CN1903899A - MAA/AN copolymer foamed plastic and its preparation method - Google Patents
MAA/AN copolymer foamed plastic and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of MAA/AN copolymer foamed plastics. It is made up by using monomer (methyl acrylic acid MAA), monomer (acrylonitrile AN), initiator, cross-linking agent, foaming agent, nucleating agent, density-controlling agent and molecular weight regulating agent through a certain preparation process. Besides, Said invention also provides the concrete steps of its preparation process.
Description
(1) technical field under
The present invention relates to a kind of high-performance copolymer foam plastic, especially relate to a kind of porous plastics of making by methacrylic acid (MAA) and vinyl cyanide (AN) multipolymer.
(2) background technology
In the structure design of polymer matrix composites, the sandwich structure matrix material is a kind of typical lightweight, high-strength, high-modulus structural design scheme, it combines the high strength of panel (aluminium alloy, glass fibre, carbon fiber, aramid fiber) and the low density and the high rigidity of high-modulus and sandwich, formed lightweight, high-strength and high inflexible structural composite material, in industries such as aircraft, rocket, radar, shipbuilding, communications and transportation, medicine equipment, extremely important using value has been arranged.
Employed sandwich material mainly contains comb core, cork wood and porous plastics in the sandwich structure matrix material.Can mainly contain hard polyaminoester (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitritrile-styrene resin (SAN), polyetherimide (PEI), Polymethacrylimide porous plastics such as (PMI) as the porous plastics kind of sandwich.
In these porous plastics, mechanical property, resistance toheat, the creep-resistant property of Polymethacrylimide (PMI) porous plastics of producing with German Degussa company and Japanese ponding chemical company are the most excellent, also are best by its prepared sandwich structure composite property.The PMI porous plastics has 100% unicellular structure, exist a large amount of imide rings and intermolecular big reactive force that its thermotolerance, strength and stiffness are provided in the macromole, it is the highest heat-resisting porous plastics of present strength and stiffness (180～240 ℃), have high creep-resistant property under its high temperature and make this porous plastics to be suitable for to need high temperature, high pressure solidified resin and prepreg, the co-curing technology that can bear 190 ℃ is to the requirement of foam size stability.And have good cohesiveness between the resin and make the interface binding intensity height, thereby the core material that is suitable as in the high-performance sandwich structure uses, and can replace honeycomb structure, and isotropy, become different shape complex cross-sectional shape through mechanical workout easily, and do not contain any freonll-11, belong to ep-type material, fire resistance reaches related standards such as FAR 25.853 and AITM, the recent development field of representative's high-performance polymer structural foam.
United States Patent (USP) 5928459 has reported that a kind of is the preparation method of monomeric PMI porous plastics with methacrylic acid and methyl propionitrile, this invention is a main monomer with the methacrylonitrile of 40-60wt% and the methacrylic acid of 60-40wt%, the 3rd monomer that adds 0-20wt%, the mixed foaming agent that the methane amide of adding 0.5-8wt% and the unitary fatty alcohol of 3-8 carbon atom are formed, the unsaturated ethylene based mixtures that adds 0.005-5wt% is a linking agent, aggregates into multipolymer under at least a action of evocating.Foam in 200-260 ℃ of temperature range then, 100-130 ℃ of following thermal treatment 2-6h is again at the 180-220 ℃ of hot down 32-64h of place.Finally prepare and to stand 200 ℃, the PMI porous plastics of 0.2-0.7MPa condition moulding sandwich structure matrix material.But the cost control of this porous plastics is not very good.
(3) summary of the invention
In order to overcome the higher defective of above-mentioned PMI porous plastics prior art cost, the invention provides a kind of MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic, can control raw materials cost effectively, and better improve the resistance toheat of porous plastics.
MAA/AN porous plastics of the present invention is made up of monomer, initiator, linking agent, whipping agent, nucleator, density-controlling agent and molecular weight regulator, and its recipe ingredient is by weight than counting:
Monomer (methacrylic acid MAA) 42～62
Monomer (vinyl cyanide AN) 58～38
Initiator 0.18～0.40
Linking agent 1.3～3.5
Whipping agent 2.0～8.0
Nucleator 0.3～1.3
Density-controlling agent 0.02～0.35
Molecular weight regulator 0.01～0.1
The preparation method of above-mentioned MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic comprises the steps:
(1) monomer, initiator, linking agent, whipping agent, nucleator, density-controlling agent and molecular weight regulator are pressed batching, uniform mixing forms stock liquid;
(2) stock liquid is poured in the mould of being made by two dull and stereotyped unorganic glasses and natural rubber or EPT rubber packing circle, the glass mold outside is stepped up by anchor clamps;
(3) filling being had the glass mold of stock liquid put into strong circulator bath device carries out polymerization and forms transparent foamed MAA/AN copolymerization sheet, polymerizing condition: 40～60 ℃ of water temperatures, time 24～72h;
(4) the foamed MAA/AN copolymerization sheet that (3) step was obtained carries out free foaming in 180～200 ℃ strong recirculated hot air, prepares the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic;
(5) the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic that (4) step was obtained is heat-treated 6～12h in 140～180 ℃ warm air, with further raising cyclisation rate.
Preparation method's principle of above-mentioned MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic is: with monomer methacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide and initiator, whipping agent, linking agent, density-controlling agent is basic raw material, first synthesize methyl acrylic acid-acrylonitrile copolymer under the Undec prerequisite of whipping agent; Elevated temperature makes whipping agent decompose produce gas and foaming then, makes simultaneously that carboxyl forms the six-membered cyclic imide with itrile group by molecular rearrangement reaction in the multipolymer, prepares the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic.
As a preferred version of the present invention, described initiator adopts Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate AIBN.
As another preferred version of the present invention, described linking agent adopts acrylamide AM or Methacrylamide MAM.
As the 3rd preferred version of the present invention, described whipping agent adopts methane amide or propylene glycol or amylalcohol or hexanol.
As the 4th preferred version of the present invention, described nucleator adopts urea.
As the 5th preferred version of the present invention, described density-controlling agent adopts bismaleimides BMI.
As the 6th preferred version of the present invention, described molecular weight regulator adopts n-dodecyl mercaptan or Monoethanolamine MEA BASF or quadrol or Virahol.
The MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic that the present invention relates to is compared with other porous plastics, has the following advantages:
1. adopt vinyl cyanide replace expensive methacrylonitrile (domestic AN price only for MAN 6%), the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic is descended significantly than the cost of PMI porous plastics, the material cost of MAA/AN porous plastics has only the 7-10% of PMI porous plastics sale price, and economic benefit is very remarkable.
2. be linking agent acrylamide or Methacrylamide by adding the 3rd monomer, make and fail to carry out the carboxyl of cyclisation and anhydride group and amido reaction and produce intermolecular cross-linking (being shown below) with vinyl cyanide, improve the reactive force of molecular chain, guaranteed the high-performance of MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic.
3. by adding the whipping agent methane amide, not only can play the effect of pneumatogen, and the NH that generates after the amido on its molecule and its decomposition
3Can increase cyclisation rate and intermolecular reactive force with polymer reaction, be shown below.
4. in the porous plastics last handling process, the reaction of part A N chain link generation-CN cyclic condensation forms trapezoidal segment, makes the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic have higher resistance toheat (as follows).
5. use urea as nucleator, help forming evenly tiny foam structure, and can improve cyclisation rate and Intermolecular Forces.
6. use bismaleimides as density-controlling agent, not only can control the different density of MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic, and help improving intermolecular reactive force.
7. the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of preparing, its main mechanical property is above domestic existing other rigid foams and external high-performance polyethers imide (PEI), cross-linked polrvinyl chloride (XPVC) porous plastics under the equal densities, and approaching also part is above different poly-first acrylimide (PMI) porous plastics of external best performance.
The salient features of MAA/AN porous plastics is as shown in table 1, and MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic and PEI, XPVC porous plastics mechanical property contrast as shown in table 2.
Table 1MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic mechanical property, resistance toheat
| Performance | Density (g/cm 3) | Testing standard | ||||
| 0.032 | 0.043 | 0.052 | 0.063 | 0.075 | ||
| Flexural strength MPa compressive strength MPa tensile strength MPa shearing resistance MPa Young's modulus MPa heat-drawn wire ℃ | 0.7 0.35 0.7 0.4 21 210 | 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.6 36 210 | 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.8 47 215 | 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.1 65 240 | 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.3 78 240 | ASTM：D790-99 ASTM：D1621-00 ASTM：D638-99 ASTM：C273-00 ASTM：D638-99 DIN：3424 |
Table 2MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic and PEI, the contrast of XPVC porous plastics mechanical property
| Performance | The MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic | Airex R82PEI porous plastics | HEREX C70XPVC porous plastics |
| Density g/cm3 tensile strength MPa compressive strength MPa shearing resistance MPa Young's modulus MPa | 0.060 1.7 1.1 1.0 58 | 0.060 1.7 0.7 0.8 45 | 0.060 1.3 0.9 0.8 45 |
(4) description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is preparation flow figure of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is optical microscopy maps of the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic microtexture for preparing of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is bismaleimides figure that influence to MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic density.
(5) embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and embodiment, further specify the present invention.Table 3 is depicted as embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, the embodiment 4 of preparation MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic.
The embodiment of the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of table 3 preparation
| Material name | Chemical name | Each raw material consumption (weight part ratio meter) | |||
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | ||
| Monomer 1 monomer 2 initator crosslinking agent crosslinking agent blowing agent blowing agent blowing agent nucleator density-controlling agent molecular weight regulators | Methacrylic acid acrylonitrile azodiisobutyronitrile acrylamide Methacrylamide formamide propane diols amylalcohol urea BMI monoethanolamine | 42 58 0.23 0 0 0 0 8.0 1 0 0 | 42 58 0.40 0 3.1 6.0 0 0 1 0.05 0.10 | 50 50 0.22 2.6 0 0 4.0 0 1.3 0 0 | 62 38 0.18 2.4 0 8.0 0 0 0 0.18 0 |
According to embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 preparation raw material liquid; Stock liquid is poured in the mould of being made by two dull and stereotyped unorganic glasses and rubber seal, and the glass mold outside is stepped up by anchor clamps; Having the glass mold of stock liquid to put into strong circulator bath device filling carries out polymerization and forms transparent foamed MAA/AN copolymerization sheet, polymerizing condition:
55 ℃ of embodiment 1 water temperatures, time 50h;
40 ℃ of embodiment 2 water temperatures, time 72h;
55 ℃ of embodiment 3 water temperatures, time 50h;
60 ℃ of embodiment 4 water temperatures, time 24h;
The foamed MAA/AN copolymerization sheet that the last step was obtained is prepared the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic carrying out free foaming at 180 ℃, embodiment 3 at 200 ℃, embodiment 2 according to embodiment 1 in 185 ℃ and the strong circulation baking oven of embodiment 4 at 185 ℃; The MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic that the last step was obtained according to embodiment 1 in 140 ℃ of baking ovens thermal treatment 4h then in 180 ℃ of baking ovens thermal treatment 6h, embodiment 2 in 140 ℃ of baking ovens thermal treatment 4h then in 180 ℃ of baking ovens thermal treatment 6h, embodiment 3 in 160 ℃ of baking ovens, heat-treat 8h and embodiment 4 heat-treats 8h in 160 ℃ baking oven; Final embodiment 1 resulting porous plastics density is 0.03g/cm
3, embodiment 2 resulting porous plastics density are 0.06g/cm
3, embodiment 3 resulting porous plastics density are 0.05g/cm
3, embodiment 4 resulting porous plastics density are 0.15g/cm
3
Claims (8)
1, a kind of MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic is made up of monomer, initiator, linking agent, whipping agent, nucleator, density-controlling agent and molecular weight regulator, it is characterized in that: described recipe ingredient is by weight than counting:
Monomer (methacrylic acid MAA) 42～62
Monomer (vinyl cyanide AN) 58～38
Initiator 0.18～0.40
Linking agent 1.3～3.5
Whipping agent 2.0～8.0
Nucleator 0.3～1.3
Density-controlling agent 0.02～0.35
Molecular weight regulator 0.01～0.1.
2, according to the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described initiator adopts Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate AIBN.
3, according to the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described linking agent adopts acrylamide AM or Methacrylamide MAM.
4, according to the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described whipping agent adopts methane amide or propylene glycol or amylalcohol or hexanol.
5, according to the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nucleator adopts urea.
6, according to the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described density-controlling agent adopts bismaleimides BMI.
7, according to the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described molecular weight regulator adopts n-dodecyl mercaptan or Monoethanolamine MEA BASF or quadrol or Virahol.
8, a kind of preparation method of MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic is characterized in that preparation process is as follows:
(1) monomer, initiator, linking agent, whipping agent, nucleator, density-controlling agent and molecular weight regulator are pressed batching, uniform mixing forms stock liquid;
(2) stock liquid is poured in the mould of being made by two dull and stereotyped unorganic glasses and natural rubber or EPT rubber packing circle, the glass mold outside is stepped up by anchor clamps;
(3) filling being had the glass mold of stock liquid put into strong circulator bath device carries out polymerization and forms transparent foamed MAA/AN copolymerization sheet, polymerizing condition: 40～60 ℃ of water temperatures, time 24～72h;
(4) the foamed MAA/AN copolymerization sheet that (3) step was obtained carries out free foaming in 180～200 ℃ strong recirculated hot air, prepares the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic;
(5) the MAA/AN copolymer foam plastic that (4) step was obtained is heat-treated 6～12h in 140～180 ℃ warm air.
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