CN1908559A - 含空气煤层气液化分离工艺及设备 - Google Patents
含空气煤层气液化分离工艺及设备 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1908559A CN1908559A CNA2006101034250A CN200610103425A CN1908559A CN 1908559 A CN1908559 A CN 1908559A CN A2006101034250 A CNA2006101034250 A CN A2006101034250A CN 200610103425 A CN200610103425 A CN 200610103425A CN 1908559 A CN1908559 A CN 1908559A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- air
- fractionating column
- coal bed
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
- F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/40—Features relating to the provision of boil-up in the bottom of a column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/88—Quasi-closed internal refrigeration or heat pump cycle, if not otherwise provided
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2006101034250A CN100404988C (zh) | 2006-07-03 | 2006-07-20 | 含空气煤层气液化分离工艺及设备 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200610090921 | 2006-07-03 | ||
CN200610090921.7 | 2006-07-03 | ||
CNB2006101034250A CN100404988C (zh) | 2006-07-03 | 2006-07-20 | 含空气煤层气液化分离工艺及设备 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1908559A true CN1908559A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
CN100404988C CN100404988C (zh) | 2008-07-23 |
Family
ID=37699736
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2006101034250A Active CN100404988C (zh) | 2006-07-03 | 2006-07-20 | 含空气煤层气液化分离工艺及设备 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN100404988C (zh) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2917489A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-19 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un debit riche en methane |
CN101818984A (zh) * | 2010-04-21 | 2010-09-01 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种含空气煤层气的全液化分离工艺 |
CN101922849A (zh) * | 2010-09-07 | 2010-12-22 | 上海交通大学 | 含氧煤层气的液化精馏方法 |
US20110239701A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2011-10-06 | Sander Kaart | Method of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor |
CN101445755B (zh) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-11-28 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 | 一种煤层气提纯液化方法 |
CN103256786A (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-08-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院 | 抑燃抑爆型低浓度煤层气深冷液化装置 |
CN103277978A (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-09-04 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 提取低浓度含氧煤层气中甲烷的装置 |
CN105135820A (zh) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-09 | 北京中科瑞奥能源科技股份有限公司 | 利用含空气瓦斯制取lng的方法以及系统 |
CN105349195A (zh) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-24 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种含氧煤层气脱氧、脱氮的液化工艺 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101476485B (zh) * | 2009-02-09 | 2011-01-26 | 宁波鲍斯压缩机有限公司 | 大型煤层气回收成套装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4475347A (en) * | 1982-09-16 | 1984-10-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for separating carbon dioxide and sulfur-containing gases from a synthetic fuel production process off-gas |
CN100478317C (zh) * | 2004-07-09 | 2009-04-15 | 西南化工研究设计院 | 煤层气低温分离提浓甲烷工艺 |
US7563307B2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2009-07-21 | Advanced Extraction Technologies, Inc. | Combined use of external and internal solvents in processing gases containing light, medium and heavy components |
CN200952872Y (zh) * | 2006-07-03 | 2007-09-26 | 北京科瑞赛斯气体液化技术有限公司 | 含空气煤层气液化分离设备 |
-
2006
- 2006-07-20 CN CNB2006101034250A patent/CN100404988C/zh active Active
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009004207A3 (fr) * | 2007-06-14 | 2013-07-18 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un debit riche en methane |
WO2009004207A2 (fr) * | 2007-06-14 | 2009-01-08 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un debit riche en methane |
FR2917489A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-19 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un debit riche en methane |
US8997519B2 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2015-04-07 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method and device for the cryogenic separation of a methane-rich flow |
CN102099648A (zh) * | 2007-06-14 | 2011-06-15 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | 用于富甲烷流的低温分离的方法和设备 |
US20110239701A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2011-10-06 | Sander Kaart | Method of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor |
WO2010060735A3 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2012-08-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor |
CN101445755B (zh) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-11-28 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 | 一种煤层气提纯液化方法 |
CN101818984A (zh) * | 2010-04-21 | 2010-09-01 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种含空气煤层气的全液化分离工艺 |
CN101922849A (zh) * | 2010-09-07 | 2010-12-22 | 上海交通大学 | 含氧煤层气的液化精馏方法 |
CN103277978A (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-09-04 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 提取低浓度含氧煤层气中甲烷的装置 |
CN103256786A (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-08-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院 | 抑燃抑爆型低浓度煤层气深冷液化装置 |
CN103277978B (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2015-07-15 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 提取低浓度含氧煤层气中甲烷的装置 |
CN103256786B (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2015-09-09 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | 抑燃抑爆型低浓度煤层气深冷液化装置 |
CN105349195A (zh) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-24 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种含氧煤层气脱氧、脱氮的液化工艺 |
CN105349195B (zh) * | 2014-08-19 | 2017-10-03 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种含氧煤层气脱氧、脱氮的液化工艺 |
CN105135820A (zh) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-09 | 北京中科瑞奥能源科技股份有限公司 | 利用含空气瓦斯制取lng的方法以及系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100404988C (zh) | 2008-07-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN100404988C (zh) | 含空气煤层气液化分离工艺及设备 | |
CN201199120Y (zh) | 一种空气回热式的矿井瓦斯气的分离液化设备 | |
CN108452632B (zh) | 一种利用空气深冷的VOCs回收系统 | |
CN1104619C (zh) | 液化和处理天然气的方法 | |
CN101040674A (zh) | 一种食品级液体二氧化碳产品的生产方法 | |
CN1813046A (zh) | 同时生产可液化天然气和天然气液体的馏分的方法和装置 | |
CN103523751B (zh) | 一种深冷分离提纯一氧化碳和氢气的装置及方法 | |
CN200952872Y (zh) | 含空气煤层气液化分离设备 | |
CN115069057B (zh) | 一种低温精馏提纯回收二氧化碳的方法 | |
CN102498058B (zh) | 利用深冷净化制取氨补充合成气 | |
CN105716370A (zh) | 一种从合成气制取富氢气和一氧化碳的系统及方法 | |
CN103123203A (zh) | 利用含氮废气进行再低温精馏制取纯氮的方法 | |
CN108870868B (zh) | 一种撬装移动式二氧化碳驱油产出气回收系统 | |
CN1952569A (zh) | 含空气煤层气液化工艺及设备 | |
CN2898737Y (zh) | 含空气煤层气的液化设备 | |
CN1384177A (zh) | 处理合成气和相关气体的方法和装置 | |
CN115790076B (zh) | 一种回收烟道气中二氧化碳和氮气的装置及方法 | |
CN102634395A (zh) | 煤层气净化精制工艺及系统 | |
CN101493277B (zh) | 矿井瓦斯气的低温分离方法及设备 | |
CN217661593U (zh) | 低温精馏提纯回收二氧化碳装置 | |
CN1221102A (zh) | 超高纯度氮气和氧化发生器装置 | |
CN200979332Y (zh) | 含空气煤层气液化分离设备 | |
CN106440661A (zh) | 一种制备高纯度液体二氧化碳的节能型装置和方法 | |
CN1188375C (zh) | 用于乙烯生产中脱甲烷的方法 | |
CN116123818A (zh) | 一种利用lng冷能制备食品级/电子级二氧化碳的提纯系统及方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNOLOGY INST., CHINESE ACAD Free format text: FORMER OWNER: BEIJING KERUI SAISI GAS LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20080104 |
|
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20080104 Address after: Postal code 2, North Zhongguancun, Beijing, Haidian District: 100080 Applicant after: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS Address before: Room 1, building two, building 3, North 201, Beijing, Haidian District, Zhongguancun, China: 100080 Applicant before: Beijing Kerui Saisi gas liquefaction Technology Co., Ltd. |
|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20190313 Address after: 100094 Beijing Haidian District Fenghui Middle Road No. 7 New Material Pioneering Building 2 Floor 202 Patentee after: In Keruiao energy Polytron Technologies Inc Address before: 100080 Beijing Haidian District Zhongguancun North No. 2 Patentee before: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS |