CN102675796A - Preparation method and applications of low-water-absorption polymethacrylimide foamed plastics - Google Patents
Preparation method and applications of low-water-absorption polymethacrylimide foamed plastics Download PDFInfo
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- CN102675796A CN102675796A CN2012101532285A CN201210153228A CN102675796A CN 102675796 A CN102675796 A CN 102675796A CN 2012101532285 A CN2012101532285 A CN 2012101532285A CN 201210153228 A CN201210153228 A CN 201210153228A CN 102675796 A CN102675796 A CN 102675796A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and applications of low-water-absorption polymethacrylimide foamed plastics. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking a methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile and a third monomer as matrixes, adding reactive or adding type water repellent into the matrixes, and simultaneously, adding an initiator, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, a density control agent and a nucleating agent into the matrixes so as to carry out copolymerization on the obtained mixture, thereby obtaining a methacrylic acid/acrylonitrile copolymer plate; and then, carrying out high-temperature foaming and heat treatment on the obtained methacrylic acid/acrylonitrile copolymer plate so as to obtain polymethacrylimide foamed plastics. According to the invention, the mechanical properties of sandwich materials can be improved, and the peel strength can be improved; meanwhile, prepared foams can be used as sandwich materials in the high and new tech fields such as space flight and aviation, high-speed trains, wind power generation, ships and medical care and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide plastic foam.
Background technology
Polymethacrylimide (PMI) porous plastics is the rigid foam of a kind of lightweight, closed pore, and abscess is 100% unicellular structure, has than PVC the specific tenacity that rigid foams such as PUR are higher, specific modulus and creep resistance.Temperature tolerance can reach 240 ℃, is the best rigid structure porous plastics of present thermotolerance.PMI has excellent mechanical property and HS weight ratio; The core material of making the sandwich structure matrix material commonly used; Particularly produce stratified material, laminating material, matrix material or foam complex body, have remarkable advantages in weight design and optimization manufacture view.Polymethacrylimide rigid foam forming process is easy, can adopt common carpenter's machining tool to process, and need not special-purpose machines and tools; Can thermoforming between 165-205 ℃, die Design is simple, and the mould that adopts timber, polyester or epoxy resin to process just can meet the demands; It also can be compatible with thermosetting resin in addition, has good adhesiveproperties with thermosetting adhesive such as ER, unsaturated polyester resin, bimaleimide resin, cyanate ester resin etc.; Anti-benzene, YLENE, single vinylbenzene, paint and tamanori solvent, fuel oil composition and most of chemical solvents corrode.
The PMI foam places air to absorb water as a kind of foam for a long time, after the moisture absorption, and H
2The O molecular diffusion gets into pore texture and in molecular chain, occupies certain space.Chemical reaction does not take place between imide group and the water molecules, but forms secondary or physical bond-Van der Waals force between the water molecules meeting of a part and the imide group.Unreacted holds carboxyl polarity than strong hydrophilicity completely simultaneously, is exposed to the PMI meeting moisture absorption in the air for a long time.After the moisture absorption, molecular chain is widened, and volume increases, and size changes.Water molecules has been widened PMI foam molecular chain, and its effect is the same with the effect that in multipolymer, adds softening agent.Finally, the material deliquescing exerts an influence to the course of processing of PMI, causes dimensional stability to reduce, and each item mechanical property also descends to some extent simultaneously.
The PMI foam sandwich structure that sandwiches, mold temperature is generally more than 100 ℃, and PMI foamy water-absorbent has very big influence to the performance of core filled composite material.Bonding force between PMI foamy water-intake rate conference seriously reduction foam and mucigel or the resin layer; Because under the high-temperature molding condition; Moisture in the foam receives thermal evaporation progressively to move to the foamy top layer; Water vapour forms the space between panel layer and foam, bonding force is descended or do not have bonding force.Thereby the mechanical property that makes sandwich material particularly stripping strength seriously descends.
Summary of the invention
In order to reduce the disadvantageous effect that PMI foamy water-absorbent is brought; The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation method and application thereof of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material; This method prepares the low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material through the adding of different hydrophober; Improve the mechanical property of sandwich material, improve stripping strength.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material; It is characterized in that: this method is a matrix with methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide and the 3rd monomer; Through adding hydrophober; Add initiator, whipping agent, linking agent, density-controlling agent and nucleator copolymerization simultaneously and obtain the copolymerization plate of methylacrylic acid/vinyl cyanide, make polymethacrylimide plastic foam through high temperature foaming and thermal treatment again, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) prescription is pressed following parts by weight: methylacrylic acid 40-60, vinyl cyanide 40-60, the 3rd monomer 5-20, hydrophober 1-20, initiator 0.05-0.6, whipping agent 1-16, linking agent 1-12, density-controlling agent 0.1-3, nucleator 0.3-18;
According to above-mentioned prescription methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, the 3rd monomer, hydrophober are mixed, add initiator, whipping agent, linking agent, density-controlling agent, nucleator, mix and obtain homogeneous solution;
(2) solution that obtains is injected in two parallel glass of good seal, under 30 ℃ of-80 ℃ of bath temperature conditions polyreaction 10-70 hour, form methylacrylic acid/acrylonitrile compolymer plate;
(3) the copolymerization plate was placed under 80 ℃ of-180 ℃ of conditions preheating 2-10 hour, the 10min-200min that under 180 ℃ of-230 ℃ of conditions, foams again obtains polymethacrylimide foam;
(4) with the polymethacrylimide foam that makes under 100 ℃ of-200 ℃ of conditions thermal treatment 1-5 hour, obtain polymethacrylimide foam material.
Hydrophober according to the invention comprises response type hydrophober, like maleic anhydride; Addition type hydrophober, as be in tetrafluoroethylene, organosilicon, two hydroxy silicon oil, the nano layered silicate one or more.Main and the end carboxyl reaction of response type maleic anhydride makes it not to be exposed to the effect of water molecules, and the five-ring of self is exposed to the outside and forms sterically hindered effect.The consumption of hydrophober is 0.8-25wt% based on monomeric weight.
Said the 3rd monomer is acrylic amide or the alkyl-acrylates that contains two keys, like in acrylic amide, USAF RH-1, methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, the Bing Xisuandingzhi one or more.
Said whipping agent is N, N-dimethyl urea, one or more in Virahol or the isopropylcarbinol.
Said linking agent is allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate(AMA), Natural manganese dioxide or or TGM 1.
Said nucleator is methacrylic tert-butyl acrylate, N-NMF or Propenoic acid, 2-methyl, isobutyl ester.Said initiator is one or both in Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, ABVN, Lucidol, the Lucidol tert-butyl ester; Density-controlling agent is a maleimide.
The foam materials that low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material preparation method makes is widely used in space flight and aviation, bullet train, wind-powered electricity generation, boats and ships, the medical device equipment as matrix material foamed sandwich structure spare.
The present invention prepares the low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material through the adding of different hydrophober, improves the mechanical property of sandwich material, improves stripping strength, satisfies request for utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the foam materials water-absorbent that makes of the present invention under 24 ℃, 60% humidity condition graphic representation over time.
Fig. 2 be the foam materials water-absorbent that makes of comparative example under 24 ℃, 60% humidity condition graphic representation over time.
Embodiment
A kind of preparation of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide plastic foam; Fill a prescription by following parts by weight: methylacrylic acid 50, vinyl cyanide 50, the 3rd monomer are that USAF RH-1 8, hydrophober are that maleic anhydride 10 and organosilicon powder 8, initiator are that Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate 0.2 and ABVN 0.15, whipping agent are N, and N-dimethyl urea 10, linking agent are that allyl methacrylate(AMA) 8, density-controlling agent are that maleimide 3, nucleator are n-BMA 8;
Above-mentioned polymethacrylimide foam material preparation method step is following:
(1) with methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, USAF RH-1, maleic anhydride; Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, ABVN, N, N-dimethyl urea, allyl methacrylate(AMA), maleimide, n-BMA mix according to as above filling a prescription.
(2) step (1) gained solution is injected in two parallel glass by the India-rubber strip good seal, polyreaction formed methylacrylic acid/acrylonitrile compolymer plate in 50 hours under 45 ℃ of bath temperature conditions.
(3) with preheating under 100-150 ℃ of condition of copolymerization plate placement 5 hours, the 50min that under 200 ℃ of conditions, foams again obtains polymethacrylimide foam.
(4) with the polymethacrylimide foam that makes thermal treatment 2 hours under 170 ℃ of conditions, obtain polymethacrylimide foam material.
The polymethacrylimide foam material that present embodiment makes is through mechanical workout, and measuring density is 81.5 Kg/m
3, compressive strength MV is 2.0Mpa.
The PMI foam water-absorbent that makes under 24 ℃, 60% humidity condition over time like Fig. 1.
The foam materials that low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material preparation method makes is widely used in space flight and aviation, bullet train, wind-powered electricity generation, boats and ships, the medical device equipment as matrix material foamed sandwich structure spare.
The comparative example
A kind of preparation of polymethacrylimide plastic foam; Do not contain hydrophober; Prescription is pressed following parts by weight: methylacrylic acid 50, vinyl cyanide 50, USAF RH-1 8, Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate 0.2 and ABVN 0.15, N, N-dimethyl urea 10, allyl methacrylate(AMA) 8, maleimide 3, n-BMA 8;
Above-mentioned polymethacrylimide foam material preparation method step is following:
(1) with methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, USAF RH-1, Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, ABVN, N, N-dimethyl urea, allyl methacrylate(AMA), maleimide, n-BMA mix according to as above filling a prescription.
(2) step (1) gained solution is injected in two parallel glass by the India-rubber strip good seal, polyreaction formed methylacrylic acid/acrylonitrile compolymer plate in 50 hours under 45 ℃ of bath temperature conditions.
(3) with preheating under 100-150 ℃ of condition of copolymerization plate placement 5 hours, the 50min that under 200 ℃ of conditions, foams again obtains polymethacrylimide foam.
(4) with the polymethacrylimide foam that makes thermal treatment 2 hours under 170 ℃ of conditions, obtain polymethacrylimide foam material.
The polymethacrylimide foam material that this comparative example makes is through mechanical workout, and mensuration density is 78Kg/m
3, compressive strength MV is 1.8Mpa.
The PMI foam water-absorbent that makes under 24 ℃, 60% humidity condition over time like Fig. 2.
Through embodiment 1 and comparative example's relatively discovery, the adding of hydrophober has obviously reduced the water-absorbent of PMI, has made the polymethacrylimide plastic foam material of low water absorbable.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of another low water absorbable polymethacrylimide plastic foam; Fill a prescription by following parts by weight: methylacrylic acid 40, vinyl cyanide 60, the 3rd monomer are that USAF RH-1 20, hydrophober are that tetrafluoroethylene 10 and two hydroxy silicon oil 10, initiator are that Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate 0.5, whipping agent are N, and N-dimethyl urea 5, linking agent are that allyl methacrylate(AMA) 5, density-controlling agent are that maleimide 1, nucleator are n-BMA 5;
Above-mentioned polymethacrylimide foam material preparation method step is following:
(1) with methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, USAF RH-1, maleic anhydride; Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, ABVN, N, N-dimethyl urea, allyl methacrylate(AMA), maleimide, n-BMA mix according to as above filling a prescription.
(2) step (1) gained solution is injected in two parallel glass by the India-rubber strip good seal, polyreaction formed methylacrylic acid/acrylonitrile compolymer plate in 20 hours under 60 ℃ of bath temperature conditions.
(3) with preheating under 80 ℃ of conditions of copolymerization plate placement 10 hours, the 100min that under 180 ℃ of conditions, foams again obtains polymethacrylimide foam.
(4) with the polymethacrylimide foam that makes thermal treatment 4 hours under 150 ℃ of conditions, obtain polymethacrylimide foam material.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of another low water absorbable polymethacrylimide plastic foam; Fill a prescription by following parts by weight: methylacrylic acid 60, vinyl cyanide 40, the 3rd monomer are that USAF RH-1 15, hydrophober are that maleic anhydride 5, initiator are that Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate 0.2, whipping agent are N, and N-dimethyl urea 16, linking agent are that allyl methacrylate(AMA) 12, density-controlling agent are that maleimide 0.2, nucleator are n-BMA 15;
Above-mentioned polymethacrylimide foam material preparation method step is following:
(1) with methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, USAF RH-1, maleic anhydride; Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, ABVN, N, N-dimethyl urea, allyl methacrylate(AMA), maleimide, n-BMA mix according to as above filling a prescription.
(2) step (1) gained solution is injected in two parallel glass by the India-rubber strip good seal, polyreaction formed methylacrylic acid/acrylonitrile compolymer plate in 10 hours under 80 ℃ of bath temperature conditions.
(3) with preheating under 150 ℃ of conditions of copolymerization plate placement 5 hours, the 20min that under 230 ℃ of conditions, foams again obtains polymethacrylimide foam.
(4) with the polymethacrylimide foam that makes thermal treatment 1 hour under 200 ℃ of conditions, obtain polymethacrylimide foam material.
The present invention prepares the low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material through the adding of different hydrophober, improves the mechanical property of sandwich material, improves stripping strength, satisfies request for utilization.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material; It is characterized in that: this method is a matrix with methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide and the 3rd monomer; Through adding hydrophober; Add initiator, whipping agent, linking agent, density-controlling agent and nucleator copolymerization simultaneously and obtain the copolymerization plate of methylacrylic acid/vinyl cyanide, make polymethacrylimide plastic foam through high temperature foaming and thermal treatment again, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) prescription is pressed following parts by weight: methylacrylic acid 40-60, vinyl cyanide 40-60, the 3rd monomer 5-20, hydrophober 1-20, initiator 0.05-0.6, whipping agent 1-16, linking agent 1-12, density-controlling agent 0.1-3, nucleator 0.3-18;
According to above-mentioned prescription methylacrylic acid, vinyl cyanide, the 3rd monomer, hydrophober are mixed, add initiator, whipping agent, linking agent, density-controlling agent, nucleator, mix and obtain homogeneous solution;
(2) solution that obtains is injected in two parallel glass of good seal, under 30 ℃ of-80 ℃ of bath temperature conditions polyreaction 10-70 hour, form methylacrylic acid/acrylonitrile compolymer plate;
(3) the copolymerization plate was placed under 80 ℃ of-180 ℃ of conditions preheating 2-10 hour, the 10min-200min that under 180 ℃ of-230 ℃ of conditions, foams again obtains polymethacrylimide foam;
(4) with the polymethacrylimide foam that makes under 100 ℃ of-200 ℃ of conditions thermal treatment 1-5 hour, obtain polymethacrylimide foam material.
2. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: hydrophober is response type or addition type hydrophober; Response type hydrophober is maleic anhydride; Addition type hydrophober is one or more in tetrafluoroethylene, organosilicon, two hydroxy silicon oil, the nano layered silicate.
3. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the consumption of hydrophober is 0.8-25wt%, based on monomeric weight.
4. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 3rd monomer is acrylic amide or the alkyl-acrylates that contains two keys.
5. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the 3rd monomer is one or more in acrylic amide, USAF RH-1, methyl acrylate, ethyl propenoate, the Bing Xisuandingzhi.
6. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: whipping agent is N, N-dimethyl urea, one or more in Virahol or the isopropylcarbinol.
7. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: linking agent is allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate(AMA), Natural manganese dioxide or or TGM 1.
8. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: nucleator is methacrylic tert-butyl acrylate, N-NMF or Propenoic acid, 2-methyl, isobutyl ester.
9. the preparation method of low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said initiator is one or more in Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, ABVN, Lucidol, the Lucidol tert-butyl ester; Density-controlling agent is a maleimide.
10. the application of foam materials in space flight and aviation, bullet train, wind-powered electricity generation, boats and ships, medical device equipment that the described low water absorbable polymethacrylimide foam material of claim 1 preparation method obtains.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103232568A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏科技大学 | Polymethacrylimide foamed plastic and preparation method thereof |
| CN103834206A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-06-04 | 张家港市康旭聚合体有限公司 | Propene polymer |
| CN110698721A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-17 | 江苏科技大学 | Polymethacrylimide thermal expansion microsphere and preparation method thereof |
| CN111440403A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-24 | 保定国奥新能源工程材料科技有限责任公司 | Polymethyl imide foam suitable for complex structural member thermal forming |
| EP3705505A4 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2021-08-11 | Cashem Advanced Materials Hi-tech Co., Ltd. Zhejiang | Method for preparing polymethacrylimide foam using one-step-feeding gelation |
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| CN111440403A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-24 | 保定国奥新能源工程材料科技有限责任公司 | Polymethyl imide foam suitable for complex structural member thermal forming |
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