CN1918734A - Fuel cell generating system - Google Patents

Fuel cell generating system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1918734A
CN1918734A CNA2005800042427A CN200580004242A CN1918734A CN 1918734 A CN1918734 A CN 1918734A CN A2005800042427 A CNA2005800042427 A CN A2005800042427A CN 200580004242 A CN200580004242 A CN 200580004242A CN 1918734 A CN1918734 A CN 1918734A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
deterioration
flow
cell generation
situation
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Pending
Application number
CNA2005800042427A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
田中良和
中村彰成
尾关正高
小原英夫
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Publication of CN1918734A publication Critical patent/CN1918734A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel cell generating system comprises a fuel cell (11), deterioration judgment object (14, 15, 16) which is at least one of one or more fluid supplies (14, 15, 16) for supplying fluid relating to generation by the fuel cell, fluid flow detecting means (18, 19, 20) for directly or indirectly detecting the flow of the fluid supplied by the deterioration judgment object, flow control means (24) for controlling the flow of the fluid, deterioration judging means (25) for judging whether or not the deterioration judgment object (14, 15, 16) deteriorates, and operation control means (26) for controlling the operation of the fuel cell generating system. On the basis of the output command variable given to the deterioration judgment object (14, 15, 16) by the flow control means (24) and the detected value of the flow detected by the fluid flow detecting means (18, 19, 20), it is judged whether or not the deterioration judgment object (14, 15, 1 6) deteriorates.

Description

Fuel cell generation
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell generation.In more detail, relate to and judge whether fluid supply apparatus deterioration takes place, continue generating or fuel cell generation out of service in possible scope according to degradation.
Background technology
Make under the situation of fuel cell generation operation, must not have air and water or other fluid excessive or offer reformer and fuel cell etc. according to needed quantity insufficiently., in existing fuel cell generation, utilize fluid supply apparatus such as air blast and pump that fluid is provided here, utilize the flow (reference example such as patent documentation 1) of flow measurement constant current body.Figure 20 is the general block diagram of structure of the existing fuel cell generation of above-mentioned patent documentation 1 record.As shown in figure 20, existing fuel cell generation possess fuel cell, fuel treating equipment, to fuel treating equipment supply raw materials gas air blast, provide the pump of water and the flowmeter that detects the flow of water to fuel treating equipment.
Again, in fuel cell generation, take place under the unusual situation in fuel battery etc., continue operation if remain untouched, then device may break down.So (reference example such as the patent documentations 2) such as devices that in existing fuel cell generation, have the performance of monitor fuel cell group sometimes.In above-mentioned patent documentation 2, having proposed has under the unusual situation countermeasure such as come is cut off in fuel cell generation and load detecting fuel battery.
Fuel cell is owing to electric power generation reaction generates heat, and utilizes pump etc. to make the cooling water circulation to remove heat.In case the unusual cooling water of generations such as pump stops to flow, fuel cell can be subjected to serious damage owing to heating.Therefore be example protection fuel cell; proposed to detect the pressure reduction of cooling water channel; unusual or the method (patent documentation 3) of forcing to stop of report is being arranged under the unusual situation, having when unusual in process value such as the temperature of cooling water, cooling water flows; the output of fuel cell is reduced; so that process value recovers normal; with method (patent documentation 4) and detection refrigerant flow or the refrigerant pressure that continues operation, in output that fuel cell under the unusual situation is arranged or method (patent documentation 5) out of service.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2003-257463 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2000-67896 communique
Patent documentation 3: TOHKEMY 2003-168454 communique
Patent documentation 4: Japanese kokai publication hei 8-195208 communique
Patent documentation 5: TOHKEMY 2002-184435 communique
Summary of the invention
As described in patent documentation 3～5, take place under the unusual situation at cooling water system, in case stop the operation of fuel cell generation, supply of electric power just stops.Fuel cell generation plays a part lifeline, and unexpected meeting out of service produces deep effect to family life.And under the situation of the cogeneration system that uses fuel cell, the time of continuous service, long more then cost of energy was low more, can improve economic effect.If each generation is unusually all out of service, then, can reduce economic effect owing to when system start-up, need energy.
The output of fuel cell and continue operation here, takes place under the unusual situation, if then sometimes can improve economic effect at cooling water system as described in patent documentation 3～5.But serious unusually at cooling water system, or under the deterioration situation about further developing,, economic effect is worsened if extremely reduce output according to the state of system.
The present invention makes for solving above-mentioned existing problems, and its purpose is to provide the deterioration of the fluid supply apparatus relevant with fuel cell generation such as the cooling water of fuel cell or intensity of anomaly to carry out guaranteeing the fuel cell generation of the operation control of economic effect.
In order to solve above-mentioned existing problems, fuel cell generation of the present invention, possess: fuel cell, in the one or more fluid supply apparatus of the fluid relevant with described fuel cell power generation at least one is provided, it is the deterioration judging object, the flow detector of the detection usefulness of the flow of the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides, control the volume control device of the flow of the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides, and the operating control device of the operation of control fuel cell generation, described operating control device reduces the power output of fuel cell when described volume control device provides the flow of the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides under the situation of output order value of regulation to be in the 1st deterioration scope to described deterioration judging object, makes operation stop (claim 1) when described flow is in the 2nd deterioration scope.Adopt such structure, then under the situation of the 1st deterioration takes place the deterioration judging object, can reduce power output, prevent that on one side underfed from continuing to move.And fluid supply apparatus take place can be out of service under the situation of the 2nd deterioration.Therefore make operation stop to remain in necessary bottom line, simultaneously where necessary can be out of service, can guarantee economic effect.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, output order value that also can described regulation is that the actual output order value that provides of described fluid control device is provided, the detected value (claim 2) of the detected flow of described flow detector the when flow of the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides provides described output order value.When adopting such structure, therefore flow and the output order value of using actual detected to go out can carry out easy judgement.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, flow that also can the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides under the situation of the output order value that described regulation is provided, be according to the actual output order value that provides of described fluid control device, described flow detector detects the detected value of the flow that obtains, the predicted value (claim 3) of prediction when the described actual output order value that provides is provided.When adopting such structure, even in fact also can not judge for judgement changes output.
In the above-mentioned fuel cell generation, the output order value that also can be described regulation is and the corresponding output order value (claim 4) of maximum power output.When adopting such structure, under the situation that can not realize with the corresponding flow of maximum output, be judged to be the 1st deterioration takes place.In the 1st deterioration scope, reduce power output, can prevent underfed effectively.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can be the pressure-detecting device that described flow detector has the pressure that detects the described fluid that described deterioration judging object provides, according to the flow (claim 5) of the described fluid of described detected calculation of pressure.When adopting such structure, directly do not detect flow, and according to the pressure infer flow.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can be described deterioration judging to as if described fuel cell provided the oxidant feedway of oxidant gas and described fuel cell provided either party at least (claim 6) in the fuel supply system of fuel.When adopting such structure, can prevent the deficiency of the flow of oxidant.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can possess the fuel treating equipment that generates fuel from water and raw material, described deterioration judging to as if to described fuel treating equipment the water feeder of water is provided and raw material feed device that described fuel treating equipment is supplied raw materials in either party at least (claim 7).Adopt such structure, can prevent the underfed of sealing or raw material.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, when described operating control device judges that as described flow is in described the 1st deterioration scope, move control, so that the output of the power of fuel cell is below the higher limit of the power output of the described fuel cell corresponding with described judgement flow (claim 8).When adopting such structure, power output is changed according to deterioration, can prevent underfed reliably, expeditiously.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, can described the 1st deterioration scope be if proceed described restriction operation then favourable economically scope also, described the 2nd deterioration scope be if proceed described restriction operation then disadvantageous economically scope (claim 9).When adopting such structure, out of service in can only disadvantageous economically scope, further improve operational efficiency.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can described the 2nd deterioration scope be the scope (claim 10) that the higher limit of the power output of the described fuel cell corresponding with described judgement flow is lower than the power output of regulation.When adopting such structure, can judge that operation stops, not needing to carry out complex calculations for the judgement economy according to limit power output.Therefore can move the judgement that stops more easily.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can described the 2nd deterioration scope the efficient that is described fuel cell be lower than the scope (claim 11) of the efficient of regulation.When adopting such structure, can move the judgement that stops, not needing to carry out complex calculations for the judgement economy according to efficient.Therefore can move the judgement that stops more easily.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, the service cost calculation element of the one at least of the service cost of the one at least that also can possess the storage device of expense system of storage described electric power and/or raw material and the electric power that takes place according to the expense system computing fuel cell generation of predetermined electric power and raw material and pine for and electric power that alternative means takes place and heat, the service cost that described the 2nd deterioration scope is described alternative means is lower than the scope (claim 12) of the service cost of fuel cell generation.When adopting such structure, can judge actual cost, carry out the judgement of economy, and can further raise the efficiency.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can possess the communicator that the communication of utilizing obtains the existing expense system of described electric power and/or raw material, the expense system of utilizing described communicator to obtain is upgraded the expense system (claim 13) of described memory device stores.When adopting such structure, the parameter of update calculation cost can reflect the judgement of more accurate cost at any time.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can possess the running time of accumulative total fuel cell generation integrating device running time, show the display unit of the information of fuel cell generation, the detected value that obtains according to the output order value of described volume control device, described flow detector and the running time that described running time, integrating device obtained, predict that described detected value reaches the time prediction device of the time till the 1st and/or the 2nd deterioration scope, described display unit shows the time (claim 14) of described time prediction device prediction.When adopting such structure, the user can know the period that deterioration takes place in advance, and maintenance is more prone to.
In above-mentioned fuel cell generation, also can possess the maintenance annunciator, described maintenance annunciator detected value as described drops on the described deterioration judging object of report under the situation in the 1st deterioration scope and is necessary the situation (claim 15) of maintaining.Fuel cell generation is sometimes also as providing the device of electric power to undertake the effect of lifeline to family.If it is just out of service that in a single day serious fault takes place the practice fuel cells electricity generation system, then stop supply of electric power suddenly and great influence can take place family life.In order to make fuel cell generation operation stably economically, then be necessary to carry out the repairing or the replacement of pump class in the stage relatively early.If the employing said structure then can be reported the necessity that this fluid supply apparatus is maintained to the manager under the situation that is judged to be fluid supply apparatus generation deterioration.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, other purposes, feature, favourable part can go clearly to recognize from the detailed description of with reference to the accompanying drawings following best example being carried out.
Effect of the present invention is, can provide and have aforesaid structure, cooling water that can fuel cell etc., the deterioration of the fluid supply apparatus relevant with fuel cell generation and intensity of anomaly move control to guarantee the fuel cell generation of economy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the control device of expression the invention process form 1.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the relation exported of flow and the power of reformation water of the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1.
Fig. 4 is the figure of relation of the flow of the output order value of reformation water feeder of the expression fuel cell generation that offers the invention process form 1 and reformation water.
Fig. 5 takes place in the reformation water feeder in the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1 under the situation of deterioration, offers the figure of relation of the flow of the output order value of reformation water feeder and reformation water.
Fig. 6 is that expression is judged whether the 1st deterioration takes place in the fuel cell generation of the invention process form 1, limits an example of the table of operation usefulness.
Fig. 7 be in the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1 with respect to family's electric load of standard, the energy output chart of fuel cell generation generally.
Fig. 8 be in the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1 with respect to family's electric load of standard, the energy output chart of the fuel cell generation during the fluid supply apparatus deterioration.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of power output and the relation of efficient in the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1.
Figure 10 be in the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1 with respect to family's electric load of standard, the schematic diagram of limit power output and the relation of the cost figure of merit.
Figure 11 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 2.
Figure 12 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the control device of expression the invention process form 2.
Figure 13 is the relation that flow and the power of cooling water of the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 2 is exported.
Figure 14 is the figure of relation of the flow of the output order value of apparatus for supplying cool water of the expression fuel cell generation that offers the invention process form 2 and cooling water.
Figure 15 takes place under the situation of deterioration in the apparatus for supplying cool water in the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 2, offers the figure of relation of the flow of the output order value of apparatus for supplying cool water and cooling water.
Figure 16 is that expression has under the situation of development the deterioration that apparatus for supplying cool water in the fuel cell generation of the invention process form 2 takes place, and offers the figure of relation of the flow of the output order value of apparatus for supplying cool water and cooling water.
Figure 17 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 3.
Figure 18 is the concept map of Forecasting Methodology of the upper limit of the cooling water flow that can realize in the expression the invention process form 3.
Figure 19 is the concept map of the deterioration judging method of expression the invention process form 4.
Figure 20 is the structure chart of the existing fuel cell generation of expression.
Symbol description
11 fuel cells
12 fuel treating equipments
13 burners
14 reformation water feeders
15 raw material feed devices
16 oxidant feedwaies
17 apparatus for supplying cool water
18 reformation discharge checkout gears
19 material flow checkout gears
20 oxidant stream amount detecting devices
21 cooling water flow amount detecting devices
22 control device
23 maintenance annunciators
24 volume control devices
25 deterioration judging devices
26 operating control devices
27 control parts
28 storage parts
29 status storage
30 communicators
31 economy decision makers
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings desirable example of the present invention is described.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the fuel cell generation of expression the invention process form 1.To the fuel cell generation of this example, hardware and control system are separated explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.
At first below hardware is described.As shown in Figure 1, the hardware of this example possesses the fuel cell 11 that the electrochemical reaction of oxidants such as fuel that utilization provides and air is generated electricity, the reforming reaction that utilization takes place between raw material such as the natural gas that is provided and steam that the reformation water heating that is provided is obtained generates hydrogen-containing gas and offers the fuel treating equipment 12 that fuel cell 11 acts as a fuel, make the burner 13 that fuel treating equipment 12 is heated from the fuel (hereinafter referred to as " waste gas ") that does not the utilize burning of fuel cell 11 discharges, fuel treating equipment 12 is provided the reformation water feeder 14 of reformation water, the raw material feed device 15 that fuel treating equipment 12 is supplied raw materials, fuel cell 11 is provided the oxidant feedway 16 of oxidant, and the inside that cooling water is offered fuel cell 11, fuel cell 11 inside are cooled off, make its apparatus for supplying cool water that is maintained at the temperature that is suitable for reacting 17.Also have, reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16, apparatus for supplying cool water 17, in the explanation in claims as the fluid supply apparatus explanation.
In this example, raw material adopts natural gas, and reformation water and cooling water adopt ion exchange water, and oxidant adopts air.Reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16, apparatus for supplying cool water 17 adopt for example air blast and pump according to purposes.Air blast adopts for example vortex air blast (turbo blower), cfentrifugal blower (scrollblower), Sirocco fan etc.Pump adopts for example plunger displacement pump, membrane pump, centrifugal pump etc.Burner 13 adopts for example flame burner.In this example, in burner 13, the waste gas of fuel cell 11 and air mixed after-combustion, but can waste gas not utilized again yet, and the fuel of raw material as burning usefulness is used.
Below control system is described.As shown in Figure 1, the control system of this example possesses the reformation discharge checkout gear 18 of the flow that detects reformation water, detect the material flow checkout gear 19 of the flow of raw material, detection is as the oxidant stream amount detecting device 20 of the flow of the air of oxidant, detect the cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 of the flow of cooling water, to reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16 and apparatus for supplying cool water 17 provide the output order value with control reformation water, raw material, oxidant, the volume control device 24 of the flow of cooling water, with reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16 and apparatus for supplying cool water 17 judge as the deterioration judging object whether this deterioration judging object the deterioration judging device 25 of deterioration takes place, the operating control device 26 of the operation of control fuel cell generation, judge the whether economic economy decision maker 31 of operation of fuel cell generation, report that the feedway that is judged as the generation deterioration is necessary the maintenance annunciator 23 of maintaining, and obtain the communicator 30 that the data that are used to judge economy are used.In this example, volume control device 24, deterioration judging device 25, operating control device 26, economy decision maker 31 utilize software to concentrate in control device 22 and realize.Also have, above-mentioned each control device also can be realized by dispersing control.That is to say, also can be that volume control device 24, deterioration judging device 25, operating control device 26, economy decision maker 31 have independently control device respectively.Also possesses the temperature-detecting device (thermocouple etc., details is not shown) that detects each internal temperature in the inside of fuel cell 11 and fuel treating equipment 12.Also have, reformation discharge checkout gear 18, material flow checkout gear 19, oxidant stream amount detecting device 20, cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 are at the described fluid flow checkout gear of claims.
In this example, reformation discharge checkout gear 18, material flow checkout gear 19, oxidant stream amount detecting device 20, cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 adopt for example blender formula flowmeter and mass flow sensor.Control device 22 adopts for example microcomputer.Maintenance annunciator 23 adopts for example buzzer or display.Communicator 30 adopts and can be connected in for example imput output circuit of telecommunication networks such as radiolink, telephone line, the Internet lines.
Structure to control device 22 describes below.Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the general structure of expression control device 22.Control device 22 has control part 27 and storage part 28.Control part 27 adopts for example CPU.Storage part 28 adopts for example internal storage.The transducer class of the temperature-detecting device that control part 27 possesses from fuel cell 11 and fuel treating equipment 12, reformation discharge checkout gear 18, material flow checkout gear 19, oxidant stream amount detecting device 20, cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 etc. receives the detection signal of each detected object.Receive the expense system etc. of electric power and raw material again from Utilities Electric Co. and Gas Company etc. by communicator 30.Control part 27 is also by carrying out in storage part 28 saved software, the signal that receives is handled, control signal etc. is broadcast to controlling object and maintenance annunciators 23 such as burner 13, raw material feed device 15, reformation water feeder 14, oxidant feedway 16, apparatus for supplying cool water 17 according to its result.Control the flow etc. of temperature, raw material, fuel and the reformation water of fuel cell 11 and fuel treating equipment 12 with this.
Below with reference to Fig. 2 the action of control device 22 is described.Control program and each set point etc. that is used in this program are stored in storage part 28.Control part 27 is by reading this control program and it being carried out action as described below from storage part 28.The signal of the detected value of controlled variables such as the detected temperature of expression transducer class, flow is sent to control part 27.Control part 27 is stored in storage part 28 with these detected values as required.Control part 27 utilizes the control target of calculation control object such as the set point, detected value of storage part 28 storage etc.And control part 27 is rewritten the set point, control target etc. of storage part 28 storages where necessary according to result of calculation.Provide the output order value to controlling object as required again.More particularly, expression is broadcast to controlling object to the signal of the output order value of controlling object.By means of aforesaid action, the value of 22 pairs of controlled variables of control device detects, controls, and makes the fuel cell generation operation.In the function of such control device 22, following specific function is called as volume control device 24, deterioration judging device 25, operating control device 26 respectively.
Below to having the action of the fuel cell generation of this example of structure as mentioned above, at first be that the action during to common operation probably illustrates.
At first, reformation water and raw material offer fuel treating equipment 12 by reformation water feeder 14 and raw material feed device 15 respectively.The reformation water conservancy that offers fuel treating equipment 12 becomes steam with the heat heating evaporation that burner 13 provides.Reforming reactions take place with the raw material that is provided in fuel treating equipment 12 inside in this steam, generate hydrogeneous gas.The heat that reforming reaction needs is provided by burner 13.Hydrogen-containing gas is provided to fuel cell 11 from fuel treating equipment 12.Air as oxidant offers fuel cell 11 by oxidant feedway 16.In the fuel cell 11, the oxygen generation electrochemical reaction that comprises in fuel that is provided and the air generates electric power.Because of flowing the cooling water that provides by apparatus for supplying cool water 17 in the inside of fuel cell 11, this cooling water is eliminated the unnecessary heat of fuel cell 11 inside.
Control device 22 is according to the operational mode of storing in advance, or monitor, the flow of the internal temperature of control fuel cell 11 and fuel treating equipment 12 and air, raw material, reformation water, cooling water etc., make the fuel cell generation operation, to become the power output of corresponding power demand.
Below to generally the action for the flow control that realizes fluid being described.Flow (hereinafter referred to as " reformation discharge ") with reformation water is that example describes below, also utilizes same control that flow is controlled for other fluids.
Fig. 3 represents that power is exported and the concept map of the relation of the reformation discharge (hereinafter referred to as " required reformation discharge ") of needs.The output of hypothesis power is that linear relationship describes with the pass of required reformation discharge below, but both relations also can be relations such as curved line relation.As shown in Figure 3, along with the variation of power output, required reformation discharge also changes.Operating control device 26 utilizes this relation, calculates the controlled target of the flow of reformation water according to the output of the power of necessity, provides it to volume control device 24.
Fig. 4 is the concept map that expression offers output order value (hereinafter referred to as " reformation water output order value ") with the relation of reformation discharge of reformation water feeder 14.Below the pass of hypothesis reformation water output order value and reformation discharge is that linear relationship describes, but both relations also can be relations such as curved line relation.As shown in Figure 4, along with the variation of reformation water output order value, reformation discharge also changes.Volume control device 24 utilizes this relation with the controlled target adjustment of reformation discharge to required reformation discharge.In this example, the control of the flow of reformation water utilizes feedback to carry out.That is to say that 24 pairs of detected values of broadcasting from reformation discharge checkout gear 18 (hereinafter referred to as " detected value of reformation discharge ") of volume control device monitor, adjust reformation water output order value, till realizing this controlled target.But, under the situation of 14 pairs of specific reformation water output order values of reformation water feeder with the reformation water of high accuracy output specified quantitative, the also flow control that can utilize feed forward control method to reform water.In this case, reformation discharge checkout gear 18 does not participate in the control of the reformation discharge when common.Again, also carry out feedfoward control usually the time, and only carry out FEEDBACK CONTROL when deteriorations take place reformation water feeder 14 being judged to be.
Here, as shown in Figure 3, the power output that fuel cell generation can provide has the amplitude from minimum value (hereinafter referred to as " minimum power output ") Wmin to maximum (hereinafter referred to as " maximum power output ") Wmax.Corresponding with it, required reformation discharge also has the amplitude from minimum value (hereinafter referred to as " minimum required reformation discharge ") V ' min to maximum (hereinafter referred to as " maximum required reformation discharge ") V ' max.On the other hand, the size that offers the output order value of reformation water feeder 14 is limited, even the output order that goes beyond the limit value is provided, flow does not change yet, or because excessive load is damaged reformation water feeder 14.Therefore under the big situation of required reformation discharge, even might take place to make the output order value to increase to the upper limit can not realize the reforming situation of controlled target of discharge.But when moving usually, as shown in Figure 4, even the output order value is not brought up to the upper limit, system structurally also allows some leeway, and can make reformation discharge equal maximum required reformation discharge V ' max.
Here, if continue to use reformation water feeder 14 all the year round, then sometimes stream can leak, or the situation of deterioration such as sieve pore blockade can take place the filter that is installed on suction inlet.Fig. 5 is that the reformation water output order value under the situation of such deterioration and the relation concept figure of reformation discharge take place in expression.During the deterioration development, as shown in Figure 5, the relation curve of the flow of reformation water output order value and reformation water is moved, even make reformation water output order value rise to the upper limit, reformation discharge also only rises to till the V ' 1, and generation can not make reformation discharge equal the situation of maximum required reformation discharge V ' max.The upper limit of the reformation discharge that below can realize is called limit reformation discharge.As shown in Figure 3, reformation discharge only rises under the situation of limit reformation discharge V ' 1, makes power output also be merely able to rise to W ' 1, can not realize maximum power output Wmax.In this state, rise if make power output surpass W ' 1, the problem that the catalyst degradation of fuel treating equipment 12 damages can take place in the discharge of then reforming deficiency.
More than the flow control of reformation water is illustrated, and between flow and power output, have correlation too for raw material, cooling water, oxidant, be necessary that output changes flow corresponding to power.And because the deterioration of each feedway, in the time of can not realizing the maximum of the flow that needs, maximum power output Wmax can not realize.Under such state, want power output to increase to if make with more than the corresponding power output of the limit of the flow that can provide, unnecessary water can take place and forms water logging in that fuel treating equipment is inner in underfed then, or separates out the problem that carbon black from raw material causes obstruction etc. in stream.
Here the characteristic structure to the fuel cell generation of this example describes.Just in this characteristic structure, reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16, apparatus for supplying cool water 17 are taken as the deterioration judging object.The output order value and the corresponding detected detected value of fluid flow checkout gear that utilize deterioration judging device 25 to provide according to volume control device 24 have judged whether to take place to be necessary to reduce power output in case the deterioration of the degree of fluid stopping quantity not sufficient (hereinafter referred to as " the 1st deterioration ") to each deterioration judging object.Be judged to be under the situation that the 1st deterioration has taken place, utilize the output of the 26 pairs of power of operating control device to apply restriction, being controlled in the operation of fuel cell generation with the power output W ' 1 corresponding to V ' 1 be the upper limit (hereinafter referred to as " limit power output ") that power is exported.Utilize maintenance annunciator 23 to report simultaneously and must carry out this maintenance to the manager.
Again, further develop in case this deterioration is judged the deterioration of object, the generating efficiency of overall system and fail safe just descend.Therefore can utilize deterioration judging device 25, each deterioration judging object is judged with the detected value of the fluid flow checkout gear of correspondence according to the output order value that volume control device 24 is broadcast, if judge whether continue operation occurs in the deterioration of disadvantageous degree (hereinafter referred to as " the 2nd deterioration ") economically.Be judged as under the situation that the 2nd deterioration has taken place, utilizing operating control device 26 to make fuel cell generation out of service.
Below these actions are elaborated.Also have, enumerate the situation that deteriorations take place reformation water feeder 14 in the following description and describe, but apparatus for supplying cool water 17, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16 also can carry out same action certainly.
At first the decision method whether reformation water feeder 14 the 1st deterioration is taken place describes.In the following description, the situation that is output as 1000W with maximum power is that example describes.In this example, whether the utilization table to reformation water feeder 14 the 1st deterioration takes place is judged.Fig. 6 is that expression is judged whether the 1st deterioration taking place, and limits an example of the table of operation (being output as the operation that limit power is exported with the power less than maximum power output) usefulness.This table be illustrated in reformation water output order value in prescribed limit the time flow which can move (being output as the operation of limit power output with maximum power) usually at more than the value.Simultaneously, this table is represented should export corresponding to the limit power that the detected value of flow is set when reformation water output order value within the limits prescribed.
Deterioration judging device 25 receives reformation water output order value from volume control device 24, and receives the detected value of reformation discharge from reformation discharge checkout gear 18.Utilize the command value of reception and the table of detected value and Fig. 6, judge whether reformation water feeder 14 the 1st deterioration takes place, and set limit power output.
, be judged to be deterioration and do not take place above exporting under the situation of 1000W corresponding flow at detected flow (flow of judgement) under the output order value of described regulation with limit power.Be 40% for example in the output order value, the detected value of flow is under the situation of 22ml/min, owing to be more than the flow (20ml/min) of the limit power output 1000W corresponding with output order value 40%, be judged as deterioration does not take place, proceed common operation.
Less than exporting under the situation of 1000W corresponding flow with limit power, being judged to be the 1st deterioration takes place at detected flow under the output order value of described regulation, the power output corresponding with flow is judged as limit power output.Be 60% in the output order value for example, the detected value of flow is under the situation of 23ml/min, owing to be below the flow (30ml/min) of the limit power output 1000W corresponding with output order value 60%, be judged as the 1st deterioration takes place.And since the detected value of flow be 21 or more less than 24, therefore corresponding power output 700W is judged as limit power and exports W ' 1.
Under the situation that is judged to be reformation water feeder 14 generations the 1st deterioration, this situation is sent to operating control device 26 and maintenance annunciator 23.Utilize operating control device 26, W ' 1 is the upper limit of power output with power output, not to be higher than this power output, continues the operation (restricted operation) of fuel cell generation.Utilizing maintenance annunciator 23 to report to the manager again must limit maintenance.
Utilize above-mentioned action, in the fuel cell generation of this example, reformation water feeder 14 takes place under the situation of the 1st deterioration, though while underfed also can continue to move to report situation about must maintain to the manager.
After judging that the 1st deterioration takes place reformation water feeder 14, only also be otherwise the deterioration of maintaining reformation water feeder 14 will continue development.Along with the development of this deterioration, limit reformation discharge V ' 1 also reduces.In this example, utilize deterioration judging device 25 to change limit power output at any time according to output order value and flow detection value.By means of this, stable electric generation is carried out in the power output that can reduce according to the development appropriate change of this deterioration.
The decision method whether reformation water feeder 14 the 2nd deterioration is taken place describes below.In this example, utilize economy decision maker 31 to judge whether the 2nd deterioration takes place in the reformation water feeder 14.Below the action of economy decision maker 31 is elaborated.
In this example, relative electricity needs, the generating of set fuel cell generation is supplied under the not enough situation, buys power from civil power (not shown).For the electric power of needs, fuel cell generation is provided the needed expense of electric power and buys needed expense from civil power and compared, can judge favourable economically or unfavorable.Economy decision maker 31 is according to the expense system that is stored in the electric and raw material of storage part 28 in advance, decision is compared the higher electric power output area (fuel cell generation generates electricity than the disadvantageous economically scope that buys power from civil power) of expense of utilizing fuel cell generation that electric power is provided with buying power from civil power, with the scope of the reformation discharge of correspondence as the 2nd deterioration scope.Economy decision maker 31 is also considered the operation time zone, is stored hot water amount's (fuel cell generation is situation of the cogeneration system of heat supply also) etc., carries out economy in real time and judges.Electric and expense system raw material of storage part 28 storages also can utilize communicator 30 to carry out lastest imformation at any time.The economy that economy decision maker 31 carries out judges that also can adopt with power output or efficient is the simple and easy method of the 2nd deterioration scope less than setting.
Economy decision maker 31 is according to the expense system of the electric and raw material of storage part 28 storage, calculates the cost of the electric power that the cost that buys power from civil power and fuel cell generation provide with following formula.Below be that benchmark describes with the energy output of the regulation of fuel cell.
Civil power cost (yen)=energy output (kWh) * electricity expense usefulness (yen/kWh) ... (1)
Consumption of raw materials amount (the m of fuel cell cost (yen)=energy output (kWh) * per unit energy output 3/ kWh) * expense of raw materials (yen/m 3) ... (2)
At fuel cell generation is under the situation of cogeneration system, also can hot-water supply when generating electricity.The cost of the hot water that fuel cell generation provides is contained in the fuel cell cost.On the other hand, the cost (hereinafter referred to as " civil power provides the hot water cost ") of the hot water that provides under the situation of purchase civil power needs cost in addition except electric power.Under the situation of utilizing electrical heat hydrophone hot-water supply, civil power provides the hot water cost to calculate according to following formula.
Civil power provide the hot water of hot water service amount (the kcal/kWh) * electrical heat hydrophone of hot water cost (yen)=energy output (kWh) * per unit energy output provide efficient (kWh/kcal) * electricity charge (yen/kWh) ... (3)
Using gas water heater to provide under the situation of hot water, civil power provides the hot water cost to utilize following formula to calculate.
Civil power provides the hot water of hot water service amount (the kcal/kWh) * gas water heater of hot water cost (yen)=energy output (kWh) * per unit energy output that efficient (m is provided 3/ kcal) * gas charge (yen/m 3) ... (3 ')
Economy decision maker 31 is compared the cost of fuel cell generation and cost under the situation of utilizing civil power, determines it is favourable or unfavorable economically.Do not comprise under the situation that hot water is provided at fuel cell generation, utilize following formula to calculate the cost figure of merit.
The cost figure of merit=civil power cost-fuel cell cost ... (4)
Comprise (under the situation of cogeneration system) under the situation that hot water is provided at fuel cell generation, utilize following formula to calculate the cost figure of merit.
The cost figure of merit=civil power cost+civil power provides hot water cost-fuel cell cost ... (4 ')
In the cost figure of merit is under the situation of negative, and it is unfavorable economically compared with utilizing civil power to be judged to be fuel cell generation.There are various considerations time as judging, for example can consider following two kinds.The 1st kind is, official hour at interval the energy output consumption of raw materials amount of (per minute, each second etc.) from its moment calculate cost and judge.In this method,, also be judged to be the 2nd deterioration takes place even the cost figure of merit is a negative value in a flash, out of service.The 2nd kind is, official hour at interval (one day or a week) with described moment cost add up, the aggregate-value of the aggregate-value of the cost of mains supply and fuel cell cost is relatively carried out the economy judgement.In this method, even moment economy unfavorable, under favourable economically on the whole situation during the regulation, can continue operation.In the latter case, can proceed the operation of longer time.
Below the deterioration of reformation water feeder 14 and the relation of cost are described.When the deterioration of reformation water feeder 14 further develops, as mentioned above, limit power output is set in is lower than the operation of maximum power output resume.Normally then efficient is better for limit power output height, the low then inefficiency of limit power output.When deterioration continued development, limit power output descended, and the consumption of raw materials amount of the per unit energy output in the formula (2) rises, and the fuel cell cost increases.If formula of utilization (4) or formula (4 ') then can be obtained the relation of limit power output and the cost figure of merit in real time.Limit power output is corresponding with limit reformation discharge.Therefore limit reformation discharge be lower than with the cost figure of merit be under the situation of power output (hereinafter referred to as " critical power output ") corresponding flow of 0, also be disadvantageous economically even remain running in, so out of service.That is to say that the range of flow that limit reformation discharge is lower than with critical power output corresponding flow is taken as the 2nd deterioration scope.Be output as at for example critical power under the situation of 500W, will be lower than scope (scope of dotted line among Fig. 6) with the power of 500W output corresponding flow as the 2nd deterioration scope for each output order value among Fig. 6.Under the situation of the output order value that regulation is provided, the reformation discharge that is detected (judgement flow) is if in the 2nd deterioration scope, and is then out of service.
In aforesaid structure, the cost figure of merit is along with electricity and expense of raw materials system and move the time zone and change in real time, and therefore the 2nd deterioration scope also changes.But be lower than under the situation of predefined setting in power output and efficient, also can judge the 2nd deterioration takes place.The setting as described below of predefined setting.
Fig. 7 is expression with respect to the electric load of standard-family, the energy output chart of fuel cell generation generally.Fig. 8 is expression with respect to the electric load of standard-family, the energy output chart of the fuel cell generation during the fluid supply apparatus deterioration.Fuel cell generation as shown in Figure 7, the electric load operation is followed in the generating that is fit to family load in possible energy output scope.System is present under the situation of the 1st deterioration scope, and limit power output is lower than maximum power output, so energy output as shown in Figure 8.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the relation of output of expression power and efficient.Can change under the situation of fuel cell generation of output at 300～1000W for example, the loss that heating causes and make energy that actuator action needs etc. does not almost have when being output as 300W different when being output as 1000W.Because the energy consumption of the necessity that has nothing to do with output is arranged, normally the more little efficient of power output is low more for fuel cell generation.
Here, so-called efficient, be the ratio that makes the energy (being electricity and hot water) of system acting energy needed (raw material) and system's output under the situation of cogeneration system, promptly electric energy ÷ raw material energy=generating efficiency, heat energy ÷ town gas (raw material) energy=heat efficiency (hot water provides efficient), generating efficiency+hot water provide efficient=gross efficiency.Efficient is low more, and obtaining identical output needs more energy, and is therefore unfavorable for economy.
Figure 10 is expression for the electric load of standard-family, the schematic diagram of limit power output and the relation of the cost figure of merit.According to Figure 10, be that limit power output A decision below 0 is for judging whether reformation discharge is in the power output of the regulation that the 2nd deterioration scope uses with the cost figure of merit.If ask the flow corresponding to limit power output A, reformation discharge then is used as and is in the 2nd deterioration scope under this flow, makes fuel cell generation out of service.
Under the situation of utilization ratio, judgement also can use the same method.With efficient is transverse axis, and the cost figure of merit is that the longitudinal axis is made chart, and the power output B of the regulation of the 2nd deterioration scope that whether is in is judged in decision.If ask the corresponding flow with limit power output B, reformation discharge then is used as under this flow and is in the 2nd deterioration scope, stops the operation of fuel cell generation.
Utilize the above action, deterioration takes place at reformation water feeder 14 in the fuel cell generation of this example, under the disadvantageous situation of economy, the operation of fuel cell generation is stopped.By means of this, even reformation water feeder 14 takes place also can prevent to proceed under the disadvantageous economically state operation under the situation of deterioration.
As mentioned above, carry out deterioration judging with two stages, even fluid supply apparatus generation deterioration, if reducing the scope (the 1st deterioration) that power output just can be carried out favourable economically operation, then continue to reduce power output operation, if continue to move then deterioration develops into (the 2nd deterioration) under the disadvantageous economically situation, out of service, can realize guaranteeing the operation control of economy like this.
Again, for the various fluids that comprise cooling water, if under the situation of underfed, continue operation, then the fluid supply apparatus beyond this fluid supply apparatus, fuel cell, reformer etc. also can break down, or cause fuel cell easily, the deterioration of catalyst that inside such as reformer is contained etc.If adopt the fuel cell generation of this example,, can prevent the deterioration and the fault of other component parts even fluid supply apparatus generation deterioration then also owing to reduce power output, the situation of underfed does not take place.
Also have, in this example, reformation discharge checkout gear 18 use traffic meters, but also can replace flowmeter, the pressure gauge of the pressure that detects reformation water is set or detects the current meter of the flow velocity of reformation water, judge according to the relation of output order value and pressure or flow velocity to reduce necessity that power exports or necessity out of service.Or, the result who obtains is carried out above-mentioned judgement as flow according to pressure or flow velocity reckoning flow.By means of this,, also can reduce power output and continue operation simultaneously, and manager's report is necessary reformation water feeder 14 is maintained even directly do not detect under the situation of flow.Again, in the deterioration continuation development of reformation water feeder 14, under the disadvantageous situation that becomes economically, can be out of service.
Even the fluid supply apparatus beyond the reformation water feeder 14, be to take place in raw material feed device 15, apparatus for supplying cool water 17, the oxidant feedway 16 also can utilize same action to obtain same effect under the situation of deterioration.Consequently,, also can when preventing underfed, proceed operation, will need the situation report manager that this fluid supply apparatus is maintained simultaneously even if under the situation of fluid supply apparatus generation deterioration.Again, the deterioration continuation development at fluid supply apparatus causes under the disadvantageous situation economy, can be out of service.
Whether also have, take place in to a plurality of fluid supply apparatus under the situation that deterioration judges, the pattern of preferably utilizing maintenance annunciator 23 to report is different respectively for each feedway.The time and the object that make the manager recognize easily like this to maintain can more effectively carry out the maintenance of fuel cell generation.
In to a plurality of fluid supply apparatus, whether take place under the situation that deterioration judges, be judged to be a plurality of fluid supply apparatus when the 1st deterioration takes place, preferably minimum power output is exported as limit power in the power output with the response traffic under the situation that each fluid supply apparatus is provided upper limit output order value, makes the fuel cell generation operation with the power output that is no more than this value.Consequently,, continue operation, will need the situation report manager that this fluid supply apparatus is maintained simultaneously while also can prevent underfed even under the situation of a plurality of fluid supply apparatus generation deteriorations.
Again, in judging a plurality of fluid supply apparatus, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, be judged to be when the 2nd deterioration takes place for any one in this fluid supply apparatus, preferably out of service.Consequently, even the deterioration of any fluid supply apparatus also can cause economically unfavorable under the situation of not maintaining, also can be out of service.
Example 2
Even the invention process form 1 is not controlled maximum stream flow as target, also can utilize list deciding deterioration judging object whether the 1st and the 2nd deterioration takes place, and under the present invention's the 2nd example situation that this flow can not be realized when actual trial is controlled for the needed flow of controlled target of realizing power output, utilize deterioration judging device 25 to be judged to be the deterioration judging object the 1st deterioration and the 2nd deterioration take place.
Figure 11 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the fuel cell generation of this example of expression.Figure 12 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of control device of the fuel cell generation of this example of expression.Followingly this example is described with reference to Figure 11 and Figure 12.In Figure 11 and Figure 12, to being marked with identical symbol with the corresponding structural element of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.This example is deleted economy decision maker and communicator from example 1, other structural elements are identical with example 1.Therefore, to being marked with identical symbol and omitting its explanation at structural element corresponding between this example and the example 1.
In having the fuel cell generation of structure as mentioned above, whether the action beyond the decision method of the 1st and the 2nd deterioration takes place in the deterioration judging object, identical with example 1, therefore omit its explanation.
For being described below with example 1 difference.In the following description, enumerate the situation that deterioration takes place in the apparatus for supplying cool water 17, but, also can implement identical action certainly for reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16.
Flow control when common action describes at first below.Below describe with the example that is controlled to be of the flow (hereinafter referred to as cooling water flow) of cooling water, also can utilize identical control method to carry out flow control for other fluids.
Figure 13 is expression power output and the concept map of the relation of required cooling water flow (hereinafter referred to as required cooling water flow).Below the output of supposition power is that linear relationship describes with the pass of required cooling water flow, but both relations also can be the relations by curve representation.As shown in figure 13, along with the variation of power output, required cooling water flow also changes.Operating control device 26 utilizes this relation to calculate the controlled target of cooling water flow, makes it meet required power output, provides it to volume control device 24.
Figure 14 is the concept map that expression offers output order value (hereinafter referred to as cooling water output order value) with the relation of the flow of cooling water of apparatus for supplying cool water 17.Below the pass of supposition cooling water output order value and cooling water flow is that linear relationship describes, but both relations also can be the relations by expressions such as curves.As shown in figure 14, along with the variation of cooling water output order value, cooling water flow also changes.Volume control device 24 utilizes this relation with the controlled target adjustment of cooling water flow to required cooling water flow.In this example, the flow control of cooling water utilizes FEEDBACK CONTROL to carry out.That is to say that the detected value (hereinafter referred to as the cooling water flow detection values) that 24 pairs of cooling water flow amount detecting devices of volume control device 21 are broadcast monitors, adjusts cooling water output order value and is achieved up to this controlled target.But apparatus for supplying cool water 17 is sent with high accuracy more for specific cooling water output order value under the situation of cooling water of specified quantitative, also can utilize feedfoward control to carry out cooling water flow control.In this case, the cooling water flow control of cooling water flow amount control device 21 when common is irrelevant.Can usually the time, carry out feedfoward control again, only under the situation that is judged as apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generation deteriorations, carry out FEEDBACK CONTROL.
Here, as shown in figure 13, the power output that fuel cell generation can provide has the amplitude from minimum value (hereinafter referred to as minimum power output) Wmin to maximum (hereinafter referred to as maximum power output) Wmax.Corresponding required cooling water flow with it also has the amplitude from minimum value (hereinafter referred to as the required cooling water flow of minimum) Vmin to maximum (hereinafter referred to as the required cooling water flow of maximum) Vmax.On the other hand, offer output order value big or small limited of apparatus for supplying cool water 17, can not change flow, perhaps can destroy apparatus for supplying cool water 17 owing to excessive load even the output order value that goes beyond the limit provides.Therefore under the big situation of required cooling water flow, the output order value is increased to the situation that the upper limit can not realize the controlled target of cooling water flow even may take place.But when moving usually, as shown in figure 14, system constitutes has surplus, even also can make cooling water flow equal maximum required cooling water flow Vmax so that make the output order value bring up to the upper limit.
Here,, sometimes can on stream, leak, or be installed on deterioration conditions such as sieve pore blockade takes place on the filter of suction inlet if continue to use apparatus for supplying cool water 17 throughout the year.Figure 15 is that the concept map of the relation of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow takes place under the situation of such deterioration in expression.In case deterioration continues development, as shown in figure 15, the relation curve of the relation of expression cooling water output order value and cooling water flow is moved, even make cooling water output order value rise to the upper limit, cooling water flow also just rises to V1, and generation can not make cooling water flow equal the situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax.Below the upper limit of the cooling water flow that can realize is called limit cooling water flow.As shown in figure 13, only rise at cooling water flow under the situation of limit cooling water flow V1, power output also is merely able to rise to W1, can not realize maximum power output Wmax.In this state, if want to make power output to rise and surpass W1, the cooling water flow quantity not sufficient will take place, the overheated and problem that damages of fuel cell 11.
More than the flow control of cooling water is illustrated, between flow and power output, have dependency relation too for raw material, reformation water, oxidant, required flow is corresponding to power output and change.Again, because the deterioration of each feedway, in the time of can not realizing the maximum of required flow, maximum power output Wmax can not realize.Under such state, if power output is increased to more than the power output corresponding with the flow limit that can supply, then underfed can take place, the unnecessary water of fuel treating equipment 12 inner generations causes water logging, or the jet-black that causes owing to too much raw material on the stream is separated out the problem of sieve pore blockade.
Here, the structure to the feature of the fuel cell generation that forms this example describes.That is to say that in this characteristic structure, reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16, apparatus for supplying cool water 17 are taken as the deterioration judging object.By means of the detected value that 25 pairs of deterioration judging devices obtain for output order value that the deterioration judging object provides according to volume control device 24 and corresponding fluid flow checkout gear, consider that economy and fail safe judge the deterioration (hereinafter referred to as the 1st deterioration) of the degree of the maintenance that whether needs repairing.Being judged to be under the situation that the 1st deterioration takes place, utilize operating control device 26, the restriction in the operation is set, proceed the operation (restriction operation) of fuel cell generation within the possible range.Utilize 23 couples of managers of maintenance annunciator to report simultaneously and need carry out this maintenance.
Again, in case the deterioration of this deterioration judging object further develops, the restriction that is subjected in operation is bigger, and the generating efficiency of entire system and fail safe reduce.Therefore, the output order value of broadcasting according to volume control device 24 by means of 25 pairs of each deterioration judging objects of deterioration judging device and the detected value of corresponding fluid flow checkout gear, judge whether taken place to keep necessary running status, therefore be necessary the deterioration (hereinafter referred to as the 2nd deterioration) of degree out of service from economy and security consideration.Being judged to be under the situation that the 2nd deterioration takes place, utilize operating control device 26 to make fuel cell generation out of service.
Below these actions are elaborated.Also have, in the following description, adopt the situation that deterioration takes place apparatus for supplying cool water 17 to describe, but also can carry out same action for reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16 certainly.
The decision method that at first whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration is taken place describes below.In this example, even adjust cooling water output order value in the following scope of the upper limit, utilize cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 detected cooling water flows also not reach under the situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax, utilize deterioration judging device 25 to judge the 1st deterioration takes place at apparatus for supplying cool water 17.
In this example, when the control target of power output is set in maximum power output Wmax, utilize deterioration judging device 25 to judge in the apparatus for supplying cool water 17 whether the 1st deterioration takes place.At first maximum power being exported Wmax sets as control target.This setting utilization is exported Wmax by control part 27 for example with maximum power in advance and is stored in storage part 28 as control target and carries out.Control apparatus for supplying cool water 17 with this, so that utilize volume control device 24 to make cooling water flow equal maximum required cooling water flow Vmax.Utilize deterioration judging device 25 to monitor the detected value of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow again.Even if the detected value of cooling water flow demonstrates cooling water output order value is adjusted, cooling water flow does not reach maximum required cooling water flow Vmax yet, then utilizes deterioration judging device 25 to be judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration takes place.
Under the situation that is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 1st deterioration, this situation is sent to operating control device 26 and maintenance annunciator 23.Operating control device 26 makes fuel cell generation operation (restriction operation) with the upper limit of the power output W1 (Figure 13) corresponding with limit cooling water flow V1 as power output with the power output resume that is not higher than this.Utilize maintenance annunciator 23 to report and to maintain again to the manager.
By means of above-mentioned action,, report and to maintain to the manager Yi Bian also can continue within the bounds of possibility to move even the fuel cell generation of this example takes place at apparatus for supplying cool water 17 under the situation of the 1st deterioration.
Also have, be judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 and take place under the situation of the 1st deterioration in this example, output is provided with upper limit continuation operation to power, but also other conditions can be set.No matter what condition is set, as long as the degree of the deterioration that can take place corresponding to apparatus for supplying cool water 17 continues operation in possible scope, what condition can.
Again, in this example, even the scope below the upper limit is adjusted cooling water output order value, cooling water flow does not reach under the situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax yet, utilizes deterioration judging device 25 to be judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration takes place.But, judge whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 decision method of the 1st deterioration takes place, so long as can maintain apparatus for supplying cool water 17 according to the detected value judgement needs of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow, then no matter be that what method can.For example providing the specific output order value below the upper limit (for example 80% of the upper limit) time to realize under the situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax, also can be judged to be the 1st deterioration takes place.In this case,, therefore operation is not limited, only report the situation of the maintenance that needs repairing even special problem can not take place with maximum power output Wmax operation yet.Like this, even in the deterioration initial stage of the restriction that does not need to be provided with operation, also to manager's report maintenance that needs repairing.Therefore, the manager can more safely carry out maintenances such as the replacing of parts and repairing.
Be judged as after the 1st deterioration takes place apparatus for supplying cool water 17, only otherwise maintain, the deterioration of apparatus for supplying cool water 17 also might further develop.Along with the development of this deterioration, limit cooling water flow V1 also descends.In this example, when limit cooling water flow V1 is control target, whether 21 pairs of cooling water flows of cooling water flow amount detecting device reach V1 is judged, under situation about not reaching, with at this moment cooling water flow as limit cooling water flow V1.To move as the limit power output resume corresponding to the power output of the V1 that upgrades then.By means of this, the scope that can move according to the development appropriate change of this deterioration can stably be generated electricity.
The decision method whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration is taken place describes below.Under the situation of not maintaining, as shown in figure 16, deterioration further develops.In this example, even adjust cooling water output order value in the scope below the upper limit, 50% the power that does not also reach maximum power output Wmax at cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 detected cooling water flows is exported under the situation of needed flow, is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration does not take place.
In this example, whether the controlled target of power output to apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration took place and judges near 50% o'clock of maximum power output Wmax.In the controlled target of power output 50% o'clock, volume control device 24 and deterioration judging device 25 are transmitted these information near maximum power output Wmax.24 pairs of apparatus for supplying cool water 17 of volume control device are controlled, so that cooling water flow equals the corresponding required cooling water flow of controlled target with power output.Utilize the detected value of deterioration judging device 25 pairs of cooling water output orders value and cooling water flow to monitor.Although cooling water output order value equates with the upper limit, do not reach 50% the corresponding required cooling water flow of power output with maximum power output Wmax if the detected value of cooling water flow is expressed cooling water flow, then deterioration judging device 25 is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 2nd deterioration.Under the situation that is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 2nd deterioration, this situation is sent to operating control device 26, and operating control device 26 stops the operation of fuel cell generation.
Utilize the above action, deteriorations take place at apparatus for supplying cool water 17 in the fuel cell generation of this example, can not keep under the situation of running status of economy and security requirement, and the operation of fuel cell generation is stopped.By means of this, take place under the situation of deterioration at apparatus for supplying cool water 17, can prevent to continue operation with economy and the in-problem state of fail safe.
Also have, in this example, even adjust in the scope below the upper limit under the situation that cooling water output order value cooling water flow do not reach the cooling water flow corresponding with 50% the power output of maximum power output Wmax yet, be judged as apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 2nd deterioration.But, judge whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 method of the 2nd deterioration takes place, so long as can judge whether to keep the method for economy and the needed running status of fail safe according to the detected value of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow, no matter what determination methods can.For example during the specific output order value below the upper limit is provided (for example 80% of the upper limit), cooling water flow does not reach under the situation of the cooling water flow corresponding with 50% the power output of maximum power output Wmax, can utilize deterioration judging device 25 to judge apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 2nd deterioration yet.
Again, in this example, cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 adopts flowmeter, but also can replace flowmeter, pressure gauge that detects cooling water pressure or the current meter that detects the cooling water flow velocity are set, from the necessity of the maintenance of the relation judgement apparatus for supplying cool water 17 of output order value and pressure or flow velocity or the necessity that operation stops.By means of this, even directly do not detecting under the situation of flow, on one side also can continue operation within the bounds of possibility, Yi Bian need maintain apparatus for supplying cool water 17 to manager's report.Again, further develop, can not keep under the situation according to economy and the needed running status of security consideration, operation is stopped in the deterioration of apparatus for supplying cool water 17.
Fluid supply apparatus beyond the apparatus for supplying cool water 17, be that raw material feed device 15, reformation water feeder 14, oxidant feedway 16 take place also to utilize same action to obtain same effect under the situation of deteriorations.Consequently, in any fluid supply apparatus, take place under the situation of deterioration, report situation about need maintain this fluid supply apparatus to the manager while also can continue within the bounds of possibility to move.Again,, can not keep under the situation of economy and the needed running status of security consideration in the deterioration continuation development of this fluid supply apparatus, can be out of service.
Also have, in to a plurality of fluid supply apparatus, whether take place under the situation that deterioration judges, preferably maintain the pattern that annunciator 23 reports and adopt different patterns respectively for each feedway.By means of this, time and object that the easy identification of manager should be maintained can carry out the maintenance of fuel cell generation more expeditiously.
In judging a plurality of fluid supply apparatus, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, when being judged to be generation the 1st deterioration for a plurality of fluid supply apparatus, preferably will provide power output minimum in the power output of correspondence of the flow under the situation of output order value of the upper limit as limit power output, make the fuel cell generation operation with the power output that is no more than this value to each fluid supply apparatus.Consequently, even under the situation of a plurality of fluid supply apparatus generation deteriorations, on one side also can continue operation within the possible range, Yi Bian be necessary this fluid supply apparatus is maintained to manager's report.
Again, in judging a plurality of fluid supply apparatus, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, be judged to be when the 2nd deterioration takes place for any one in this fluid supply apparatus, preferably out of service.Consequently,, also have even under the situation of not maintaining, owing to the deterioration of a certain fluid supply apparatus can not be kept under the situation of economy and the needed running status of security consideration, also can both be out of service.
Example 3
The flow that example 2 of the present invention requires for the controlled target that realizes power output is when reality attempts controlling, under the irrealizable situation of this flow, be judged to be at the deterioration judging object by deterioration judging device 25 the 1st and the 2nd deterioration takes place, and the detected value of the invention process form 3 storage output order values and fluid, flow when utilizing the prediction of result of storing that the output order value is set as the upper limit judges whether at the deterioration judging object the 1st and the 2nd deterioration takes place according to predicting the outcome by deterioration judging device 25.Again, example 3 of the present invention is judged to be the deterioration judging object and takes place under the situation of the 1st deterioration, the manager in a distant place is circulated a notice of situation about must maintain by communicator.
Figure 17 is the block diagram of schematic configuration of the fuel cell generation of this example of expression.Followingly this example is described with reference to Figure 17.In Figure 17, the structural element corresponding with Figure 11 is marked with identical symbol.This example is the example that appends status storage 29 and communicator 30 on example 2, and other structural elements are identical with example 2.Therefore omit its explanation for corresponding structural element (being marked with the structural element of same-sign among Figure 11 and Figure 17) between this example and the example 2.
To be storages offer the output order value of raw material feed device 15, reformation water feeder 14, oxidant feedway 16, apparatus for supplying cool water 17 and from reformation discharge checkout gear 18, material flow checkout gear 19, oxidant stream amount detecting device 20, cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 status storage to the detected value of the flow of control device 22 inputs from control device 22 to status storage 29.Status storage 29 adopts for example external memory storage etc.Again, communicator 30 is the communicators (comprise transceiver, below identical) that need maintain usefulness to manager report to fuel cell generation.Communicator 30 adopts the terminal installation that for example connects on communication networks such as radiolink, telephone line, the Internet wire.
In having the fuel cell generation of structure as mentioned above, whether take place the 1st in the deterioration judging object and report that with the decision method of the 2nd deterioration and to the manager action beyond the method that need maintain is identical with example 2, so omit its explanation.
For with example 2 differences, will be described below.In the following description, the situation that deterioration takes place with apparatus for supplying cool water 17 describes, but for reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16, also can implement identical action certainly.
In this example, even adjust cooling water output order value in the scope below the upper limit, cooling water checkout gear 21 detected cooling water flows can not reach under the situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax, utilize deterioration judging device 25 to judge that the 1st deterioration takes place apparatus for supplying cool water 17.Even and adjust cooling water output order value in the following scope of the upper limit, cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 detected cooling water flows do not reach 50% the power of realizing maximum power output Wmax yet and export under the situation of needed flow, be judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration takes place.In order to judge whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration and the 2nd deterioration take place, determination limit cooling water flow V1 in advance in this example.
Below at first to judging that the method whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration takes place describes.Figure 18 is the concept map of the Forecasting Methodology of the limit cooling water flow V1 in this example of expression.Below the relation of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow be assumed to linear relationship describe, but both relations also can be the relations with curve representation.The detected value of cooling water output order value and cooling water is being stored in status storage 29 whenever the 1st stipulated time.This storage was upgraded whenever the 2nd stipulated time.Utilize deterioration judging device 25 again, whenever longer than the 1st stipulated time, identical with the 2nd stipulated time or than its short time, according to the relation of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow, and be stored in the cooling water output order value of status storage 29 and the detected value prediction limits cooling water flow V1 of cooling water flow.Here, the 1st stipulated time can be considered for example 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 1 hour etc.And the 2nd stipulated time can consider 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week etc.Forecast method for example adopts the prediction by means of linear regression.The limit cooling water flow V1 of prediction than the little situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax under, deterioration judging device 25 is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration takes place.
Under the situation that is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 1st deterioration, this situation is sent to operating control device 26, maintenance annunciator 23 and communicator 30.The power output W1 (Figure 13) corresponding with the limit cooling water flow V1 that measures in advance by means of operating control device 26 is used as limit power output, makes fuel cell generation continue operation (restriction operation) with the power output that is no more than this value.Utilize will the need repairing thing of maintenance of maintenance annunciator 23 to notify the manager again.Also utilize will the need repairing thing notice manager far of maintenance of communicator 30.
Utilize the above action, the fuel cell generation of this example can be judged and need maintain apparatus for supplying cool water 17 before can not realizing required cooling water flow becoming.By means of this, can report under the situation of the maintenance that needs repairing to the manager in the more early stage stage.Even the manager is in far, the manager also can know under the situation of the maintenance that needs repairing.By means of this, can be more effectively and manage safely and maintain.
Also have, in this example, also can be the same with example 2, set the condition that is different from the upper limit that power output is set.Again, judge whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 decision method of the 1st deterioration takes place, the stage before the required cooling water flow of can not realizing so long as can become actually maintains apparatus for supplying cool water 17 according to the detected value judgement needs of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow, no matter what decision method can.Also can be judged to be by deterioration judging device 25 the 1st deterioration takes place by providing specific output order value below the upper limit (for example 80% of the upper limit) can realize under the situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax for example expecting.In this case, owing to also can not produce special problem with maximum power output Wmax operation, therefore operation is not limited, just report need be maintained.Like this, do not needing will the need repairing situation report manager of maintenance of the deterioration initial stage that operation is provided with restriction.Like this, the manager can carry out maintenances such as safer part replacement and repairing.
Be judged to be after the 1st deterioration takes place apparatus for supplying cool water 17, only otherwise maintain, the deterioration of apparatus for supplying cool water 17 also can continue development.Along with the development of this deterioration, limit cooling water flow V1 also reduces.In this example,, the power output corresponding with V1 is also calculated once more whenever the 2nd stipulated time prediction limits cooling water flow V1 once more.Then, export under the also low situation than limit power in this power output, the value that limit power is exported is updated to this power output.By means of this, the scope that can move according to the development appropriate change of deterioration is carried out stable generating.
The decision method whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration is taken place describes below.Under the situation of not maintaining, deterioration continues development.In this example, do not reach 50% the power of realizing maximum power output Wmax at limit cooling water flow V1 and export under the situation of needed flow, be judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration takes place.In this example, per the 2nd stipulated time utilizes 25 pairs of limit cooling water flows of deterioration judging device V1 to predict, under the situation of this value less than the required flow corresponding with 50% of maximum power output Wmax, deterioration judging device 25 is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration takes place.Take place under the situation of the 2nd deterioration being judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water, this information is delivered to operating control device 26, and operating control device 26 makes fuel cell generation out of service.
Utilize the above action, the fuel cell generation of this example becomes actually and can not realize before the required cooling water flow, can judge the running status that whether can keep according to economy and security requirement.By means of this, can judge early whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 deterioration takes place, can prevent under economy and the in-problem state of fail safe, to continue operation.
Also have, in this example, the limit cooling water flow V1 of prediction is lower than under the situation of the required cooling water flow corresponding with 50% the power output of maximum power output Wmax, is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 2nd deterioration.But, also can the limit cooling water flow V1 that is for example predicted be lower than with maximum power output Wmax 50% beyond under the situation of the corresponding required cooling water flow of the power output of (for example 60% etc.), judge apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 2nd deterioration.Judge the 2nd deterioration whether method takes place apparatus for supplying cool water 17, so long as can be according to the detected value of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow, become actually and can not realize whether the phase judgement before the required cooling water flow can keep the method for economy and the desired running status of fail safe, no matter be that what method can.
In this example, also can the pressure gauge of detection usefulness of cooling water pressure be set or current meter that the cooling water flow velocity detects usefulness replaces flowmeter, whether judge that according to the relation of output order value and pressure or flow velocity needs are maintained apparatus for supplying cool water 17 or needs are out of service at cooling water flow amount detecting device 21.Again, the feedway beyond the apparatus for supplying cool water 17 promptly takes place in raw material feed device 15, reformation water feeder 14, the oxidant feedway 16 also to take same action under the situation of deterioration, obtains same effect.Judge under the situation whether deterioration takes place in a plurality of feedwaies, preferably make the Report mode of maintenance annunciator 23 different respectively for each feedway.In judging a plurality of feedwaies, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, be judged as under the situation that the 1st deterioration takes place in a plurality of feedwaies, preferably, make fuel cell generation not to be higher than the power output operation of this value so that minimum power in the maximum possible power output of each fluid is output as the upper limit.Again, in judging a plurality of feedwaies, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, in being judged to be any one feedway, take place under the situation of the 2nd deterioration, preferably out of service.
Example 4
Example 3 of the present invention is set at flow under the upper limit case according to the detected value of flow and output order value prediction with the output order value, according to predicting the outcome, utilize decision maker 25 to judge whether the deterioration judging phenomenon the 1st and the 2nd deterioration takes place, example 4 of the present invention is not then predicted, utilize deterioration judging device 25 utilization that the relation of the detected value of output order value under the deterioration state and fluid flow does not take place, judge whether the deterioration judging object the 1st and the 2nd deterioration takes place.
The structure of the fuel cell generation of this example is identical with example 3, therefore omits its explanation.Again, for the fuel cell generation of this example, whether the deterioration judging object decision method action in addition of the 1st and the 2nd deterioration takes place, since identical with example 3, its explanation therefore omitted.
To illustrate below with example 3 differences.Also have, in the following description, illustrate that the situation of deterioration takes place apparatus for supplying cool water 17, and also can carry out same action for reformation water feeder 14, raw material feed device 15, oxidant feedway 16 certainly.
In this example, cooling water is provided with command value adjustment in the following scope of the upper limit cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 detected cooling water flows are reached under the situation of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax, utilize deterioration judging device 25 to be judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration takes place.Again, adjust cooling water output order value in the following scope of the upper limit cooling water flow amount detecting device 21 detected cooling water flows are reached under the situation of the needed flow of realization of 50% power output of maximum power output Wmax, be judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration takes place.In order to judge whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration and the 2nd deterioration take place, in this example, utilize the cooling water output order value under the state do not generate deterioration as yet and the relation of cooling water flow.
At first, the decision method whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration is taken place describes.In this example, when fuel cell generation is finished or the maintenance of apparatus for supplying cool water 17 when finishing (hereinafter referred to as first operation time), cooling water output order value rises to the upper limit at certain interval, and the detected value of each cooling water output order value and cooling water flow is stored in status storage 29.Be in the line of the relation of the cooling water output order value of deterioration state not and cooling water flow according to the cooling water output order value of storage and the detected value of cooling water flow decision expression apparatus for supplying cool water 17, below this line be called the initial value line.Also have, the method for decision initial value line not necessarily is limited to the method that the output order value is risen, and also can consider to store at a certain time interval the whole bag of tricks such as detected value of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow.The determining method of initial value line is so long as be foundation with the cooling water command value in first when operation and the detected value of cooling water flow, and any method can.
Again, develop into the relation of the output order value of state of the maintenance that needs repairing and flow as the 1st threshold line with deterioration, the relation that develops into output order value under the deterioration state that can not keep economy and the desired running status of fail safe and flow with deterioration is as the 2nd threshold line, and described threshold line determines according to the initial value line.In this example, the initial value line parallel is moved so that it is by the intersection point of the upper limit of maximum required cooling water flow Vmax and output order value, with it as the 1st threshold line.The initial value line parallel is moved so that it is output as the 50% o'clock required cooling water flow of maximum power output Wmax and the upper limit intersection point of output order value by power, with it as the 2nd threshold line.Also have, determine the method for each threshold line not necessarily to adopt aforesaid parallel moving method, also can represent the straight line of relation of output order value and flow or the parameter of curve, determine each threshold line according to this parameter from the initial value line computation.The determining method of each threshold line so long as with the initial value line of first when operation decision be foundation, no matter what method can.
Figure 19 is the concept map of the deterioration judging method of this example of expression.In this example, to on cooling water output order value-cooling water flow plane, draw point (プ ロ ッ ト) according to the cooling water flow that cooling water output order value and cooling water flow detection values are obtained, when this point was positioned at the 1st threshold line downside, deterioration judging device 25 was judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration takes place.
Under the situation that is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 1st deterioration, this information is passed to operating control device 26, maintenance annunciator 23 and communicator 30.Operating control device 26 with maximum power export Wmax 50% as limit power output, carry out the operation (restriction operation) of fuel cell generation with the power output resume that is not higher than this value.Be necessary the situation of maintaining to manager report by maintenance annunciator 23 again.Also have, communicator 30 will be necessary that the situation report of maintaining gives far manager.
By means of above action, in the fuel cell generation of this example, can not be necessary the deterioration judging object is maintained under the situation of prediction of limit cooling water flow V1 even do not carry out at the phase judgement that needed flow becomes before can not realizing yet.By means of this, can judge early whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 1st deterioration takes place with easy method, can access maintenances such as the exchange of parts and repairing.Even and under manager's situation in distant, also can understand the situation that this fuel cell generation is maintained of being necessary, can carry out more high efficiency management and maintenance.
Below the 2nd deterioration whether decision method being taken place apparatus for supplying cool water 17 describes.In this example, when this point) being positioned at the 2nd threshold line downside, deterioration judging device 25 is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 the 2nd deterioration takes place, under the situation that is judged to be apparatus for supplying cool water 17 generations the 2nd deterioration, this situation is sent to operating control device 26, and operating control device 26 makes fuel cell generation out of service.
Utilize the above action, in the fuel cell generation of this example, even not under the situation that limit cooling water flow V1 is predicted, also can become actually and can not realize judging before the required cooling water flow and can not keep economy and the desired running status of fail safe.By means of this, can judge early whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 deterioration takes place with easy method, can prevent under economy and the in-problem state of fail safe, to continue operation.
Also have, in this example, also equally can set the condition that is different from the power output upper limit with example 2.Again, whether apparatus for supplying cool water 17 decision method of the 1st deterioration takes place so long as can judge the method that apparatus for supplying cool water 17 is maintained of being necessary according to cooling water output order value and cooling water flow detection values, no matter be which type of decision method can.The 2nd deterioration whether decision method takes place in apparatus for supplying cool water 17, so long as can determine the decision method that can not keep economy and the desired running status of fail safe according to the detected value of cooling water output order value and cooling water flow, no matter which type of decision method can.
In cooling water flow amount detecting device 21, the pressure gauge that detects cooling water pressure can be set also or the current meter that detects the cooling water flow velocity replaces flowmeter, necessity of apparatus for supplying cool water 17 being maintained according to the relation judgement of output order value and pressure or flow velocity or necessity out of service.Again, the feedway beyond the apparatus for supplying cool water 17 promptly takes place in raw material feed device 15, reformation water feeder 14, the oxidant feedway 16 also to utilize same action to obtain identical effect under the situation of deterioration.In judging a plurality of feedwaies, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, preferably adopt the pattern of different utilization maintenance annunciator 23 reports for each feedway.In judging a plurality of feedwaies, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, detect in a plurality of feedwaies under the situation of deterioration, preferably so that minimum power in the maximum possible power output of individual fluid is output as the upper limit, not to be higher than power output the carrying out operation of fuel cell generation of this value.Again, in judging a plurality of feedwaies, whether take place under the situation of deterioration, take place under the situation of the 2nd deterioration being judged to be any one feedway, operation is stopped.
Replenishing of example 1～4
The what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " fluid " comprises all gas and the liquid that use in the fuel cell generation.Specifically, the reformation water and the raw material that for example offer fuel treating equipment are arranged, offer recirculated water that air, fuel and the air that the heating fuel processing unit is used, the air that offers fuel treating equipment and cooling water, the recuperation of heat of the fuel, oxidant, cooling water of fuel cell and cooling usefulness use etc.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " fluid supply apparatus " is meant to have the device that fluid is offered the means of using in specific place, is not only unloading part, comprises also that fluid is taken into mouthful, sends mouthful, fluid is adjusted valve, stream etc.Specifically, have for example air blast, fan, pump and be connected with its on needle-valve, proportioning valve, pipeline, filter etc.More particularly, air blast, fan, pump have for example plunger displacement pump, membrane pump, centrifugal pump, turbo-blower, vortex air blast, ring drums blower fan, Sirocco fan etc.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " detection ", be meant the value or the signal that utilize transducer etc. to obtain having certain relation with specific physical quantity, be not limited to obtain have the situation of the measured value of the specific unit corresponding with this physical quantity, comprising as certain signal of telecommunication (voltage etc.) yet this physical quantity is detected, is not the situation that physical quantity ground is controlled with this converting electrical signal.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " fluid flow checkout gear " is meant the device of the physical quantity such as flow, pressure, flow velocity of test fluid, and the flow of this physical quantity and this fluid has certain relation.Specifically, for example flowmeter, pressure gauge, current meter etc. are arranged.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " deterioration ", be meant the ability drop of the fluid that fluid supply apparatus provides, be not limited to the deterioration of the fluid supply apparatus that wearing and tearing such as fan cause itself, the situation that the fluid supply capacity of the entire system that sieve pore blockade and the stream that is also contained in the filter that is provided with on the fluid flowing path of this fluid etc. leaks, obstruction etc. causes descends.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " volume control device ", " deterioration judging device ", " operating control device ", be meant that formation can control the flow of each fluid respectively, judge the deterioration of fluid supply apparatus, certain device of structure of the operation of control fuel cell generation.Specifically, microcomputer substrate that electronic circuit for example constitutes, IC chip etc. are arranged.
Also have, the number of volume control device, deterioration judging device, operating control device is no matter what can.For example can also can respectively possess one with all fluid corresponding flow control device, deterioration judging device, operating control devices.Also can possess the number that equals the flow kind respectively with each fluid corresponding flow control device, deterioration judging device, operating control device again.Again, volume control device, deterioration judging device, operating control device needn't necessarily possess as discrete device, carrying out decentralized control, also can be to utilize a control device (microcomputer etc.) to realize the control of concentrating of volume control device, deterioration judging device, operating control device.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " maintenance " is meant under the situation of fluid supply apparatus generation deterioration, makes the deliverability of this fluid supply apparatus recover the step of use.Specifically, the replacement of pump for example, the cleaning of filter, repairerment of pipe arrangement etc. are arranged.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " report " is meant the action that information can be passed to the third party.Specifically, comprise the transmission that for example utilizes sound, the transmission that utilizes light etc., the transmission of alarm sound for example, the transmission of literal, the transmission of figure, the transmission that utilizes emergency warning lamp to carry out are more particularly arranged.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " maintenance annunciator " is meant that report is necessary the fluid supply apparatus that comprises in the fuel cell generation is maintained the device of usefulness.Specifically, the buzzer of the sound that for example gives a warning and loud speaker, the electric light of lamp and the display of light-emitting diode, display text and figure etc. are by way of caution arranged.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " output order value " is meant what the convection cell feedway provided, the command value that the control flow is used.Here, the control method of flow is no matter be FEEDBACK CONTROL or feedfoward control.Again, the output order value for example specifically has flow, the ratio (% etc.) with respect to the required flow of maximum, voltage, electric current, frequency (rotating speed), with respect to the ratio (% etc.) of peak frequency (rotating speed), the aperture of flow rate regulating valve etc., but so long as can be used in the value of adjusting flow, what can.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " possible range ", be meant under the situation of fluid supply apparatus generation deterioration, the state that exists in this deterioration does not have dysgenic scope to this fluid supply apparatus and other structure divisions, or overall efficient of fuel cell generation and fail safe etc. are not had dysgenic scope.The temperature range etc. in specific place that scope, the fuel cell generation of the flow, pressure etc. of scope, each fluid of the output of power for example specifically, are arranged.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " status storage " is meant the device of the parameter of the state that is used for the storage representation fluid supply apparatus.Specifically, for example flash memory, nonvolatile memory, hard disk etc. are arranged.Here, time of state, place etc. are kept aloof from.That is to say that place, states such as period and factory, shop, delivery ground are that the average of batch (ロ ッ ト) or the material object (showing product) that is installed on this fuel cell generation are all paid no attention to when dispatching from the factory for factory, when new product is replaced, during deterioration etc.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " communicator ", be meant the manager to the ground far away that can not report with the maintenance annunciator, the fluid supply apparatus that is comprised in the report fuel cell generation is necessary to maintain the device of usefulness, comprises transceiver.Specifically, comprise with for example telephone line, LAN circuit, the Internet wire, radiolink etc. as the transceiver of communication line and terminal installation etc.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " when moving for the first time ", be meant fuel cell generation finish after or maintenance finish the back when the state operation of deterioration not taking place with the deterioration judging object.When just not necessarily being limited to the operation that maintenance just finished, so long as fuel cell generation is finished after or maintenance finish after the deterioration judging object do not take place deterioration during the operation carried out get final product.Again, not necessarily be limited to the operation of carrying out after the situation that makes the electricity generation system overall operation and the maintenance, in having only operation of deterioration judging object and maintenance, also comprise the operation of the situation of confirming the recovery of fluid supply capacity etc.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " maximum power output ", be meant in the design of fuel cell generation, can be economical and the design that moves safely on maximum power output.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " the 1st deterioration " is meant that being necessary of taking place consider that economy and fail safe reduce the deterioration of the degree of output in specific fluid means.
Again, the what is called of putting down in writing in claims and the specification " the 2nd deterioration " is meant and takes place in the specific fluid supply apparatus, owing to can not keep from considering the running status that needs with safety economically, is necessary to make the deterioration of the degree that operation stops.
According to top described, the technical staff of the industry can know understanding multiple improvement of the present invention and other examples.Thereby above-mentioned explanation is merely able to be interpreted as illustration.For teaching, the technical staff to the industry realizes that best example this purpose of the present invention provides.Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, can substantially change the details of its structure and/or function.
Industrial applicability
Fuel cell generation of the present invention is in the situation of fluid supply apparatus generation deterioration, on one side can prevent underfed Continue operation on one side, satisfying in the situation of defined terms on the other hand, operation is stopped. As such fuel Battery generating system is useful.

Claims (15)

1. a fuel cell generation is characterized in that,
Possess: fuel cell, provide at least one in the one or more fluid supply apparatus of the fluid relevant with described fuel cell power generation, be the flow detector used of the flow detection of the fluid that provides of deterioration judging object, described deterioration judging object, the operating control device of the operation of the volume control device of the flow of fluid that the described deterioration judging object of control provides and control fuel cell generation
Described operating control device reduces the power output of fuel cell when described volume control device provides the flow of the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides under the situation of output order value of regulation to be in the 1st deterioration scope to described deterioration judging object, and operation is stopped.
2. fuel cell generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the output order value of described regulation is that the actual output order value that provides of described fluid control device is provided, the detected value of the detected flow of described flow detector the when flow of the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides provides described output order value.
3. fuel cell generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the flow of the fluid that described deterioration judging object provides under the situation of the output order value that described regulation is provided, be according to the actual output order value that provides of described fluid control device, described flow detector detects the detected value of the flow that obtains, the predicted value of prediction when the described actual output order value that provides is provided.
4. fuel cell generation according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the output order value of described regulation is and the corresponding output order value of maximum power output.
5. fuel cell generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described flow detector has the pressure-detecting device of the pressure that detects the described fluid that described deterioration judging object provides, according to the flow of the described fluid of described detected calculation of pressure.
6. fuel cell generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described deterioration judging to as if described fuel cell provided the oxidant feedway of oxidant gas and described fuel cell provided either party at least in the fuel supply system of fuel.
7. fuel cell generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, possess the fuel treating equipment that generates fuel from water and raw material, described deterioration judging to as if to described fuel treating equipment the water feeder of water is provided and raw material feed device that described fuel treating equipment is supplied raw materials in either party at least.
8. according to claim 1 or 4 described fuel cell generations, it is characterized in that, when described operating control device judges that as described flow is in described the 1st deterioration scope, limit operation, so that the output of the power of fuel cell is below the higher limit of the power output of the described fuel cell corresponding with described judgement flow.
9. fuel cell generation according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described the 1st deterioration scope is if proceed described restriction operation then favourable economically scope, and described the 2nd deterioration scope is if proceed described restriction operation then disadvantageous economically scope.
10. fuel cell generation according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described the 2nd deterioration scope is the scope that the higher limit of the power output of the described fuel cell corresponding with described judgement flow is lower than the power output of regulation.
11. fuel cell generation according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the efficient that described the 2nd deterioration scope is described fuel cell is lower than the scope of the efficient of regulation.
12. fuel cell generation according to claim 9 is characterized in that,
The cost calculation device of the service cost of the one at least of the service cost of the one at least that possesses the storage device of expense system of storage described electric power and/or raw material and the electric power that takes place according to the expense system computing fuel cell generation of predetermined electric power and raw material and pine for and electric power that alternative means takes place and heat
The service cost that described the 2nd deterioration scope is described alternative means is lower than the scope of the service cost of fuel cell generation.
13. fuel cell generation according to claim 12 is characterized in that,
Possess the communicator that the communication of utilizing obtains the existing expense system of described electric power and/or raw material,
The expense system of utilizing described communicator to obtain is upgraded the expense system of described memory device stores.
14. fuel cell generation according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Possess the running time of accumulative total fuel cell generation integrating device running time, show the display unit of the information of fuel cell generation, the detected value that obtains according to the output order value of described volume control device, described flow detector and the running time that described running time, integrating device obtained, predict that described detected value reaches the time prediction device of the time till the 1st and/or the 2nd deterioration scope
Described display unit shows the time of described time prediction device prediction.
15. fuel cell generation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, possess the maintenance annunciator, described maintenance annunciator detected value as described drops on the described deterioration judging object of report under the situation in the 1st deterioration scope and is necessary the situation of maintaining.
CNA2005800042427A 2004-08-06 2005-08-04 Fuel cell generating system Pending CN1918734A (en)

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