装位置,就能很容易地改变从第一齿轮42的旋转中心到第二齿轮44的旋转中心的距离,而且,由于支轴安装孔3a、3b朝向输出轴5的旋转中心形成为长孔形状,因此沿着长孔对第二齿轮44、G2的位置进行微调,就能调整第一齿轮42、G1、第二齿轮44、G2、被驱动件的齿轮G、G3等的啮合深度。
此外,本实施例中所记载的无级变速器1,壳体是由具有容纳变速机构的开口孔的壳体2、和遮蔽壳体2的开口孔的壳体3所构成的,并且输出轴5和第二齿轮44能够转动地支承在壳体3上,由此,能很容易地把变速机构容纳在第一壳体2和第二壳体3内,并且能通过壳体3很容易地配置第一齿轮42和第二齿轮44。
此外,本实施例中所记载的无级变速器1,由于输出轴5和通过支轴43支承的第二齿轮44都支承在共同的壳体3上,所以,能以很高的精度把输出轴5的旋转动作传递给第二齿轮44。
以上,说明了本发明的一个实施例,但,本发明并不是仅限于上述实施例,它可以采取各种实施方式。例如,本实施例的无级变速器1形成两个支轴安装孔3a、3b,但安装孔的数量可以增加。此外,支轴安装孔3a、3b的形状并不是只限于圆形和长孔形状,例如,也可以做成以输出轴5的旋转中心为中心的圆弧形,或者把安装孔3a、3b连接成一个整体。

Claims (4)

1.一种无级变速器,其特征在于,具有:
输入轴,容纳在壳体内,受到驱动力而转动;
输出轴,其一端通过变速机构连接在上述输入轴上,另一端从上述壳体突出;
第一齿轮,设置在上述壳体的外侧并结合在上述输出轴的凸出部上,与该输出轴一体地转动;
第二齿轮,能转动地支承在上述壳体上,与上述第一齿轮啮合。
2.如权利要求1所述的无级变速器,其特征在于,具有如下结构:
具有支轴,支承上述第二齿轮,使其能够转动;
上述支轴可装卸地固定在上述壳体上,并且在与轴向正交的方向上可以改变其固定位置。
3.如权利要求2所述的无级变速器,其特征在于,
在上述壳体中设有多个上述支轴的安装部。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的无级变速器,其特征在于,
上述壳体由具有容纳上述变速机构的开口孔的第一壳体、和遮蔽该第一壳体的开口孔的第二壳体构成,
上述输出轴和上述第二齿轮能够转动地支承在上述第二壳体上。
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