CN1917758A - 钝化乳液 - Google Patents

钝化乳液 Download PDF

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CN1917758A
CN1917758A CNA2005800048438A CN200580004843A CN1917758A CN 1917758 A CN1917758 A CN 1917758A CN A2005800048438 A CNA2005800048438 A CN A2005800048438A CN 200580004843 A CN200580004843 A CN 200580004843A CN 1917758 A CN1917758 A CN 1917758A
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passivator
oil
emulsion
anaphylactogen
passivation
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塞布丽娜·希金斯
约翰·休斯
马尔科姆·汤姆·麦基奇尼
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University of Southampton
Reckitt Benckiser UK Ltd
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Reckitt Benckiser UK Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种钝化过敏原的方法,该方法包括将过敏原钝化剂分散到空间中,所述钝化剂以含有至少8重量%钝化剂的水包油乳液的形式提供。优选所述钝化剂作为蒸汽而分散到空间中。优选所述分散是借助于对所述乳液加热而进行的。

Description

钝化乳液
技术领域
本发明涉及钝化尘螨过敏原的方法。
背景技术
已经知道有不同的过敏原可以触发人体反应。例如,很早就知道室内灰尘可以触发人体的过敏原反应,例如哮喘和鼻炎。据报道,早在1928年就已经知道灰尘中的尘螨是过敏原反应的主要来源,但是只有到20世纪60年代,研究人员才认识到它的重要性。
室内尘螨产生了可以引起许多人产生过敏原反应的碎屑状物质。主要的过敏原被认为是来自螨种美洲家刺皮螨(Dermatophogoides farinae)和欧洲家刺皮螨(Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)的碎屑状物质(所述过敏原分别称为Der f1和Der p1)。所述碎屑状物质包括所述螨的排泄物以及身体部分残留物。在Experimental and Applied Acarology(10(1991),第167-186页))中提供有综述。
其它有争议的过敏原包括蟑螂过敏原(特别是Bla g1蟑螂过敏原)和猫过敏原(Fel d1)。在猫过敏原的情况中,猫的皮毛/毛皮和/或它的唾液沉积物在引起过敏原反应中似乎是重要的。
WO99/15208描述了钝化来自尘螨种欧洲家刺皮螨和美洲家刺皮螨的过敏原的方法,该方法包括将所述过敏原与所述的28种钝化剂之一接触。这些钝化剂可以通过气溶胶喷雾而释放到空间中。
WO01/76371进一步描述了用于室内尘螨过敏原的钝化剂。这些钝化剂可以使用包括利用热来蒸发油、超音速喷射式雾化器、离子风或者混有钝化剂的蜡烛在内的各种方法而释放到空间中。在油的情况中,可以以油本身的形式使用或者使油浮到水上使用或者以水包油乳液的形式使用,所述乳液通常含有至多为5重量%的油。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面提供了钝化过敏原的方法,该方法包括将过敏原钝化量的过敏原钝化化合物(下文称“钝化剂”)分散到空间中,所述钝化剂以水包油乳液的形式提供,并且作为蒸汽分散在空间中,所述水包油乳液包含至少8%(钝化剂重量/乳液重量)的钝化剂。
优选所述乳液包含至少9%,最优选至少10%的钝化剂。
优选本发明方法所使用的钝化剂以水包油乳液的形式提供,所述乳液包含至多25%,优选至多20%,更优选至多18%,最优选至多15%的钝化剂。
本发明方法所使用的特别优选的水包油乳液包含12%的钝化剂。
当存在的钝化剂多于一种时,在上述定义中所给出的百分比表示钝化剂的总含量。
在本说明中,除非另有说明,否则为一种组分所给出的百分比值都是指以乳液总重量的百分比表示的该组分的重量。
在本说明中,使用名词钝化剂和动词钝化表示通过使用本发明的方法,使某一场所的一些或者全部过敏原源不能在人体内引起过敏原反应。最终结果是降低了该过敏原源的过敏原性,或者完全消除了过敏原源的过敏原性。
优选所述钝化剂选自:
萜烯烃;
柑橘油;
薄荷油;
玫瑰木油;
茉莉油;
乳香;
香柠檬油;和
柠檬草油。
优选的萜烯烃包括茶树油、蒎脑和β-蒎烯。
特别优选的钝化剂是柑橘油,最优选是橙油。
另一种特别优选的钝化剂是β-蒎烯。
钝化剂可以适当地为单一的化合物。或者,可以一起使用多种钝化剂的混合物。
钝化剂可以是多种化合物的混合物的一部分,而该混合物的所有化合物并非都是钝化剂。例如,柑橘油是多种化合物的混合物,但并非柑橘油的所有化合物都起到钝化剂的作用。
钝化剂可以在延长的时期,例如至少30分钟,优选至少1个小时内适当地分散到空间中。
钝化剂可以在两个时机中适当地分散到空间中,所述时机被没有钝化剂分散的时期所分隔。钝化剂可以在一个或者更多个时机分散到空间中,接着是一个或者几个没有钝化剂分散的相应时期。优选每个这样的分散时机包括如上所述在延长的时期内进行的钝化剂分散。优选所述没有钝化剂分散的时期或者每一个没有钝化剂分散的时期是延长的时期,例如至少2个小时,优选至少4个小时,最优选至少8个小时。
我们发现所述方法使过敏原污染的无生命底材实现了过敏原低负载量时间的延长。如所述那样将钝化剂分散到空间中可以导致无生命试验源中过敏原的种群持久性地减少。对于无生命试验源,我们的意思是指本身是无生命的试验源(例如该试验源不是活的动物的皮肤或皮毛/毛皮),并且该试验源不含有活的有机体,例如尘螨。尘螨种群可以导致难于解释的任何结果。
我们发现在这种来源中的过敏原含量的减少是长期的,例如至少7天,通常至少14天,合适时至少28天。事实上,在我们已经进行的为期28天的试验中,我们发现,即使钝化剂是在数天之前或者数周之前使用,过敏原的含量也会随着时间的推移而继续下降。该结果表明,过敏原性物质确实已经变性或者降解到这样的程度:首先,它们不能重新形成,其次,它们的降解产物本身不具有过敏原性。这进一步表明,钝化剂的作用不仅仅是一种遮蔽效应或者衰减效应。任何的所述效应都可能会随着时间的推移而无效。
乳液的形成在本领域中通常是公知的,并且例如描述在ModernAspects of Emulsion Science(Bernard P.Binks编,The Royal Society ofChemistry,1998年)和Surfactant Science and Technology(第2版,DrewMyers,1992年,VCH Publishers,Inc)中。非离子表面活性剂可能特别适合。可以使用有产权的表面活性剂包(Proprietary surfactant pack,例如E-Z-MULSE(商标),来自美国Florida Chemical Company的非离子表面活性剂包)来形成乳液。
所述钝化剂优选作为蒸汽而被分散到空间中。
优选所述钝化剂是借助于对所述乳液加热而进行分散的。
热源优选位于乳液源的下方。热源可以例如为燃油器、蜡烛或者电热源,例如热板。优选所述热源为热板,该热板优选具有至少100℃的温度。
使用热板可以控制用以蒸发所述钝化剂的热量,而这在现有方法中是无法实现的。
本发明人的工作表明,虽然使用低于100℃的热板可以获得一些过敏原钝化活性,但是使用更高的温度,即使每种情况下分散钝化剂的量相同,也可以使过敏原钝化活性提高到相当高的惊人水平。
优选所述热板具有电热源。
所述容器和热板优选面对面接触。优选所述热板具有平面而所述容器具有平底,并且所述容器位于热板之上。优选所述容器上部具有开口。优选它具有完全开口的上表面。因此,优选所述容器具有平底、由该平底向上延伸(depending)的一个侧面(如果是圆柱状的话)或者多个侧面,并且没有另外的侧面。
优选所述热板的温度至少为130℃。
优选所述热板的温度至多为300℃,优选至多为250℃。
本发明涉及将过敏原钝化剂分散到空间中。空气传播的过敏原可能会被钝化,但是据信存在于空间中的表面上的过敏原可以有效地被钝化。
本发明的另一个方面提供水包油乳液在某一场所钝化过敏原中的用途,所述乳液包含在10%~15%的过敏原钝化剂,使用热源来促进所述钝化剂蒸发。
本发明的又一个方面提供钝化过敏原的水包油乳液,该乳液包含至少8%的挥发性钝化剂,其中所述钝化剂选自:
萜烯烃;
柑橘油;
薄荷油;
玫瑰木油;
茉莉油;
乳香;
香柠檬油;和
柠檬草油。
优选本发明方法或用途中所钝化的过敏原是引起人类过敏原反应的物质。例如所述过敏原可以是来自室内尘螨或宠物的过敏原。最优选本发明方法或用途能够部分地或完全地钝化来自螨种美洲家刺皮螨(称作Der f1)的过敏原或特别是来自螨种欧洲家刺皮螨(称作Der p1)的过敏原。也可以钝化猫过敏原(Fel d1)和蟑螂过敏原(Bla g1)。
将通过参考以下实施例对本发明进行进一步的描述。
具体实施方式
实施例
实验方案
在使用室内灰尘进行过敏原变性试验时,一个固有的困难是:即便是取自于相同的灰尘贮存器,每份小样品中的过敏原数量也是不一样的。为了确定任意过敏原的变性程度,必须对预处理样品中的灰尘数量进行精确的估计。在这些试验中,将灰尘样品涂布到试验暴露表面,然后取所述表面的一半灰尘来测量该特定样品的对照预处理的过敏原水平。每个对照与每个样品直接相关,这可以在暴露于可能的变性剂之前实现样品中过敏原水平的最佳估算。所有试验采用玻璃加固的塑料小间,其尺寸为0.7m×0.7m×1.0m。取其平均值。
以下实施例全都测量了来自室内尘螨欧洲家刺皮螨的过敏原Der p1的减少量。
将室内灰尘通过多个筛子,并收集小于53μm的组分。将0.025g灰尘置于小筛中,使其均匀地散布在试验表面上。该试验表面是PTFE(聚四氟乙烯—商标为TEFLON(特氟隆))涂覆的金属盘,其尺寸为30cm×30cm。在轻拍筛子的同时通过在所述表面上连续移动筛子而将灰尘施加到盘子上。然后通过管路过滤器(in-line filter)的吸取,将一半灰尘取下并记录重量,这就是预处理对照。
然后将盘子放在小间内。将3个烛杯(tea light holder)一起置于设到250℃的电热板上,每个烛杯装有6ml水和0.8ml橙油,所述烛杯为向上开口的圆柱状容器(直径40mm,高15mm),是为装夜光蜡烛而制备的。实际上我们发现,这意味着所述热板的温度在130℃和250℃之间循环。将所述小间密封。按以下具体时间输送热量,然后让热板冷却。24个小时后,拿走盘子,从盘子上收集灰尘并记录重量。在各试验之间用强去污剂洗涤小间。
进行相同的试验,其区别仅在于它们的试验液体。这些试验液体为:
5%浮在水上的橙油(蒸发29分钟)—比较
12%浮在水上的橙油(蒸发30分钟)—比较
20%浮在水上的橙油(蒸发20分钟)—比较
50%浮在水上的橙油(蒸发20分钟)—比较
12%经E-Z-MULSE乳化的橙油/水—本发明(105分钟后停止加热;没有蒸发至干燥。据信这是因为余留有来自E-Z-MULSE组成中的非挥发性表面活性剂的缘故)。
采用ELISA(酶联免疫吸附测定)分析试验样品的Der p1过敏原,以确定过敏原的含量。然后将这与每个样品中已存在的灰尘重量建立关系。所有的样品均按比例放大以比较0.1g灰尘样品中存在的预期过敏原量。然后获得对照样品和暴露样品之间的百分比差值。
Der p1过敏原的减少量如下:
5%的水上橙油(orange oil-on-water)—11.9%
12%的水上橙油—75.4%
20%的水上橙油—67.0%
50%的水上橙油—68.1%
12%橙油乳液—91.0%
乳液的表面活性剂内含物的非挥发性表明,活性提高的原因是乳液形式的橙油,而不是表面活性剂内含物本身。
已经发现,过敏原的含量随着时间的推移不会有实质性的恢复。
统计分析表明,12%乳液相对于12%的水上油试验液体的活性增量是一个显著性结果。

Claims (10)

1.一种钝化过敏原的方法,该方法包括将过敏原钝化量的过敏原钝化化合物分散到空间中,所述过敏原钝化化合物在下文中被称为“钝化剂”,该钝化剂以水包油乳液的形式提供,并作为蒸汽分散到空间中,所述乳液包含至少8%的钝化剂,该百分比为钝化剂与乳液的重量百分比。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钝化剂在延长的时期内分散到空间中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述分散是借助于对所述乳液加热而进行的。
4.如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法,其中所述钝化剂选自:
萜烯烃;
柑橘油;
薄荷油;
玫瑰木油;
茉莉油;
乳香;
香柠檬油;
柠檬草油;
或者它们的组分。
5.如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法,其中所述钝化剂包含萜烯烃。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法,其中所述钝化剂包含β-蒎烯。
7.如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法,其中所述钝化剂包含橙油或者其组分。
8.水包油乳液在场所中钝化过敏原中的用途,所述乳液包含以乳液重量计,浓度为10重量%~15重量%的过敏原钝化剂,使用热源来促进所述钝化剂的蒸发。
9.一种钝化过敏原的水包油乳液,该乳液包含至少8%的挥发性钝化剂,该百分比为钝化剂与乳液的重量百分比,其中所述钝化剂选自:
萜烯烃;
柑橘油;
薄荷油;
玫瑰木油;
茉莉油;
乳香;
香柠檬油;
柠檬草油;
或者它们的组分。
10.具体参考所附实施例而基本上如上文所述的方法。
CNA2005800048438A 2004-02-13 2005-02-14 钝化乳液 Pending CN1917758A (zh)

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