CN1919484A - Plant restoration method for lead pollution of soil - Google Patents
Plant restoration method for lead pollution of soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN1919484A CN1919484A CN200610048663.6A CN200610048663A CN1919484A CN 1919484 A CN1919484 A CN 1919484A CN 200610048663 A CN200610048663 A CN 200610048663A CN 1919484 A CN1919484 A CN 1919484A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant restoring method of lead polluted soil, which comprises the following steps: planting butterflybush flower in the soil polluted by lead through direct transplanting or sowing pattern, controlling the soil acidity at neutral or acidness, harvesting periodically or according to lead content or growing height, remaining certain segment of sprout, disposing the harvested material at special place.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant restoration method of administering lead-contaminated soil, belong to the pollution control technical field.
Two, background technology
The phenomenon of lead-contaminated soil is commonplace in China some areas, particularly serious in some non-ferrous metal mining area and surrounding area, smeltery, plumbous average content reaches 500～18096mg/kg in the soil, in the GB15618-1995 " soil environment quality standard " for the soil critical value that ensures agriculture and forestry production and plant normal growth (≤500mg/kg).And be not subjected in the soil of lead contamination, lead content generally only is 2～100mg/kg, average 10mg/kg.
Lead is a kind of accumulation poisonous substance.Lead in the soil can be shifted to organism by bio-absorbable, and the people is then plumbous by the food chain picked-up.Discover, contact excessive lead and compound thereof for a long time and can cause palpitaition, emotional, the blood picture erythremia.After the plumbous infringement nervous system, insomnia, dreaminess, hypomnesia, tired occur, and then develop into manic, blind, in a certain state of delirium, stupor, dead because of cerebrovascular anoxic at last.Animal experiment shows that lead and compound thereof have carcinogenic and mutagenesis.
The method of administering lead-contaminated soil at present mainly contains: Agro-ecology method, engineering method and biological restoration method.
The Agro-ecology method comprises two aspects: the one, and the Agro-ecology control method is as regulating soil pH value, soil moisture, Eo+ (Eh) etc.; The 2nd, the agronomy repairing method comprises changing cropping pattern, the anti-lead contamination variety of crops of seed selection, selects the chemical fertilizer of suitable form etc.The dominant mechanism of Agro-ecology method is the lead in the curing soil, increases the confinement capabilities of soil to lead, reduces plumbous migration rate to plant in the soil, can reduce plumbous threat to health to a certain extent effectively.But this method can't fundamentally solve soil lead contamination problem.
The engineering method comprises chemical leaching, electronic reparation, soil change, plumbous curing etc.(1) chemical leaching adopts the lead migration can promote in the soil or the extractant of dissolving, and the lead of solid phase of soil combination is transferred in the liquid phase (extractant), more leaded liquid is collected from soil, separates and handles.Selecting suitable extractant is the key problem in technology of chemical leaching method.The effect of this method is apparent in view, but no matter uses which kind of extractant, all has the more high techno-economic question of recovery fully, secondary pollution and disposal cost.(2) electronic reparation utilizes electrode to make lead ion from soil surface desorb and dissolving, and directional migration is enriched in cathode zone, and extracting is removed again.This method has been carried out large-scale engineering test in the Germany and the U.S. at present, relatively is suitable for the clay and the silt soil of hypotonicity.But the difference of soil characteristic can influence the effect of electronic reparation, the practical application phenomenon opposite with experimental result therefore often occur.In addition, itself is corroded metal electrode easily, also can cause the secondary pollution of soil.(3) soil changes and mainly to comprise soil moved in to improve the original, soil removal and replacement and method such as dig; Soil moved in to improve the original is to add a large amount of clean soils in lead-contaminated soil; Soil removal and replacement is that lead-contaminated soil is directly taken away, changes to new uncontaminated soil; Dig is to turn over to lower floor polluting heavy soil.This method is both economical effectively to the small size lead-contaminated soil, but is not suitable for the improvement of lead-contaminated soil on a large scale, and the soil of exchanging away still exists how to deal carefully with and avoid secondary pollution problem.(5) plumbous curing is that lead-contaminated soil is mixed by a certain percentage with curing agent, reduces its harmfulness by physicochemical property and plumbous exist form or the adsorption and sedimentation process that changes soil.After lead in the soil is fixed, not only can alleviates plumbous physiology and poison, and can reduce plumbous to deep subsoil and phreatic migration rate to geobiont and plant.But this method is not thoroughly eliminated the lead contamination in the soil yet, and its long-time stability and Ecosystem System Influence is also lacked at present the research of this respect.
The biological restoration method is to utilize some specific animals and plants and microorganism to absorb the lead in the enrichment soil quickly and reach the purpose of repairing and purifying soil.Compare with other physics, chemical treatment method with said method, the biological restoration method has that security is higher, expense is lower and advantage such as effect is better, is a kind of environmentally friendly method.Wherein, but the microorganism reparation is the lead that utilizes in the certain micro-organisms absorption and accumulation soil, and changes the crop root microenvironment, reduces plumbous toxicity, improves plant to the absorption of lead or a kind of biological renovation method of fixed efficiency.But this method has many limitation: on the one hand the biomass of microorganism is too small, absorption plumbous less; Be difficult to carry out subsequent treatment on the other hand because of its biomass is very little.Phytoremediation is to utilize a kind of biological renovation method of the lead contamination in some self-sow or the artificially breeding plant in treating soil, its essence is the characteristic (being called the tired property of ultraproduct) that absorbs enriched lead by means of certain plants energy super quantity, with solar energy is driving force, a large amount of lead that absorb in the enrichment soil are purified lead-contaminated soil by the harvesting plant.
Since in the soil plumbous mobility a little less than, and fixing with sulfate or phos-phate forms easily by soil colloid or plant rhizosphere absorption, be unfavorable for plant absorbing.Therefore, the research of coercing of at present relevant plant absorbing enriched lead and anti-lead is less.About 14 kinds of the external plumbous hyperaccumulative plant of having reported, as Thlaspi rotundilolium, Alyssum wulfenianum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Fescuta ovina, Thlaspi caerulescens etc.Domestic native Jing Jie (Chenopodium ambrosioides), greenery three-coloured amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), false indigo (Sophora japonica) and Pinnate Beggarticks 4 kinds of plumbous hyperaccumulative plants such as (Bidens maximowicziana) reported.In addition, Sedum alfredii Hance (Sedum alfredii) and sorrel plants such as (Rumex acetosa) also have the certain absorption enrichment to the lead in the soil.
CN200410015651.4 relates to the plant restoration method of lead-contaminated soil.This method is by by the plumbous enriching plant Sedum alfredii Hance of lead contamination ecological region planting, absorb a large amount of lead in the soil by the Sedum alfredii Hance root system, and upwards transport and be transported to overground part, when plant strain growth to 30～40cm or harvesting overground part and it is removed after 3～4 months, then can from soil, take away a large amount of lead, thereby reach the purpose of quick improvement lead-contaminated soil.
CN200310110757.8 relates to the tuber fern (Nephrolepis auriculata L.Triman) and soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) plant restoration method of contaminated soil.Tuber fern plant and soybean crops that this method adopts seed selection to cultivate to arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury combined contamination soil, are taked a crop rotation and a kind method, help effective removing of harmful element in the contaminated soil.
CN200410015561.5 relates to the method that the low heavy metal pollution farming land of a kind of centering carries out phytoremediation.Method of the present invention mainly contains following two steps: some variety source of (1) screening corn, paddy rice, tomato, soybean and melon vegetables, the trophosome of these plants (root, stem and leaf) some heavy metal is had stronger absorption and accumulation ability and brood body (seed, fruit) content of beary metal in the food sanitation safe critical field; (2) variety of crops that the plantation screening obtains on the farming land of middle low heavy metal pollution, its seed (really) is real can be edible, root, stem and leaf then can constantly absorb the heavy metal of removing in the soil, treated utilization and be implemented in that repairing heavy metal in soil pollutes when not influencing farmland utilization.This method can be repaired the destination heavy metal pollution of soil when not influencing the farming land utilization, and effect is fine.
CN200410027833.3 relates to a kind of plant restoration method of heavy metal pollution of soil, be in containing the moistening soil of heavy metal, to plant Thymifoious Euphorbia Herb, or described Thymifoious Euphorbia Herb and ramie interplanting, or inoculating the heavy metallic activation bacterium on this basis, described heavy metallic activation bacterium is meant bacillus and pseudomonad.By plant, the activation bacterium of separating plant rhizosphere heavy metal, in conjunction with plant to the absorption of heavy metal and rhizosphere bacteria to the activation of heavy metal, realize efficiently repairing fast of heavy metal-polluted soil lead, cadmium pollution.
But the big multi-biomass of the above-mentioned lead of having found super accumulation plant is less, and it is slower to grow, and has greatly limited their practical applications aspect remediating lead-contaminated soil.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improvement lead-contaminated soil plant restoration method.In being subjected to the soil of lead contamination, directly transplant or the sowing butterflybush flower.Utilize butterflybush flower to the tired characteristic of the ultraproduct of lead, absorb lead in the enrichment soil in a large number, and it is upwards carried and transfer to overground part, remove lead in the soil by the harvesting overground part again, thereby finish improvement and reparation lead-contaminated soil by root system.
The present invention finishes by following steps,
Butterflybush flower is planted in the soil that is subjected to lead contamination by direct transplanting or seeding method, and the control soil acidity or alkalinity is neutrality or slant acidity, looks in the butterflybush flower overground part lead content or growing height and gathers in; Stay one section stubble that regrows after each harvesting, harvested material is delivered to special place focused on;
The pH that facts have proved control soil is 7.0～6.2 o'clock, and its root system absorbs the lead amount maximum in the enrichment soil, wants the mugineic acid material to be regulated for the soil of meta-alkalescence.The acidic materials of using comprise b diammonium disodium edta salt (EDTA), one or more in oxalic acid, citric acid, the DL-malic acid;
When the butterflybush flower plantation survives, in the time of aerial growth 6-8 month, gather in first when lead content surpasses 1400mg/kg in the butterflybush flower overground part, harvesting once or when butterflybush flower grows into 100～120cm was gathered in first when lead content surpassed 1400mg/kg in the butterflybush flower overground part later on, when growing into 100～120cm, butterflybush flower gathers in once later on, when gathering in the butterflybush flower overground part, answer toothing 30～40cm at every turn; The butterflybush flower overground part of each harvesting focuses on specially, and processing method comprises after lead or compression are reclaimed in burning, extraction makes innoxious landfill etc.
But assay method adopting by reference GB/T17140 of lead content in the butterflybush flower overground part " the mensuration KI-MIBK extraction atomic absorption spectrophotometry of soil quality lead, cadmium " or GB/T17141 " the mensuration graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry of soil quality lead, cadmium ".
Butterflybush flower (Buddleia officinalis Maxim), have another name called and cover flower, thin rice gruel flower, sheep ear, Loganiaceae (Loganiaceae) Lindley Butterflybush Herb belongs to (Buddleia) machaka, is grown in the other bushes in endroit, hills, river bank, the village of height above sea level 200～2800m or border.Adaptability is stronger, also can grow in the limestone mountain region.Be distributed in southwest, Central-South, Shaanxi, Gansu and the coastal provinces and regions of part more.
Butterflybush flower has a very wide distribution, and adaptability is strong.But in view of the soil meta-alkalescence can influence the adsorption and enrichment effect of butterflybush flower to lead, therefore, meta-alkalescence soil for pH＞7.0, can be adjusted to neutrality or slant acidity by using acidic materials such as an amount of oxalic acid, citric acid, DL-malic acid, with absorption enriching quantity, biological concentration coefficient and the plumbous migration total amount of further raising butterflybush flower, accelerate the industrialization process of this technology to lead.
Show that after deliberation butterflybush flower shows as the tired characteristic of the ultraproduct of lead to have stronger patience and absorb enrichment lead.Its overground part can absorb a large amount of lead of enrichment, generally can reach 1370mg/kg, is up to 6000mg/kg, exceeds about 270～1200 times of conventional plant (the about 5mg/kg of overground part lead content).Even in the slight pollution soil environment of lead content less than 500mg/kg, butterflybush flower still can reach 20 and 35 to the biological concentration coefficient of lead (in the plant in certain content of beary metal and its root region soil the ratio of this content of beary metal) and transfer ratio (ratio of this content of beary metal in plant shoot content of beary metal and its root).Therefore, butterflybush flower can be used for the improvement reparation of severe and slight lead-contaminated soil; Except that absorption enriching quantity and biological concentration coefficient and transfer ratio to lead, biomass and plumbous migration total amount are to estimate two other important indicator of phytoremediation lead-contaminated soil potential ability.Biomass is big more, illustrate isometric growth in the phase with identical concentration coefficient condition under, this plant absorbs enrichment from soil the amount of lead is many more; Plumbous migration total amount is big more, shows under identical planting conditions, and this plant makes lead-contaminated soil be reduced to GB15618-1995 " soil environment quality standard " and stipulates that the following used time of critical value is short more.Biomass of butterflybush flower and plumbous migration total amount are all bigger.Its biomass is about 10～20g/ strain (doing); The lead migration total amount of 100 strain butterflybush flowers is that 1390mg (is equivalent to 700～1400mg/kg) approximately.This is significant for reparation speed that improves lead-contaminated soil and reduction treatment cost, for the lead contamination of administering soil provides a kind of economic and practical plant restoration method.
Compare advantage and good effect that the present invention has with known technology
Compare with known technology, provided by the inventionly in lead-contaminated soil, plant butterflybush flower, utilize its biomass bigger, growth period is short and the tired characteristic of the ultraproduct of lead absorbed lead in the enrichment soil in a large number, eliminate the method for the lead contamination in the soil by the harvesting overground part, has the physicochemical property of not destroying soil, soil is not produced secondary pollution and plumbous absorption enriching quantity height, big and the plumbous migration total amount of biological concentration coefficient height, and construction investment is few, operating cost is low, prevention soil and water loss, beautify characteristics such as landscape environment, be applicable to the improvement reparation of severe and slight lead-contaminated soil, its environmental benefit, social benefit and economic benefit are obvious.
Four, the specific embodiment: further specify the solution of the present invention and effect below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Certain lead-contaminated soil pH value is 6.5-7, and lead content mean value wherein is 500mg/kg.Spacing in the rows according to 2～4m is transplanted to butterflybush flower in this soil.Survive growth after 5 months, gather in its overground part first.Measure by analysis, lead content is 1410mg/kg in the overground part, and the lead content mean value in the soil is reduced to 432mg/kg by original 500mg/kg, is equivalent to make the lead content in the soil to reduce 13.60%.Later every growth 100～120cm harvesting once, each harvesting back toothing 30-40cm, lead content in the soil then constantly reduces, through the lead content in 5 the harvesting back soil reduce to normal level (＜100mg/kg), reached the purpose of eliminating lead contamination in the soil effectively.Harvested material send the waste guaveyard security landfill.
Embodiment 2
The pH value of certain lead-contaminated soil is 8.4.By adding oxalic acid its pH is adjusted to 7.0-6.2.Spacing in the rows according to 2～4m after 6 months, is gathered in overground part with the butterflybush flower plantation.Measure by analysis, the lead migration total amount of 100 strain butterflybush flowers is 1390mg.As seen, by the plantation butterflybush flower, can make lead a large amount of in the soil migrate to the butterflybush flower overground part quickly.Through the harvesting overground part, can take away the lead in the soil effectively, obtain to administer the effect of soil lead contamination.Harvested material send the waste guaveyard security landfill.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of plant restoration method of administering lead-contaminated soil comprises butterflybush flower is planted in the soil that is subjected to lead contamination by direct transplanting or seeding method, makes it survive growth, it is characterized in that:
1), the control soil acidity or alkalinity is neutrality or slant acidity;
2), regularly or look in the butterflybush flower overground part lead content or growing height gathers in;
3) gather in after the butterflybush flower overground part, at every turn, should stay one section stubble;
4), harvested material being delivered to special place is focused on.
2, according to the plant restoration method of the described improvement lead-contaminated soil of claim 1, it is characterized in that, according to the spacing in the rows plantation butterflybush flower of 2～4m.
According to the plant restoration method of claim 1 or 2 described improvement lead-contaminated soils, it is characterized in that 3, basic soil wants the mugineic acid material to be regulated.
According to the plant restoration method of claim 1,2 or 3 described improvement lead-contaminated soils, it is characterized in that 4, described acidic materials comprise b diammonium disodium edta salt, one or more in oxalic acid, citric acid, the DL-malic acid.
5, according to the plant restoration method of claim 1,2,3 or 4 described improvement lead-contaminated soils, it is characterized in that, described periodical reaping is to gather in first when lead content surpasses 1400mg/kg in the butterflybush flower aerial part, harvesting once or when butterflybush flower grows into 100～120cm was gathered in first when lead content surpassed 1400mg/kg in the butterflybush flower aerial part later on, gathered in once when butterflybush flower grows into 100～120cm later on.
According to the plant restoration method of claim 1,2,3,4 or 5 described improvement lead-contaminated soils, it is characterized in that 6, behind described each harvesting butterflybush flower aerial part, the height for the stubble left is 30～40cm.
7, according to the plant restoration method of each described improvement lead-contaminated soil in the claim 1～6, it is characterized in that the method that described each harvested butterflybush flower overground part focuses on specially comprises after lead or compression are reclaimed in burning, extraction makes innoxious landfill.
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| CN100580053C (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2010-01-13 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Soil improving agent for reducing lead content of tea and method thereof |
| CN102189096A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-21 | 四川农业大学 | Remediation method for lead contamination in mine soil |
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